EP0544063B1 - Sicherheitsbindung für Alpinski - Google Patents

Sicherheitsbindung für Alpinski Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0544063B1
EP0544063B1 EP92114436A EP92114436A EP0544063B1 EP 0544063 B1 EP0544063 B1 EP 0544063B1 EP 92114436 A EP92114436 A EP 92114436A EP 92114436 A EP92114436 A EP 92114436A EP 0544063 B1 EP0544063 B1 EP 0544063B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
base
ski
elastic return
fact
vertical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP92114436A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0544063A1 (de
Inventor
Christian Challande
Gilles Renaud Goud
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Salomon SAS
Original Assignee
Salomon SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=9419469&utm_source=***_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0544063(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Salomon SAS filed Critical Salomon SAS
Publication of EP0544063A1 publication Critical patent/EP0544063A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0544063B1 publication Critical patent/EP0544063B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Revoked legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C9/00—Ski bindings
    • A63C9/08—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings
    • A63C9/085—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with sole hold-downs, e.g. swingable
    • A63C9/08507—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with sole hold-downs, e.g. swingable with a plurality of mobile jaws
    • A63C9/08521—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with sole hold-downs, e.g. swingable with a plurality of mobile jaws pivoting about a vertical axis, e.g. side release
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C9/00—Ski bindings
    • A63C9/08—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings
    • A63C9/085—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with sole hold-downs, e.g. swingable
    • A63C9/08507—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with sole hold-downs, e.g. swingable with a plurality of mobile jaws
    • A63C9/08514—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with sole hold-downs, e.g. swingable with a plurality of mobile jaws pivoting about a transversal axis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C9/00—Ski bindings
    • A63C9/08—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings
    • A63C9/085—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with sole hold-downs, e.g. swingable
    • A63C9/08557—Details of the release mechanism
    • A63C9/08564—Details of the release mechanism using cam or slide surface

