EP0584547B1 - Beleuchtungsvorrichtung, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge - Google Patents

Beleuchtungsvorrichtung, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0584547B1
EP0584547B1 EP93111868A EP93111868A EP0584547B1 EP 0584547 B1 EP0584547 B1 EP 0584547B1 EP 93111868 A EP93111868 A EP 93111868A EP 93111868 A EP93111868 A EP 93111868A EP 0584547 B1 EP0584547 B1 EP 0584547B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
diffraction means
lamp according
wall
lamp
flux
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93111868A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0584547A1 (de
Inventor
Stefania Masuelli
Pietro Perlo
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Marelli Europe SpA
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Magneti Marelli SpA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0584547A1 publication Critical patent/EP0584547A1/de
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/20Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S41/285Refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters not provided in groups F21S41/24 - F21S41/2805

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lamp which is particularly suitable for use in the production of a motor vehicle headlight.
  • the distribution of the light flux (with respect to both the direction of the rays emitted and their intensity) into the area outside the lamp is currently obtained using various prism means, which, as a result of total reflection and refraction, modify the direction of the light rays incident on the means themselves; in certain cases these prisms are formed directly on the walls which delimit the front of the lamp.
  • Lamps of this type have proved to be somewhat complex in terms of structure as a result of the large number of parts from which they are made up and of the shape of some of these parts; furthermore they take up a lot of space and additional, particularly tricky, operations are needed to mount them on the car bumper.
  • the first of these patents describes a headlight comprising a reflector, inside which is located a light source and on the surface of which is located a holographic optic element, so that the light emitted by said source is incident on the abovementioned element and comes from it, simultaneously diffracted and reflected towards the area outside the lighting device.
  • the second patent describes a motor vehicle lighting device fitted with two different sources of monochromatic light and with a transparent wall on which a holographic optic element is located; this element is set so as to exert a different diffractive action on the two light fluxes emitted by each of the sources, in such a way that the flux emitted by one of these sources exits the device in one direction while that emitted by the other source exits the device in a different direction.
  • the optical devices fitted with the holographic elements of the type described have certain drawbacks. If they are to operate using white light, as is the case in the device of the first-mentioned patent, the light flux emitted by the device undergoes significant angular dispersion and the optical efficiency is considerably reduced; with the device of the second patent, not only are the drawbacks mentioned above present, there is the additional disadvantage that it can only be properly used with monochromatic light.
  • the object of the present invention is to produce a lamp, in particular for use on motor vehicles, which does not have the drawbacks mentioned above and with which it will be possible to obtain a predetermined distribution in space of the light flux emitted by said lamp.
  • the lamp of the invention is particularly suitable for use in the production of a motor vehicle headlight, as has been shown in some of the attached figures; however, it also lends itself to use in the production of devices designed for other uses and, in particlar, in the production of lamps or light radiation emitters, as is shown in some of the attached figures.
  • the lamp is capable of emitting a light flux into the area 1 outside said lamp
  • the latter comprises a source for generating light radiation 2, for example an incandescent lamp, first diffraction means 3, which are arranged so as to be struck by the flux of light radiation 4 emitted by the source 2 and which are capable of emitting a first flux of diffracted light rays 5;
  • the lamp further comprises second diffraction means 6, arranged so as to be struck by the first flux of rays 5 and so as to emit, in turn, a second flux of diffracted rays 7.
  • the second diffraction means 6 are set so as to correct and modify the characteristics of the rays of the light flux 5 exiting the first diffraction means 3, so that the characteristics of the light flux 7 exiting the lamp correspond to predetermined characteristics.
  • the second diffraction means 6 are basically set so as to correct, in a way which will be described below, the distribution of the light flux.
  • the residual chromatic dispersion of the light flux does not interfere with visual perception.
  • the first and second diffraction means 3 and 6 are located on corresponding surfaces 8 and 9 of at least one transparent front wall 10 of the lamp, which wall is located between the source and the area outside 1, in such a way that the abovementioned means lie in succession along the path of the light fluxes 4, 5 and 7 which originate from the source 2.
  • the headlight 1 comprises a reflector 11, the surface 12 of which can reflect the light radiation emitted by the source 2 towards the diffraction means 3 and 6.
  • the transparent front wall to which the diffraction means 3 and 6 are attached can advantageously be the wall 15 of a bulb ( Figure 2) or of a light radiation emitter of the LED type, shown respectively in Figures 2 and 3.
  • the first and the second diffraction means 3 and 6 can be located on the inner side and on the outer side of the abovementioned wall respectively.
