CN113704971B - Multilayer resistance band isothermal rise calculation method - Google Patents
Multilayer resistance band isothermal rise calculation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a heat dissipation technology of a brake resistor device, in particular to a temperature rise calculation method of a multilayer resistor band, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the resistance bands are arranged in parallel along the flowing direction of cooling air; the heat generated by the resistor belts and the cooling air are subjected to convection heat exchange through the braking current, the heat generated by the resistor belts is taken away, and the temperature rise of each resistor belt is equal under the stable working condition by adjusting the distribution power of each resistor belt. The invention aims to provide an equal-temperature-rise calculation method for a multilayer resistance band, which can provide a multilayer resistance band structure with equal temperature rise. The multilayer resistance band isothermal rise calculation method has the advantages of less input data and simple calculation, and compared with a simple qualitative analysis method or a simple test method, the calculation process is faster and the design result is more accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a heat dissipation technology of a brake resistor device, in particular to a temperature rise calculation method of a multilayer resistor band and the like.
Background
The brake resistor device is suitable for diesel locomotives, electric locomotives, light rail locomotives, bullet trains and the like. When the locomotive brakes, the traction motor is converted from a series-excitation electric working condition to a separately-excitation power generation working condition, at the moment, the kinetic energy of the locomotive is converted into electric energy, the generated electric energy is converted into heat energy through a resistance band of a brake resistance device, the heat energy is taken away and dissipated in the atmosphere by cooling air flowing through a resistor, and meanwhile, an armature winding generates reverse braking force to decelerate the wheel pair.
When the brake resistor device works, a large amount of heat can be generated on the resistor band, and if the heat dissipation is poor, the resistor band can be overheated, burnt or even ablated, so that the brake resistor device has the faults of open circuit and short circuit. Therefore, the brake resistor device with high power can select a fan to perform forced air cooling on the resistor band. Cooling air flows through the thin resistance bands arranged in parallel under the driving of the fan, convection heat exchange occurs, the temperature of the air rises, and heat generated by the resistance bands is taken away.
As shown in fig. 1, it shows a schematic structural diagram of a conventional braking resistor device, which is mainly composed of a plurality of resistor strips arranged in parallel along the flow direction of cooling air. The resistance band is a uniform band-shaped structure processed by high-resistance electrothermal alloy. The resistive bands are typically evenly distributed. When the brake resistor device works, current passes through the resistor band, and the resistor band converts electric energy into heat energy. Cooling air 101 is blown over and cools the individual resistance strips from one side.
In the conventional braking resistor device, the power on each resistor band is equal, that is, the generated heat is equal. Since the cooling air 101 is heated when flowing through the upstream 1 st resistance band 102 and then flows through and cools the following resistance band, the temperature rise of the following resistance band is higher than that of the upstream 1 st resistance band 102 according to the heat transfer theory, and the maximum temperature rise is reached at the last resistance band, i.e. the upstream N-th resistance band 104. Such temperature rise differences can adversely affect the brake resistor arrangement, including but not limited to: the temperature rise margin of the resistance band close to the fan is large, and the material cost is increased; the uneven temperature rise causes local overheating, burning and even ablation of the resistance belt, so that the faults of open circuit and short circuit of the brake resistance device occur.
In the design of a common brake resistor device, the power of each resistor band is basically consistent, so when forced air cooling reaches a stable state, the temperature difference between the resistor band close to a fan and cooling air is large, the heat exchange is good, and the temperature rise is much smaller than that of the resistor band far away from the fan. If the maximum temperature rise of all resistance bands in the braking resistance device is taken as a design criterion, a large margin is left for the temperature rise of the resistance bands close to the fan, so that the cost is increased, and the uneven temperature rise can cause local overheating, burning-out and even ablation of the resistance bands, thereby causing the faults of open circuit and short circuit of the braking resistance device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an equal-temperature-rise calculation method for a multilayer resistance band, which can provide a multilayer resistance band structure with equal temperature rise.
The invention also aims to provide a multilayer resistance band equal temperature rise calculation method which has the advantages of less input data and simple calculation.
The invention further aims to provide the equal temperature rise calculation method for the multilayer resistance band, which enables the calculation process to be faster and the design result to be more accurate compared with a simple qualitative analysis method or a test method.
