EP0627718B1 - Method for wireless data exchange between a fixed station and moving objects, especially vehicles - Google Patents
Method for wireless data exchange between a fixed station and moving objects, especially vehicles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0627718B1 EP0627718B1 EP94107434A EP94107434A EP0627718B1 EP 0627718 B1 EP0627718 B1 EP 0627718B1 EP 94107434 A EP94107434 A EP 94107434A EP 94107434 A EP94107434 A EP 94107434A EP 0627718 B1 EP0627718 B1 EP 0627718B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- phase
- transmitting
- search area
- receiving profile
- data exchange
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
- G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
- G07B15/06—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems
- G07B15/063—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems using wireless information transmission between the vehicle and a fixed station
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
- G08G1/017—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled identifying vehicles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for carrying out a wireless data exchange between a base station and Transceivers on board relative to the base station preferably in moving objects, in particular Vehicles, with the help of an antenna arrangement of the base station, whose transmission and / or reception profile electronically an object can be aligned.
- a process is over known from DE 41 07 803 A1.
- the query arrangement described therein is automatic Payment of toll fees listed. Every vehicle, the one Toll fee has to be paid with an automatic debit facility equipped, which is a transceiver owns.
- the transceiver is operated by one on the Toll station permanently installed transceiver activated and a dialogue is started between the two.
- the debiting facility first books the toll fee and then sends a receipt to the send / Toll station reception facility.
- This process is composed of an antenna arrangement for each of the vehicles made up of several individual antenna elements, and / or reception profile generated.
- antennas either according to one first solution antennas provided, their transmit and / or Reception profiles fixed to specified lighting areas are. In this case it must be for each lane or for each segment of a lane in which a vehicle is traveling is one Antenna. Consists of the area to be covered many lanes, so is a very complex, out of many Antennas existing arrangement required.
- the antenna arrangement consists of several phase-controlled Individual antennas that are able to moving vehicles the transmission and / or reception profiles track.
- the problem underlying the invention is thus in that for a method of the type mentioned at the beginning Determine the location information to improve, the effort possible additional technical means if possible should be low.
- the method is as mentioned in the introduction Art according to the invention characterized in that in a first phase by varying the orientation of the transmission and / or reception profile swept over a search area and is checked for response signals from objects, the Time of receipt of a response signal with the current one Setting values of the transmission and / or reception profile for location determination is correlated and that in a second phase the Sending and / or receiving profile on a in the search area regarding his / her location specific transceiver one Vehicle is fixed while data is being exchanged becomes.
- the method according to the invention is based on the fact that the location information determined with the antenna arrangement of the base station is a special search phase for the location is provided within the method according to the invention, during the actual data exchange in the subsequent second phase happens.
- Procedure in a search process for location determination and a subsequent data exchange process it is possible to Location determination in a simple manner and very quickly without one to carry out significant data exchange and data exchange then carried out specifically in the second phase, in the location of the object's transceiver is sufficiently accurate is estimated so that the transmission and / or reception profile the antenna arrangement on this object for the purpose of data exchange can be adjusted.
- the transmission and / or reception profile of the Tracking antenna arrangement during data exchange This can be done using techniques known per se, by for example, a change in the amplitude of the base station received signal during data exchange is evaluated.
- the process is already running during the search process of the object and the tracking in the second phase based on the estimated speed performed.
- the send- or reception profiles can overlap so that multiple Response signals can occur.
- the accuracy of the location determination in the search phase can be increased by the fact that the search area is and / or the reception profile of the antenna arrangement is swept several times becomes. Repeated sweeping of the search area can be done in a different way than a previous swipe take place, for example with a changed orientation of the transmission and / or reception profile, at a different speed or also because only part of the search area is swept over. This is expediently repeated Painting depending on the previous one Controlled sweep received response signals. That I the object moves during multiple searches, can also determine the direction of movement from the response signals can be estimated. This information can be advantageous for the Tracking process can be used.
- FIG. 1 The arrangement shown in Figure 1 is used to vehicles 1, which are within a given section 2 of a road move and are provided with a transceiver 3, to detect by a base station 4, the street for example spanned like a bridge and electronically with several controllable antennas 5 is provided, for example can each be assigned to one lane 6.
- the transceivers 3 of the vehicles 1 are with a Processor equipped, for example, an amount of money a check fee can be debited from a storable check card.
- each vehicle 1 must pass a control Be subjected to whether it is the mandatory toll has debited.
- base station 4 sends a radio signal, for example, a microwave signal from the transmitter the transceiver 3 of the vehicles 1 activated so that this an acknowledgment signal about the debit carried out send out.
- the base station 4 checks each individual vehicle 1 in area 2 thereupon whether an acknowledgment signal is emitted has been. If this is not the case, e.g. B. by photography the license plate of the vehicle and so that the vehicle owner can be determined so that from this the toll fee can be collected later.
- the data transmission between the vehicles 1 and the base station 4 takes place in half duplex, i.e. H. it will alternate Data from base station 4 to vehicles 1 (downlink) and transmitted in the reverse direction (uplink).
- the antennas 5 the base station 4 send the downlink during the data exchange Information (e.g. about the amount to be paid) the vehicle 1, each vehicle using its information is assigned to an identifier.
- Figure 1 illustrates that that can be detected by the antennas 5 Area 2 is divided into a search area 7 and a data exchange area 8.
