EP0622812B1 - Powerresistor with natural convection - Google Patents
Powerresistor with natural convection Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0622812B1 EP0622812B1 EP94400909A EP94400909A EP0622812B1 EP 0622812 B1 EP0622812 B1 EP 0622812B1 EP 94400909 A EP94400909 A EP 94400909A EP 94400909 A EP94400909 A EP 94400909A EP 0622812 B1 EP0622812 B1 EP 0622812B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flanges
- resistor according
- strip
- comb
- resistive
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C1/00—Details
- H01C1/01—Mounting; Supporting
- H01C1/014—Mounting; Supporting the resistor being suspended between and being supported by two supporting sections
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C3/00—Non-adjustable metal resistors made of wire or ribbon, e.g. coiled, woven or formed as grids
- H01C3/10—Non-adjustable metal resistors made of wire or ribbon, e.g. coiled, woven or formed as grids the resistive element having zig-zag or sinusoidal configuration
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power resistor with natural convection.
- rheostats are in the form of boxes which are combined to obtain the desired total resistance.
- Each box has a resistive tape generally made from an alloy of nickel and chromium.
- the rheostat is sized to optimize the following two main characteristics: the ohmic value and the thermal power to be dissipated.
- the air heats up on contact with the rheostat and is discharged to the outside.
- the resistance elements consist of a calibrated ribbon, rolled on edge and supported by guides, ceramic insulators.
- the helical shape given to the ribbon is intended to provide good cooling to the rheostat.
- the assembly is designed to allow free expansion of the heating elements.
- these resistors are mounted in the open air, either under the body or on the roof.
- the drawback of this type of resistance is that the propeller has a high self-value: a propeller can have an inductance of 100 ⁇ H and a complete rheostat can have ten propellers. These resistors cannot therefore function in association with modern power electronics circuits. It should indeed the complete rheostat has an inductance not exceeding 20 ⁇ H.
- the resistive tape consists of strips folded in a zigzag and welded end to end.
- the mounting of the ribbon in its box must allow maximum heat exchange between the ribbon and the cooling air flow, ensure the mechanical retention of the ribbon subjected to the effects of thermal expansion and prevent short-circuits between parts of the ribbon in screw opposite.
- the box is in the form of a flat parallelepiped closed on its four vertical faces by plates intended to support the mechanical holding elements of the tape, the insulating elements and the electrical connection terminals. Ventilation is carried out by forced passage of air between the open upper and lower faces.
- the present invention proposes a power resistor whose resistive strip is of the type used for rheostats cooled by forced ventilation, but whose structure is such that it allows excellent natural ventilation of the resistance. It is then possible, for the same volume, to replace the helical rheostats with rheostats according to the invention and to dissipate the same power.
- the power resistor according to the invention must also be of low cost, of easy assembly, not requiring in particular manual intervention between the folds of the resistive strip.
- the invention therefore relates to a power resistor cooled by natural convection comprising at least at least one resistive tape placed in a box ensuring its maintenance and supporting the electrical connections to the tape, the resistive tape being maintained by means of comb supports retaining the resistive tape by its longitudinal edges, disposed between the teeth of insulating combs mounted on said comb supports, the box being made up of only two flanges braced by some of the comb supports, the other comb supports being mounted floating between the flanges in order to avoid deforming the flanges under the effect of thermal expansion transmitted by the comb holders.
- the resistance may include two resistive tapes superimposed separated by common comb supports.
- a common comb support may have a cylindrical insulating comb pierced with an axial hole in which engages a rod supported at its two ends by the flanges of the box.
- Each resistive tape can advantageously be a strip folded in a zigzag.
- the strip can be formed by metallic elements forming one or more folds, these elements being welded end to end to constitute the strip.
- Each resistive tape can advantageously be a thick tape. This gives the tape good rigidity and thus avoids having to emboss it and it is not useful to equip it with insulating pins to prevent short-circuits between opposite parts.
- the flanges can be fitted with insulating sleeves located on the inner side of the box. This avoids a possible short circuit between the flanges and the resistive tape.
- the flanges are advantageously provided with lugs intended for fixing the box.
- the electrical connections can be fixed to the flanges by means of insulators.
- the flanges are preferably pierced with ventilation holes. These holes also make it possible to lighten them.
- Figures 1 to 3 illustrate a power resistor usable as a power rheostat in rail traction.
- the resistance comprises two parallel flanges 31 and 32 of rectangular shape.
- the flanges are braced by four comb supports each connecting a corner of a flange to the corner opposite the other flange.
- Figure 1 shows two upper comb supports 33 and 34 screwed onto the flanges 31 and 32.
