EP0524263A1 - Agencement d'antennes - Google Patents

Agencement d'antennes

Info

Publication number
EP0524263A1
EP0524263A1 EP19910908554 EP91908554A EP0524263A1 EP 0524263 A1 EP0524263 A1 EP 0524263A1 EP 19910908554 EP19910908554 EP 19910908554 EP 91908554 A EP91908554 A EP 91908554A EP 0524263 A1 EP0524263 A1 EP 0524263A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
ring
coupling
coil
resonance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19910908554
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Adalbert Kopera
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0524263A1 publication Critical patent/EP0524263A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • H01Q7/005—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop with variable reactance for tuning the antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna arrangement for detecting an alternating magnetic field, with a feedback of the signal inductively taken from the antenna with a power coupling element, preferably a coil, and amplified in an amplifier unit into the antenna via an inductive coupling with a coupling element to achieve a negative feedback Loss reduction.
  • This invention relates to a specially modified magnetic
  • Antenna system that can be used for both transmit and receive operations and includes the possibility of a deflation (negative feedback) as a special feature. What is essential here is the fact that the circuit losses in the components of the antenna which are due to resonance are compensated for by active electronic components. The damping criteria intervene directly in the antenna system (MAGNETIC LOOP) and subsequently in circuits for an electrical remote control of the antenna. A significant advantage over the prior art is the fact that the inventive system can be acted upon with relatively high power.
  • Fig.l shows the prior art for magnetic antennas, the empirically determined design parameters are given.
  • the modifications A, B represent purely capacitive coupling options.
  • the forms according to C, D, E, F, G are purely inductive coupling systems that are currently primarily used. What is important here is the fact that the commercially available transceivers (transmitting / receiving devices) have input impedances of 50 ohms and there should be a corresponding adaptation. Due to the extremely high resonance quality of these antennas, very considerable resonance voltages occur at the capacitive stages, which can be a few thousand volts depending on the transmission power. This in turn requires very expensive high quality variable capacitors.
  • an antenna system of the type mentioned at the outset is characterized in accordance with the invention in that, in order to form an antenna arrangement which is sharp and suitable for transmitting and / or receiving operation, a ring antenna, known per se, having one or more turns, with one
  • a capacitive tuning element preferably arranged electrically symmetrically in the ring antenna, is provided to form a resonance circuit for certain band areas, that a coupling device, preferably an induction coil, is electrically inductively integrated into the antenna ring, that the inductive power coupling element is inductively coupled to the coupling device and for decoupling of the received signal from the antenna ring into a transceiver connected to the power coupling element or for coupling the transmission signal of the transceiver into the coupling device or into the antenna ring that a Coupling element, preferably a coil, for part of the received signal connected to the antenna ring and / or the coupling device, in particular loosely coupled, is that the amplifier unit is
  • a method for damping according to the preamble of patent claim 19 is characterized according to the invention in that the received signal applied to the antenna ring is coupled out separately for reception and for amplification, in particular inductively, in that the amplified received signal - as is known per se - after amplification, coupling back into the antenna ring to achieve negative feedback, in particular inductively, and that the received signal coupled out of the antenna ring is corrected with respect to the phase position and is coupled back into the antenna ring in the correct phase.
  • the antenna arrangement according to the invention offers the possibility of being remotely operable by means of corresponding control cable connections.
  • the arrangement of range switches makes it possible to switch frequency ranges and, by using smaller ones Ferromagnetic toroidal cores, for example made of iron carbonyl, or of iron powder reduced with hydrogen, can be used to achieve excellent electrical properties in addition to simple reception coupling and energy supply in the transmitter.
  • the antenna system according to the invention operates with an excellent distortion factor, that is to say the smallest harmonic content in the transmission mode, relatively broadband.
  • the measures according to the invention result in a system attenuation with the largest thrust shafts and an increase in sensitivity, including a strong increase in the directional characteristic. Compared to an undamped magnetic loop system, the reception sensitivity could easily be increased by 24 dB.
  • the antenna arrangement comprises a device for permeability tuning, which is primarily designed for resonance tuning in the UHF and VHF range during power operation.
  • the construction of the antenna arrangement is expedient for manufacturing reasons on a carrier plate made of epoxy resin, since it already has favorable properties for high frequency.
  • the antenna ring can be constructed either in a conventional form as a metal ring or frame, or else in the form of active electronic elements applied to printed circuit boards.
  • the invention further relates to an antenna arrangement according to the preamble of patent claim 2, which is designed according to the invention in accordance with the features stated in the characterizing part of this patent claim.
  • This embodiment of the invention relates to a specially modified magnetic antenna system which can be used for both transmitting and receiving operation and which can also have a damping system which can be set manually but can also be used in automatic operation (negative feedback). It is essential here that the circuit losses in the resonance-dependent components of the antenna or the antenna, which is offset by 90 degrees, are compensated out by active electronic components via an amplifier.
  • the typical radiation angle of a magnetic ring antenna can be changed from 30 degrees to the horizontal, and due to asymmetrical ring current distribution in the ring legs, an additional energy directivity occurs on the receiver and transmitter side.
  • a combined antenna system with omnidirectional or omnidirectional reception properties is present with the same capacitive tuning elements.
  • the height component can be adapted to the actual electromagnetic transmission path by asymmetry due to detuning of both capacitive coupling elements.
  • the damping criteria intervene directly in the two antenna systems (MAGNETIC LOOP or 2nd MAGNETIC LOOPSYSTEM) and subsequently in circuits for electrical remote control of the antenna or antennas.