- the antennas 5 sweep over those assigned to them Part of the search area 7, which is also overlapping Areas in the lanes 6 can relate and localize the transceivers 3 of vehicles 1, the are located in the search area 7. After this location the data exchange takes place in the data exchange area 8 instead, the associated antenna 5 on the respective vehicle 1 or its transceiver 3 is permanently set remains and possibly according to the movement of the vehicle 1 is tracked.
- the search process can be extremely fast be performed. It is therefore also possible to search processes to be repeated, preferably with depending on received response signals changed search strategies. Because of the determined location of a vehicle 1 or its Transceiver 3 can at least the starting position for data exchange in data exchange area 8 with sufficient Specify certainty. In many cases the data exchange can then be accomplished so quickly that the vehicle at the maximum possible speeds within the set transmission and / or reception profile the associated antenna 5 for the entire duration of the data exchange located, so it remains quasi stationary. But it is possible and advantageous for increasing reliability, the transmission and / or reception profile of the respective antenna 5 to track the vehicle 1. This is preferably with the help a speed estimated during the search process and if necessary, direction of movement of vehicle 1 possible.
- FIG. 2 shows an antenna 5, which consists of a plurality of antenna elements 9 exists. These are with a beam forming network 10 connected to which the transmission and / or reception profile the antenna 5 is adjustable.
- Transceiver 3 of a vehicle 1 are the output signals of the antenna elements 9 weighted so that the antenna 5 to the vehicle 1 for data transmission from it to the Base station 4 sets up its own main reception lobe.
- antenna elements that receive circularly polarized signals because of these single and also multiple reflected signals (e.g. reflection on the road, on your own vehicle or neighboring vehicles) are less prone to failure.
- reception profiles assigned to vehicles 1 achieved in that each reception profile of several, too a radiator group interconnected antenna elements 9 is produced. Each group of emitters then delivers a received signal.
- the antenna 5 receives signals from vehicles 1 which are in the search area 7 for this antenna 5.
- a processor 11 derives information about the instantaneous location of the individual vehicles 1 from the received signals X (t) of the individual antenna elements 9.
- the signals of the individual antenna elements 9 are weighted in the data exchange phase in the beam shaping network 10 belonging to each antenna 5 - that is, the signal phase and / or amplitude of each antenna element 9 is set such that the antenna 5 for each vehicle 1 generates such a directional diagram that a main reception lobe is directed towards the vehicle 1 in question and that the reception profile in the direction of the other, potentially disruptive vehicles 1 has the highest possible reception loss compared to the main reception lobe.
- each reception profile to be set for each antenna element 9 are hereinafter referred to collectively as a complex weight vector w (t).
- the weighting can be applied to either continuous analog or discrete-time digital antenna reception signals x (t). Accordingly, the switching means for the weighting present in each received signal value are to be implemented.
- the weightings of individual antenna reception signals x (t) can be changed continuously or only at discrete times.
- There are as many antennas 5 connected to beam shaping networks 10 as the area 2 detectable by the base station 4 can accommodate at most vehicles 1, so that each vehicle 1 can be assigned its own reception profile.
- control signals for the complex weight vectors w (t) are derived from the output signal of the receiver 13 according to a quality criterion.
- An evaluation circuit determines in connection with the processor 11 from the receiver output signal and possibly the individual signals of the antenna elements 9 z. B. the ratio of the useful signal to the interference signal power, the useful signal being the signal received by that vehicle to which the main receiving lobe should be directed, and interference signals which are signals received by other vehicles, to which areas that are attenuated as much as possible, ideally zeroing, of the reception profile should be directed.
- the processor 7 determines such complex weight vectors w (t) for the beam shaping network 10 that the main reception lobe and the strongly attenuated areas of the reception profile are aligned, which the maximum the quality signal e (t) leaves.
- the processor 11 can also receive information about the complex weight vectors w n (t) from neighboring beam shaping networks.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the search process in the search area 7, which belongs to an antenna 5.
- the circles 15 shown characterize -3 dB contours of the communication zone formed when sweeping over the search area 7 for determining the location. It can be seen that both the search area 7 and the data exchange area 8 are not strictly separated from the corresponding area of an adjacent antenna 5, from which it follows that it makes sense to also include information from the adjacent antennas 5 (and the weight vectors w n (t ) of the neighboring beam forming networks 10) must be taken into account.