- Figure 2 shows one of the two lower comb supports 35 serving as a spacer.
- Figure 3 shows on the flange 31 the location of the holes 36 used for fixing the comb supports playing the role of spacer.
- the box has two other intermediate comb supports 37 and 38 on its upper face and between the comb supports 33 and 34.
- Two other non-visible intermediate comb supports correspond to the comb supports 37 and 38 but on the underside of the box.
- These intermediate comb supports of the upper and lower faces are screwed onto the flange 32.
- the references 39 show the location of the holes used for screwing the comb supports 37 and 38.
- These comb supports are not fixed to the flange 31 but are simply connected to this flange by pinned pins passing through holes in locations referenced 40 of the flange 31.
- At ambient temperature there is a clearance between the flange 31 and the end plates 41 and 42 of the intermediate comb supports 37 and 38. This clearance prevents the flanges 31 and 32 from being deformed when the comb supports 37 and 38 expand.
- the resistor illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3 comprises two resistive tapes 43 and 44 superimposed.
- Each resistive tape is formed by a band folded in a zigzag and extending from one flange to another, the folds being parallel to the flanges.
- the comb supports 33, 34, 35, 37 and 38 are therefore arranged transversely with respect to the folds of the resistive tapes.
- the box also includes comb supports located in the median plane between the upper and lower faces of the box to maintain the resistive tapes 43 and 44 at this level.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show one of these median comb supports referenced 45. These median comb supports are mounted floating relative to the flanges 31 and 32.
- connection 46 has two electrical connections intended to insert it into an electrical circuit.
- Figure 1 shows these connections 46 and 47 fixed via insulators to the flanges 31 and 32.
- Each connection 46 or 47 is fixed to the corresponding flange by two insulators. They allow the resistive tapes to be connected in parallel.
- the connection 46 has a branch 50 welded on the one hand to one end of the upper resistive strip 43 and fixed on the other hand to the flange 31 by an insulator 48.
- the connection 46 has another branch 51 welded to on the one hand on one end of the lower resistive strip 44 and fixed on the other hand on the flange 31 by an insulator 52.
- the same goes for the connection 47 whose FIG. 1 shows only the insulator 49 fixing its upper branch to the flange 32.
- the box has three fixing lugs allowing the installation of the resistance in an equipment.
- Two tabs 53 and 54 are welded to the flange 31 and a tab 55 is welded to the flange 32.
- the assembly of these fixing lugs delimits a support triangle for the box.
- the flanges 31 and 32 are pierced with holes allowing the housing of insulating sleeves 56 preventing any untimely short-circuit between the flanges and the resistive tapes.
- the resistive tapes are for example made of a nickel-chromium alloy. By choosing them sufficiently thick (for example 1.2mm thick), they are provided with good rigidity which avoids excessive deformation during thermal expansion.
- Each strip can be formed by butt welding of resistive strip elements, each element having a W shape, that is to say comprising two plies.
- Figure 1 shows under reference 57 a weld zone between two end to end elements.
- the flanges are pierced with holes 58 (see FIG. 3) allowing better aeration of the resistance and also a reduction in the weight of the box.
- the upper and lower comb supports can be of the type illustrated in FIGS. 4 to 6.
- FIG. 4 shows an elementary comb 1 made of insulating ceramic, for example soapstone or cordierite. It is provided in the lower part with two lateral grooves 2 and 3 made over its entire length. Its upper part is provided with teeth 4 between which the resistive tape will be placed. Note that one end of the comb, the end 5, has only its lower part while the other end, the end 6, has only its upper part.
- Figure 5 shows a full comb holder. It comprises a metal support 10 which is a U-shaped section stainless steel profile having edges 11, 12 folded inwards.
- the metal support 10 is provided with end plates 13, 14 arranged transversely. These plates, also made of stainless steel, are welded to the support 10.
- the plate 13 closes the opening that the support has at this end.
- the plate 14 on the other hand has a cutout 15 making it possible to leave free the opening which the support has at this end (see FIG. 6).
- the plates 13 and 14 allow the fixing of the support 10 on the flanges.
- the plate 13 has two tapped holes 16 allowing its fixing by screwing on the flange 32.
- the plate 14 also includes tapped holes for fixing on the flange 31 when the comb supports are those placed in the corners of the flanges.
- the plate 14 has two holes 17 allowing a connection with a certain clearance with respect to the flange 31 by means of a pinned pin. This clearance allows the support 10 to expand under the effect of thermal stresses without deforming the structure of the rheostat and without deforming itself.
- the assembly of the elementary combs on the support is done quickly and easily by sliding the elementary combs in the support from its open end, the folded edges 11, 12 of the support penetrating into the grooves 2 and 3 of the combs.