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a front ski binding element, which is intended to retain the end of a boot bearing on a ski, and to release this end when it exerts excessive stress on the binding element.
  • the front ski binding elements which are currently known usually comprise a base which is intended to be secured to the ski, a body which is carried by this base, in which is generally housed an elastic return mechanism.
  • the body itself carries a retaining member, which, most often, consists of a vertical stop or sole clamp which retains the end of the shoe vertically, and two lateral wings which retain the end of the shoe laterally. The stresses on the shoe are transmitted to the elastic return device via the retaining member.
  • the invention relates more particularly to those which have a body movable vertically, but not laterally, the body being connected to the base in the front part of the binding.
  • Such a fixing is for example known, from the French patent application published under No. 2,640,516.
  • This fixing has a body movable vertically relative to the base, against the restoring force of an elastic device which is housed inside the body.
  • An elastically deformable zone located in the front part of the fixing element, continuously connects the body to the base.
  • the wings are articulated relative to the body, and they are movable laterally against the force of (call of an energy spring.
  • the means which ensure the vertical return of the body include a vertical rod, which is connected to an articulated rocker.
  • the rocker itself has a branch which is in abutment against a piston.
  • the energy spring is stressed by the vertical elevation of the body, or by the lateral opening of the wings
  • the body is therefore movable vertically in response to a vertical stress on the shoe, against the return force of the spring which is transmitted to it by the rocker and the rod.
  • the elevation of the body allows either an automatic adaptation of the fastening element to the thickness of the sole, or allows to facilitate the release of the boot in the event of a fall towards the rear of the skier.
  • Another object of the invention is to add an elastic means for vertical return of the body which is easily integrated into the fixing element, that is to say a means whose nature and size allow it to 'exercise the desired function, that is to say the recall of the body, without disturbing the operation of the fastener and without requiring significant transformations of the element.
  • One of the aims of the present invention is to provide a fastening element of this type, in which the elastic return of the body, in a vertical direction, is ensured by a device which is simpler and therefore more economical to manufacture.
  • the front ski binding element comprises a base by which the element is assembled to the ski. It also comprises a body movable relative to the base, parallel to the vertical and longitudinal median plane of the ski.
  • the body carries a member for retaining the end of the shoe, which is constituted by a sole clamp connected integrally to the body for vertical movement, and two lateral wings movable relative to the body against the restoring force d '' an energy device that is housed in the body or base.
  • the body and the base are connected to each other in their anterior parts, so as to allow the body to tilt parallel to the vertical and longitudinal median plane of the ski, in response to a vertical stress on the boot on the clamp. -sole.
  • an elastic return means independent of the elastic return device which recalls the wings, connects the rear part of the body to the base, and elastically recalls the rear part of the body in the direction of the base.
  • Figure 1 shows a side view, and in section of a fixing element before, according to a non-limiting implementation of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view II-II of the device shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view through a plane III-III of the device of FIG. 1.
  • Figure 4 shows in perspective an elastic return means of the body towards the base, according to a non-limiting mode of implementation of the invention.
  • Figure 4a corresponds to an alternative embodiment of this elastic return means.
  • FIG. 5 is an alternative embodiment of the device of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the fixing element shown in FIG. 1.
  • Figure 7 illustrates another alternative embodiment of the elastic return means of the body.
  • FIG. 8 shows in perspective the elastic return means of the device shown in FIG. 7.
  • FIGS 1 to 3 show a fastening element 1 which is assembled on a ski 2.
  • the fastening element 1 shown has many characteristics similar to those which have already been described in French patent application No. 2 640 516 au name of the applicant.
  • the fixing element 1 has a base 3 by which the fixing element is assembled to the ski by any suitable means, and for example by screws 4.
  • the base 3 is extended towards the rear by a plate d 'support 5 on which the front end of the boot rests when skiing. Seen from above, the base 3 has a U shape open towards the rear, which creates a recess 6 in its central part.
  • the fastening element 1 also comprises a body 8, which is connected to the base 3 by an elastically deformable zone 10.
  • This zone 10 continuously connects the body 8 and the base 3, so so that these three elements in fact form only one single piece. In the adopted representation, this zone is located in the front part of the fixing element.
  • a pot 11 In the lower part of the body is a pot 11, preferably provided with a peripheral lining 12.
  • the stud 11 extends vertically in the direction of the base, where it is engaged between the two lateral legs of the U. Laterally , the pot has a dimension which corresponds substantially to the width of the recess 6. The pot 11 guides the body 8 relative to the base 3 during its vertical movements.
  • the elastically deformable zone 10, in cooperation with the stud 11, allows the body 8 to tilt, parallel to the vertical and longitudinal median plane of the ski, that is to say the plane of FIG. 1.
  • this mode of connection between the body and the base is not limiting, any other suitable means could indeed be appropriate, in particular an articulation by means of a transverse axis located between the body and the base, or the cooperation of shapes in protrusion and relief of the body and the base, which create an axis of rotation of the body relative to the base.
