EP0584547B1 - Dispositif d'éclairage, notamment pour véhicules automobiles - Google Patents

Dispositif d'éclairage, notamment pour véhicules automobiles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0584547B1
EP0584547B1 EP93111868A EP93111868A EP0584547B1 EP 0584547 B1 EP0584547 B1 EP 0584547B1 EP 93111868 A EP93111868 A EP 93111868A EP 93111868 A EP93111868 A EP 93111868A EP 0584547 B1 EP0584547 B1 EP 0584547B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
diffraction means
lamp according
wall
lamp
flux
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93111868A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0584547A1 (fr
Inventor
Stefania Masuelli
Pietro Perlo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Marelli Europe SpA
Original Assignee
Magneti Marelli SpA
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Publication date
Application filed by Magneti Marelli SpA filed Critical Magneti Marelli SpA
Publication of EP0584547A1 publication Critical patent/EP0584547A1/fr
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Publication of EP0584547B1 publication Critical patent/EP0584547B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S41/285—Refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters not provided in groups F21S41/24 - F21S41/2805

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lamp which is particularly suitable for use in the production of a motor vehicle headlight.
  • the distribution of the light flux (with respect to both the direction of the rays emitted and their intensity) into the area outside the lamp is currently obtained using various prism means, which, as a result of total reflection and refraction, modify the direction of the light rays incident on the means themselves; in certain cases these prisms are formed directly on the walls which delimit the front of the lamp.
  • Lamps of this type have proved to be somewhat complex in terms of structure as a result of the large number of parts from which they are made up and of the shape of some of these parts; furthermore they take up a lot of space and additional, particularly tricky, operations are needed to mount them on the car bumper.
  • the first of these patents describes a headlight comprising a reflector, inside which is located a light source and on the surface of which is located a holographic optic element, so that the light emitted by said source is incident on the abovementioned element and comes from it, simultaneously diffracted and reflected towards the area outside the lighting device.
  • the second patent describes a motor vehicle lighting device fitted with two different sources of monochromatic light and with a transparent wall on which a holographic optic element is located; this element is set so as to exert a different diffractive action on the two light fluxes emitted by each of the sources, in such a way that the flux emitted by one of these sources exits the device in one direction while that emitted by the other source exits the device in a different direction.
  • the optical devices fitted with the holographic elements of the type described have certain drawbacks. If they are to operate using white light, as is the case in the device of the first-mentioned patent, the light flux emitted by the device undergoes significant angular dispersion and the optical efficiency is considerably reduced; with the device of the second patent, not only are the drawbacks mentioned above present, there is the additional disadvantage that it can only be properly used with monochromatic light.
  • the object of the present invention is to produce a lamp, in particular for use on motor vehicles, which does not have the drawbacks mentioned above and with which it will be possible to obtain a predetermined distribution in space of the light flux emitted by said lamp.
  • the lamp of the invention is particularly suitable for use in the production of a motor vehicle headlight, as has been shown in some of the attached figures; however, it also lends itself to use in the production of devices designed for other uses and, in particlar, in the production of lamps or light radiation emitters, as is shown in some of the attached figures.
  • the lamp is capable of emitting a light flux into the area 1 outside said lamp
  • the latter comprises a source for generating light radiation 2, for example an incandescent lamp, first diffraction means 3, which are arranged so as to be struck by the flux of light radiation 4 emitted by the source 2 and which are capable of emitting a first flux of diffracted light rays 5;
  • the lamp further comprises second diffraction means 6, arranged so as to be struck by the first flux of rays 5 and so as to emit, in turn, a second flux of diffracted rays 7.
  • the second diffraction means 6 are set so as to correct and modify the characteristics of the rays of the light flux 5 exiting the first diffraction means 3, so that the characteristics of the light flux 7 exiting the lamp correspond to predetermined characteristics.
  • the second diffraction means 6 are basically set so as to correct, in a way which will be described below, the distribution of the light flux.
  • the residual chromatic dispersion of the light flux does not interfere with visual perception.
  • the first and second diffraction means 3 and 6 are located on corresponding surfaces 8 and 9 of at least one transparent front wall 10 of the lamp, which wall is located between the source and the area outside 1, in such a way that the abovementioned means lie in succession along the path of the light fluxes 4, 5 and 7 which originate from the source 2.
  • the headlight 1 comprises a reflector 11, the surface 12 of which can reflect the light radiation emitted by the source 2 towards the diffraction means 3 and 6.
  • the transparent front wall to which the diffraction means 3 and 6 are attached can advantageously be the wall 15 of a bulb ( Figure 2) or of a light radiation emitter of the LED type, shown respectively in Figures 2 and 3.
  • the first and the second diffraction means 3 and 6 can be located on the inner side and on the outer side of the abovementioned wall respectively.