- both searching and tracking in that the transmission and / or reception profile exclusively club-shaped with respect to the reception is, so that with respect to the transmission signals of the base station 4 Direction selection is required. It goes without saying it is also possible to receive non-selectively and a defined one Send profile for the search process and the data exchange process to use. Furthermore, a locally defined transmission profile as well as reception profile can be used in combination.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Finance (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Devices For Checking Fares Or Tickets At Control Points (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Durchführung eines drahtlosen Datenaustausches zwischen einer Feststation und Sende-/Empfangsgeräten an Bord von sich relativ zur Feststation vorzugsweise in Fahrspuren bewegenden Objekten, insbesondere Fahrzeugen, mit Hilfe einer Antennenanordnung der Feststation, deren Sende- und/oder Empfangsprofil elektronisch auf ein Objekt ausrichtbar ist. Ein derartiges Verfahren ist aus der DE 41 07 803 A1 bekannt. Als eine Anwendungsmöglichkeit der darin beschriebenen Abfrageanordnung ist die automatische Zahlung von Mautgebühren aufgeführt. Jedes Fahrzeug, das eine Mautgebühr zu zahlen hat, ist mit einer automatischen Abbuchungseinrichtung ausgestattet, welche ein Sende-/Empfangsgerät besitzt. Das Sende-/Empfangsgerät wird von einer an der Mautstelle fest installierten Sende-/Empfangseinrichtung aktiviert und es wird ein Dialog zwischen beiden aufgenommen. Dabei verbucht zunächst die Abbuchungseinrichtung die Mautgebühr und sendet anschließend eine Quittung darüber an die Sende-/ Empfangseinrichtung der Mautstelle. Während dieses Vorgangs wird für jedes der Fahrzeuge von einer Antennenanordnung, bestehend aus mehreren einzelnen Antennenelementen, ein Sende- und/oder Empfangsprofil erzeugt. Dazu sind entweder gemäß einer ersten Lösung Antennen vorgesehen, deren Sende- und/oder Empfangsprofile auf vorgegebene Ausleuchtegebiete fixiert sind. Es muß in diesem Fall also für jede Fahrspur oder für jedes Segment einer Fahrspur, in dem ein Fahrzeug fährt, eine Antenne vorhanden sein. Besteht das zu erfassende Gebiet aus vielen Fahrspuren, so ist eine sehr aufwendige, aus vielen Antennen bestehende Anordnung erforderlich. In einer zweiten Lösung besteht die Antennenanordnung aus mehreren phasengesteuerten Einzelantennen, welche in der Lage sind, den sich bewegenden Fahrzeugen die Sende- und/oder Empfangsprofile nachzuführen. Allerdings werden dazu Informationen über den Ort der einzelnen Fahrzeuge benötigt. Diese Ortsinformationen liefern in die Straße eingelassene Induktionsschleifen. Die Gewinnung der Ortsinformationen wird dadurch recht aufwendig und ist häufig auch nicht genau genug, da mit Induktionsschleifen allenfalls der Ort des Fahrzeuges, nicht jedoch die Position des Sende-/Empfangsgeräts innerhalb des Fahrzeuges abschätzbar ist.The invention relates to a method for carrying out a wireless data exchange between a base station and Transceivers on board relative to the base station preferably in moving objects, in particular Vehicles, with the help of an antenna arrangement of the base station, whose transmission and / or reception profile electronically an object can be aligned. Such a process is over known from DE 41 07 803 A1. As an application the query arrangement described therein is automatic Payment of toll fees listed. Every vehicle, the one Toll fee has to be paid with an automatic debit facility equipped, which is a transceiver owns. The transceiver is operated by one on the Toll station permanently installed transceiver activated and a dialogue is started between the two. Here The debiting facility first books the toll fee and then sends a receipt to the send / Toll station reception facility. During this process is composed of an antenna arrangement for each of the vehicles made up of several individual antenna elements, and / or reception profile generated. To do this, either according to one first solution antennas provided, their transmit and / or Reception profiles fixed to specified lighting areas are. In this case it must be for each lane or for each segment of a lane in which a vehicle is traveling is one Antenna. Consists of the area to be covered many lanes, so is a very complex, out of many Antennas existing arrangement required. In a second Solution, the antenna arrangement consists of several phase-controlled Individual antennas that are able to moving vehicles the transmission and / or reception profiles track. However, information about the Location of each vehicle is required. This location information deliver induction loops embedded in the street. The Obtaining the location information is therefore quite complex and is often not accurate enough because with induction loops at most the location of the vehicle, but not the Position of the transceiver within the vehicle is assessable.
Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Problemstellung besteht somit darin, für ein Verfahren der eingangs erwähnten Art die Ermittlung der Ortsinformation zu verbessern, wobei der Aufwand an zusätzlich erforderlichen technischen Mitteln möglichst gering sein sollte.The problem underlying the invention is thus in that for a method of the type mentioned at the beginning Determine the location information to improve, the effort possible additional technical means if possible should be low.
Zur Lösung dieses Problems ist das Verfahren der eingangs erwähnten Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in einer ersten Phase durch eine variierende Ausrichtung des Sende- und/oder Empfangsprofils ein Absuchgebiet überstrichen und auf Antwortsignale von Objekten überprüft wird, wobei der Zeitpunkt des Empfangs eines Antwortsignals mit den momentanen Einstellwerten des Sende- und/oder Empfangsprofils zur Ortsbestimmung korreliert wird und daß in einer zweiten Phase das Sende- und/oder Empfangsprofil auf ein im Absuchgebiet hinsichtlich seines Ortes bestimmtes Sende-/Empfangsgerät eines Fahrzeugs fixiert wird, während der Datenaustausch vorgenommen wird.To solve this problem, the method is as mentioned in the introduction Art according to the invention characterized in that in a first phase by varying the orientation of the transmission and / or reception profile swept over a search area and is checked for response signals from objects, the Time of receipt of a response signal with the current one Setting values of the transmission and / or reception profile for location determination is correlated and that in a second phase the Sending and / or receiving profile on a in the search area regarding his / her location specific transceiver one Vehicle is fixed while data is being exchanged becomes.