  • the double ring system can be used as a receiving observation system in both the horizontal and vertical directions by means of HF decoupling using chokes by means of a suitable control voltage, if necessary using a computer with a digital / analog converter become.
  • the antenna forms shown in the prior art in FIG. 1 "B" are essentially symmetrical antennas with the same resonance current profile in both ring legs and have a symmetrical reception or transmission characteristic of approximately 30 degrees to the horizontal.
  • the directional characteristic lies in the ring direction.
  • an antenna arrangement of the aforementioned type is characterized according to the invention in that a coupling device, preferably an induction coil, is integrated in the antenna ring, preferably an induction coil Coupling of the received signal from the antenna ring into the power coupling element of a transceiver or for coupling the transmission signal from the power coupling element into the coupling device provides that the capacitive tuning elements, which can preferably be regulated independently of one another, are preferably galvanically integrated directly on both sides, in particular symmetrically to the coupling device and that an inductance is provided in the antenna ring.
  • a coupling device preferably an induction coil
  • a coupling device preferably an induction coil, is integrated in the antenna ring, preferably an induction coil, for coupling the received signal from the antenna ring into the power coupling element or for coupling the transmission signal from the power coupling element into the coupling device; optionally, a decoupling element, preferably a coil, is connected to a part of the received signal to the antenna ring and / or the coupling device, in particular loosely coupled, and optionally an amplifier unit is connected to the decoupling element, the output signal of which corresponds to the amplified decoupled received signal and which in particular has a Einkoppeleleme ⁇ t, preferably a coil, loosely coupled to the coupling device, is essentially coupled in phase with the coupling device.
  • the generally used modification according to Fig.l is shown in "D".
  • the antenna ring with its capacitive tuning element is constructed symmetrically. Physically, the same resonance current intensity occurs in both ring halves and the resonance voltage has a minimum value at the lower ring part diametrically opposite the capacitive tuning element. This is also the reason why a symmetrical recording of the reception energy or delivery of the transmission signal occurs.
  • capacitive tunable elements which can have different capacitance values are provided directly at the connection points to the ring on the left and right sides. If these two capacitive resonance elements mentioned have the same design in terms of their capacitance value, the antenna system would have a symmetrical character. These capacities are expediently matched to unequal values.
  • An essential aspect is also the integration of an induction coil in a ring half.
  • a change in the capacitance values of both capacitive elements leads to a shift in the voltage minima already mentioned on the antenna ring.
  • Also has the geometric Arrangement of the induction coil has a direct effect on the ring point with the smallest resonance voltage. This effect leads to a change in the elevation angle of both the receiving and the transmitting side of the antenna ring.
  • asymmetrical current distribution in the antenna resonance ring which results from this, a very strong one-sided magnetic field emission of the ring leg through which the resonance current flows is shown in tests during transmission.
  • This antenna arrangement according to the invention offers the possibility of being remotely controllable by means of corresponding control cable connections.
  • range switches it is possible to switch frequency ranges (this is also possible by arranging suitable, easily screwable connecting lugs).
  • small ferromagnetic toroids e.g. from iron carbonyl, or from iron powder reduced with hydrogen, excellent electrical properties can be achieved in addition to simple reception coupling and supply of energy to the transciever.
  • the antenna system according to the invention operates with an excellent distortion factor, that is to say the smallest harmonic content in the transmission mode.
  • the measures of system damping according to the invention in particular measures of automatic system damping, result in an extremely high selectivity, increase in sensitivity and improvement of the directional properties.
  • this configuration makes it possible, by means of this "splitting" in the antenna resonance circuit, to use a single capacitive tuning element to significantly reduce the conditional total inductance, which is composed of the inductance of the antenna ring in total with the inductance of the energy coupling unit, so that it is possible to largely enlarge the ring dimension for a specific working frequency or range and to predefine a given antenna system over the widest band range.
  • FIG. 1 shows sketches of antennas belonging to the prior art
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic circuit structure of an antenna system according to the invention
  • FIGS. 3 and 3a show circuit diagrams for an amplifier unit
  • FIG. 3b shows a circuit diagram for a phase correction circuit
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of a 5
  • FIG. 6 a circuit diagram for the correction of the antenna resonance
  • FIG. 7 schematically the connection of two or more antenna systems
  • FIG. 8 schematic possibilities of a variable permeability
  • FIG. 9 shows a further embodiment of an antenna system according to the invention with a remote control and a permeability adjustable by this remote control
  • FIG. 11 in several detail views mechanical construction of an antenna system according to the invention
  • FIG. 12 the basic circuit structure of an antenna system according to the invention
  • FIG. 13 a diagram of the shift in the resonance voltage curve at the antenna ring and thus the design criterion for the change in the radiation or reception characteristics with variation of the or different ones capacitive balancing elements (s)
  • FIG. 14 the angle radiation coordinates of the antenna derived from FIG. 13,
  • FIG. 15 a diagram of the different radiation properties of the antenna. the observation of an amateur radio station, FIG.
  • Dielectric strength 45 kV / mm is a resonance ring made of Silberleitlach, e.g. ELECOLIT 479, preferably arranged in a screen printing process of width b as a copper conductor.
  • the inductance actually acting in the resonance circuit is composed of the sum of L1 (the inductance of the antenna ring (2)) and the inductance of the resonance coil 8, which is preferably added via range switch 7.