  • the first diffraction means 3 can be located on the outer surface of the wall 15, while the second diffraction means 6 can be located on the inner surface of the wall 16 of a cap attached to the bulb or to the emitter; advantageously, in the embodiments of Figures 2 and 4, the bulb can be fitted with a suitable reflecting screen 17, which is capable of diverting the light flux generated by the filament 18 of the bulb towards the diffraction means 3 and 6.
  • a lamp may be produced using an optical fibre, of the type shown in Figure 6 and referenced 19 , as the light radiation source.
  • the diffraction means 3 are located on the inner surface of a wall 20 of a cap which closes off the emitting section 21 of the optical fibre, whereas the second diffraction means 6 are located on the outer surface of said cap.
  • the first diffraction means 3 are located on the outer surface of a part of the wall 15 of a bulb 22, whereas the second diffraction means 6 are located on the inner surface of the wall 10 which closes off the lamp from the front.
  • the first diffraction means 3, or the second diffraction means 6, can be located on a reflecting surface of the lamp, as has been shown in Figures 8, 9, 10 and 11.
  • the first diffraction means 3 are located on the surface 12 of the reflector 11
  • the second diffraction means 6 are located on the inner surface 8 of the front wall 10 of the lamp, between the source 2 and the area outside 1.
  • the light flux 4 emitted by the source 2 is diffracted by the first diffraction means 3 and simultaneously reflected by the surface 12 of the wall 11; the flux 5 exiting the diffraction means 3 is directed towards the second diffraction means 6, to give rise to the flux 7 exiting towards the area outside 1.
  • the reflecting surface on which the first diffraction means 3 are located is the surface 25 of a portion of the wall 15 of a bulb ( Figure 9) or of an LED ( Figure 10); in these lamps the second diffraction means 6 are instead located on the outer surface of the portion of wall 15 which delimits the lamp at the front.
  • the light flux 4 generated by the light source 18 is diffracted by the diffraction means 3 and reflected by the surface 25 of the wall 15, thereby generating the flux 5, which is in turn diffracted by the second diffraction means 6 so as to generate the exiting flux 7.
  • the first diffraction means 3 are located on the outer surface of a portion of the wall 15 of the bulb 22, whereas the second diffraction means 6 are located on the surface 12 of the wall 11 of the reflector; advantageously in this case, the front portion of the wall 15 is screened off by means of a suitable screen 26.
  • the flux 4 generated by the radiation source is diffracted by the first means 3 so as to give rise to the flux 5 which is in turn diffracted by the second means 6 to give rise to the flux 7 exiting the lamp.
  • the diffraction means 3 and 6 comprise diffractive projections arranged in a predetermined configuration. These projections may be formed directly on the surfaces on which the diffraction means themselves are located, or else, according to an alternative version, these diffractive projections are formed or recorded on a support attached to the abovementioned surfaces.
  • the diffraction means can in addition to comprising diffractive projections be of the type with phase modulation or else of the type with amplitude modulation.
  • These means advantageously comprise holograms, which can be of the "computer generated holograms" type.
  • the dittractive reliefs of the diffraction means 3 and 6 or the holograms which form part of the means themselves can be obtained using any known technique, for example, using a multilevel process of the type with binary diffractive optics; replication can be carried out using microelectronics, by means of direct moulding or by means of the process known as "embossing", or by moulding by means of any other known technique used in the replication of diffractive optics.
  • the element supporting the diffraction means 3 and 6 can be a plastic film or can be a suitable layer of material deposited on a surface of the lamp and on which diffractive reliefs are subsequently cut.
  • the hologram 2 can be recorded on a sheet of plastic or on a layer of a suitable material which has been deposited on a surface of the lamp, for example of vitreous materia1.
  • These sheets of material can advantageously be attached to the surfaces of the lamp using a suitable adhesive and they can be covered with a suitable protective layer, the refractive index of which is suitably selected in order to obtain a high efficiency for said lamp.
  • the second diffraction means 6 can perform the function for which they are designed, i.e. that of correcting and modifying the characteristics of the rays of the light flux incident thereon in order to obtain a diffracted light flux having predetermined characteristics, and, in particular, having a completely negligible angular dispersion
  • the design of the diffractive reliefs or of the holograms of the second diffraction means 6 needs to be suitable selected and it needs to correlate closely with the corresponding design of the diffraction means 3.
  • Known computer-aided techniques can be used to obtain such a result.
  • the first and/or second diffraction means 3 and 6 may comprise a plurality of holograms arranged next to one another; each of these is capable ot generating a corresponding flux of diffracted rays and the design of each of the abovementioned holograms is selected so that the flux resulting from the superimposition of the different fluxes has predetermined optical characteristics.
  • selection of the specific design of the diffraction means 3 and 6 can also be used to effect suitable chromatic control of the flux 7 exiting the lamp of the invention. This is because the action exerted by these diffraction elements also depends on the wavelength of the rays incident on them: it is therefore possible to obtain a light flux exiting the lamp which is of a predetermined colour or which has a desired chromatic distribution within the flux itself.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)

