EP0565481B1 - Dispositif de détection d'étiquettes - Google Patents

Dispositif de détection d'étiquettes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0565481B1
EP0565481B1 EP93810137A EP93810137A EP0565481B1 EP 0565481 B1 EP0565481 B1 EP 0565481B1 EP 93810137 A EP93810137 A EP 93810137A EP 93810137 A EP93810137 A EP 93810137A EP 0565481 B1 EP0565481 B1 EP 0565481B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transmitter
receiver
background
sweep
signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93810137A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0565481A1 (fr
Inventor
Burckart Kind
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Actron Entwicklungs AG
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Actron Entwicklungs AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Actron Entwicklungs AG filed Critical Actron Entwicklungs AG
Publication of EP0565481A1 publication Critical patent/EP0565481A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0565481B1 publication Critical patent/EP0565481B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
    • G08B13/2405—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting characterised by the tag technology used
    • G08B13/2414—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting characterised by the tag technology used using inductive tags
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
    • G08B13/2465—Aspects related to the EAS system, e.g. system components other than tags
    • G08B13/2468—Antenna in system and the related signal processing
    • G08B13/2471—Antenna signal processing by receiver or emitter
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
    • G08B13/2465—Aspects related to the EAS system, e.g. system components other than tags
    • G08B13/2488—Timing issues, e.g. synchronising measures to avoid signal collision, with multiple emitters or a single emitter and receiver