  • the essential element of the antenna system according to the invention is a central energy distribution element or coupling element 4.
  • This element 4 comprises a ferrite ring 5, a stray field bundling ring 6 which is arranged at a distance from the ferrite ring 5, the coupling coil 8 of a coupling device, the coupling coil 9 of a power coupling element, the coupling coil 10 of a coupling element and the coupling coil 11 of a coupling element.
  • Materials made of iron carbonyl powder or of hydrogen-reduced iron or other ferromagnets which are well known to the person skilled in the art are preferably used as ferromagnetic ring bodies.
  • the resonance condition of the antenna circuit 2, including the capacitance 3 or the inductance 8 is met.
  • the received power output of the signal or the power output of the antenna system to the transceiver 14 takes place with the power coupling element 9 via a coaxial cable connection 17, which accordingly has metal shields on both sides of the carrier plate 1.
  • the coupling device or the resonance coupling coil 8 and the power coupling element or the coupling winding 9 are closely coupled to one another.
  • it is important that the resonance coupling coil 8 has a certain number of turns, so that a perfect energy transport or energy delivery is ensured.
  • the reception sensitivity of the antenna system as a result of the stray flux of the ferromagnetic toroid 5 is improved if a loosely attached ferromagnetic stray coupling ring or auxiliary ring 6 is assigned to it, which is arranged at a short distance inside or above or outside.
  • the power supply device for the transceiver 14 is designated 15.
  • the amplifier units essentially consist of an amplification transistor 22 which is connected to the line 20 or to the phase correction circuit 13 or the decoupling element 10 via a coupling-in capacitor 28.
  • a broadband series resonance circuit 23 consisting of a capacitor, an inductor and a resistor, is connected between the base and the collector of the transistor 22.
  • the transistor 22 is changed via a VMOS transistor 24 via a control potentiometer 16 by shifting the operating point on the transistor 22 and changing the negative feedback ratios.
  • the amplified input signal is decoupled via the connecting line 18 into the coupling coil 11, which is coupled to the coupling device 8 in particular via the stray field coupling ring 6.
  • the signal amplification takes place with the aid of a capacitance diode 25, a choke 29 and a change in the negative feedback with the aid of the control potentiometer 16.
  • the inputs and outputs of the amplifier unit 12 are protected or blocked against RF voltages with protective diode combinations 26 and 27 in transmitter operation.
  • 3b shows an embodiment for the phase correction circuit 13.
  • the decoupled received signal arriving via the line 19 is coupled into a resonance circuit by means of a coil 31 or via a ferrite ring 30, which consists of a coil 33 and a capacitor 35, the coil taps using a range switch 34 are selectable.
  • the capacitor 35 is a tunable fixed capacitor.
  • FIG 4 An embodiment of an antenna system according to the invention is shown, in which the received signal is loosely coupled out directly from the antenna ring 2 via a relatively small ferrite core 37 via a coupling winding 38 and is fed to the phase position correction circuit 13.
  • FIG. 5 Since it is sometimes not easily possible to tune the capacitor 3 in the event of changes in the bandwidth or changes in the resonance behavior of the antenna circuit 2, an embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 5 in which the adjustable capacitor 3 is replaced by an adjustable fixed capacitor 42 which is preferably set in the middle of the band; the resonance of the antenna ring 2 is set or changed by a remote control, as is shown, for example, in FIG.
  • the very expensive variable capacitor 3 is thus dispensed with and is replaced by a pre-tunable fixed capacitor 42 which e.g. can consist of metal plate segments 42 (FIG. 12) arranged on both sides of the carrier plate 1 made of epoxy resin. One of the segments can be fixed on the carrier plate 1 and the second segment can be rotated and fixed relative to the first segment, which enables a presetting.
  • the carrier plate 1 made of epoxy resin serves as a dielectric.
  • the received signal or the output voltage of the coil 40 is connected to the remote control unit 41 via a connecting line 45, in particular a coaxial cable, via a low-capacity connecting line 47.
  • the remote control unit 41 comprises a resonance coil 48 arranged on a ferrite core 47 with coil taps that can be controlled by a range switch 50.
  • the resonance coil 48 is spigot-fed by the low-capacitance coaxial cable 47 via the tap point 53.
  • the range switch 50 is used for band selection.
  • the actual resonance tuning takes place with a variable capacitor 49, which can be designed as a cheap radio variable capacitor.
  • the AC apparent component removed from the coupling winding 40 is influenced via the resonance circuit 48, 49 in such a way that a resonance point-correcting apparent current is fed back into the output winding 40.
  • This process can be done both use for reception as well as for transmission.
  • the quality, ie the ratio L / C, is designed to be low, so that no high resonance voltages occur in the resonance circuit 48, 49.
  • the attenuations occurring in reception mode are eliminated according to the invention with the electronic damping system or the amplifier unit 12.
  • the returned Entdä tion signal intervenes via the coupling winding 40 in the resonant circuit 48,49.
  • the remote control unit 41 also contains the setting controller 16 of the attenuation amplifier or the amplifier unit 12.
  • a display device for the resonance condition consisting of a diode D1, a setting controller or potentiometer 52 and a display instrument 51, is provided in the remote control unit 41.
  • the setting is carried out at a low power level in transmission mode. It is noted that instead of the ring configurations mentioned in the description, cylindrical coils and other configurations can also be used in order to couple the components accordingly or to form corresponding inductances and permeabilities.