  • a fastening element of this type is for example described in French patent application No. 2,642,656 in the name of the applicant.
  • the body 8 In its rear part, the body 8 carries a retaining member 15.
  • the retaining member is intended to retain the end of the boot bearing on the ski, and therefore, to oppose, the stresses of the boot which have a vertical upward, lateral, or longitudinal forward direction.
  • the retaining member 15 comprises in particular a sole clamp 16, which provides the front toe of the shoe with a horizontal bearing surface ensuring the vertical retention of the latter.
  • the sole clamp 16 is an insert, which is assembled to the body by the cooperation of corresponding shapes and by a pin shown diagrammatically at 17.
  • the retaining member 15 further comprises two lateral retaining wings 20 and 21, which are articulated relative to the body about an approximately vertical axis 22 and 23.
  • the wings have, beyond the axes 22 and 23 , a small arm the end of which is supported on a piston 25, this piston being guided inside the body 8 for movement in a longitudinal direction.
  • the movement of the piston 25, which takes place during the stress upon opening one of the wings, takes place against the elastic return force of a spring 26.
  • the preload of the spring can be adjusted in a known manner by means of a screw 27.
  • an elastic return means connects the rear part of the body to the base, to elastically oppose such movements.
  • This elastic return means is independent of the energy means which ensures the elastic return of the lateral wings 20 and 21, that is to say, the spring 26.
  • the vertical elastic return means of the body is a coil spring 30, which is more easily visible in Figure 4.
  • the coil spring 30 is housed partly in the recess 6 of the base 3, and partly in a recess of the body located behind the pot 11.
  • the spring has two symmetrical lateral windings 31 and 32, which are interconnected by a horizontal and raised central part 33 which, preferably, is offset substantially backwards relative to the windings 31 and 32
  • This central part 33 is intended to fit into the lower part of a downward extension 34 of the sole clamp 16, which has the shape of a hook 36.
  • this central part 33 is connected to the body by the intermediate of the sole clamp 16 for all vertical movements, in particular those upwards.
  • the dimensions in section of the extension 34 are provided to support at least the maximum restoring force developed by the spring 30.
  • the free ends of the spring 30 are also provided with means for hooking to the base. These means are shown in the form of an end bent laterally outward 37, 38. The ends 37 and 38 are engaged in housings 39, 40 that the base has in its two lateral branches to receive these ends.
  • the base 3 ensures the resumption of the return efforts of the springs that the vertical movements of the body 8 generate.
  • Figure 4a shows an end 37a which is extended by a bent segment extending longitudinally rearward.
  • the housings of the base then have a corresponding shape to receive these doubly bent ends. This distributes over a greater length of the base the forces that the ends of the spring 30 transmit to the base.
  • the return energy of the spring is developed not only by the deformation of the turns, but also by the twisting of the ends 37a.
  • the number of turns of each winding 31 and 32 is not limiting. It is about one and a half turns in the example shown.
  • FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment, according to which the spring 40 works in reverse, that is to say in the winding.
  • This spring has windings 41 and 42 in opposite directions to the windings 31 and 32. It also has a central part 43 and free ends 47 and 48 similar to the elements 33, 37 and 38 of the spring 30.
  • FIG. 6 presents another variant according to which the spring 50 has windings the direction of which is similar to that of the spring 30.
  • the central part 53 is largely offset upwards relative to the windings, in order to catch on the body , in the upper part thereof, in a housing 54 which is located approximately at the height of the horizontal surface of the sole clamp.
  • the boot subjects the front binding element to stresses, in particular to vertical stresses upwards. These stresses are transmitted to the body 8, via the sole clamp, and cause the upward tilting of the body around the elastically deformable zone 10, both against the elastic restoring force, or the elastic restoring moment which is generated by this area, and the elastic restoring force which is developed by the spring 30, 40 or 50. It should also be emphasized that this latter elastic return force is independent of the energy spring 26, and therefore of the adjustment of the spring 26 for the lateral opening movement of the wings.
  • FIG. 7 represents an alternative embodiment of the invention according to which the elastic return means of the body is a spring 60 which works mainly with torsion.
  • the spring 70 is visible in perspective in FIG. 8. It has a horizontal and raised central part 63 which is housed in the hook-shaped lower part 66 of an attached element identical to the sole clamp 16 of FIG. 1.
  • the spring 60 On each side of the central part 63, the spring 60 has a doubly bent part 61, 62, the two parts being symmetrical with respect to each other.
  • Each doubly bent portion 61, 62 has a longitudinal segment 61a, 62a, a torsion segment 61b, 92b oriented transversely and a longitudinal end segment 61c, 62c.
  • the end segments 61c, 62c and part of the torsion segments 61b, 62b are embedded in housings 64 and 65 of the two lateral branches of the base 67.
  • the spring 60 thus connects the body via the hook 66, to the base 3 via the housings 64 and 65.
  • the vertical movements of the body mainly stress the spring 60 to torsion at the level of the transverse torsion segments 61b and 62b.
  • the spring 60 ensures the elastic return of the body in the direction of the base, and the return force that it develops is independent of the return force of the energy spring which recalls the wings.
  • the spring 26 and the piston 25 could be placed and guided in a housing of the base, instead of a housing of the body.
  • the sole clamp could be constituted by the upper part of the retaining wings.
  • the wings being articulated relative to the body about approximately vertical axes, they transmit directly to the body the vertical forces to which the shoe subjects them.
  • the spring could be replaced by another elastic return means, for example a damping device.