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren beruht darauf, daß die Ortsinformation mit der Antennenanordnung der Feststation ermittelt wird, wobei für die Ortsbestimmung eine besondere Absuchphase innerhalb des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgesehen ist, während der eigentliche Datenaustausch in der nachfolgenden zweiten Phase geschieht. Durch die Trennung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens in einen Absuchvorgang zur Ortsermittlung und einen anschließenden Datenaustauschvorgang ist es möglich, die Ortsbestimmung in einfacher Weise und sehr schnell ohne einen nennenswerten Datenaustausch vorzunehmen und den Datenaustausch dann gezielt in der zweiten Phase durchzuführen, in der der Ort des Sende-/Empfangsgeräts des Objekts hinreichend genau abgeschätzt ist, so daß das Sende- und/oder Empfangsprofil der Antennenanordnung auf dieses Objekt zum Zwecke des Datenaustauschs eingestellt werden kann. Dabei wird es im allgemeinen vorteilhaft sein, das Sende- und/oder Empfangsprofil der Antennenanordnung während des Datenaustausches nachzuführen. Dies kann mit an sich bekannten Techniken geschehen, indem beispielsweise eine Amplitudenveränderung des von der Feststation beim Datenaustausch empfangenen Signals ausgewertet wird.The method according to the invention is based on the fact that the location information determined with the antenna arrangement of the base station is a special search phase for the location is provided within the method according to the invention, during the actual data exchange in the subsequent second phase happens. By separating the invention Procedure in a search process for location determination and a subsequent data exchange process it is possible to Location determination in a simple manner and very quickly without one to carry out significant data exchange and data exchange then carried out specifically in the second phase, in the the location of the object's transceiver is sufficiently accurate is estimated so that the transmission and / or reception profile the antenna arrangement on this object for the purpose of data exchange can be adjusted. It generally does be advantageous, the transmission and / or reception profile of the Tracking antenna arrangement during data exchange. This can be done using techniques known per se, by for example, a change in the amplitude of the base station received signal during data exchange is evaluated.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird während des Absuchvorganges bereits die Geschwindigkeit des Objekts abgeschätzt und die Nachführung in der zweiten Phase aufgrund der abgeschätzten Geschwindigkeit vorgenommen. Die während des Absuchvorgangs eingestellten Sende- oder Empfangsprofile können überlappen, so daß mehrfache Antwortsignale auftreten können. Durch eine Auswertung der von der Antennenanordnung empfangenen jeweiligen Signalamplitude kann eine gute Schätzung des Ortes vorgenommen werden.In a preferred embodiment of the invention The process is already running during the search process of the object and the tracking in the second phase based on the estimated speed performed. The send- or reception profiles can overlap so that multiple Response signals can occur. By evaluating the from the respective signal amplitude received by the antenna arrangement a good estimate of the location can be made.
Die Genauigkeit der Ortsbestimmung in der Absuchphase kann dadurch erhöht werden, daß das Absuchgebiet von dem Sende- und/oder Empfangsprofil der Antennenanordnung mehrfach überstrichen wird. Das wiederholte Überstreichen des Absuchgebietes kann in anderer Weise als ein vorhergehendes Überstreichen stattfinden, beispielsweise mit einer veränderten Ausrichtung des Sende- und/oder Empfangsprofils, mit einer anderen Geschwindigkeit oder auch dadurch, daß nur ein Teil des Absuchgebietes überstrichen wird. Zweckmäßigerweise wird das wiederholte Überstreichen in Abhängigkeit von beim vorhergehenden Überstreichen empfangenen Antwortsignalen gesteuert. Da sich während mehrfacher Absuchvorgänge das Objekt weiterbewegt, kann aus den Antwortsignalen auch die Richtung der Bewegung abgeschätzt werden. Diese Information kann vorteilhaft für den Nachführvorgang genutzt werden. The accuracy of the location determination in the search phase can be increased by the fact that the search area is and / or the reception profile of the antenna arrangement is swept several times becomes. Repeated sweeping of the search area can be done in a different way than a previous swipe take place, for example with a changed orientation of the transmission and / or reception profile, at a different speed or also because only part of the search area is swept over. This is expediently repeated Painting depending on the previous one Controlled sweep received response signals. That I the object moves during multiple searches, can also determine the direction of movement from the response signals can be estimated. This information can be advantageous for the Tracking process can be used.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand von in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Figur 1 -
- eine schematische Draufsicht auf Fahrzeuge mit Sende-/Empfangsgeräten, die sich einer Feststation nähern
- Figur 2 -
- ein Blockschaltbild für eine elektronisch steuerbare Antenne
- Figur 3 -
- eine schematische Darstellung des Absuchvorganges mit Hilfe einer Antenne gemäß Figur 2.
- Figure 1 -
- is a schematic plan view of vehicles with transceivers that approach a base station
- Figure 2 -
- a block diagram for an electronically controllable antenna
- Figure 3 -
- 3 shows a schematic illustration of the search process with the aid of an antenna according to FIG. 2.
Die in Figur 1 dargestellte Anordnung dient dazu, Fahrzeuge 1,
die sich innerhalb eines vorgegebenen Abschnitts 2 einer Straße
bewegen und mit einem Sende-/Empfangsgerät 3 versehen sind,
durch eine Feststation 4 zu erfassen, die die Straße beispielsweise
brückenartig überspannt und mit mehreren elektronisch
steuerbaren Antennen 5 versehen ist, die beispielsweise
jeweils einer Fahrspur 6 zugeordnet sein können.The arrangement shown in Figure 1 is used to
Die Sende-/Empfangsgeräte 3 der Fahrzeuge 1 sind mit einem
Prozessor ausgestattet, der beispielsweise einer einen Geldbetrag
speicherbaren Scheckkarte eine geforderte Mautgebühr abbucht.