- the end plate 13 serves as a stop for the elementary combs.
- the comb support comprises combs 1 identical to each other and end combs 21 and 22.
- the combs 1 are placed end to end so that the end 6 of a comb overlaps the end 5 of the adjacent comb.
- the end combs of the support 21 and 22 are different from the combs 1.
- the end of the comb 22 adjacent to the plate 13 and the end of the comb 21 adjacent to the plate 14 do not have to be conjugated with ends of adjacent combs. However, their other ends have shapes allowing an overlap with the adjacent combs 1.
- the lengths of the elementary combs are provided so that, whatever the operating temperature of the rheostat, there is always an overlap of two adjacent combs. Dielectric protection against electrical leakage lines between resistive tape and comb support is therefore always ensured.
- the elementary combs including the support end combs, can be of different lengths so as to make all the possible combinations.
- the median comb supports are mounted floating relative to the flanges 31 and 32.
- FIG. 2 details the constitution of a median comb support 45.
- This comprises a succession of elementary insulating ceramic combs such as the combs 61 and 62 of tubular shape. They are pierced with an axial hole allowing the passage of a metal rod 63 long enough to pass through the two flanges.
- Omega-shaped parts 64 each have their central part housed in a rectangular opening made in the flanges 31 and 32 and are therefore locked in rotation. The rods 63 open into holes provided in the central parts of the parts 64 and are blocked in translation by sets of washers and keys.
- Combs such as those referenced 61 and 62, are provided with an internal flat at each opening of their axial hole. Side flange 32, the piece 64 partially penetrates the axial hole of the comb and is housed in a flat of conjugate shape. Between two successive combs, such as the combs 61 and 62, an insulating ceramic intermediate piece is housed in the cavity formed by the flats facing the combs 61 and 62 and blocks any possibility of rotation around the rod 63 d 'one comb in relation to the other. The entire median comb support cannot therefore rotate on itself.
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Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne une résistance de puissance à convection naturelle.The present invention relates to a power resistor with natural convection.
Ces résistances de puissance sont notamment employées en traction ferroviaire comme résistance de freinage. Pour limiter les échauffements et les usures des freins mécaniques, une partie importante de l'énergie cinétique de l'engin est convertie en énergie électrique dissipée sous forme thermique dans les rhéostats de puissance. Ces résistances doivent supporter les sévères conditions de service rencontrées en traction ferroviaire.These power resistors are used in particular in rail traction as a braking resistor. To limit overheating and wear on mechanical brakes, a significant part of the kinetic energy of the machine is converted into electrical energy dissipated in thermal form in power rheostats. These resistors must withstand the severe service conditions encountered in rail traction.
Ces rhéostats se présentent sous forme de caissons que l'on associe de façon à obtenir la résistance totale désirée. Chaque caisson possède un ruban résistif réalisé généralement à partir d'un alliage de nickel et de chrome.These rheostats are in the form of boxes which are combined to obtain the desired total resistance. Each box has a resistive tape generally made from an alloy of nickel and chromium.
Pour chaque application, le rhéostat est dimensionné pour optimiser les deux caractéristiques principales suivantes: la valeur ohmique et la puissance thermique à dissiper. L'air s'échauffe au contact du rhéostat et est évacué vers l'extérieur.For each application, the rheostat is sized to optimize the following two main characteristics: the ohmic value and the thermal power to be dissipated. The air heats up on contact with the rheostat and is discharged to the outside.
On connaît des rhéostats à convection naturelle dits en hélice. Les éléments de résistance sont constitués d'un ruban calibré, roulé sur chant et supporté par des guides, isolants en céramique. La forme en hélice donnée au ruban est destinée à procurer un bon refroidissement au rhéostat. Le montage est conçu pour permettre la libre dilatation des éléments chauffants. Pour une utilisation dans le domaine ferroviaire, ces résistances sont montées à l'air libre, indifféremment sous la caisse ou sur le toit.We know rheostats with natural convection called helix. The resistance elements consist of a calibrated ribbon, rolled on edge and supported by guides, ceramic insulators. The helical shape given to the ribbon is intended to provide good cooling to the rheostat. The assembly is designed to allow free expansion of the heating elements. For use in the railway sector, these resistors are mounted in the open air, either under the body or on the roof.
L'inconvénient de ce type de résistance est que l'hélice présente une valeur de self élevée: une hélice peut présenter une inductance de 100 µH et un rhéostat complet peut comporter une dizaine d'hélices. Ces résistances ne peuvent donc pas fonctionner en association avec des circuits d'électronique de puissance modernes. Il faudrait en effet que le rhéostat complet présente une inductance ne dépassant pas 20µH.The drawback of this type of resistance is that the propeller has a high self-value: a propeller can have an inductance of 100 µH and a complete rheostat can have ten propellers. These resistors cannot therefore function in association with modern power electronics circuits. It should indeed the complete rheostat has an inductance not exceeding 20µH.