The invention aims to realize the purpose, and relates to a multilayer resistance band isothermal rise calculation method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the resistance bands are arranged in parallel along the flowing direction of cooling air; the heat generated by the resistor belts and the cooling air are subjected to convection heat exchange through the braking current, the heat generated by the resistor belts is taken away, and the temperature rise of each resistor belt is equal under the stable working condition by adjusting the distribution power of each resistor belt.
The method for enabling the temperature rise of each resistance band to be equal under the stable working condition by adjusting the distributed power of each resistance band comprises the following steps:
cooling air sequentially flows through each thin resistance band and is subjected to heat convection treatment according to the laminar flow of the air swept-out flat plate;
total power when the brake resistance device is designed
Is a known design input, the power of each resistive strip is distributed according to:
power of resistance band of ith incident flow
（1）
In the formula, i is the ordinal number of the resistance band from the upstream direction, and N is the total number of the resistance bands.
The power value of the resistance band generated by the braking current on the resistance band can be distributed by the following method:
a. setting current voltage for each resistance band respectively to enable each resistance band to reach a designed power value;
b. each resistance band is connected in parallel, and the resistance bands reach the designed power value by setting different resistance values;
c. each resistance band is connected in series, and the resistance bands reach the designed power value by setting different resistance values.
The method b specifically comprises the following steps:
the resistance value of each resistance strip is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
u is the voltage value of the parallel resistance band;
i is the ordinal number of the resistance band from the upstream direction;
n is the total number of the resistance bands;
In the design of the brake resistor device, the power value of the multi-layer resistor band in the formula (2) or in parallel connection meets the power value requirement of each resistor band in the formula (1), and each resistor band achieves the aim of equal temperature rise under the stable working condition.
The step c specifically comprises the following steps: the resistance value of each resistance strip is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the resistance value of the ith resistance band of the incident flow is; i is the current value of the series resistance band; i is the ordinal number of the resistance band from the upstream direction; n is the total number of the resistance bands;
given total power;
and (3) applying the formula (3) or enabling the power value of the multilayer resistance bands connected in series to meet the power value requirement of each resistance band in the formula (1), and enabling each resistance band to achieve the aim of equal temperature rise under the stable working condition.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the power capacity potential of the brake resistor device can be explored, the material consumption of the resistor band is reduced, and the volume of the resistor box is reduced.
2. Under the stable working state, the temperature rise of all the resistance belts is the same, so that the temperature factors of the materials are the same, the resistance of the resistance belts is stable, and the performance of the brake resistance device is stable.
3. All the resistance belts have the same working temperature, the resistance belt materials have the same aging speed, the resistance value change caused by aging is the same, the maintenance period is the same, and the maintenance cost can be reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention or the existing design methods, the drawings required in the description of the embodiments or the existing design methods will be briefly introduced below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional brake resistor arrangement;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a brake resistor arrangement according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a brake resistor device according to another embodiment of the invention.
In the figure, 101, cooling air; 102. the 1 st resistance band flows in; 103. the ith resistance band flows in; 104. the Nth resistance band flows in; 201. cooling the air; 202. the 1 st resistance band flows in; 203. the No. 2 resistance band flows in; 204. the 3 rd resistance band flows in; 205. the 4 th resistance band flows in; 301. cooling the air; 302. the 1 st row is upstream of the 1 st resistance band; 303. the 1 st row is opposite to the ith resistance strip; 304. the 1 st row is upstream to flow the Nth resistance band; 305. the 1 st row of resistance belts; 306. row 2 of resistance bands; 307. the Mth row of resistance bands; 308. the Mth row is provided with a 1 st resistance band; 309. the Mth row is provided with an ith resistance band; 310. the Mth row is opposite to the Nth resistance band.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples to explain how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems and to achieve the technical effects. It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, the embodiments and the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, and the technical solutions formed are within the scope of the present invention.
In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details or with other methods described herein.
An important input parameter in the design of the brake resistance device is the total power of the brake resistance device, and the existing design method is to determine the resistance value of the resistance band according to the input total power, voltage, current and the like, uniformly distribute the resistance value to each resistance band, and take away heat by using cooling air to cool the resistance band.