  • FIG. 7 shows an arrangement of two magnetic antenna systems coupled to one another, both of which have damping amplifiers 12 according to the invention.
  • the coupling coil 11 of the one antenna system is connected via lines 110 and 111 to the input of the attenuation amplifier 12 of the other antenna system, a phase rotation network 65 being arranged in the lines 110, 111 (see also FIG. 2).
  • the antenna coupling, lines 110 and 111 lead to the amplifier unit 12 * the system on the right is also dampened.
  • the degree of coupling of both antennas is too small, ie the distance a is too large, or if both antenna systems are not in one plane, the left active antenna system swings over and the attenuation criteria for the right attenuation system, which is inactive in terms of attenuation, are insufficient.
  • a clear directional polarization can be determined. It was found that the distance a is between 3 and 100 cm, in particular between 20 and 60 cm (shortwave range), approximately between 30 and 50 cm. It was found that each antenna system experienced an increase in sensitivity in one direction perpendicular to antenna ring 2 on the one hand and a decrease in sensitivity on the other hand, but the two antenna systems on the opposite sides of the common plane were highest Possess sensitivity.
  • phase rotation network 65 it was also shown that it was expedient if, in addition to the phase alignment given by the phase rotation network 65, there was a slight detuning of the resonance frequencies of the right or left antenna system; there were differences in a reception frequency between 14000 to 14350 kHz (20 m amateur band) of approx. 6 dB in both directions of radiation perpendicular to the plane of the antenna ring.
  • the change in the inductance can, as shown in FIG. 8a by a loop inductor 67 or as shown in FIG. 8b, by a divided loop inductor 67 or as shown in FIG.
  • the contents of the container are subjected to direct current via magnetic coils which are supplied with a rectangular voltage by a rectangular generator 74.
  • the pulse duty factor 73 of the square wave voltage can be adjusted with a setting regulator, in particular potentiometer 75.
  • the operating frequency of the square-wave generator 74 can be set by means of a setting controller 76, in particular a potentiometer.
  • the output signal of the square-wave generator 74 is adjusted with the setting controller 77 and controls a current-carrying transistor 78 which supplies the magnetic coils 69 or 70 or 71 surrounding the container 66 with current.
  • These magnetic windings can also be designed in various forms; Due to the pulsating DC current, the ferromagnetic powder is compressed in the container and the permeability is changed. Care is taken to ensure that the iron powder is compacted in the area of the conductor loops 67. It was found that significant densifications of the magnetic powder occurred in the area of the resonance coils 67, which assume an inductance-determining state as a result of the predefined command variables, such as duty cycle, frequency and amplitude level of the direct current field used for the premagnetization.
  • the resonance criterion in the resonant circuit can be kept sufficiently stable laterally in the switchable transmission and reception mode. Furthermore, the influence of temperature can be largely minimized by choosing suitable carrier substances.
  • such a permeability tuning system is built into the resonance circuit 48.80; the tap 53 of the resonance coil 48 is connected to the coupling coil 40 via a line 84; With the range selector switch 50 different coil areas can be tapped in order to be able to select different bandwidths.
  • a remote control unit 83 which contains the potentiometer 77, is connected via the line 82; potentiometers 75 and 76 are preset in unit 81.
  • the permeability matching device 79 In series with the resonant circuit 48, 80 is the permeability matching device 79, the permeability of which can be adjusted with the square-wave generator 74. It is therefore the delivery of a resona ⁇ z-corrective
  • the embodiment of a remote-controlled antenna system shown in FIG. 10 comprises the potentiometer 16 for setting the amplifier unit 12 and the potentiometer 77 in the remote control unit 83.
  • the connections to the remote control unit are made by means of shielded connecting cables 44 and 82.
  • the potentiometer 75 and 76 can be installed in the remote control unit. As such, it would also be possible to install the adjustable inductor or the winding (s) directly as an inductor in the antenna ring 2 and thus to have a tunable inductor in the antenna ring 2.
  • the presettable fixed capacitor 42 is mounted on a carrier plate 1 in addition to the resonance ring or the conductor track 2.
  • the rear side of the plate segment 43 is fixed via a groove recess 92 in the carrier plate 1 by means of a fixing screw 91.
  • the circuit board 1 carries the damping amplifier 12, which is provided with a metal cover 85.
  • the range switch 7 is also mounted on the printed circuit board 1.
  • FIG. 1 Various connectors are labeled 95.97.98 and 99.
  • the detail a shows in section the arrangements of the coupling and resonance windings.
  • a winding configuration made of Kapton or Resistofol is intended, which can be arranged in the form of conductor tracks to corresponding coils 109.
  • Kapton and Resistofol are thin, highly flexible conductor tracks; the corresponding coils can of course also be applied in wire form.
  • coaxial cables are only used in a few cases and special conductor coaxial constructions are made. Such a coax construction is shown in detail b.
  • the conductor guide 86 is located as a film on the carrier plate 1.
  • a dielectric insulating strip 88 for example a thin Teflon sheet, is located above this film path.
  • a metal cover 89 on the front, which is fixed at 90 to the carrier plate 1.
  • a further fixable cover strip 87 on the back of the circuit board 1.
  • Aluminum appears suitable for these cover strips. The corresponding wave resistance depends on the spatial and areal designs to be selected. If an epoxy resin plate laminated on one side is provided, the connecting bridges 100 must be made of copper. A short piece of coaxial cable 105 must also be used. In order to obtain a better transport option for the printed circuit board 1, it can be made foldable. This is shown in detail c.
