EP0373052A1 - Support element for a transmission line, especially for a triplate line - Google Patents

Support element for a transmission line, especially for a triplate line Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0373052A1
EP0373052A1 EP89403340A EP89403340A EP0373052A1 EP 0373052 A1 EP0373052 A1 EP 0373052A1 EP 89403340 A EP89403340 A EP 89403340A EP 89403340 A EP89403340 A EP 89403340A EP 0373052 A1 EP0373052 A1 EP 0373052A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dielectric material
strip
line
ribbon
support
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Application number
EP89403340A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
François Devaux
Pierre Le Corre
Antoine Pereira
Jean Poitevin
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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Publication of EP0373052A1 publication Critical patent/EP0373052A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P3/02—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type with two longitudinal conductors
    • H01P3/08—Microstrips; Strip lines
    • H01P3/085—Triplate lines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a support for microwave transmission line with conductive tape, in particular of the triplate type.
  • Such supports are known, in particular in the field of air triplate lines. These supports are intended to provide mechanical support for the interior conductor of the line and are arranged as a spacer between the ground planes or between a ground plane and the interior conductor.
  • the present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks.
  • It relates to a support for microwave line of reduced mass and volume integrated into the impedance of the line and ensuring excellent resistance to vibrations and minimized disturbance of propagation in the transmission line.
  • a support for microwave transmission line with conductive tape in particular of the triplate type, characterized in that it comprises a tape made of dielectric material folded in accordion, each fold having a longitudinal slot so as to be able inserting the ribbon of said line into said accordion support and the width of the slot being adapted to the thickness of said ribbon of the line, and protrusions protruding from at least one side of the ribbon to ensure the positioning of the ribbon of dielectric material and of the line that it supports with respect to at least one ground plane against which it is supported by said side, these protrusions coming lodge in corresponding holes of said ground plane.
  • FIG. 1 partially represents, in perspective, a conductive strip 1 of a microwave transmission line which is mechanically held by a support essentially consisting of a strip 2 of dielectric material such as that known under the brand Mylar.
  • This ribbon 2 is folded in an accordion and has longitudinal slots 21 arranged in the center of the folds of the ribbon. These slots have a width corresponding to the thickness of the conductive tape 1 of the line to be maintained and a length allowing the pleats to be arranged with a given angle relative to a transverse plane perpendicular to the axis of the tape 1.
  • a transmission line of the air triplate type comprising an internal conductive tape 1 kept equal distance between two parallel ground planes 3 and 4, without this in any way limiting the invention.
  • dotted lines 20 are cut which allow the ribbon 2 to be folded after machining without the need for any tools. Folding can for example be done manually. When the folds are tight against each other, it is very easy to thread the conductive tape 1 into the slots 21. When the folds are released, due to the elasticity of the material, the support takes the form shown in FIG. 1 with the folds apart from each other.
  • the strip of dielectric material 2 has on each side of the protuberances 22 cut from the same material at the same time as the rest of the ribbon 2. These protuberances 22 are preferably arranged at the bending angles and they are designed to engage in holes corresponding 10, 10 ′ of the ground planes 3, 4 (partially shown) to ensure the positioning of the assembly.
  • the width of the strip 2 is chosen so that, the protrusions being engaged in the corresponding holes of the ground planes, the sides of the strip 2 are substantially in contact with the ground planes. This ensures very efficient and precise mechanical maintenance of the transmission line, with excellent resistance to vibrations.
  • the protuberances 22 may only be provided on one side of the conductive strip 1, that is to say at a folding angle in two. One could also imagine placing these outgrowths at other points on the sides of the tape than the folding angles. On the other hand, it is also possible to give these protuberances 22 shapes such that they can engage with snap-fastening in the holes of the ground planes, the support then contributing to the mechanical maintenance of the ground planes.
  • the support to be used for the three-ply lines must meet the following criteria: - ensure proper centering of the line; - maintain vibration; - allow the thermal expansions of the line, particularly if the interior conductive tapes and the ground planes are not made of the same conductive material; - use little dielectric to minimize losses.
  • the support according to the invention fulfills all these criteria. But it brings many additional advantages: - it is integrated into the line impedance; - The protuberances 22 provide centering and can also allow the support to be fixed by snap-fastening; - the support is ventilated and allows good cooling of the line.
  • Figure 2 shows a fold of the support 2 seen from the front. It can be seen that the central part of the slot 21 is widened by a clearance 23, which decreases the amount of dielectric material and allows the circulation of air.
  • FIG. 3 represents another variant of support according to the invention in which the slots 121 are displaced so as to be arranged astride a folding angle on two of the strip 102.
  • This support also furthermore comprises folding dotted lines 120 and centering and fixing protuberances 122, which exist here only on the side opposite to the slots.
  • Such a support is particularly useful for maintaining closed lines, as can be seen in Figure 4.
  • an inner conductive ring tape 30 having accesses 31.
  • the support 102 is inscribed inside the ring, centering holes 110 being made only in the center of the ring, in correspondence with the protuberances 122.
  • the production of the supports according to the invention can be done with tight tolerances by machining the Mylar strip, for example by laser ensuring the cutting of the tape with its protuberances and slots and dots.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a support for a microwave transmission line incorporating a conductive strip, especially of the triplate type. …<??>The support comprises a strip (2) of dielectric material folded into an accordion shape. Each fold comprises a central longitudinal slit (21). The internal conductive strip (1) of the line is passed into these slits and the ground planes are in contact with the sides of the strip (2). These sides carry protuberances (22) which are engaged into corresponding holes of the ground planes to provide the centring and the fixing of the support. …<??>The invention is particularly applied to air triplate lines.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un support pour ligne de transmission hyperfréquence à ruban conducteur, notamment du type triplaque.The present invention relates to a support for microwave transmission line with conductive tape, in particular of the triplate type.