In view of the above problems in the design of the conventional brake resistor device, the present invention provides a method for calculating the temperature rise of a multilayer resistor band, and the calculation method of the present invention will be described by the following embodiments.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a calculating method of a brake resistance device, and the structural schematic diagram is shown in fig. 2. In the present embodiment, 4 equal-width resistance bands arranged in parallel along the flow direction of the cooling air 201 are included: resistive band 1 upstream, resistive band 2 upstream, resistive band 3 upstream, resistive band 204 4 upstream, resistive band 205. It should be noted that the number of the resistance bands in this embodiment is only one braking resistance device solution adopting the calculation method of the present invention, and does not restrict the calculation method of the present invention, and the number of the resistance bands can be adjusted according to actual engineering requirements.
In this embodiment, the design input includes total power
。
In order to increase the temperature of the 4 resistance bands and the like in this embodiment, the power of the 4 resistance bands is distributed by using the calculation method of the present invention, and the power expression of each resistance band is:
in the formula:
i is the ordinal number of the resistance band from the upstream direction;
n is the total number of the resistance bands, N =4 in this embodiment;
obtainable from formula (1):
the power distributed to the upstream 1 st resistive band 202 is
；
The power distributed to the upstream 2 nd resistive band 203 is
；
The power distributed to the upstream 3 rd resistive band 204 is
；
The power distributed to the upstream 4 th resistive band 205 is
；
In order to make the power of each resistance band reach the above design value, usable methods include, but are not limited to:
1. setting current voltage for each resistance band respectively to enable each resistance band to reach a designed power value;
2. each resistance band is connected in parallel, and the resistance bands reach the designed power value by setting different resistance values.
3. Each resistance band is connected in series, and the resistance bands reach the designed power value by setting different resistance values;
in this embodiment, 4 resistance bands are connected in series, and the current I on the resistance band is obtained from the design input, so the resistance value of each resistance band is:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
i is the current value of the series resistance band;
i is the ordinal number of the resistance band from the upstream direction;
n is the total number of the resistance bands, N =4 in this embodiment;
from formula (2):
resistance of the upstream 1 st resistance band 202
；
Resistance of the upstream 2 nd resistance band 203
；
Resistance of the upstream 3 rd resistance band 204
；
Resistance of the upstream 4 th resistance band 205
。
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a calculation method of a brake resistance device, and the structural schematic diagram of the brake resistance device is shown in fig. 2. In this embodiment, the 1 st row of resistive strips 305 is included and arranged in parallel along the flow direction of the cooling air 301, and the 1 st row of resistive strips 305 includes N equal-width resistive strips: row 1 incident flow 1 st resistance band 302 … … row 1 incident flow ith resistance band 303 and row 1 incident flow nth resistance band 304; in this embodiment, in addition to row 1, row 2 of resistive strips 306 … … is arranged perpendicular to the flow of cooling air 301, and row M of resistive strips 307: the mth row of resistive stripes 307 comprises N equal-width resistive stripes: row M flows against 1 st resistive strip 308 … … row M flows against ith resistive strip 309 and row M flows against nth resistive strip 310.
In this embodiment, each row of the resistor strips has the same structure and respectively adopts a series structure. The design inputs for this embodiment include total power
And a single row of resistive strips.