  • the circuit board 1 is divided in the middle and the foldability is ensured by two steering mechanisms (101, 102, 103).
  • a solar generator 92 or solar collector for buffering a possible power supply battery of the transceiver 14 can be arranged in the free space of the antenna ring 2.
  • the cross-current charge controller required for this can also be arranged within the antenna ring; a decoupling of the energy gained can be done via a coaxial cable 94. If the collector element 92 is attached to the antenna or the carrier plate 1 after it has been opened, this can represent an essential factor for fixing the two antenna halves.
  • the antenna system can be set up or fastened with a foot 106, which is connected to the carrier plate 1 via fastening brackets 107.
  • the coupling between the individual components in the unit 4 usually takes place inductively, but under certain circumstances also capacitively with corresponding coil or winding elements.
  • the antenna ring 2 with its inductance represents a resonance circuit which can be tuned by the resonance circuit 48, 49 or 48, 79, 80 by coupling the resonance circuits.
  • FIG. 29 A replacement image of an antenna system according to the invention according to FIG. 2 is shown in FIG. 29.
  • the capacities occurring in the ring and on the components to one another were not taken into account in Fig. 29.
  • the essential element of the antenna system is a central energy distribution element or coupling element 230 with a ring coupling coil 8 and tuning capacitance elements Ckl (205) and Ck2 (206) directly attached to the winding ends of 8.
  • This element further comprises a ferrite ring 211, a stray field bundle ring 212 which is arranged at a distance from the ferrite ring 211, and a coupling coil 9 of a power coupling element.
  • Materials made of iron carbonyl powder or of hydrogen-reduced iron or other ferrous agents which are well known to the person skilled in the art are preferably used as the ferromagnetic ring body.
  • the resonance condition of the antenna circuit 2 is met, including the inductors 8 and 214.
  • the received power output of the signal or the power consumption from the transceiver 203 takes place with the power coupling element 9 via a coaxial cable connection 215 or 216, 215 being able to be implemented in a conductor coax construction 2,327,328,329 shown in FIG.
  • the coupling device or the resonance coupling coil 8 and the power coupling element or the coupling winding 9 are closely coupled to one another. It is for the functionality of the antenna system important that the resonance coupling coil 8 has a certain number of turns (more than one), so that a perfect energy transport or energy delivery is ensured.
  • a special feature of this invention is based on the fact that the unequal capacitance of the tuning capacitance elements Ckl and Ck2 causes a shift in the zero voltage point on the active antenna ring and a change or shift in the directional characteristic in the vertical height characteristic occurs on both antenna ring limbs and, moreover, due to the resulting asymmetry according to FIG .12, for example, a higher resonance current is effective in the left ring segment, so that this antenna system also has horizontal directivity properties.
  • the inductance 214 at a distance "a" in the antenna ring 2, which is also arranged on a small ferromagnetic ring core 213, is also of particular importance.
  • the angular distance "a" to the antenna base has a direct influence on both the horizontal and vertical directional characteristics of the antenna system.
  • a very favorable angular distance "a" to the base point of the antenna system has resulted in 42 degrees. It has been shown in the operation of the antenna that when Ckl and Ck2 are set symmetrically, a radiation angle of 20 degrees occurs in the already homogeneous free field.
  • Fig. 13 shows the stress distribution over the ring circumference and thus the location of the points with stress minima. This investigation was carried out in the frequency range from 14,000 Khz to 14,350 Khz with a coupled power of 300 mW. There was no shift in the voltage minima at the antenna ring 2 in this frequency range. The curve distortion occurring in the ring angle range of approximately 10 to 70 angular degrees can be attributed to the ring coupling element 233, 214. Of course, by appropriately selecting the capacities of Ckl and Ck2, adjustment to purely symmetrical operation with a voltage minimum of 180 degrees is possible. Fig. 13 also shows that the zone for resonance voltage minima becomes sharper when shifting towards symmetrical operation.
  • FIG. 14 shows the directional angle coordination occurring due to the setting parameters of Ckl and Ck2 for the specified setting criteria from a to d.
  • the resonance conditions were set with the remote control unit 217 shown in FIG. 17, the resonance adjustment of the antenna being carried out according to the invention by feeding in an inductive or capacitive apparent current component.
  • Fig. 15 shows a reception recording made on a Servogor-M from July 12, 1990, 3.15 local time between a "W4" amateur radio station from Memphis-Tennessee and an amateur radio station from the USSR Minsk to 14 253.4 kHz with an asymmetrically set one Single ring antenna system with a ring tension minimum of 193 degrees (elevation angle), accordingly 8 degrees to the vertical component (right illustration) and after swiveling the antenna ring by 180 degrees (left illustration).
  • the signal entering from "W4" had a height coordinate of 123 degrees.
  • the "W4" signal received by 8 degrees shows very strong fluctuations in the field strength, which, due to the sunspot activity (MUF) curve at the time, are apparently due to interference phenomena of the Fl and F2 layers in the ionosphere.
  • the antenna ring had a diameter of 100 cm and was facing west.
  • the ring coupling coil 214 contains a coil 218, which is likewise firmly coupled to the ferrite ring 213 and which is connected to the remote control unit 217 by means of a conductor coax construction 327, 328, 329 according to FIG. 218 and via a coax plug connection with the coax cable 220.