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for the detection of labels which are used for theft protection of goods and are provided with an electrical resonance circuit with a resonance frequency (f R ) in the MHz range, the device comprising a transmitter and a receiver, of which the transmitter a transmission signal sequence is generated and emitted via a transmission antenna, the frequency of which is wobbled in wobble cycles over the predetermined resonance frequency of the labels, and the presence of a label in the area between the transmitting and receiving antenna is detected in the receiver by evaluating signals received via a receiving antenna becomes.
  • f R resonance frequency
  • Devices of this type are known in several versions and in use. Common to all devices is the problem of discriminating the relatively weak label signals from the interference background that is always present and false alarms to avoid. In particular, there are particular difficulties in the case of disturbances which are caused by diffractions and reflections of the high-frequency electromagnetic waves emitted by the transmitting antenna on all possible objects in the vicinity, such as walls or objects. Such disturbances can namely be very similar to the label signals sought, in which case they cannot be easily eliminated by filtering.
  • the transmission signal sequence in the transmitter is generated digitally and with a corresponding phase position with respect to each wobble cycle.
  • the signals received by means of the receiving antenna are sampled and digitized synchronously in the receiver with the signal generation in the transmitter.
  • a background is formed from the digitized signal values of n wobble cycles. This is subtracted from the digitized signal values of the last wobble cycle or from a foreground, which is formed like the background, but only using the digitized signal values of the last m wobble cycles.
  • the number n is considerably larger (preferably by one to two orders of magnitude) than the number m.
  • the disturbances critical for label discrimination are practically stationary in comparison to the label signals, i.e. always appear in the same way in a large number of successive wobble cycles. This is actually the case as far as the disturbances caused by the aforementioned diffractions and reflections are concerned, but only if in each wobble cycle exactly the same signal sequence, each with an exactly matching phase position, is emitted via the transmitting antenna.
  • the label signals are subject to a temporal change with regard to their occurrence, if only because the labels are inevitably moved when they pass the antenna arrangement.
  • the signal sequence emitted via the transmitting antenna is generated digitally in the transmitter.
  • the very critical phase condition can be met relatively simply and with sufficient precision.
  • the sampling in the receiver is carried out synchronously with the signal generation in the transmitter.
  • Fig. 1 only the device components essential for understanding the inventive idea are shown. As far as in Fig. 1 it concerns multi-bit data connections (with e.g. 16 bits), these are drawn widened. In Fig. 2, the actually very high-frequency processes are shown at low frequency for graphic reasons.
  • the clock generator generates a clock signal sequence with a clock frequency of approximately 48 MHz. This is therefore several times higher than the resonance frequency of the resonance circuits on the labels to be detected, which is usually predetermined at approximately 8.2 MHz, or that of the signal sequence to be generated by the transmitter 1 for this purpose.
  • the clock signal is reduced in the transmitter 1 in a frequency reducer 4 (for example by a factor of 9) and then fed to a modulo-m counter 5. At its data output, this supplies the numbers from 0 to m as input variables for a downstream function generator 6 in the sequence of the reduced clock rate.
  • the wobble cycles are determined by the cycle of the modulo-m counter 5. Their frequency is usually chosen between 80 and 85 Hz.
  • the function generator 6 is preferably a PROM (with a storage capacity of, for example, 1 megabyte), in which a function table is stored.
  • the stored function values correspond to the phase angle increment ⁇ for the signal sequence to be generated digitally in the transmitter 1.
  • Fig. 2 the phase angle increment as a function of time t is shown schematically under a). Because of its discrete generation, the temporal course of the phase angle increment is step-shaped, with the function value changing in the rhythm of the reduced clock. This is shown in FIG. 2 a) only on the left at the beginning of the time scale, whereas the staircase curve is continuously extended at larger times to make it easier to see the course of the function.
  • the course of the function is sinusoidal around a phase angle increment value ⁇ o and not, as is usually the case with wobbling, selected as a sawtooth.
  • the sinusoidal function course advantageously results in fewer harmonics.
  • phase angle increment values supplied by the function generator 6 are in the rhythm of those supplied directly by the clock generator, i.e. clock signal, which is not reduced, is accumulated by binary addition in order to form the values for the phase angle ⁇ therefrom.
  • the phase angle values ⁇ are fed as input variables to a further function generator 8. Due to the predetermined number of bits of the accumulator 7, its value is automatically limited.
  • the further function generator delivers a fixed amplitude value of the signal sequence to be generated for each phase angle value.
  • the amplitude values of the signal sequence to be generated in turn correspond to values of the sine function.
  • the digital-to-analog converter 9 is used to convert the signal values supplied by the further function generator 8 into an analog voltage signal. Its output signal is smoothed by means of the low-pass filter 10 before it is fed to the transmission antenna 11 as a transmission signal.