  • the first diffraction means 3 can be located on the outer surface of the wall 15, while the second diffraction means 6 can be located on the inner surface of the wall 16 of a cap attached to the bulb or to the emitter; advantageously, in the embodiments of Figures 2 and 4, the bulb can be fitted with a suitable reflecting screen 17, which is capable of diverting the light flux generated by the filament 18 of the bulb towards the diffraction means 3 and 6.
  • a lamp may be produced using an optical fibre, of the type shown in Figure 6 and referenced 19 , as the light radiation source.
  • the diffraction means 3 are located on the inner surface of a wall 20 of a cap which closes off the emitting section 21 of the optical fibre, whereas the second diffraction means 6 are located on the outer surface of said cap.
  • the first diffraction means 3 are located on the outer surface of a part of the wall 15 of a bulb 22, whereas the second diffraction means 6 are located on the inner surface of the wall 10 which closes off the lamp from the front.
  • the first diffraction means 3, or the second diffraction means 6, can be located on a reflecting surface of the lamp, as has been shown in Figures 8, 9, 10 and 11.
  • the first diffraction means 3 are located on the surface 12 of the reflector 11
  • the second diffraction means 6 are located on the inner surface 8 of the front wall 10 of the lamp, between the source 2 and the area outside 1.
  • the light flux 4 emitted by the source 2 is diffracted by the first diffraction means 3 and simultaneously reflected by the surface 12 of the wall 11; the flux 5 exiting the diffraction means 3 is directed towards the second diffraction means 6, to give rise to the flux 7 exiting towards the area outside 1.
  • the reflecting surface on which the first diffraction means 3 are located is the surface 25 of a portion of the wall 15 of a bulb ( Figure 9) or of an LED ( Figure 10); in these lamps the second diffraction means 6 are instead located on the outer surface of the portion of wall 15 which delimits the lamp at the front.
  • the light flux 4 generated by the light source 18 is diffracted by the diffraction means 3 and reflected by the surface 25 of the wall 15, thereby generating the flux 5, which is in turn diffracted by the second diffraction means 6 so as to generate the exiting flux 7.
  • the first diffraction means 3 are located on the outer surface of a portion of the wall 15 of the bulb 22, whereas the second diffraction means 6 are located on the surface 12 of the wall 11 of the reflector; advantageously in this case, the front portion of the wall 15 is screened off by means of a suitable screen 26.
  • the flux 4 generated by the radiation source is diffracted by the first means 3 so as to give rise to the flux 5 which is in turn diffracted by the second means 6 to give rise to the flux 7 exiting the lamp.
  • the diffraction means 3 and 6 comprise diffractive projections arranged in a predetermined configuration. These projections may be formed directly on the surfaces on which the diffraction means themselves are located, or else, according to an alternative version, these diffractive projections are formed or recorded on a support attached to the abovementioned surfaces.
  • the diffraction means can in addition to comprising diffractive projections be of the type with phase modulation or else of the type with amplitude modulation.
  • These means advantageously comprise holograms, which can be of the "computer generated holograms" type.
  • the dittractive reliefs of the diffraction means 3 and 6 or the holograms which form part of the means themselves can be obtained using any known technique, for example, using a multilevel process of the type with binary diffractive optics; replication can be carried out using microelectronics, by means of direct moulding or by means of the process known as "embossing", or by moulding by means of any other known technique used in the replication of diffractive optics.
  • the element supporting the diffraction means 3 and 6 can be a plastic film or can be a suitable layer of material deposited on a surface of the lamp and on which diffractive reliefs are subsequently cut.
  • the hologram 2 can be recorded on a sheet of plastic or on a layer of a suitable material which has been deposited on a surface of the lamp, for example of vitreous materia1.
  • These sheets of material can advantageously be attached to the surfaces of the lamp using a suitable adhesive and they can be covered with a suitable protective layer, the refractive index of which is suitably selected in order to obtain a high efficiency for said lamp.
  • the second diffraction means 6 can perform the function for which they are designed, i.e. that of correcting and modifying the characteristics of the rays of the light flux incident thereon in order to obtain a diffracted light flux having predetermined characteristics, and, in particular, having a completely negligible angular dispersion
  • the design of the diffractive reliefs or of the holograms of the second diffraction means 6 needs to be suitable selected and it needs to correlate closely with the corresponding design of the diffraction means 3.
  • Known computer-aided techniques can be used to obtain such a result.
  • the first and/or second diffraction means 3 and 6 may comprise a plurality of holograms arranged next to one another; each of these is capable ot generating a corresponding flux of diffracted rays and the design of each of the abovementioned holograms is selected so that the flux resulting from the superimposition of the different fluxes has predetermined optical characteristics.
  • selection of the specific design of the diffraction means 3 and 6 can also be used to effect suitable chromatic control of the flux 7 exiting the lamp of the invention. This is because the action exerted by these diffraction elements also depends on the wavelength of the rays incident on them: it is therefore possible to obtain a light flux exiting the lamp which is of a predetermined colour or which has a desired chromatic distribution within the flux itself.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)