Landscapes

  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Vorderes Element einer Skibindung, das dazu bestimmt ist das Ende eines Schuhes in Abstützung auf einem Ski zu halten und dieses Ende freizugeben, wenn es dieses Bindungselement einer übermaßigen Beanspruchung unterwirft, das eine Fußplatte (3) aufweist, durch die das Element an dem Ski angebracht ist,
    das außerdem einen Körper (8) aufweist, der beweglich bezuglich der Fußplatte (3) parallel zu einer vertikalen longitudinalen mittleren Ebene des Ski ist, wobei der Körper eine Rückhalteeinrichtung (15) des Endes des Schuhes trägt,
    wobei die Rückhalteeinrichtung durch eine Sohleneinspannvorrichtung (16), die auf feste Weise mit dem Körper (8) für eine vertikale Bewegung verbunden ist, und aus zwei seitlichen Flügeln (21, 22) gebildet ist, die beweglich bezüglich dem Körper gegen die Rückholkraft einer Energievorrichtung (25, 26) sind,
    wobei der Körper (8) und die Fußplatte (3) miteinander in ihrem vorderen Teil so verbunden sind, daß sie ein Kippen des Körpers (8) parallel zur vertikalen longitudinalen mittleren Ebene des Ski erlauben in Antwort auf eine vertikale Beanspruchung des Schuhes, die auf die Sohleneinspannvorrichtung (16) ausgeübt wird,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine elastische Rückholeinrichtung (30, 40, 50, 60), die unabhängig von der elastischen Rückholvorrichtung ist, die die Flügel der Rückhalteeinrichtung zurückholt, den Körper (8) mit der Fußplatte (3) verbindet und elastisch den hinteren Teil des Körpers in der Richtung der Fußplatte zurückholt.
  2. Element gemaß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elastische Rückholeinrichtung (30, 40, 50) eine Sprungfeder ist, von der ein Teil (37, 38, 47, 48) mit der Fußplatte verbunden ist und ein anderer Teil (33, 43, 53) mit dem Körper verbunden ist.
  3. Element gemuß Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine vertikale Verlängerung (34), die fest mit dem hinteren Teil des Körpers (8) verbunden ist, in Richtung der Fußplatte (3) nach unten führt, und daß die Feder (33, 43) den unteren Teil (35) der Verlängerung (34) mit der Fußplatte verbindet.
  4. Element gemäß Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sohleneinspannvorrichtung (16) ein zusammengesetztes Teil des Körpers (8) ist und daß die vertikale Verlängerung (34) ein Monoblock-Teil mit der Sohlen-Einspannvorrichtung (16) bildet.
  5. Element gemäß Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elastische Rückholeinrichtung eine Sprungfeder (33) ist, deren Ausdehnung das Abwickeln der Windungen (31, 32) hervorruft.
  6. Element gemaß Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elastische Rückholeinrichtung eine Sprungfeder (43) ist, deren Ausdehnung das Aufwickeln der Windungen (41, 42) hervorruft.
  7. Element gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elastische Rückholeinrichtung (30, 40, 50) teilweise in der Fußplatte (3) und teilweise in dem Körper (8) aufgenommen ist.
  8. Element gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elastische Rückholeinrichtung eine Feder (60) ist, die prinzipiell auf Verdrehung arbeitet.
EP92114436A 1991-11-25 1992-08-25 Sicherheitsbindung für Alpinski Revoked EP0544063B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9114756A FR2684016B1 (fr) 1991-11-25 1991-11-25 Element de fixation de securite de ski alpin.
FR9114756 1991-11-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0544063A1 EP0544063A1 (de) 1993-06-02
EP0544063B1 true EP0544063B1 (de) 1995-03-08

Family

ID=9419469

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92114436A Revoked EP0544063B1 (de) 1991-11-25 1992-08-25 Sicherheitsbindung für Alpinski

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5388851A (de)
EP (1) EP0544063B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH05220252A (de)
AT (1) ATE119418T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69201631T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2684016B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0968742A1 (de) 1998-07-01 2000-01-05 HTM Sport- und Freizeitgeräte Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Freigabe eines in eine Sicherheitsskibindung eingesetzten Skischuhes und Anordnung für einen Skibindungsteil einer Sicherheitsskibindung

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4238657A1 (de) * 1992-11-16 1994-05-19 Marker Deutschland Gmbh Auslösende Skibindung
FR2741815B1 (fr) * 1995-12-04 1998-02-13 Salomon Sa Element de retenue de l'avant d'une chaussure sur une planche de glisse, notamment un ski
FR2966747B1 (fr) * 2010-10-29 2013-01-11 Salomon Sas Fixation de securite pour la pratique du ski.
JP6862978B2 (ja) * 2017-03-22 2021-04-21 富士電機機器制御株式会社 電気機器の端子装置