Claims (20)

  1. Lampe, insbesondere zur Verwendung bei Kraftfahrzeugen, welche eine Quelle zur Erzeugung von Lichtstrahlen umfaßt und in der Lage ist, einen Lichtfluß mit vorbestimmten Charakteristiken in einen Bereich außerhalb der Lampe zu emittieren, welche Lampe erste Beugungsmittel (3) umfaßt, die so angeordnet sind, daß die von der Quelle emittierte Lichtstrahlung (4) auf sie auftreffen und einen ersten Lichtfluß von gebeugten Strahlen (5) emittieren, und zweite Beugungsmittel (6) aufweist, die so angeordnet sind, daß sie von dem ersten Fluß (5) getroffen werden und einen zweiten Fluß gebeugter Strahlen (7) emittieren können, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweiten Beugungsmittel (6) sich in Abstand von den ersten Beugungsmitteln (3) befinden und so eingestellt sind, daß sie die Charakteristiken der Strahlen des ersten Lichtflusses (5) derart korrigieren und modifizieren, daß die Charakteristik des zweiten Lichtflusses (7) den vorbestimmten Charakteristiken entspricht, welche ersten (3) und zweiten (6) Beugungsmittel beugende Fortsätze umfassen, die in einer vorbestimmten Konfiguration angeordnet sind.
  2. Lampe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweiten Beugungsmittel (6) so eingestellt sind, daß sie die Winkelverteilung der Strahlen des ersten Lichtflusses (5) korrigieren.
  3. Lampe nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sowohl die ersten (3) als auch die zweiten (6) Beugungsmittel auf entsprechenden Oberflächen (8,9) mindestens einer transparenten Frontwandung (10) der Lampe positioniert sind, welche Wandung sich zwischen der Quelle und dem äußeren Bereich befindet, derart, daß die Mittel hintereinander längs des Pfades der von der Quelle in Richtung des Bereiches emittierten Lichtstrahlen liegen.
  4. Lampe nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die transparente Frontwandung (10) eine Wandung ist, die die Lampe frontseitig abschließt.
  5. Lampe nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die transparente Frontwandung (10) die Wandung (15) eines Lampenkolbens oder einer lichtemittierenden Diode ist.
  6. Lampe nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wandung die transparente Wandung einer Kappe (20) ist, die auf dem emittierenden Querschnitt (21) einer optischen Faser angeordnet ist.
  7. Lampe nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das erste Beugungsmittel (3) auf einer Oberfläche einer Wandung (15) eines Lampenkolbens oder einer lichtemittierenden Diode positioniert ist und das zweite Beugungsmittel (6) auf einer Oberfläche einer transparenten Kappe (16), angebracht an dem Kolben oder an der Diode.
  8. Lampe nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das erste Beugungsmittel (3) auf der Oberfläche einer Wandung (15) eines Lampenkolbens (22) positioniert ist und das zweite Beugungsmittel (6) auf der Oberfläche einer Wandung (10) positioniert ist, die die Lampe frontseitig abschließt.
  9. Lampe nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das erste Beugungsmittel (3) auf einer reflektierenden Oberfläche (12) der Lampe positioniert ist und das zweite Beugungsmittel (6) auf einer Frontwandung (10) der Lampe positioniert ist, welche Wandung sich zwischen der Quelle und dem Bereich außerhalb befindet, wobei die reflektierende Oberfläche (12) in der Lage ist, die gebeugten Strahlen von dem ersten Beugungsmittel (3) in Richtung der zweiten Beugungsmittel (6) zu reflektieren.
  10. Lampe nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die reflektierende Oberfläche (12) die Oberfläche des Reflektors (11) eines Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfers ist.
  11. Lampe nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die reflektierende Oberfläche (12) eine Oberfläche (25) eines Abschnitts der Wandung (15) eines Lampenkolbens oder einer lichtemittierenden Diode ist, und daß die Frontwandung der Abschnitt der Wandung ist, welche den Kolben frontseitig begrenzt.
  12. Lampe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das erste Beugungsmittel (3) auf einer Oberfläche eines Lampenkolbens oder einer lichtemittierenden Diode positioniert ist und die zweiten Beugungsmittel (6) sich auf einer Oberfläche (12) eines Reflektors befinden, innerhalb welchem der Kolben oder die Diode untergebracht sind.
  13. Lampe nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beugenden Fortsätze direkt auf den Oberflächen geformt sind, auf denen die Mittel selbst positioniert sind.
  14. Lampe nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beugenden Fortsätze auf einem Support, angebracht an den Oberflächen, ausgebildet oder aufgebracht sind.
  15. Lampe nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beugungsmittel (3, 6) von dem Typ mit Fasenmodulation sind und irgendein Profil aufweisen, das einen hohen Effizienzwert ergeben kann.
  16. Lampe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beugungsmittel (3, 6) vom Typ mit Amplitudenmodulation sind.
  17. Lampe nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beugungsmittel (3, 6) Hologramme umfassen.
  18. Lampe nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hologramme vom "computererzeugten-Hologramm"-Typ sind.
  19. Lampe nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hologramme vom "Kinoform"-Typ sind.
  20. Lampe nach einem der Anspruche 16 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ersten und/oder zweiten Beugungsmittel (3, 6) eine Mehrzahl von Hologrammen umfassen, die nahe zueinander angeordnet sind, wobei jedes der Hologramme in der Lage ist, einen entsprechenden Fluß von gebeugten Strahlen zu erzeugen, und wobei die Auslegung jedes der Hologramme so gewählt ist, daß der resultierende Fluß von der überlagerung der Flüsse die vorbestimmten Charakteristiken aufweist.
EP93111868A 1992-07-24 1993-07-23 Beleuchtungsvorrichtung, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge Expired - Lifetime EP0584547B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITTO920635A IT1256892B (it) 1992-07-24 1992-07-24 Dispositivo di illuminazione in particolare per autoveicoli
ITTO920635 1992-07-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0584547A1 EP0584547A1 (de) 1994-03-02
EP0584547B1 true EP0584547B1 (de) 1998-05-06