In order to make the temperature rise of each resistance band equal in the embodiment, the calculation method of the present invention is used to distribute the power of each resistance band, and the power expression distributed to the resistance band at the same position of each row of resistance bands is as follows:
in the formula:
i is the ordinal number of the resistance band from the upstream direction;
n is the total number of the resistance bands;
m is the total row number of the resistance bands;
in this embodiment, each row of resistance tapes are connected in series, and in order to make each resistance tape reach the above designed power value, the resistance value expression of the resistance tape at the same position on each row of resistance tapes is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
i is the current value of each row of series resistance bands;
i is the ordinal number of the resistance band from the upstream direction;
n is the total number of the resistance bands;
m is the total row number of the resistance bands;
In example 1 and example 2, the power of the i-th resistance band counted from the upstream direction
Equal to the sum of the powers of the first i resistance strips minus the sum of the powers of the first (i-1) resistance strips, which is expressed as:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the sum of the powers of the first i resistance bands,
the sum of the powers of the resistance bands of the first (i-1) strips;
therefore, the power ratio of the ith resistance band to the first resistance band
Can be expressed as:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in the formulae (5), (6) and (7),
the heat exchange area of the first i resistance strips,
the heat exchange area of the first (i-1) resistance strip,
is the heat exchange area of the first resistance strip,
the heat transfer coefficient of the convection heat exchange surface of the first i resistance strips,
the heat transfer coefficient of the convection heat exchange surface of the front (i-1) resistance strip,
the heat transfer coefficient of the convection heat exchange surface of the first resistance strip,
the temperature rise of the resistor belt is realized (the temperature rise in the three formulas is equal because of the isothermal rise design);
in the formula (4), the following are substituted by the formulae (5), (6) and (7):
for laminar convection heat transfer of an air swept-out flat plate, the characteristic equation is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
nu is Nu Nussel number
H is the convective heat transfer coefficient, L is the characteristic length, and λ is the thermal conductivity coefficient;
re is Reynolds number
U is the air flow rate and v is the kinematic viscosity of the air;
pr is the Plantt number;
by the definition of the above three characteristic numbers, there are:
when formula (10) is substituted for formula (8), it is possible to obtain:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
for the first i resistive strips along the length of the air flow direction,
the length of the first (i-1) resistive strip in the direction of air flow,
the length of the first resistance band along the air flowing direction;
therefore, the method comprises the following steps:
total power when the brake resistance device is designed
Is the design input, total power
Can be expressed as:
in the formula, N is the total number of the resistance bands;
so when given total power, there are:
by substituting equation (14) for equation (12), a power expression for each resistance band can be obtained:
in the formula:
i is the ordinal number of the resistance band from the upstream direction;
n is the total number of the resistance bands;
Through the heat exchange analysis, a calculation formula, namely formula (15), which meets the isothermal rise design of the multilayer resistance band can be obtained. As long as the total power value of the design input is substituted in the formula
The total number N of the resistance bands and the ordinal number i of the resistance bands from the direction of the current flow are obtained, and the power value of each resistance band can be obtained. By using the formula to calculate and design the brake resistance device, the aim of temperature rise of multilayer resistance bands and the like can be achieved.
To achieve the above design power for each resistive strip, the available methods include, but are not limited to:
1. setting current voltage for each resistance band respectively to enable each resistance band to reach a designed power value;
2. each resistance band is connected in parallel, and the resistance bands reach the designed power value by setting different resistance values;
in this manner, the resistance values of the respective resistance strips are:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
u is the voltage value of the parallel resistance band;
i is the ordinal number of the resistance band from the upstream direction;
n is the total number of the resistance bands;
in the design of the brake resistor device, the power value of the parallel multilayer resistance bands can meet the power value requirement of each resistance band in the formula (13) by applying the formula (14), and each resistance band can reach the aim of equal temperature rise under the stable working condition.
3. Each resistance band is connected in series, and the resistance bands reach the designed power value by setting different resistance values;
in this way, the resistance values of the respective resistance strips are:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
i is the current value of the series resistance band;
i is the ordinal number of the resistance band from the upstream direction;
n is the total number of the resistance bands;
in the design of the braking resistance device, the power value of the multi-layer resistance bands connected in series can meet the power value requirement of each resistance band in the formula (15) by applying the formula (17), and each resistance band can reach the target of equal temperature rise under the stable working condition.
The ways of setting the resistance values of the resistance strips described in the above ways include, but are not limited to: the use of different resistive strip materials, design of different resistive strip thicknesses, slotting in the resistive strip, perforating, or other methods, which may be used alone or in combination.
In the above mode, a, current and voltage are respectively set for each resistance band to make each resistance band reach the designed power value, or d, each resistance band is connected in series and parallel to make each resistance band reach the designed power value by setting different resistance values.
The calculation method mainly describes a single-row multilayer resistance band power and resistance value distribution method arranged in parallel along the flow direction of cooling air, but in engineering practice, a plurality of rows of resistance bands are arranged in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the cooling air according to needs, all the resistance bands are used independently and in combination during calculation, and the formed technical scheme is within the protection scope of the invention.
In the embodiment, each row of resistance bands is in a series structure, but in the specific design of the brake resistance device, a parallel structure may be used, or each resistance band is independently provided with current and voltage. When different row resistance bands are calculated, the calculation method is used totally, singly or in combination, and the formed technical scheme is within the protection scope of the invention.