On connaît de tels supports, en particulier dans le domaine des lignes triplaques à air. Ces supports sont destinés à assurer le soutien mécanique du conducteur intérieur de la ligne et sont disposés en entretoise entre les plans de masse ou entre un plan de masse et le conducteur intérieur.Such supports are known, in particular in the field of air triplate lines. These supports are intended to provide mechanical support for the interior conductor of the line and are arranged as a spacer between the ground planes or between a ground plane and the interior conductor.

Des supports de ce type sont décrits par exemple dans le brevet français N° 1 573 432 ou dans la demande de brevet français N° 88 03682 déposée le 22 mars 1988. Cependant ces supports ont un volume et une masse importants, ce qui devient un inconvénient majeur lorsque la ligne fonctionne en champ, car ces supports perturbent le champ. De plus leur disposition le long de la ligne amène des défauts localisés suivant le pas choisi. Enfin, la quantité de diélectrique utilisée entraîne un certain niveau de perte qu'on ne peut réduire.Supports of this type are described for example in French patent No. 1,573,432 or in French patent application No. 88,03682 filed March 22, 1988. However, these supports have a large volume and mass, which becomes a major drawback when the line operates in the field, because these supports disturb the field. In addition, their arrangement along the line leads to localized defects according to the chosen pitch. Finally, the amount of dielectric used leads to a certain level of loss which cannot be reduced.

La présente invention a pour but de remédier à ces inconvénients.The present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks.

Elle a pour objet un support pour ligne hyperfréquence de masse et de volume réduits intégré à l'impédance de la ligne et assurant une excellente tenue aux vibrations et une perturbation minimisée de la propagation dans la ligne de transmission.It relates to a support for microwave line of reduced mass and volume integrated into the impedance of the line and ensuring excellent resistance to vibrations and minimized disturbance of propagation in the transmission line.