Family

ID=11410633

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93111868A Expired - Lifetime EP0584547B1 (de) 1992-07-24 1993-07-23 Beleuchtungsvorrichtung, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge

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EP (1) EP0584547B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69318354T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2115701T3 (de)
IT (1) IT1256892B (de)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1261250B (it) * 1993-09-03 1996-05-09 Carello Spa Dispositivo di illuminazione in particolare per autoveicoli
WO1999036807A1 (en) * 1998-01-16 1999-07-22 Luckoff Display Corporation Active and passive holographic optical based curved surface elements
FR2785364B1 (fr) 1998-11-03 2000-12-22 Valeo Vision Feu de signalisation a diffraction, notamment pour vehicule automobile
DE10028456A1 (de) * 2000-06-08 2001-12-13 Bosch Gmbh Robert Scheinwerfer für Fahrzeuge und Beleuchtungseinrichtung mit wenigstens einem solchen Scheinwerfer
FR2815425B1 (fr) * 2000-10-12 2003-10-31 Holophane Piece de matiere transparente et lentille de phares de vehicules
DE102006043402B4 (de) 2006-09-15 2019-05-09 Osram Gmbh Beleuchtungseinheit mit einem optischen Element
US8556482B2 (en) 2007-07-26 2013-10-15 Docter Optics Se Method for producing a headlamp lens for a motor-vehicle headlamp
EP2500629B1 (de) * 2011-03-15 2017-09-06 SMR Patents S.à.r.l. Aussenspiegel eines Fahrzeugs mit Beleuchtungseinheit samt Mikrooptiken
DE102016225153B4 (de) * 2016-12-15 2018-07-12 Magna Mirrors Holding Gmbh Beleuchtungseinheit
US11131864B2 (en) * 2018-04-06 2021-09-28 Magna Closures, Inc. Holographic display within a vehicle external part

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4536833A (en) * 1984-04-16 1985-08-20 Knoll International, Inc. Lighting fixture utilizing a multi-layered hologram as a lens element
JP2705245B2 (ja) * 1989-09-27 1998-01-28 キヤノン株式会社 ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置
JP2808780B2 (ja) * 1990-01-30 1998-10-08 日産自動車株式会社 車両用灯具
JPH0434804A (ja) * 1990-05-31 1992-02-05 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 採光装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0584547A1 (de) 1994-03-02
ITTO920635A0 (it) 1992-07-24
DE69318354T2 (de) 1998-09-10
ITTO920635A1 (it) 1994-01-24
DE69318354D1 (de) 1998-06-10
ES2115701T3 (es) 1998-07-01
IT1256892B (it) 1995-12-27

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