In dem Gebiet 2 muß jedes Fahrzeug 1 einer Kontrolle
darüber unterzogen werden, ob es die vorgeschriebene Mautgebühr
abgebucht hat. Dazu sendet die Feststation 4 ein Funksignal,
beispielsweise ein Mikrowellensignal aus, das die Sender
der Sende-/Empfangsgeräte 3 der Fahrzeuge 1 aktiviert, so daß
diese ein Quittungssignal über die durchgeführte Abbuchung
aussenden. Die Feststation 4 überprüft jedes einzelne Fahrzeug
1 in dem Gebiet 2 daraufhin, ob ein Quittungssignal ausgesendet
worden ist. Ist das nicht der Fall, kann z. B. durch Fotografieren
des Fahrzeugs dessen Kennzeichen festgehalten und
damit der Fahrzeughalter ermittelt werden, so daß von diesem
später die Mautgebühr eingezogen werden kann. The transceivers 3 of the
Die Datenübertragung zwischen den Fahrzeugen 1 und der Feststation
4 erfolgt im Halbduplex, d. h. es werden im Wechsel
Daten von der Feststation 4 zu den Fahrzeugen 1 (downlink) und
in umgekehrter Richtung (uplink) übertragen. Die Antennen 5
der Feststation 4 senden beim downlink während des Datenaustausches
Informationen (z. B. über den zu zahlenden Betrag) an
das Fahrzeug 1, wobei jedem Fahrzeug seine Information mittels
einer Kennung zugeordnet wird.The data transmission between the
Figur 1 verdeutlicht, daß das von den Antennen 5 erfaßbare
Gebiet 2 unterteilt ist in ein Absuchgebiet 7 und ein Datenaustauschgebiet
8. Die Antennen 5 überstreichen den ihnen zugeordneten
Teil des Absuchgebiets 7, der sich auch auf überlappende
Bereiche in den Fahrspuren 6 beziehen kann und lokalisieren
die Sende-/Empfangsgeräte 3 von Fahrzeugen 1, die
sich in dem Absuchgebiet 7 befinden. Nach dieser Ortsbestimmung
findet der Datenaustausch in dem Datenaustauschgebiet 8
statt, wobei die zugehörige Antenne 5 auf das jeweilige Fahrzeug
1 bzw. dessen Sende-/Empfangsgerät 3 fest eingestellt
bleibt und ggf. entsprechend der Bewegung des Fahrzeugs 1
nachgeführt wird.Figure 1 illustrates that that can be detected by the
Da für das Absuchen in dem Absuchgebiet 7 lediglich die Existenz
eines Antwortsignals durch die Feststation 4 überprüft
werden muß, kann der Absuchvorgang außerordentlich schnell
durchgeführt werden. Es ist daher auch möglich, Absuchvorgänge
zu wiederholen, und zwar vorzugsweise mit in Abhängigkeit von
empfangenen Antwortsignalen geänderten Absuchstrategien. Aufgrund
des festgestellten Ortes eines Fahrzeuges 1 bzw. seines
Sende-/Empfangsgeräts 3 läßt sich zumindest die Anfangsposition
für den Datenaustausch im Datenaustauschgebiet 8 mit ausreichender
Bestimmtheit angeben. In vielen Fällen wird sich
der Datenaustausch dann so schnell bewerkstelligen lassen, daß
sich das Fahrzeug bei den maximal möglichen Geschwindigkeiten
innerhalb des eingestellten Sende- und/oder Empfangsprofils
der zugehörigen Antenne 5 für die gesamte Dauer des Datenaustausches
befindet, also quasi stationär bleibt. Es ist aber
möglich und für die Erhöhung der Zuverlässigkeit vorteilhaft,
das Sende- und/oder Empfangsprofil der jeweiligen Antenne 5
dem Fahrzeug 1 nachzuführen. Dies ist vorzugsweise mit Hilfe
einer beim Absuchvorgang abgeschätzten Geschwindigkeit und
ggfs. Bewegungsrichtung des Fahrzeugs 1 möglich.As for the search in the search area 7 only existence
a response signal checked by the base station 4
the search process can be extremely fast
be performed. It is therefore also possible to search processes
to be repeated, preferably with depending on
received response signals changed search strategies. Because of
the determined location of a
Figur 2 zeigt eine Antenne 5, die aus einer Mehrzahl von Antennenelementen
9 besteht. Diese sind mit einem Strahlformungsnetzwerk
10 verbunden, mit dem das Sende- und/oder Empfangsprofil
der Antenne 5 einstellbar ist.Figure 2 shows an
Für den hier dargestellten Fall des Empfangs des Signals eines
Sende-/Empfangsgeräts 3 eines Fahrzeugs 1 sind die Ausgangssignale
der Antennenelemente 9 so gewichtet, daß die Antenne 5
auf das Fahrzeug 1 für die Datenübertragung von ihm zu der
Feststation 4 eine eigene Hauptempfangskeule richtet.For the case of receiving the signal shown here
Transceiver 3 of a
Es ist vorteilhaft, solche Antennenelemente zu verwenden, die
zirkular polarisierte Signale empfangen, weil diese bezüglich
einfach und auch mehrfach reflektierter Signale (z. B. Reflexion
an der Straße, am eigenen Fahrzeug oder Nachbarfahrzeugen)
weniger störanfällig sind. Eine ebenfalls zu einer geringeren
Störanfälligkeit führende erhöhte Richtwirkung der einzelnen,
den Fahrzeugen 1 zugeordneten Empfangsprofile wird
dadurch erreicht, daß jedes Empfangsprofil von mehreren, zu
einer Strahlergruppe zusammengeschalteten Antennenelementen 9
erzeugt wird. Jede Strahlergruppe liefert dann ein Empfangssignal.It is advantageous to use such antenna elements that
receive circularly polarized signals because of these