  • This remote control unit 217 contains a resonance coil 222 with winding taps arranged on a ferromagnetic toroid 221, a range switch 223 and a tuning capacitor 224. D
  • the resonance circuit (222 or 224) can be designed with a rather low quality factor.
  • the one removed by the coupling coil 218 and the remote control unit shows
  • a resonance point can be determined on the one hand on a standing wave measuring bridge arranged between 215 and 216, or with the help of an auxiliary coupling coil 229 arranged on the coupling element 330, the induced voltage is transmitted to a resonance indicator circuit in the remote control unit 217 via a coaxial connector construction 229 (2,327,328,329) via a coax connector connection with a coax cable 227 , consisting of an electrical display instrument 225, a demodulation diode D and an adjustment regulator 226 and provides information about the resonance adjustment.
  • Another way of finding the resonance point can be done by connecting the indicator circuit directly to the terminals 201, 202, it being possible to dispense with the auxiliary coupling coil 229 and the connection 228.
  • FIG. 18 shows a ring antenna system in the basic form shown in FIG. 17.
  • the basic version with the remote control device 217 is provided with the setting potentiometers Pl 232 and P2 233 for remote control of the attenuation amplifier system 230 according to FIG. 19, which is attached directly to the antenna.
  • the ring coupling coil 213, 214, 218 contains a loosely coupled coil 231, which is electrically connected to the damping amplifier system 230 (according to FIG. 19) via a conductor track coax construction 237.
  • the energy distribution element 230 contains an additionally loosely coupled coil 236, which is likewise connected to the damping amplifier system 230 according to FIG. 19 via a conductor coax construction 234.
  • the received antenna signal is coupled out of the antenna ring 2 via the coil 231, amplified in phase over 230 and subsequently over
  • FIG. 19 shows a circuit variant for the provided amplifier unit 230.
  • the amplifier unit essentially consists of an amplification transistor 248 and a broadband input circuit, consisting of a resonance coil 239, a range switch 241 and a switch, mounted on a ferromagnetic ring 240 Presettable capacitor C3 242, which feeds the input signal to be amplified to a protective diode network 243 via a coupling capacitor Ck 253.
  • the exact phase correction is achieved with a capacitance diode 246, a separating or capacitance diode matching capacitor 244 and an inductor 245.
  • a choke 247 is used for HF potential isolation of the control signal level to the capacitance diode 246.
  • the actual negative feedback network consists of the elements Rv, Pv, 249, 2R1 and Cg.
  • R2 represents the current limiting resistance to the low-impedance coupling coil 231.
  • the capacitance diode 246 mentioned with the capacitor 244 and the inductance L is also used according to the invention in addition to its phase-correcting use for adjusting the amplification, since the input signal coupled in via 253 provides a low control potential at 246 capacitive shunt.
  • the resistance value of the drain-source path by driving the gate potential at 250 leads to a change in the emitter voltage potential at 248 and consequently a change in the base-emitter potential occurs at transistor 248. This in turn changes its amplification properties in the non-linear part of the transistor characteristic.
  • the voltage level is specified with P1 232.
  • the protective diode combination 252 with the integrated isolating capacitor 251 protects the attenuation amplifier system on the collector side with regard to occurring HF voltage peaks in transmit mode. Accordingly, the potentiometer P1 232 according to FIG. 18 serves to roughly adjust the degree of attenuation of the amplifier 230 and P2 for fine adjustment as a result of the gain and phase correction.
  • FIG. 20 shows an automatic damping amplifier system 238, the function elements on the left-hand side corresponding in their mode of operation to those of FIG. 19.
  • the actual automatic mechanism of action is that if the damping energy in the antenna system is too high, the collector RF potential at transistor 248 rises.
  • the signal is applied to an amplifier VI 256 via a coupling capacitor 254 and the negative feedback resistor 255.
  • the gain of VI 256 is determined by resistors 255 and 259.
  • a resistor 260 is used for bias current balancing.
  • Pl is used to adjust the amplifier with regard to its zero balancing or as a switching threshold specification when the antenna system overshoots.
  • the amplified signal emitted by 256 is rectified by means of the diode 262 and applied to the subsequent operational amplifier 257 V2, the amplification of which is determined via the negative feedback resistor 264 and 266.
  • the zero adjustment is carried out with P2 265.
  • the amplified output signal emitted by V2 257 is connected to P4276, the voltage tap of which is applied to the gate of VMOS 267; a differentiator consisting of Cd 273 via Rl 274 via 247 acts as a DC voltage potential on 246. This means that a sudden excess of energy in the damping amplifier system 238 is immediately absorbed.
  • V2 257 acts via a setting potentiometer P3 269 via an integrating element 270, 271 on the gate of VMOS 268, the drain potential of which acts on the gate terminal of VMOS 250 and regulates the gain properties of transistor 48.
  • the amplified, in-phase output signal is applied to the ring coupling coil 231 via the conductor coax construction 237 Ante ⁇ nenri ⁇ g 2 out. 263 and 275 illustrate the temporal course of the two control signals.
  • FIG. 19a shows a damping amplifier system, the basic structure of which is described below can be implemented both in the systems in accordance with FIG. 19 and in the system in accordance with FIG.
  • the signal present at the capacitor 253 is fed via a coupling capacitor Ck 'to the gate Gl of a dual-gate MOSFET, the output DRAIN D of which is led to the base of the transistor 248.
  • a coupling capacitor Ck 'to the gate Gl of a dual-gate MOSFET the output DRAIN D of which is led to the base of the transistor 248.