Un autre inconvénient de ce rhéostat est dû au coût élevé inhérent à l'hélice. Ce coût élevé résulte de la forme de l'hélice elle-même, de son maintien, du nombre élevé de pièces nécessaires à son maintien.Another drawback of this rheostat is due to the high cost inherent in the propeller. This high cost results from the shape of the propeller itself, from its maintenance, from the high number of parts necessary for its maintenance.
On connaît d'autre part des résistances de puissance refroidies par ventilation forcée. Dans ce cas, le ruban résistif est constitué de bandes pliées en zigzag et soudées bout à bout. Le montage du ruban dans son caisson doit permettre un échange thermique maximal entre le ruban et le flux d'air de refroidissement, assurer le maintien mécanique du ruban soumis aux effets de la dilatation thermique et interdire les courts-circuits entre parties de ruban en vis-à-vis. Le caisson se présente sous la forme d'un parallélépipède plat fermé sur ses quatre faces verticales par des plaques destinées à supporter les éléments de maintien mécanique du ruban, les éléments d'isolation et les bornes de connexion électrique. La ventilation s'effectue par passage forcé d'air entre les faces inférieure et supérieure ouvertes.On the other hand, power resistors cooled by forced ventilation are known. In this case, the resistive tape consists of strips folded in a zigzag and welded end to end. The mounting of the ribbon in its box must allow maximum heat exchange between the ribbon and the cooling air flow, ensure the mechanical retention of the ribbon subjected to the effects of thermal expansion and prevent short-circuits between parts of the ribbon in screw opposite. The box is in the form of a flat parallelepiped closed on its four vertical faces by plates intended to support the mechanical holding elements of the tape, the insulating elements and the electrical connection terminals. Ventilation is carried out by forced passage of air between the open upper and lower faces.
Pour remédier aux inconvénients présentés par les rhéostats en hélice et exposés ci-dessus, la présente invention propose une résistance de puissance dont le ruban résistif est du type de ceux utilisés pour les rhéostats refroidis par ventilation forcée, mais dont la structure est telle qu'elle permet une ventilation naturelle excellente de la résistance. Il est alors possible, pour un même volume, de remplacer les rhéostats en hélice par des rhéostats selon l'invention et de dissiper la même puissance.To overcome the drawbacks presented by the helical rheostats and set out above, the present invention proposes a power resistor whose resistive strip is of the type used for rheostats cooled by forced ventilation, but whose structure is such that it allows excellent natural ventilation of the resistance. It is then possible, for the same volume, to replace the helical rheostats with rheostats according to the invention and to dissipate the same power.
La résistance de puissance selon l'invention doit aussi être de faible coût, d'un montage facile, ne nécessitant pas en particulier d'intervention manuelle entre les plis de la bande résistive.The power resistor according to the invention must also be of low cost, of easy assembly, not requiring in particular manual intervention between the folds of the resistive strip.
L'invention a donc pour objet une résistance de puissance refroidie par convection naturelle comportant au moins un ruban résistif disposé dans un caisson assurant son maintien et supportant les connexions électriques au ruban, le maintien du ruban résistif étant réalisé par l'intermédiaire de supports-peignes retenant le ruban résistif par ses bords longitudinaux, disposé entre les dents de peignes isolant montés sur lesdits supports-peignes le caisson n'étant constitué que de deux flasques entretoisés par certains des supports-peignes, les autres supports-peignes étant montés flottants entre les flasques afin d'éviter de déformer les flasques sous l'effet des dilatations thermiques transmises par les supports-peignes.The invention therefore relates to a power resistor cooled by natural convection comprising at least at least one resistive tape placed in a box ensuring its maintenance and supporting the electrical connections to the tape, the resistive tape being maintained by means of comb supports retaining the resistive tape by its longitudinal edges, disposed between the teeth of insulating combs mounted on said comb supports, the box being made up of only two flanges braced by some of the comb supports, the other comb supports being mounted floating between the flanges in order to avoid deforming the flanges under the effect of thermal expansion transmitted by the comb holders.
La résistance peut comporter deux rubans résistifs superposés séparés par des supports-peignes communs.The resistance may include two resistive tapes superimposed separated by common comb supports.
Un support-peigne commun peut posséder un peigne isolant cylindrique percé d'un trou axial dans lequel s'engage une tige supportée à ses deux extrémités par les flasques du caisson.A common comb support may have a cylindrical insulating comb pierced with an axial hole in which engages a rod supported at its two ends by the flanges of the box.