single and also multiple reflected signals (e.g. reflection
on the road, on your own vehicle or neighboring vehicles)
are less prone to failure. One also to a lesser
Susceptibility to interference leading to increased directivity of the individual,
reception profiles assigned to
Für die Ortung einzelner Fahrzeuge 1 im Absuchgebiet 7
empfängt die Antenne 5 von Fahrzeugen 1, die sich in dem Absuchgebiet
7 für diese Antenne 5 befinden, Signale. Ein Prozessor
11 leitet aus den Empfangssignalen X(t) der einzelnen
Antennenelemente 9 Informationen über den augenblicklichen Ort
der einzelnen Fahrzeuge 1 ab. Mit diesen Ortsinformationen
werden in der Datenaustauschphase in dem zu jeder Antenne 5
gehörenden Strahlformungsnetzwerk 10 die Signale der einzelnen
Antennenelemente 9 so gewichtet - d. h. es wird die Signalphase
und/oder -amplitude eines jeden Antennenelements 9 so eingestellt
-, daß die Antenne 5 für jedes Fahrzeug 1 ein solches
Richtdiagramm erzeugt, daß eine Hauptempfangskeule auf das
betreffende Fahrzeug 1 gerichtet ist und daß das Empfangsprofil
in Richtung der jeweils anderen, potentiell störenden
Fahrzeuge 1 eine möglichst hohe Empfangsdämpfung gegenüber der
Hauptempfangskeule aufweist. Die für jedes Antennenelement 9
einzustellende Phase und Amplitude eines jeden Empfangsprofils
werden im folgenden zusammenfassend als komplexer Gewichtsvektor
w(t) bezeichnet. Die Wichtung kann entweder auf kontinuierliche
analoge oder zeitdiskrete digitale Antennenempfangssignale
x(t) angewendet werden. Dementsprechend sind die in
jedem Empfangssignalwert vorhandenen Schaltungsmittel für die
Wichtung zu realisieren. Die Wichtungen einzelnen Antennenempfangssignale
x(t) können kontinuierlich aber auch nur zu diskreten
Zeitpunkten geändert werden. Es sind so viele Antennen
5 mit Strahlformungsnetzwerken 10 angeschlossen, wie das von
der Feststation 4 erfaßbare Gebiet 2 maximal an Fahrzeugen 1
aufnehmen kann, so daß jedem Fahrzeug 1 ein eigenes Empfangsprofil
zugeordnet werden kann.For the location of
Die von jedem Fahrzeug 1 empfangenen und im zugehörigen
Strahlformungsnetzwerk 10 entsprechend gewichteten Empfangssignale
werden in einem Summierer 12 überlagert und das gebildete
Summensignal y(t) einem Empfänger 13 zugeführt.The received from each
Ist es erforderlich, das Empfangsprofil der Position des Fahrzeugs anzupassen, kann die Adaption durch eine Ortsermittlung während des Datenaustausches (zwischen zwei uplink-Übertragungen) wiederholt werden.It is necessary to get the reception profile of the position of the vehicle Adaptation can be done by determining the location during data exchange (between two uplink transmissions) be repeated.
Ein anderes Adaptionsverfahren zur Verbesserung der Genauigkeit
der Ortsermittlung besteht darin, daß aus dem Ausgangssignal
des Empfängers 13 nach einem Gütekriterium Steuersignale
für die komplexen Gewichtsvektoren w(t) abgeleitet werden.
Eine Auswerteschaltung ermittelt in Verbindung mit dem Prozessor
11 aus dem Empfängerausgangssignal und ggf. den Einzelsignalen
der Antennenelemente 9 z. B. das Verhältnis von Nutzsignal
zur Störsignalleistung, wobei das Nutzsignal das von demjenigen
Fahrzeug empfangene Signal ist, auf das die Hauptempfangskeule
gerichtet sein sollte, und Störsignale, die von
anderen Fahrzeugen empfangenen Signale sind, auf welche möglichst
stark gedämpfte Bereiche, im Idealfall Nullstellen, des
Empfangsprofils gerichtet sein sollten. Aus dem so entstandenen
Gütesignal e(t) ermittelt der Prozessor 7 solche
komplexen Gewichtsvektoren w(t) für das Strahlformungsnetzwerk
10, das es zu einer Ausrichtung der Hauptempfangskeule und der
stark gedämpften Bereiche des Empfangsprofils kommt, welche
das Gütesignal e(t) maximal werden läßt. Hierfür kann der Prozessor
11 auch Informationen über die komplexen Gewichtsvektoren
w n(t) von benachbarten Strahlformungsnetzwerken erhalten.Another adaptation method for improving the accuracy of the location determination is that control signals for the complex weight vectors w (t) are derived from the output signal of the receiver 13 according to a quality criterion. An evaluation circuit determines in connection with the
Vorteilhaft für die Anfangseinstellung der Gewichtsvektoren
w(t) ist es, wenn die Auswertungsschaltung 14 eine beim Absuchvorgang
ermittelte Amplitude s(t) des Antwortsignals oder
Amplituden s (t) sowie eine Information über eine festgestellte
Geschwindigkeit v(t) des Fahrzeugs 1 auf den Prozessor 11
übermitteln kann.It is advantageous for the initial setting of the weight vectors w (t) if the
Figur 3 verdeutlicht den Absuchvorgang im Absuchgebiet 7, das
zu einer Antenne 5 gehört. Die eingezeichneten Kreise 15 charakterisieren
-3 dB-Konturen der ausgebildeten Kommunikationszone
beim Überstreichen des Absuchgebiets 7 zur Ortsbestimmung.