  • the other input G2 of the dual-gate MOSFET there is a positive bias voltage, which uses the potentiometer PT to configure the gain setting. In this way, the transistor 248 is driven without power.
  • Fig. 21 illustrates a modification according to Fig. 18 with the difference that the received signal from the energy distribution element 330 via the conductor coax construction 234 is supplied to the attenuation amplifier system 230 on the input side and its amplified, in-phase output signal via a conductor coax construction 237 loosely into a coupling coil 312 of the energy distribution element 330 is coupled.
  • 230 and 312 are loosely coupled to one another on the ferrite ring 211 with the stray field bundle ring 212.
  • the gain level of 230 is set with P1 232 and the phase correction and the fine adjustment of the gain level of 230 are set with P2 233.
  • FIG. 23 illustrates a double ring system consisting of an antenna ring 2 and an antenna ring 289 offset by 90 degrees.
  • the common energy distribution element 330 consists of a single energy coupling coil 9 with a changeover switch 298 for impedance matching for wide frequency ranges. The removal of the E pfangssig ⁇ ales to the transceiver or the energy supply to this takes place with the coaxial cable 215.
  • Both antenna systems each have ring coupling coils 8 and 297, which are permanently inductively coupled to the energy coupling coil 9.
  • the frequency range selection is implemented independently in both antenna systems with the range switches 295 and 296.
  • the antenna system (RING 1) contains the two capacitive tuning elements Ckla and Ck2a, the Ring coil 214 and the control coil 218 for the remote control unit 278. These are also arranged on a ferromagnetic ring 213.
  • the supply of the resonance control variable to the remote control unit is accomplished with the coaxial cable 287.
  • the remote control side 278 contains the resonance coil 222 on the ferromagnetic ring 221, the range switch 223 and the tuning capacitor C1. The pre-vote again takes place with CKla and Ck2a.
  • the directional characteristic of this combined antenna system is tuned in that the differential capacitor Cd 280 is pre-tuned absolutely symmetrically.
  • the resonance conditions of both rings are then set by means of Cl 279 and C2 281 with the aid of the two resonance display indicators in the remote control unit 278, consisting of the demodulation diodes D1 and D2, the two display instruments 225 and 300.
  • P2j 286 and Plj 285 are used for adjusting the instruments.
  • An inventive feature is the fact that by adjusting the differential capacitor Cd 280 asymmetries are produced in both antenna systems, which entail a slight detuning of the respective resonance frequency for RING 1 and RING 2. A further direct influence is given by changes in Cl 279 and C2 281.
  • the RINGES 2 resonates, a signal that is incident by 90 degrees can be received with optimal conditions or the direction of the transmitted signal is also rotated by 90 degrees.
  • the vertical 1 kale radiation coordinates are primarily adjustable with Ck2a or Ck2b. This also applies to RING 1, whose adjustability is given with Ckla and Ck2a.
  • FIG. 25 shows a double ring system discussed in FIG. 23 with a damping amplifier system 230 for RING 1 and 30 "for RING 2, the received input signals for RING 1 and RING 2 serving for damping being taken together from an induction coil 304 loosely arranged on the energy distribution element 330 and are fed to the two amplifier systems 230 and 230 "via the conductor coax constructions 234 and 310, respectively.
  • the remote control unit 299 is around the setting potentiometers Pl 232, Pl '301, P2302. P2 1 303 extended.
  • Pl 232 is used to adjust the degree of attenuation for RING 1
  • Pl 1 5 acts on the capacitance diode 246 in the system RING 1
  • P2 302 influences the attenuation for RING 2
  • the amplifier systems can be used in automatic attenuation mode.
  • the ring halves can be connected using highly flexible copper conductive strips, which are preferably screwed to the carrier plates 315.
  • the capacitive tuning elements Ckla, Ck2a or Cklb, Ck2b consist of fixed ones on the screen printing side ⁇
  • Fixed segment elements 321 and 322 and on the back of the carrier plate are rotatable metal segments 320, 322, for example made of copper sheet, which can be fixed with screws 318.
  • the central energy distribution element common to the rings is designated 330.
  • the antenna unit carries an automatic attenuation amplifier system 238 and 238 ', respectively.
  • the remote control unit 299 is connected to the coaxial socket 325, as well as to the coaxial socket 326.
  • FIG. 28 shows the structural design of the conductor track coax construction, which consists of the carrier plate 1, the two planar ones there is also screen printed conductor tracks 327, a thin Teflon strip overlay 331 and a metal cover 328 and a rear metal cover 331, these metal covers 5 being screwed to one another with the epoxy resin carrier plate.
  • a precisely defined characteristic impedance can be determined by appropriate selection of the conductor track width or the distance from one another and the thickness of the Teflon pad 331.
  • 30a shows the possibility, already mentioned in the description, of realizing a height coordinate control by means of the capacitance diodes Ckla 205 or Cklb for the second ring or Ck2a or Ck2b for the second ring in reception mode. This is done by changing the thickness of the blocking zone of the capacitance diodes ° Ck3 and Ck4 with a positive auxiliary voltage via P5 Ckla 205 or Cklb 293 and by means of P6. A change in the reverse voltage of both capacitance diodes has a direct influence on the resonance frequency of the antenna or on the double ring system.
  • the resonance conditions must be set in the correct choice of the blocking voltages.
  • the HF chokes Dr3, Dr4, Dr5 are necessary so that an HF decoupling of the electrical control signals from P5 or P6 is guaranteed.