In the above embodiment and other technical solutions formed by applying the calculation method of the present invention, in order to achieve the isothermal lift design, the manner of designing the resistance value of each resistance strip includes but is not limited to: the use of different resistive strip materials, design of different resistive strip thicknesses, slotting in the resistive strip, perforating, or other methods, which may be used alone or in combination.
Claims (7)
1. A multilayer resistance band equal temperature rise calculation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the device comprises a plurality of resistance belts with equal width, wherein the resistance belts are arranged in parallel along the flowing direction of cooling air; the heat generated by the resistor belts and the cooling air are subjected to convection heat exchange through the braking current, the heat generated by the resistor belts is taken away, and the temperature rise of each resistor belt is equal under the stable working condition by adjusting the distribution power of each resistor belt; the method for enabling the temperature rise of each resistance band to be equal under the stable working condition by adjusting the distributed power of each resistance band comprises the following steps:
cooling air sequentially flows through each thin resistance band and is subjected to heat convection treatment according to the laminar flow of the air swept-out flat plate;
total power when the brake resistance device is designed
Is a known design input, the power of each resistive strip is distributed according to:
power of resistance band of ith incident flow
（1）
In the formula, i is the ordinal number of the resistance band from the upstream direction, and N is the total number of the resistance bands.
2. The method for calculating the equivalent temperature rise of the multilayer resistance tape according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the power value of the resistance band generated by the brake current on the resistance band can be distributed by the following steps:
a. setting current voltage for each resistance band respectively to enable each resistance band to reach a designed power value;
d. each resistance band is connected in series and parallel, and the resistance bands reach the designed power value by setting different resistance values.
3. The method for calculating the equivalent temperature rise of the multilayer resistance tape according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the power value of the resistance band generated by the brake current on the resistance band can be distributed by the following steps:
a. setting current voltage for each resistance band respectively to enable each resistance band to reach a designed power value;
b. each resistance band is connected in parallel, and the resistance bands reach the designed power value by setting different resistance values.
4. The equal temperature rise calculation method for the multilayer resistance band as claimed in claim 1, wherein the equal temperature rise calculation method comprises the following steps: the power value of the resistance band generated by the brake current on the resistance band can be distributed by the following steps:
a. setting current voltage for each resistance band respectively to enable each resistance band to reach a designed power value;
c. each resistance band is connected in series, and the resistance bands reach the designed power value by setting different resistance values.
5. The method for calculating the equivalent temperature rise of the multilayer resistance tape according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step b specifically comprises the following steps:
the resistance value of each resistance strip is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
u is the voltage value of the parallel resistance band;
i is the ordinal number of the resistance band from the upstream direction;
n is the total number of the resistance bands;
6. The method for calculating the equivalent temperature rise of the multilayer resistance tape according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the design of the braking resistance device, the power value of the multi-layer resistance bands connected in parallel is applied to the formula (2) or meets the power value requirement of each resistance band in the formula (1), and each resistance band can reach the aim of equal temperature rise under the stable working condition.
7. The method for calculating the equivalent temperature rise of the multilayer resistance tape according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step c specifically comprises the following steps:
the resistance value of each resistance strip is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the resistance value of the ith resistance band of the incident flow is; i is the current value of the series resistance band; i is the ordinal number of the resistance band from the upstream direction; n is the total number of the resistance bands;
given total power;
and (3) applying the formula (3) or enabling the power value of the multilayer resistance bands connected in series to meet the power value requirement of each resistance band in the formula (1), and enabling each resistance band to achieve the aim of equal temperature rise under the stable working condition.
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2021
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| EP0622812A1 (en) * | 1993-04-29 | 1994-11-02 | Gec Alsthom Transport Sa | Powerresistor with natural convection |
| CN205033956U (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2016-02-17 | 西安铁路信号有限责任公司 | Power increase type forced air cooling formula brake resistance device for railroad locomotive |
| CN106553553A (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2017-04-05 | 西安铁路信号有限责任公司 | A kind of railway locomotive power increase type forced-air braking resistor method |
| CN112099558A (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2020-12-18 | 窦红雨 | Load regulation method |
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