Dabei ist erkennbar, daß sowohl das Absuchgebiet 7 als
auch das Datenaustauschgebiet 8 nicht streng von dem entsprechenden
Gebiet einer benachbarten Antenne 5 getrennt ist,
woraus sich ergibt, daß es sinnvoll ist, auch Informationen
der benachbarten Antennen 5 (und der Gewichtsvektoren w n(t) der
benachbarten Strahlformungsnetzwerke 10) zu berücksichtigen.FIG. 3 illustrates the search process in the search area 7, which belongs to an
Anhand der Beschreibung des Ausführungsbeispiels ist es deutlich geworden, daß sowohl das Absuchen als auch das Nachführen dadurch erfolgt, daß das Sende- und/oder Empfangsprofil ausschließlich bezüglich des Empfangs keulenartig ausgebildet wird, so daß bezüglich der Sendesignale der Feststation 4 keine Richtungsselektion erforderlich ist. Selbstverständlich ist es ebenso möglich, unselektiv zu empfangen und ein definiertes Sendeprofil für den Absuchvorgang und den Datenaustauschvorgang zu verwenden. Ferner können ein örtlich definiertes Sendeprofil wie auch Empfangsprofil in Kombination verwendet werden.It is clear from the description of the exemplary embodiment that both searching and tracking in that the transmission and / or reception profile exclusively club-shaped with respect to the reception is, so that with respect to the transmission signals of the base station 4 Direction selection is required. It goes without saying it is also possible to receive non-selectively and a defined one Send profile for the search process and the data exchange process to use. Furthermore, a locally defined transmission profile as well as reception profile can be used in combination.
Claims (10)
- Method for carrying out wireless data exchange between a fixed station (4) and transceiving units (3) on board objects, in particular vehicles (1), moving relative to the fixed station (4), preferably in lanes (6), with the aid of an antenna arrangement (5) of the fixed station (4), whose transmitting and/or receiving profile can be aligned electronically with an object (1), characterized in that a search area (7) is swept in a first phase by a varying alignment of the transmitting and/or receiving profile and is checked for response signals from objects (1), the instant of the reception of a response signal being correlated with the instantaneous setting values (w(t)) of the transmitting and/or receiving profile for the purpose of determining position, and in that in a second phase the transmitting and/or receiving profile is fixed on a transceiving unit (3) of an object (1), which unit is determined in the search area (7) with regard to its position, while the data exchange is undertaken.
- Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that in the second phase the transmitting and/or receiving profile tracks the transceiving unit (3) of the object (1).
- Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the search area (7) is swept several times for the purpose of more accurately determining the position or a direction of movement of transceiving units (3) of objects (1).
- Method according to Claim 3, characterized in that in the case of repeated sweeping of the search area (7) a changed alignment of the transmitting and/or receiving profile is used.
- Method according to Claim 3 or 4, characterized in that in the case of repeated sweeping the search area (7) is swept only partly.
- Method according to one of Claims 3 to 5, characterized in that repeated sweeping of the search area (7) is performed at a different rate than the previous sweeping.
- Method according to one of Claims 3 to 6, characterized in that repeated sweeping is controlled as a function of response signals received during previous sweeping.
- Method according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that estimation of the speed of the determined object (1) is undertaken in the first phase.
- Method according to Claim 8, characterized in that the tracking of the transmitting and/or receiving profile in the second phase is undertaken using the estimated speed.