Selon l'invention, il est prévu un support pour ligne de transmission hyperfréquence à ruban conducteur, notamment du type triplaque, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un ruban en matériau diélectrique replié en accordéon, chaque pli comportant une fente longitudinale de façon à pouvoir insérer le ruban de ladite ligne dans ledit support en accordéon et la largeur de la fente étant adaptée à l'épaisseur dudit ruban de la ligne, et des excroissances dépassant d'au moins un côté du ruban pour assurer le positionnement du ruban en matériau diélectrique et de la ligne qu'il supporte par rapport à au moins un plan de masse contre lequel il s'appuie par ledit côté, ces excroissances venant se loger dans des trous correspondants dudit plan de masse.According to the invention, there is provided a support for microwave transmission line with conductive tape, in particular of the triplate type, characterized in that it comprises a tape made of dielectric material folded in accordion, each fold having a longitudinal slot so as to be able inserting the ribbon of said line into said accordion support and the width of the slot being adapted to the thickness of said ribbon of the line, and protrusions protruding from at least one side of the ribbon to ensure the positioning of the ribbon of dielectric material and of the line that it supports with respect to at least one ground plane against which it is supported by said side, these protrusions coming lodge in corresponding holes of said ground plane.

L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres caractéristiques et avantages apparaîtront à l'aide de la description ci-après et des dessins joints où :

  • - la figure 1 représente partiellement, en perspective, le support selon l'invention avec le ruban conducteur qu'il maintient ;
  • - la figure 2 est une vue d'une première variante d'un pli du support selon l'invention ;
  • - la figure 3 est une vue en perspective d'une deuxième variante de support selon l'invention ; et
  • - la figure 4 représente, vue de dessus, une ligne fermée maintenue par le support de la figure 3.
The invention will be better understood and other characteristics and advantages will emerge from the following description and the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • - Figure 1 partially shows, in perspective, the support according to the invention with the conductive tape it maintains;
  • - Figure 2 is a view of a first variant of a fold of the support according to the invention;
  • - Figure 3 is a perspective view of a second alternative form of support according to the invention; and
  • FIG. 4 represents, seen from above, a closed line maintained by the support of FIG. 3.

Les mêmes éléments sont désignés par les mêmes références sur toutes les figures.The same elements are designated by the same references in all the figures.

La figure 1 représente partiellement, en perspective, un ruban conducteur 1 d'une ligne de transmission hyperfréquence qui est maintenu mécaniquement par un support constitué essentiellement d'un ruban 2 en matériau diélectrique tel que celui connu sous la marque Mylar. Ce ruban 2 est plié en accordéon et comporte des fentes longitudinales 21 disposées au centre des plis du ruban. Ces fentes ont une largeur correspondant à l'épaisseur du ruban conducteur 1 de la ligne à maintenir et une longueur permettant aux plis d'être disposés avec un angle donné par rapport à un plan transversal perpendiculaire à l'axe du ruban 1. On supposera ici qu'on considère le cas d'une ligne de transmission du type triplaque à air comportant un ruban conducteur intérieur 1 maintenu à égale distance entre deux plans de masse parallèles 3 et 4, sans que cela soit en rien limitatif de l'invention.FIG. 1 partially represents, in perspective, a conductive strip 1 of a microwave transmission line which is mechanically held by a support essentially consisting of a strip 2 of dielectric material such as that known under the brand Mylar. This ribbon 2 is folded in an accordion and has longitudinal slots 21 arranged in the center of the folds of the ribbon. These slots have a width corresponding to the thickness of the conductive tape 1 of the line to be maintained and a length allowing the pleats to be arranged with a given angle relative to a transverse plane perpendicular to the axis of the tape 1. We will assume here we consider the case of a transmission line of the air triplate type comprising an internal conductive tape 1 kept equal distance between two parallel ground planes 3 and 4, without this in any way limiting the invention.