Chaque ruban résistif peut avantageusement être une bande pliée en zigzag.Each resistive tape can advantageously be a strip folded in a zigzag.
Dans ce cas, la bande peut être constituée par des éléments métalliques formant un ou plusieurs plis, ces éléments étant soudés bout à bout pour constituer la bande.In this case, the strip can be formed by metallic elements forming one or more folds, these elements being welded end to end to constitute the strip.
Chaque ruban résistif peut avantageusement être un ruban épais. Ceci confère au ruban une bonne rigidité et on évite ainsi d'avoir à le gaufrer et il n'est pas utile de l'équiper de pions isolants pour empêcher les courts-circuits entre parties en vis-à-vis.Each resistive tape can advantageously be a thick tape. This gives the tape good rigidity and thus avoids having to emboss it and it is not useful to equip it with insulating pins to prevent short-circuits between opposite parts.
Les flasques peuvent être pourvus de douilles isolantes situées côté interne au caisson. Ceci permet d'éviter un éventuel court-circuit entre flasques et ruban résistif.The flanges can be fitted with insulating sleeves located on the inner side of the box. This avoids a possible short circuit between the flanges and the resistive tape.
Les flasques sont avantageusement pourvus de pattes destinées à la fixation du caisson.The flanges are advantageously provided with lugs intended for fixing the box.
Les connexions électriques peuvent être fixées aux flasques par l'intermédiaire d'isolateurs.The electrical connections can be fixed to the flanges by means of insulators.
Les flasques sont de préférence percés de trous d'aération. Ces trous permettent également de les alléger.The flanges are preferably pierced with ventilation holes. These holes also make it possible to lighten them.
L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres avantages et particularités apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif, accompagnée des dessins annexés parmi lesquels:
- la figure 1 est une vue de dessus d'une résistance de puissance selon l'invention,
- la figure 2 est une vue selon la direction II de la résistance de puissance de la figure 1,
- la figure 3 est une vue selon la direction III de la résistance de puissance de la figure 1,
- les figures 4 à 6 illustrent un support-peigne utilisable pour la résistance selon l'invention.
- FIG. 1 is a top view of a power resistor according to the invention,
- FIG. 2 is a view in direction II of the power resistor of FIG. 1,
- FIG. 3 is a view in direction III of the power resistance of FIG. 1,
- Figures 4 to 6 illustrate a comb support usable for the resistance according to the invention.
Les figures 1 à 3 illustrent une résistance de puissance utilisable comme rhéostat de puissance en traction ferroviaire.Figures 1 to 3 illustrate a power resistor usable as a power rheostat in rail traction.
La résistance comporte deux flasques parallèles 31 et 32 de forme rectangulaire. Les flasques sont entretoisés par quatre supports-peignes reliant chacun un coin d'un flasque au coin en vis-à-vis de l'autre flasque. La figure 1 montre deux supports-peignes supérieurs 33 et 34 vissés sur les flasques 31 et 32. La figure 2 permet de voir l'un des deux supports-peignes inférieurs 35 servant d'entretoise. La figure 3 montre sur le flasque 31 l'emplacement des trous 36 servant à la fixation des supports-peignes jouant le rôle d'entretoise.The resistance comprises two
Le caisson comporte deux autres supports-peignes intermédiaires 37 et 38 sur sa face supérieure et entre les supports-peignes 33 et 34. Deux autres supports-peignes intermédiaires non visibles correspondent aux supports-peignes 37 et 38 mais sur la face inférieure du caisson. Ces supports-peignes intermédiaires des faces supérieure et inférieure sont vissés sur le flasque 32. Les références 39 montrent l'emplacement des trous servant au vissage des supports-peignes 37 et 38. Ces supports-peignes ne sont pas fixés sur le flasque 31 mais sont simplement reliés à ce flasque par des axes goupillés passant dans des trous d'emplacements référencés 40 du flasque 31. A température ambiante il existe un jeu entre le flasque 31 et les plaques d'extrémités 41 et 42 des supports-peignes intermédiaires 37 et 38. Ce jeu évite que les flasques 31 et 32 ne se déforment lorsque les supports-peignes 37 et 38 se dilatent.The box has two other intermediate comb supports 37 and 38 on its upper face and between the comb supports 33 and 34. Two other non-visible intermediate comb supports correspond to the comb supports 37 and 38 but on the underside of the box. These intermediate comb supports of the upper and lower faces are screwed onto the