- Method according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that an amplitude of the received response signal is also determined in the first phase.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4318108 | 1993-06-01 | ||
| DE4318108A DE4318108C1 (en) | 1993-06-01 | 1993-06-01 | Method for carrying out a wireless data exchange between a base station and transceivers |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0627718A1 EP0627718A1 (en) | 1994-12-07 |
| EP0627718B1 true EP0627718B1 (en) | 1998-08-19 |
Family
ID=6489322
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP94107434A Expired - Lifetime EP0627718B1 (en) | 1993-06-01 | 1994-05-13 | Method for wireless data exchange between a fixed station and moving objects, especially vehicles |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5710566A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0627718B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3429366B2 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4318108C1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3265911B2 (en) * | 1995-05-02 | 2002-03-18 | 株式会社デンソー | Mobile communication device |
| DE19535441A1 (en) * | 1995-09-23 | 1997-03-27 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Antenna of a central station of a point-to-multipoint radio relay system |
| KR20000049066A (en) | 1996-10-17 | 2000-07-25 | 핀포인트 코포레이션 | Article tracking system |
| US6812824B1 (en) | 1996-10-17 | 2004-11-02 | Rf Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus combining a tracking system and a wireless communication system |
| FR2760849B1 (en) * | 1997-03-13 | 1999-04-16 | Alsthom Cge Alcatel | TRANSPONDER LOCATION SYSTEM FOR HIGHWAY TELEPHONE INSTALLATION |
| US5955970A (en) * | 1997-05-19 | 1999-09-21 | Denso Corporation | On-board electronic device for use in electronic toll collection system |
| US6657554B1 (en) * | 1999-06-29 | 2003-12-02 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Road antenna controlled on the basis of receiving rate |
| US6278935B1 (en) | 1999-07-23 | 2001-08-21 | Navigation Technologies Corp. | Method and system for providing instructions about tollways with a navigation system |
| US20040215387A1 (en) | 2002-02-14 | 2004-10-28 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method for transmitting location information on a digital map, apparatus for implementing the method, and traffic information provision/reception system |
| JP3481168B2 (en) | 1999-08-27 | 2003-12-22 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Digital map location information transmission method |
| JP2001109989A (en) * | 1999-10-07 | 2001-04-20 | Denso Corp | On-vehicle equipment and radio communication system |
| EP1307850A4 (en) | 2000-06-05 | 2005-09-21 | Transcore Holdings Inc | Method and apparatus to determine the direction to a transponder in a modulated backscatter communication system |
| JP5041638B2 (en) | 2000-12-08 | 2012-10-03 | パナソニック株式会社 | Method for transmitting location information of digital map and device used therefor |
| KR100360266B1 (en) * | 2000-12-09 | 2002-11-09 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Transportation information system for traveler information service and method for providing the service |
| JP4663136B2 (en) | 2001-01-29 | 2011-03-30 | パナソニック株式会社 | Method and apparatus for transmitting location information of digital map |
| JP4749594B2 (en) * | 2001-04-27 | 2011-08-17 | パナソニック株式会社 | Digital map location information transmission method |
| JP4230132B2 (en) | 2001-05-01 | 2009-02-25 | パナソニック株式会社 | Digital map shape vector encoding method, position information transmission method, and apparatus for implementing the same |
| EP1850302A1 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2007-10-31 | C.R.F. Società Consortile per Azioni | System for determining the lane of travel of vehicles along a stretch of road with multiple lanes |
| US10013815B2 (en) * | 2006-12-13 | 2018-07-03 | Crown Equipment Corporation | Information system for industrial vehicles |
| US9984341B2 (en) | 2006-12-13 | 2018-05-29 | Crown Equipment Corporation | Information system for industrial vehicles including cyclical recurring vehicle information message |
| US10600256B2 (en) * | 2006-12-13 | 2020-03-24 | Crown Equipment Corporation | Impact sensing usable with fleet management system |
| RU2461066C2 (en) * | 2006-12-13 | 2012-09-10 | Краун Эквайпмент Корпорейшн | Fleet management system |
| US11225404B2 (en) | 2006-12-13 | 2022-01-18 | Crown Equipment Corporation | Information system for industrial vehicles |
| CA2768665C (en) | 2009-08-12 | 2015-06-02 | Sergio Schulte De Oliveira | Information system for industrial vehicles |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3474430A (en) * | 1965-03-18 | 1969-10-21 | Siemens Ag | Magnetic record medium with edge areas of polarity opposite that of center area |
| NL7104407A (en) * | 1971-04-02 | 1972-10-04 | ||
| US4107675A (en) * | 1977-03-04 | 1978-08-15 | Sellers John C | Transponder-responder system |
| JPS55127741A (en) * | 1979-03-26 | 1980-10-02 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Vehicle communication unit |
| US5192954A (en) * | 1981-02-13 | 1993-03-09 | Mark Iv Transportation Products Corporation | Roadway antennae |
| BE1003237A5 (en) * | 1989-06-02 | 1992-02-04 | Baets Thierry De | AUTOMATIC TAXATION OR TOLL SYSTEM FOR ROAD VEHICLES. |
| GB2236233A (en) * | 1989-09-04 | 1991-03-27 | Philips Electronic Associated | Communicating information by radio;preventing communication overlap |
| US5406275A (en) * | 1990-05-17 | 1995-04-11 | At/Comm Incorporated | Object location process and apparatus |
| DE4107803A1 (en) * | 1991-03-11 | 1992-09-17 | Ant Nachrichtentech | ARRANGEMENT FOR LOCALIZING OBJECTS AND EXCHANGING DATA WITH THESE OBJECTS |
| US5227803A (en) * | 1992-07-22 | 1993-07-13 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Transponder location and tracking system and method |
| ATE165931T1 (en) * | 1992-08-28 | 1998-05-15 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | METHOD FOR DATA TRANSMISSION BETWEEN A FIXED STATION AND MOVING OBJECTS |
| IT1257419B (en) * | 1992-09-03 | 1996-01-15 | Marconi Spa | SYSTEM AND METHOD OF AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF VEHICLES IN MOTION, WITH INTERCHANGE OF DATA, IN PARTICULAR WITH AUTOMATIC CHARGE OF TOLLS. |
| US5448248A (en) * | 1993-11-22 | 1995-09-05 | United Technologies Corporation | Adaptive radio direction finding system |
-
1993
- 1993-06-01 DE DE4318108A patent/DE4318108C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-05-13 EP EP94107434A patent/EP0627718B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-13 DE DE59406711T patent/DE59406711D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-30 JP JP11663294A patent/JP3429366B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-10-16 US US08/734,420 patent/US5710566A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5710566A (en) | 1998-01-20 |
| EP0627718A1 (en) | 1994-12-07 |
| JPH0750633A (en) | 1995-02-21 |
| JP3429366B2 (en) | 2003-07-22 |
| DE4318108C1 (en) | 1995-01-05 |
| DE59406711D1 (en) | 1998-09-24 |
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