A chaque angle de pliage sont découpés des pointillés 20 qui permettent de plier le ruban 2 après usinage sans avoir besoin d'aucun outillage. Le pliage peut par exemple être fait manuellement. Lorsque les plis sont serrés les uns contre les autres on peut très facilement enfiler le ruban conducteur 1 dans les fentes 21. Lorsque l'on relâche les plis, en raison de l'élasticité du matériau le support prend la forme représentée sur la figure 1 avec les plis écartés les uns des autres. Le ruban en matériau diélectrique 2 comporte de chaque côté des excroissances 22 découpées dans le même matériau en même temps que le reste du ruban 2. Ces excroissances 22 sont de préférence disposées aux angles de pliage et elles sont prévues pour s'engager dans des trous correspondants 10, 10′ des plans de masse 3, 4 (représentés partiellement) pour assurer le positionnement de l'ensemble. La largeur du ruban 2 est choisie pour que, les excroissances étant engagées dans les trous correspondants des plans de masse, les côtés du ruban 2 soient sensiblement en contact avec les plans de masse. Ceci assure un maintien mécanique très efficace et précis de la ligne de transmission, avec un excellente tenue aux vibrations. Naturellement les excroissances 22 peuvent n'être prévues que d'un côté du ruban conducteur 1, c'est-à-dire à un angle de pliage sur deux. On pourrait également imaginer de placer ces excroissances en d'autres points des côtés du ruban que les angles de pliage. D'autre part, il est également possible de donner à ces excroissances 22 des formes telles qu'elles puissent s'engager avec encliquetage dans les trous des plans de masse, le support contribuant alors au maintien mécanique des plans de masse.At each folding angle, dotted lines 20 are cut which allow the ribbon 2 to be folded after machining without the need for any tools. Folding can for example be done manually. When the folds are tight against each other, it is very easy to thread the conductive tape 1 into the slots 21. When the folds are released, due to the elasticity of the material, the support takes the form shown in FIG. 1 with the folds apart from each other. The strip of dielectric material 2 has on each side of the protuberances 22 cut from the same material at the same time as the rest of the ribbon 2. These protuberances 22 are preferably arranged at the bending angles and they are designed to engage in holes corresponding 10, 10 ′ of the ground planes 3, 4 (partially shown) to ensure the positioning of the assembly. The width of the strip 2 is chosen so that, the protrusions being engaged in the corresponding holes of the ground planes, the sides of the strip 2 are substantially in contact with the ground planes. This ensures very efficient and precise mechanical maintenance of the transmission line, with excellent resistance to vibrations. Naturally, the protuberances 22 may only be provided on one side of the conductive strip 1, that is to say at a folding angle in two. One could also imagine placing these outgrowths at other points on the sides of the tape than the folding angles. On the other hand, it is also possible to give these protuberances 22 shapes such that they can engage with snap-fastening in the holes of the ground planes, the support then contributing to the mechanical maintenance of the ground planes.

Le support à utiliser pour les lignes triplaques doit répondre aux critères suivants :
- assurer un bon centrage de la ligne ;
- assurer le maintien en vibrations ;
- permettre les dilatations thermiques de la ligne, particulièrement si les rubans conducteurs intérieurs et les plans de masse ne sont pas constitués du même matériau conducteur ;
- utiliser peu de diélectrique pour minimiser les pertes.The support to be used for the three-ply lines must meet the following criteria:
- ensure proper centering of the line;
- maintain vibration;
- allow the thermal expansions of the line, particularly if the interior conductive tapes and the ground planes are not made of the same conductive material;
- use little dielectric to minimize losses.

Il est clair que le support selon l'invention remplit tous ces critères. Mais il apporte de nombreux avantages en plus :
- il est intégré à l'impédance de la ligne ;
- les excroissances 22 assurent le centrage et peuvent permettre de plus la fixation du support par encliquetage ;
- le support est aéré et permet un bon refroidissement de la ligne.It is clear that the support according to the invention fulfills all these criteria. But it brings many additional advantages:
- it is integrated into the line impedance;
- The protuberances 22 provide centering and can also allow the support to be fixed by snap-fastening;
- the support is ventilated and allows good cooling of the line.

Si l'on veut améliorer encore ce refroidissement et en même temps alléger le support et diminuer les pertes, on peut utiliser la variante de réalisation de la figure 2 qui représente un pli du support 2 vu de face. On voit que la partie centrale de la fente 21 est élargie par un dégagement 23, qui diminue la quantité de matériau diélectrique et permet la circulation de l'air.If we want to further improve this cooling and at the same time lighten the support and reduce losses, we can use the alternative embodiment of Figure 2 which shows a fold of the support 2 seen from the front. It can be seen that the central part of the slot 21 is widened by a clearance 23, which decreases the amount of dielectric material and allows the circulation of air.