La résistance illustrée par les figures 1 à 3 comporte deux rubans résistifs 43 et 44 superposés. Chaque ruban résistif est constitué par une bande pliée en zigzag et s'étendant d'un flasque à l'autre, les plis étant parallèles aux flasques. Les supports-peignes 33, 34, 35, 37 et 38 sont donc disposés transversalement par rapport aux plis des rubans résistifs.The resistor illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3 comprises two
Le caisson comporte aussi des supports-peignes situés dans le plan médian entre les faces supérieure et inférieure du caisson pour maintenir les rubans résistifs 43 et 44 à ce niveau. Les figures 1 et 2 montrent l'un de ces supports-peignes médians référencé 45. Ces supports-peignes médians sont montés flottants par rapport aux flasques 31 et 32.The box also includes comb supports located in the median plane between the upper and lower faces of the box to maintain the
La résistance comporte deux connexions électriques destinées à l'insérer dans un circuit électrique. La figure 1 montre ces connexions 46 et 47 fixées par l'intermédiaire d'isolateurs aux flasques 31 et 32. Chaque connexion 46 ou 47 est fixée au flasque correspondant par deux isolateurs. Elles permettent de brancher les rubans résistifs en parallèle. Ainsi, la connexion 46 possède une branche 50 soudée d'une part sur l'une des extrémités du ruban résistif supérieur 43 et fixée d'autre part sur le flasque 31 par un isolateur 48. La connexion 46 possède une autre branche 51 soudée d'une part sur l'une des extrémités du ruban résistif inférieur 44 et fixée d'autre part sur le flasque 31 par un isolateur 52. Il en va de même pour la connexion 47 dont la figure 1 ne montre que l'isolateur 49 fixant sa branche supérieure au flasque 32.The resistor has two electrical connections intended to insert it into an electrical circuit. Figure 1 shows these
Le caisson comporte trois pattes de fixation permettant l'installation de la résistance dans un équipement. Deux pattes 53 et 54 sont soudées sur le flasque 31 et une patte 55 est soudée sur le flasque 32. L'ensemble de ces pattes de fixation délimite un triangle de sustentation pour le caisson.The box has three fixing lugs allowing the installation of the resistance in an equipment. Two
Les flasques 31 et 32 sont percés de trous permettant le logement de douilles isolantes 56 évitant tout court-circuit intempestif entre les flasques et les rubans résistifs.The
Les rubans résistifs sont par exemple réalisés en un alliage de nickel-chrome. En les choisissant suffisamment épais (par exemple 1,2mm d'épaisseur), on leur assure une bonne rigidité qui évite de trop fortes déformations lors des dilatations thermiques. Chaque ruban peut être constitué par soudage bout à bout d'éléments de bande résistive, chaque élément ayant une forme en W, c'est-à-dire comportant deux plis. La figure 1 montre sous la référence 57 une zone de soudure entre deux éléments bout à bout.The resistive tapes are for example made of a nickel-chromium alloy. By choosing them sufficiently thick (for example 1.2mm thick), they are provided with good rigidity which avoids excessive deformation during thermal expansion. Each strip can be formed by butt welding of resistive strip elements, each element having a W shape, that is to say comprising two plies. Figure 1 shows under reference 57 a weld zone between two end to end elements.
Les flasques sont percés de trous 58 (voir la figure 3) permettant une meilleure aération de la résistance et également un allègement du caisson.The flanges are pierced with holes 58 (see FIG. 3) allowing better aeration of the resistance and also a reduction in the weight of the box.
Les supports-peignes supérieurs et inférieurs peuvent être du type illustré par les figures 4 à 6.The upper and lower comb supports can be of the type illustrated in FIGS. 4 to 6.