Claims (20)

  1. Lampe, en particulier destinée à être utilisée dans des véhicules à moteur, qui comporte une source destinée à produire un rayonnement lumineux et qui est capable d'émettre un flux lumineux ayant des caractéristiques prédéterminées dans une zone située à l'extérieur de ladite lampe, la lampe comportant des premiers moyens de diffraction (3) agencés de manière à être frappés par le rayonnement lumineux (4) émis par ladite source et capables d'émettre un premier flux de rayons diffractés (5) et des seconds moyens de diffraction (6) agencés de manière à être frappés par ledit premier flux (5) et capables d'émettre un second flux de rayons diffractés (7), caractérisé en ce que lesdits seconds moyens de diffraction (6) sont positionnés espacés desdits premiers moyens de diffraction (3) et établis de manière à corriger et modifier les caractéristiques desdits rayons dudit premier flux lumineux (5) de sorte que les caractéristiques du second flux lumineux (7) correspondent auxdites caractéristiques prédéterminées, lesdits premiers (3) et seconds (6) moyens de diffraction comportant des saillies diffractrices agencées selon une configuration prédéterminée.
  2. Lampe selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que lesdits seconds moyens de diffraction (6) sont établis de manière à corriger la dispersion angulaire des rayons dudit premier flux lumineux (5).
  3. Lampe selon la revendication 1 ou 2 caractérisée en ce que lesdits premiers (3) et seconds (6) moyens de diffraction sont positionnés sur des surfaces correspondantes (8, 9) d'au moins une paroi avant transparente (10) de ladite lampe, laquelle paroi est positionnée entre ladite source et ladite zone extérieure, d'une manière telle que lesdits moyens sont situés en succession le long du trajet des rayons lumineux émis par ladite source vers ladite zone.
  4. Lampe selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que ladite paroi avant transparente (10) est une paroi qui ferme ladite lampe à partir de l'avant.
  5. Lampe selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que ladite paroi avant transparente (10) est la paroi (15) d'une ampoule ou d'une LED.
  6. Lampe selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que ladite paroi est la paroi transparente d'un culot (20) situé sur le tronçon d'émission (21) d'une fibre optique (19).
  7. Lampe selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que lesdits premiers moyens de diffraction (3) sont positionnés sur la surface d'une paroi (15) d'une ampoule ou d'une LED et lesdits seconds moyens de diffraction (6) sont positionnés sur une surface d'un culot transparent (16) fixé sur ladite ampoule ou sur ledit émetteur.
  8. Lampe selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que lesdits premiers moyens de diffraction (3) sont positionnés sur la surface d'une paroi (15) d'une ampoule (22) et lesdits seconds moyens de diffraction (6) sont positionnés sur la surface d'une paroi (10) qui ferme le disposition à partir de l'avant.
  9. Lampe selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que lesdits premiers moyens de diffraction (3) sont positionnés sur une surface réfléchissante (12) du dispositif et lesdits seconds moyens de diffraction (6) sont positionnés sur une paroi avant (10) du dispositif, laquelle paroi est positionnée entre ladite source et ladite zone extérieure, ladite surface réfléchissante (12) étant capable de réfléchir les rayons diffractés provenant desdits premiers moyens de diffraction (3) vers lesdits seconds moyens de diffraction (6).
  10. Lampe selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que ladite surface réfléchissante (12) est la surface du réflecteur (11) d'un phare de véhicule à moteur.
  11. Lampe selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que ladite surface réfléchissante (12) est une surface (25) d'une partie de paroi (15) d'une ampoule ou d'une LED et ladite paroi avant est la partie de paroi qui délimite l'ampoule au niveau de l'avant.
  12. Lampe selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que lesdits premiers moyens de diffraction (3) sont positionnés sur une surface d'une ampoule ou d'une LED et lesdits seconds moyens de diffraction (6) sont positionnés sur une surface (12) d'un réflecteur, à l'intérieur duquel est reçue ladite ampoule, ou ledit émetteur.
  13. Lampe selon la revendication 12, caractérisée en ce que lesdites saillies diffractrices sont formées directement sur lesdites surfaces sur lesquelles les moyens eux-mêmes sont positionnés.
  14. Lampe selon la revendication 12, caractérisée en ce que lesdites saillies diffractrices sont formées ou enregistrées sur un support fixé sur lesdites surfaces.
  15. Lampe selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens de diffraction (3, 6) sont du type à modulation de phase, et ont un profil quelconque qui peut donner une valeur d'efficacité élevée.
  16. Lampe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 15, caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens de diffraction (3, 6) sont du type à modulation d'amplitude.
  17. Lampe selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens de diffraction (3, 6) comportent des hologrammes.
  18. Lampe selon la revendication 17, caractérisée en ce que lesdits hologrammes sont du type "hologrammes créés par ordinateur".
  19. Lampe selon la revendication 17, caractérisée en ce que lesdits hologrammes sont du type "Kino-form".
  20. Lampe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 16 à 18, caractérisée en ce que lesdits premiers et/ou seconds moyens de diffraction (3, 6) comportent plusieurs hologrammes agencés les uns à la suite des autres, chacun desdits hologrammes étant capable de créer un flux correspondant de rayons diffractés, la conception de chacun desdits hologrammes étant sélectionnée de sorte que le flux résultant de la superposition desdits flux a lesdites caractéristiques prédéterminées.
EP93111868A 1992-07-24 1993-07-23 Dispositif d'éclairage, notamment pour véhicules automobiles Expired - Lifetime EP0584547B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITTO920635 1992-07-24
ITTO920635A IT1256892B (it) 1992-07-24 1992-07-24 Dispositivo di illuminazione in particolare per autoveicoli