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2044264A1 (de) * 1969-09-05 1971-03-25 Reuge, Henri, Samte Croix, Vaud (Schweiz) Vorderer Anschlag fur Sicherheits Ski bindung
DE2364298A1 (de) * 1973-12-22 1975-06-26 Ver Baubeschlag Gretsch Co Ausloese-haltevorrichtung fuer sicherheitsskibindungen
DE2802775A1 (de) * 1978-01-23 1979-07-26 Ver Baubeschlag Gretsch Co Sicherheitsskibindung mit einem um eine querachse schwenkbaren gehaeuse
DE2835732A1 (de) * 1978-08-16 1980-02-21 Ver Baubeschlag Gretsch Co Sicherheitsskibindung
US4960289A (en) * 1987-07-24 1990-10-02 Tmc Corporation Endpiece body for safety ski bindings

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1505528A (fr) * 1966-10-28 1967-12-15 Salomon & Fils F Fixation élastique pour ski
US3604720A (en) * 1968-03-29 1971-09-14 Reuge Sa Safety attachment for skis
CH474278A (fr) * 1968-05-28 1969-06-30 Reuge Henri Fixation de ski
DE1937501C3 (de) * 1969-07-23 1974-10-03 Lusser Gmbh & Co, Ski-Sicherheitsbindungen Kg, 8000 Muenchen Fersenhaltevorrichtung für Skisicherheitsbindungen
AT376895B (de) * 1982-12-16 1985-01-10 Tyrolia Freizeitgeraete Ausloeseskibindung
AT382084B (de) * 1985-07-05 1987-01-12 Tyrolia Freizeitgeraete Sicherheitsskibindung
AT385205B (de) * 1986-06-10 1988-03-10 Tyrolia Freizeitgeraete Sicherheitsskibindung
FR2640516B1 (fr) * 1988-12-16 1991-03-29 Salomon Sa Fixation de securite pour ski destinee a maintenir, de facon declenchable, l'avant d'une chaussure montee sur le ski
AT391089B (de) * 1988-12-20 1990-08-10 Tyrolia Freizeitgeraete Vorderbacken
FR2642656B1 (fr) * 1989-02-09 1991-11-15 Salomon Sa Fixation de securite pour ski destinee a maintenir l'avant d'une chaussure montee sur le ski
AT396064B (de) * 1989-07-13 1993-05-25 Tyrolia Freizeitgeraete Fersenhalter

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2044264A1 (de) * 1969-09-05 1971-03-25 Reuge, Henri, Samte Croix, Vaud (Schweiz) Vorderer Anschlag fur Sicherheits Ski bindung
US3638959A (en) * 1969-09-05 1972-02-01 Henri Reuge Toe stop member for ski safety bindings
DE2364298A1 (de) * 1973-12-22 1975-06-26 Ver Baubeschlag Gretsch Co Ausloese-haltevorrichtung fuer sicherheitsskibindungen
DE2802775A1 (de) * 1978-01-23 1979-07-26 Ver Baubeschlag Gretsch Co Sicherheitsskibindung mit einem um eine querachse schwenkbaren gehaeuse
DE2835732A1 (de) * 1978-08-16 1980-02-21 Ver Baubeschlag Gretsch Co Sicherheitsskibindung
US4960289A (en) * 1987-07-24 1990-10-02 Tmc Corporation Endpiece body for safety ski bindings

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0968742A1 (de) 1998-07-01 2000-01-05 HTM Sport- und Freizeitgeräte Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Freigabe eines in eine Sicherheitsskibindung eingesetzten Skischuhes und Anordnung für einen Skibindungsteil einer Sicherheitsskibindung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH05220252A (ja) 1993-08-31
FR2684016B1 (fr) 1994-01-14
DE69201631T2 (de) 1995-08-10
EP0544063A1 (de) 1993-06-02
DE69201631D1 (de) 1995-04-13
US5388851A (en) 1995-02-14
ATE119418T1 (de) 1995-03-15
FR2684016A1 (fr) 1993-05-28

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