La figure 4 montre un peigne élémentaire 1 en céramique isolante, par exemple en stéatite ou en cordiérite. Il est pourvu en partie basse de deux rainures latérales 2 et 3 effectuées sur toute sa longueur. Sa partie haute est pourvue de dents 4 entre lesquelles on disposera le ruban résistif. On remarque que l'une des extrémités du peigne, l'extrémité 5, ne possède que sa partie basse tandis que l'autre extrémité, l'extrémité 6, ne possède que sa partie haute.FIG. 4 shows an elementary comb 1 made of insulating ceramic, for example soapstone or cordierite. It is provided in the lower part with two lateral grooves 2 and 3 made over its entire length. Its upper part is provided with teeth 4 between which the resistive tape will be placed. Note that one end of the comb, the
La figure 5 montre un support-peigne complet. Il comprend un support métallique 10 qui est un profil en acier inoxydable de section en forme de U possédant des bords 11, 12 rabattus vers l'intérieur. Le support métallique 10 est pourvu de plaques d'extrémité 13, 14 disposées transversalement. Ces plaques, également en acier inoxydable, sont soudées sur le support 10. La plaque 13 ferme l'ouverture que présente le support à cette extrémité. La plaque 14 par contre possède une découpe 15 permettant de laisser libre l'ouverture que présente le support à cette extrémité (voir la figure 6).Figure 5 shows a full comb holder. It comprises a
Les plaques 13 et 14 permettent la fixation du support 10 sur les flasques. La plaque 13 comporte deux trous taraudés 16 permettant sa fixation par vissage sur le flasque 32. La plaque 14 comporte également des trous taraudés pour la fixation sur le flasque 31 lorsque les supports-peignes sont ceux placés dans les coins des flasques. S'il s'agit des supports-peignes intermédiaires, la plaque 14 comporte deux trous 17 permettant une liaison avec un certain jeu par rapport au flasque 31 grâce à un axe goupillé. Ce jeu permet au support 10 de se dilater sous l'effet des contraintes thermiques sans déformer la structure du rhéostat et sans se déformer lui-même.The
Le montage des peignes élémentaires sur le support se fait rapidement et facilement en faisant glisser les peignes élémentaires dans le support à partir de son extrémité ouverte, les rebords rabattus 11, 12 du support pénétrant dans les rainures 2 et 3 des peignes. La plaque d'extrémité 13 sert de butée pour les peignes élémentaires.The assembly of the elementary combs on the support is done quickly and easily by sliding the elementary combs in the support from its open end, the folded
Le support-peigne comporte des peignes 1 identiques entre eux et des peignes d'extrémité 21 et 22. Les peignes 1 sont mis bout à bout de façon que l'extrémité 6 d'un peigne chevauche l'extrémité 5 du peigne adjacent. Les peignes d'extrémité du support 21 et 22 sont différents des peignes 1. En effet, l'extrémité du peigne 22 adjacente à la plaque 13 et l'extrémité du peigne 21 adjacente à la plaque 14 n'ont pas à être conjuguées avec des extrémités de peignes adjacents. Par contre, leurs autres extrémités ont des formes permettant de réaliser un chevauchement avec les peignes 1 adjacents.The comb support comprises combs 1 identical to each other and end combs 21 and 22. The combs 1 are placed end to end so that the
Les longueurs des peignes élémentaires sont prévues pour que, quelle que soit la température de fonctionnement du rhéostat, il y ait toujours chevauchement de deux peignes adjacents. La protection diélectrique contre les lignes de fuite électrique entre ruban résistif et support de peigne est donc toujours assurée.The lengths of the elementary combs are provided so that, whatever the operating temperature of the rheostat, there is always an overlap of two adjacent combs. Dielectric protection against electrical leakage lines between resistive tape and comb support is therefore always ensured.
Les peignes élémentaires, y compris les peignes d'extrémité de support, peuvent être de longueurs différentes de manière à réaliser toutes les combinaisons possibles.The elementary combs, including the support end combs, can be of different lengths so as to make all the possible combinations.
Les supports-peignes médians sont montés flottants par rapport aux flasques 31 et 32. La figure 2 détaille la constitution d'un support-peigne médian 45. Celui-ci comprend une succession de peignes élémentaires en céramique isolante tels les peignes 61 et 62 de forme tubulaire. Ils sont percés d'un trou axial permettant le passage d'une tige métallique 63 suffisamment longue pour traverser les deux flasques. Des pièces 64 en forme d'oméga ont chacune leur partie centrale logée dans une ouverture rectangulaire pratiquée dans les flasques 31 et 32 et sont donc bloquées en rotation. Les tiges 63 débouchent dans des trous prévus dans les parties centrales des pièces 64 et sont bloquées en translation par des ensembles de rondelles et de clavettes.The median comb supports are mounted floating relative to the
Les peignes, tels ceux référencés 61 et 62, sont pourvus d'un méplat interne à chaque ouverture de leur trou axial. Côté flasque 32, la pièce 64 pénètre partiellement dans le trou axial du peigne et se loge dans un méplat de forme conjuguée. Entre deux peignes successifs, tels les peignes 61 et 62, une pièce intermédiaire en céramique isolante est logée dans la cavité constituée par les méplats en vis-à-vis des peignes 61 et 62 et bloque toute possibilité de rotation autour de la tige 63 d'un peigne par rapport à l'autre. L'ensemble du support-peigne médian ne peut donc pas tourner sur lui-même.Combs, such as those referenced 61 and 62, are provided with an internal flat at each opening of their axial hole.