  • Fig. 2 shows under b) on the left at the beginning of the time scale, the discrete voltage values supplied by the digital-to-analog converter 9 and, over the entire time scale shown, the transmission signal curve resulting after filtering by means of the low-pass filter 10. 2 b) clearly shows how the frequency of this curve increases or decreases over the wobble cycle shown in FIG. 2 a) (usually about +/- 10%).
  • the signal sequence received via the receiving antenna is first demodulated by combining it with the pure, i.e. undisturbed transmission signal is multiplied.
  • the transmission signal must be transmitted by the transmitter 1 not only by air but also directly to the receiver 2 via a line connection.
  • the demodulation in the mixer 13 using the pure, undisturbed transmission signal instead of the otherwise usually usual demodulation by multiplying the interference-affected reception signal by itself contributes significantly to the interference reduction.
  • a background is formed in the background generator 16 from the digitized signal values of the n (e.g. 800) wobble cycles preceding the respective last wobble cycle and subtracted in the difference generator 17 from the digitized signal values of the respectively last wobble cycle.
  • n e.g. 800
  • m e.g. 16
  • wobble cycles are combined to form a "foreground” and the background is then formed from n '(e.g. 50) such "foregrounds”.
  • the background is then correspondingly not only subtracted from the digitized signal values of the last wobble cycle, but from the last "foreground” formed.
  • the background formation and subtraction serves to distinguish interference "S" in the "DC voltage component", which is caused, in particular, by reflections, diffractions and superimpositions of the transmitted signal and is practically permanently present, from interference "S" caused by a resonance circuit will.
  • background formation in the background former 16 storage means must be provided, in which the digitized signal values determined by scanning can be stored cycle by cycle.
  • the signal values belonging to a wobble cycle each form a data record.
  • the background formation is carried out by adding the signal values determined at the same sampling time within the wobble cycles used for background formation and then dividing the total values obtained by the number of wobble cycles used for background formation, i.e. be standardized to this number.
  • the formation of the “foreground” mentioned is basically done in the same way.
  • the background subtraction in the difference former 17 is also carried out separately with respect to the individual sampling times.
  • the data record that results after the background subtraction is finally fed to an evaluation unit 18, in which it is further evaluated.
  • the evaluation unit can be of a known type and is therefore not further described here.
  • it makes the decision about the presence of a resonance circuit in the area between the transmission antenna 11 and the reception antenna 12.
  • On a line 19 it generates an alarm signal in the event that the presence of a resonance circuit is determined.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Labeling Devices (AREA)
  • Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Dispositif de détection d'étiquettes qui servent à empêcher le vol de marchandises et comprennent un circuit électrique résonnant (21) présentant une fréquence de résonance (fR) située dans la plage des MHz, ledit dispositif comprenant un émetteur (1) et un récepteur (2), l'émetteur produisant une séquence de signaux d'émission qui est diffusée par une antenne émettrice (11) dont la fréquence est vobulée en cycles de vobulation au-delà de la fréquence de résonance prédéfinie des étiquettes, et le récepteur détectant, par analyse de signaux reçus par l'intermédiaire de l'antenne réceptrice (12), la présence d'une étiquette dans la zone comprise entre l'antenne émettrice et l'antenne réceptrice, caractérisé en ce que, dans l'émetteur, la séquence de signaux d'émission est produite en mode numérique et avec un phasage concordant par rapport à chaque cycle de vobulation, en ce que, dans le récepteur, les signaux reçus au moyen de l'antenne réceptrice sont, à l'issue d'une démodulation, captés et numérisés de manière synchrone avec la production de signaux dans l'émetteur, en ce qu'un arrière-plan est formé à partir des valeurs de signaux numérisées de n cycles de vobulation, et en ce que cet arrière-plan est soustrait des valeurs de signaux numérisées du dernier cycle de vobulation ou d'un avant-plan qui, à la différence de l'arrière-plan, est formé en utilisant seulement les valeurs de signaux numérisées des m derniers cycles de vobulation, n étant nettement supérieur à m.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'émetteur (1) et le récepteur (2) sont cadencés par le même générateur de rythme (3) ou par des générateurs de rythme synchronisés entre eux, le générateur de rythme (3) produisant un signal d'horloge à une fréquence d'horloge qui est supérieure d'un multiple, par exemple d'environ un facteur 5 à 6, à la fréquence de résonance prédéfinie des circuits résonnants (21) placés sur les étiquettes.
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que, dans l'émetteur, les valeurs d'amplitude de la séquence de signaux d'émission sont produites numériquement sous forme discrète de la même manière pour tous les cycles de vobulation et transformées ensuite en valeurs de tension par conversion numérique-analogique.
  4. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que, dans le récepteur, la démodulation des signaux reçus au moyen de l'antenne réceptrice s'effectue en multipliant ces signaux par la séquence de signaux d'émission reçus directement de l'émetteur et également envoyés à l'antenne émettrice.
EP93810137A 1992-04-07 1993-02-25 Dispositif de détection d'étiquettes Expired - Lifetime EP0565481B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1132/92 1992-04-07
CH113292 1992-04-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0565481A1 EP0565481A1 (fr) 1993-10-13
EP0565481B1 true EP0565481B1 (fr) 1997-06-11