La figure 3 représente une autre variante de support selon l'invention dans laquelle les fentes 121 sont déplacées pour être disposées à cheval sur un angle de pliage sur deux du ruban 102. Ainsi le ruban conducteur à supporter n'a plus à être enfilé dans le support mais peut y être inséré par l'extérieur, latéralement. Ce support comporte toujours par ailleurs des pointillés de pliage 120 et des excroissances de centrage et fixation 122, qui n'existent ici que du côté opposé aux fentes.FIG. 3 represents another variant of support according to the invention in which the slots 121 are displaced so as to be arranged astride a folding angle on two of the strip 102. Thus the conductive strip to be supported no longer has to be threaded into the support but can be inserted from the outside, laterally. This support also furthermore comprises folding dotted lines 120 and centering and fixing protuberances 122, which exist here only on the side opposite to the slots.

Un tel support est particulièrement utile pour le maintien de lignes fermées, comme on peut le voir sur la figure 4. On y a représenté un ruban conducteur intérieur en anneau 30 ayant des accès 31. Le support 102 est inscrit à l'intérieur de l'anneau, les trous de centrage 110 étant réalisés seulement au centre de l'anneau, en correspondance avec les excroissances 122.Such a support is particularly useful for maintaining closed lines, as can be seen in Figure 4. There is shown an inner conductive ring tape 30 having accesses 31. The support 102 is inscribed inside the ring, centering holes 110 being made only in the center of the ring, in correspondence with the protuberances 122.

La réalisation des supports selon l'invention peut se faire avec des tolérances serrées en usinant la bande de Mylar par exemple par laser assurant le découpage du ruban avec ses excroissances et des fentes et pointillés.The production of the supports according to the invention can be done with tight tolerances by machining the Mylar strip, for example by laser ensuring the cutting of the tape with its protuberances and slots and dots.