Claims (10)
- Power resistor cooled by natural convection including at least one resistive strip (43, 44) disposed in a box section constituted of two flanges (31, 32) supporting said resistive strip through the intermediary of support comb assemblies and supporting electrical connections to said resistive strip; characterised in that:- said box section is spaced apart by only some of said support comb assemblies (33, 34, 35), the other support comb assemblies (37, 38, 45) being mounted floating between said flanges so that the flanges are not deformed due to thermal expansion transmitted through the support comb assemblies, all of said support comb assemblies (33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 45) holding said resistive strip by its longitudinal edges disposed between the teeth (4) of insulative comb members (1) mounted on said support comb assemblies.
- Resistor according to claim 1 characterised in that it includes two stacked resistive strips (43, 44) separated by common support comb assemblies (45).
- Resistor according to claim 2 characterised in that a common support comb assembly (45) includes a cylindrical insulative comb member (61, 62) with an axial hole through it in which is inserted a rod (63) supported at opposite ends by the flanges (31, 32) of the box section.
- Resistor according to any one of claims 1 to 3 characterised in that each resistive strip is bent into a zigzag.
- Resistor according to claim 4 characterised in that said strip is constituted of metal elements with one or more bends welded together end to end to constitute the strip.
- Resistor according to any one of claims 1 to 5 characterised in that each resistive strip is a thick strip.
- Resistor according to any one of claims 1 to 6 characterised in that the flanges have insulative bushes (56) on the inside of the box section.
- Resistor according to any one of claims 1 to 7 characterised in that the flanges have lugs (53, 54, 55) for fixing the box section.
- Resistor according to any one of claims 1 to 8 characterised in that the electrical connections (46, 47) are fixed to the flanges by means of insulators (48, 49, 52).
- Resistor according to any one of the preceding claims characterised in that the flanges (31, 32) incorporate ventilation holes (58).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9305088 | 1993-04-29 | ||
FR9305088A FR2704682B1 (en) | 1993-04-29 | 1993-04-29 | Power resistance with natural convection. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0622812A1 EP0622812A1 (en) | 1994-11-02 |
EP0622812B1 true EP0622812B1 (en) | 1996-05-15 |
Family
ID=9446581
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94400909A Expired - Lifetime EP0622812B1 (en) | 1993-04-29 | 1994-04-27 | Powerresistor with natural convection |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0622812B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100297479B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE138221T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69400184T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2086988T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2704682B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2740923B1 (en) * | 1995-11-08 | 1997-12-19 | Alsthom Cge Alcatel | STARTING AND / OR BRAKING RHEOSTAT ALLOWING THERMAL DISSIPATION OF ELECTRIC POWER THROUGHOUT |
GB9924903D0 (en) * | 1999-10-22 | 1999-12-22 | Eaton Ltd | Cooling resistor banks |
KR100977184B1 (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2010-08-20 | 백용호 | Coil resistor for train |
CN103280282B (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2016-04-13 | 北京天诚同创电气有限公司 | For the brake resistance of current transformer of wind-driven generator |
DE102020202249A1 (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2021-08-26 | Siemens Mobility GmbH | Braking resistor for a vehicle |
CN113704971B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2022-11-18 | 西安铁路信号有限责任公司 | Multilayer resistance band isothermal rise calculation method |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE967834C (en) * | 1940-08-24 | 1957-12-19 | Siemens Ag | Resistance arrangement, especially for starters |
US3697923A (en) * | 1971-09-13 | 1972-10-10 | Hubbell Inc Harvey | Ribbon resistor with supporting means |
US4100526A (en) * | 1977-02-24 | 1978-07-11 | Mosebach Manufacturing Company | Grid resistor |
DE4008422A1 (en) * | 1990-03-16 | 1991-09-19 | Asea Brown Boveri | Electrical power resistor for thyristor - has folded strip resistor elements in housing with circulated cooling fluid |
US5165052A (en) * | 1991-04-25 | 1992-11-17 | Mosebach Manufacturing Company | Slide-in resistor grid |
-
1993
- 1993-04-29 FR FR9305088A patent/FR2704682B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-04-27 ES ES94400909T patent/ES2086988T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-04-27 EP EP94400909A patent/EP0622812B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-04-27 DE DE69400184T patent/DE69400184T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-04-27 AT AT94400909T patent/ATE138221T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-04-28 KR KR1019940009079A patent/KR100297479B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR100297479B1 (en) | 2001-10-24 |
FR2704682B1 (en) | 1995-06-02 |
ATE138221T1 (en) | 1996-06-15 |
FR2704682A1 (en) | 1994-11-04 |
DE69400184D1 (en) | 1996-06-20 |
ES2086988T3 (en) | 1996-07-01 |
EP0622812A1 (en) | 1994-11-02 |
DE69400184T2 (en) | 1996-10-02 |
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