  • the dimensioning of the fixed capacitors C3, C4, C5, C6 determines the dynamic range of the capacitance diodes.
  • FIG. 30b is basically derived from FIG. 30a, with the great advantage that a computer via port 1 and port 2 software-wise the relation 1 / Ckla and 1 / Ck2a or 1 / Cklb plus 1 / Ck2b by supplying an analog reverse voltage value via two analog / 1 digital converter specifies.
  • the RF decoupling chokes Dr3 ', Dr4', Dr5 ', Dr6' also serve to decouple the control signal from the antenna ring or the two rings.
  • the resonance behavior of the rings is usually determined by the selectable ratio of the capacitances Ckl and Ck2. 10 Instead of the two capacities Ckl and Ck2, it is also possible to provide a plurality of capacities which can be set independently of one another.
  • the operating switch can e.g. also be formed by an electronic circuit with TRIACs. 15

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

Un système d'antennes magnétique d'émission et/ou de réception comprend une antenne circulaire ayant une ou plusieurs spires et des éléments capacitifs de syntonisation de l'antenne afin de former un circuit de résonance dans des bandes déterminées de longueurs d'ondes. L'antenne circulaire (2) comprend un dispositif de couplage (8) qui lui est électriquement relié par induction afin de coupler le signal de réception de l'antenne circulaire (2) à un élément de couplage de puissance (9) d'un émetteur-récepteur (203) ou de coupler le signal d'émission de l'élément de couplage de puissance (9) au dispositif de couplage (207). Les éléments capacitifs de syntonisation (205 et 206), de préférence réglables indépendamment l'un de l'autre, sont liés galvaniquement à l'antenne circulaire (2), qui comprend également une inductance (214). Un autre agencement d'antennes se caractérise par le fait que le signal capté par induction dans l'antenne par un élément de couplage de puissance (9) et amplifié par une unité d'amplification (212) est réinjecté dans l'antenne (2) par couplage inductif au moyen d'un élément de couplage (211), afin d'obtenir une réinjection négative et une réduction des pertes. Afin d'obtenir un agencement d'antennes avec une capacité de syntonisation de haute précision, utile pour l'émission et/ou la réception, une antenne circulaire (2) ayant un élément capacitif de syntonisation (3, 4) est électriquement liée par induction à un dispositif de couplage (8) et l'élément inductif de couplage de puissance (9) est inductivement lié au dispositif de couplage (8). Un élément de découplage (10, 38) d'une partie du signal de réception est raccordé à l'antenne circulaire (2) et/ou à l'agencement de couplage (8). La sortie de l'unité d'amplification (12) est couplée par un élément de couplage (11) au dispositif de couplage (8). Le signal de sortie de l'unité d'amplification (12) correspond au signal amplifié découplé de sortie et est essentiellement couplé correctement en phase au dispositif de couplage (8).
EP19910908554 1990-04-09 1991-04-08 Agencement d'antennes Withdrawn EP0524263A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT836/90 1990-04-09
AT83690 1990-04-09
AT1706/90 1990-08-17
AT170690 1990-08-17

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EP0524263A1 true EP0524263A1 (fr) 1993-01-27

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AU (1) AU7761091A (fr)
WO (1) WO1991015878A1 (fr)

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GB2285712B (en) * 1994-01-17 1998-02-11 Benjamin Edginton Improvements relating to a magnetic loop antenna
GB9408720D0 (en) * 1994-05-03 1994-06-22 Quantum Communications Group I Antenna device
GB2304347A (en) 1995-08-11 1997-03-19 Boeringer Ingelheim Vetmedica Antigenic preparations
DE19603366A1 (de) * 1996-01-31 1997-08-07 Telefunken Microelectron HF-Sendeeinheit zur Abstrahlung von HF-Sendesignalen
GB9806488D0 (en) * 1998-03-27 1998-05-27 Philips Electronics Nv Radio apparatus
US6169339B1 (en) * 1999-03-31 2001-01-02 Methode Electronics, Inc. Rotating signal transducer
US6522308B1 (en) * 2000-01-03 2003-02-18 Ask S.A. Variable capacitance coupling antenna
US7142811B2 (en) * 2001-03-16 2006-11-28 Aura Communications Technology, Inc. Wireless communication over a transducer device
PT102739A (pt) * 2002-03-13 2003-09-30 Gantle Trading & Services Ld Sistema de antenas para um dispositivo de leitura de transponder em radiofrequencia
GB2422959A (en) * 2005-02-07 2006-08-09 Phillip James Forshaw A method of variable tuning for a loop antenna
DE102012014572B4 (de) * 2012-07-24 2020-09-17 Thorsten Chmielus Kaskadierbare magnetische Antenne
DE102019204163B3 (de) * 2019-03-26 2020-10-01 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Erzeugung eines Abstimmsignals zur Abstimmung einer magnetischen Antenne

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DE3112033C2 (de) * 1981-03-26 1985-09-05 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Einrichtung zur Abstimmung einer Rahmenantenne
DE3209345A1 (de) * 1982-03-15 1983-09-15 Gerhard Prof. Dr.-Ing. 8012 Ottobrunn Flachenecker Aktive rahmenantenne mit transformatorischer ankupplung
FR2554975A1 (fr) * 1983-09-30 1985-05-17 Billard Morand Josette Procede et dispositif electrochimique permettant la captation et la reception des ondes et emissions electromagnetiques

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AU7761091A (en) 1991-10-30

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