Family

ID=4203248

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93810137A Expired - Lifetime EP0565481B1 (fr) 1992-04-07 1993-02-25 Dispositif de détection d'étiquettes

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5349339A (fr)
EP (1) EP0565481B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH06103472A (fr)
AT (1) ATE154459T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59306713D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5570086A (en) * 1992-02-18 1996-10-29 Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. Data carrier system
FR2711440B1 (fr) * 1993-10-18 1996-02-02 France Telecom Dispositif à pureté spectrale pour l'échange d'informations à distance entre un objet portatif et une station.
US6310963B1 (en) * 1994-09-30 2001-10-30 Sensormatic Electronics Corp Method and apparatus for detecting an EAS (electronic article surveillance) marker using wavelet transform signal processing
DE4436977A1 (de) * 1994-10-15 1996-04-18 Esselte Meto Int Gmbh Anlage zur elektronischen Artikelüberwachung
DE4436978A1 (de) 1994-10-15 1996-04-18 Esselte Meto Int Gmbh Anlage zur elektronischen Artikelüberwachung
US5537094A (en) * 1995-01-27 1996-07-16 Sensormatic Electronics Corporation Method and apparatus for detecting an EAS marker using a neural network processing device
NL9500397A (nl) * 1995-03-01 1996-10-01 Nedap Nv Artikelbeveiligingssysteem met een pseudo-random generator.
KR19980703681A (ko) * 1995-04-07 1998-12-05 워렌리차드보비 적응 필터링 기능 및 디지털 검출 기능을 갖는 전자식 물체감시 시스템
EP0700026A1 (fr) 1995-07-25 1996-03-06 Actron Produktion AG Procédé et dispositif de détection à distance de circuits résonnants électriques
US5699045A (en) * 1996-06-06 1997-12-16 Sensormatic Electronics Corporation Electronic article surveillance system with cancellation of interference signals
DE19642985A1 (de) * 1996-10-18 1998-04-23 Esselte Meto Int Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Überwachung eines elektronischen Sicherungselementes in einer Abfragezone
DE19644927A1 (de) * 1996-10-29 1998-04-30 Esselte Meto Int Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Überwachung eines elektronischen Sicherungselementes in einer Abfragezone
DE19647905A1 (de) * 1996-11-20 1998-05-28 Meto International Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Überwachung eines elektronischen Sicherungselementes in einer Abfragezone
US5790031A (en) * 1997-01-13 1998-08-04 Trw Inc. Apparatus and method for sensing a rearward facing child seat with error detection
US7877387B2 (en) * 2005-09-30 2011-01-25 Strands, Inc. Systems and methods for promotional media item selection and promotional program unit generation
CN101506796A (zh) * 2005-12-19 2009-08-12 斯专兹有限公司 用户-用户推荐器
EP2304597A4 (fr) * 2008-05-31 2012-10-31 Apple Inc Technologie de recommandation adaptative
US8311485B2 (en) * 2010-01-13 2012-11-13 Sensormatic Electronics, LLC Method and system for receiver nulling using coherent transmit signals
CN112633022B (zh) * 2020-12-04 2023-06-27 北京信息科技大学 一种射频标签安检机

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL8202951A (nl) * 1982-07-21 1984-02-16 Nedap Nv Absorptiedetectiestelsel.
US4531117A (en) * 1983-07-05 1985-07-23 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Variable frequency RF electronic surveillance system
CA1234892A (fr) * 1984-02-16 1988-04-05 Pierre Taillefer Systeme de detection pour etiquettes anti-vol
US5023598A (en) * 1990-01-02 1991-06-11 Pitney Bowes Inc. Digital signal processor for electronic article gates
US5300922A (en) * 1990-05-29 1994-04-05 Sensormatic Electronics Corporation Swept frequency electronic article surveillance system having enhanced facility for tag signal detection

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE154459T1 (de) 1997-06-15
EP0565481A1 (fr) 1993-10-13
DE59306713D1 (de) 1997-07-17
JPH06103472A (ja) 1994-04-15
US5349339A (en) 1994-09-20

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