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0584547A1 EP0584547A1 (fr) 1994-03-02
EP0584547B1 true EP0584547B1 (fr) 1998-05-06

Family

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EP93111868A Expired - Lifetime EP0584547B1 (fr) 1992-07-24 1993-07-23 Dispositif d'éclairage, notamment pour véhicules automobiles

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EP (1) EP0584547B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69318354T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2115701T3 (fr)
IT (1) IT1256892B (fr)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1261250B (it) * 1993-09-03 1996-05-09 Carello Spa Dispositivo di illuminazione in particolare per autoveicoli
WO1999036807A1 (fr) * 1998-01-16 1999-07-22 Luckoff Display Corporation Elements a surface courbe sur la base d'une holographie optique active et passive
FR2785364B1 (fr) 1998-11-03 2000-12-22 Valeo Vision Feu de signalisation a diffraction, notamment pour vehicule automobile
DE10028456A1 (de) * 2000-06-08 2001-12-13 Bosch Gmbh Robert Scheinwerfer für Fahrzeuge und Beleuchtungseinrichtung mit wenigstens einem solchen Scheinwerfer
FR2815425B1 (fr) * 2000-10-12 2003-10-31 Holophane Piece de matiere transparente et lentille de phares de vehicules
DE102006043402B4 (de) 2006-09-15 2019-05-09 Osram Gmbh Beleuchtungseinheit mit einem optischen Element
US8556482B2 (en) 2007-07-26 2013-10-15 Docter Optics Se Method for producing a headlamp lens for a motor-vehicle headlamp
EP2500629B1 (fr) * 2011-03-15 2017-09-06 SMR Patents S.à.r.l. Retroviseur de véhicule comprenant un dispositif d'éclairage avec des micro-optiques
DE102016225153B4 (de) * 2016-12-15 2018-07-12 Magna Mirrors Holding Gmbh Beleuchtungseinheit
US11131864B2 (en) * 2018-04-06 2021-09-28 Magna Closures, Inc. Holographic display within a vehicle external part

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4536833A (en) * 1984-04-16 1985-08-20 Knoll International, Inc. Lighting fixture utilizing a multi-layered hologram as a lens element
JP2705245B2 (ja) * 1989-09-27 1998-01-28 キヤノン株式会社 ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置
JP2808780B2 (ja) * 1990-01-30 1998-10-08 日産自動車株式会社 車両用灯具
JPH0434804A (ja) * 1990-05-31 1992-02-05 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 採光装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITTO920635A0 (it) 1992-07-24
ITTO920635A1 (it) 1994-01-24
ES2115701T3 (es) 1998-07-01
IT1256892B (it) 1995-12-27
DE69318354D1 (de) 1998-06-10
DE69318354T2 (de) 1998-09-10
EP0584547A1 (fr) 1994-03-02

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