Bien entendu, les exemples de réalisation décrits ne sont nullement limitatifs de l'invention.Of course, the embodiments described are in no way limitative of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. Support pour ligne de transmission hyperfréquence à ruban conducteur, notamment du type triplaque, présentant une structure périodique en matériau diélectrique, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un ruban en matériau diélectrique (2 ; 102) replié en accordéon, chaque pli comportant une fente longitudinale (21 ; 121) de façon à pouvoir insérer le ruban(1 ; 30) de ladite ligne dans ledit support en accordéon et la largeur de la fente étant adaptée à l'épaisseur dudit ruban de la ligne, et des excroissances (22 ; 122) dépassant d'au moins un côté du ruban pour assurer le positionnement du ruban en matériau diélectrique et de la ligne qu'il supporte par rapport à au moins un plan de masse (3, 4) contre lequel il s'appuie par ledit côté, ces excroissances venant se loger dans des trous correspondants (10 ; 110) dudit plan de masse.1. Support for microwave transmission line with conductive tape, in particular of the triplate type, having a periodic structure of dielectric material, characterized in that it comprises a tape of dielectric material (2; 102) folded in accordion, each fold comprising a longitudinal slot (21; 121) so as to be able to insert the ribbon (1; 30) of said line into said accordion support and the width of the slot being adapted to the thickness of said line ribbon, and the protuberances (22 ; 122) projecting from at least one side of the ribbon to ensure the positioning of the ribbon of dielectric material and of the line which it supports with respect to at least one ground plane (3, 4) against which it bears said side, these protuberances coming to be housed in corresponding holes (10; 110) of said ground plane. 2. Support selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdites fentes (21) sont fermées et disposées centralement dans chaque pli, ledit ruban de ligne (1) étant ouvert de sorte qu'il peut être enfilé dans les fentes dudit support.2. Support according to claim 1, characterized in that said slots (21) are closed and arranged centrally in each fold, said line ribbon (1) being open so that it can be threaded into the slots of said support. 3. Support selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que chaque fente (21) comporte une partie centrale élargie (23).3. Support according to claim 2, characterized in that each slot (21) has an enlarged central part (23). 4. Support selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdites fentes longitudinales (121) sont disposées à cheval sur un angle de pliage sur deux dudit ruban en matériau diélectrique (102) le long du plan médian de celui-ci, ledit ruban de ligne (30) pouvant ainsi être inséré dans lesdites fentes par l'extérieur même si ladite ligne de transmission hyperfréquence est fermée.4. Support according to claim 1, characterized in that said longitudinal slots (121) are arranged astride a folding angle on two of said strip of dielectric material (102) along the median plane thereof, said strip of line (30) can thus be inserted into said slots from the outside even if said microwave transmission line is closed. 5. Support selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que ledit ruban en matériau diélectrique (2 ; 102) comporte des pointillés (20 ; 120) formés le long de chaque angle de pliage pour permettre la mise en forme dudit ruban.5. Support according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said strip of dielectric material (2; 102) has dotted lines (20; 120) formed along each folding angle to allow shaping said ribbon. 6. Support selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, pour ligne triplaque comportant un ruban conducteur central (1) entre deux plans de masse parallèles (3, 4), caractérisé en ce que ledit ruban en matériau diélectrique (2 ; 102) comporte des excroissances (22) sur chacun de ses côtés, ces excroissances coopérant avec des trous correspondants (10, 10′) dans lesdits plans de masse (3, 4) et la largeur du ruban en matériau diélectrique étant choisie pour assurer l'espacement convenable des plans de masse et du ruban conducteur central lorsque ces plans sont en contact avec les côtés correspondants du ruban en matériau diélectrique.6. Support according to any one of claims 1 to 5, for three-ply line comprising a central conductive strip (1) between two parallel ground planes (3, 4), characterized in that said strip of dielectric material (2; 102 ) has protuberances (22) on each of its sides, these protrusions cooperating with corresponding holes (10, 10 ′) in said ground planes (3, 4) and the width of the strip of dielectric material being chosen to ensure the suitable spacing of the ground planes and of the central conductive strip when these planes are in contact with the corresponding sides of the strip of dielectric material. 7. Support selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que lesdites excroissances (22) sont disposées à chaque angle de pliage du ruban en matériau diélectrique (2).7. Support according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said protuberances (22) are arranged at each angle of folding of the ribbon of dielectric material (2). 8. Support selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que lesdites excroissances (122) sont disposées à chacun des angles de pliage du ruban en matériau diélectrique (102) qui ne présentent pas de fentes (121).8. Support according to claim 3, characterized in that said protuberances (122) are arranged at each of the folding angles of the ribbon of dielectric material (102) which do not have slots (121). 9. Support selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que lesdites excroissances (22 ; 122) ont une forme telle qu'elles permettent la fixation dudit ruban en matériau diélectrique (2 ; 102) par encliquetage dans les trous correspondants (10) du ou des plans de masse.9. Support according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that said protuberances (22; 122) have a shape such that they allow the fixing of said strip of dielectric material (2; 102) by snap-fastening in the holes corresponding (10) of the ground plan (s). 10. Support selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que ledit ruban en matériau diélectrique (2 ; 102) est en Mylar.10. Support according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said strip of dielectric material (2; 102) is made of Mylar.
EP89403340A 1988-12-06 1989-12-01 Support element for a transmission line, especially for a triplate line Withdrawn EP0373052A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8815953A FR2640083B1 (en) 1988-12-06 1988-12-06 SUPPORT FOR MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION LINE, ESPECIALLY OF THE PLATE TYPE
FR8815953 1988-12-06

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EP0373052A1 true EP0373052A1 (en) 1990-06-13

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EP89403340A Withdrawn EP0373052A1 (en) 1988-12-06 1989-12-01 Support element for a transmission line, especially for a triplate line

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EP (1) EP0373052A1 (en)
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FR2640083A1 (en) 1990-06-08
FR2640083B1 (en) 1991-05-03
US5072201A (en) 1991-12-10

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