Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
  • C11D3/0094—High foaming compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/37—Mixtures of compounds all of which are anionic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
  • C11D1/65—Mixtures of anionic with cationic compounds
  • C11D1/655—Mixtures of sulfonated products with alkylolamides of carboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
  • C11D3/046—Salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C11D3/32—Amides; Substituted amides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/22—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
  • C11D1/52—Carboxylic amides, alkylolamides or imides or their condensation products with alkylene oxides
  • C11D1/523—Carboxylic alkylolamides, or dialkylolamides, or hydroxycarboxylic amides (R1-CO-NR2R3), where R1, R2 or R3 contain one hydroxy group per alkyl group

Definitions

• This invention relates to aqueous liquid detergent compositions containing alkyl benzene sulfonate and added detergent boosting levels of magnesium ions.
• Light-duty liquid detergent compositions such as those suitable for use in washing dishes, are well known. Performance of such compositions is a measurement of both foam mileage, i.e. number of dishes washed, and grease cutting ability.
• the liquid dishwashing detergent compositions presently on the market are designed to remove oily/greasy soils from glasses, dishes, and other tableware and kitchen utensils while maintaining an acceptable layer of suds.
• Liquid detergent formulations containing magnesium salts and magnesium surfactants show enhanced performance, as is disclosed in U.S. Patents 2,908,651 and 2,437,253. Certain combinations of active ingredients can also provide a range of enhanced detergent properties.
• An enhanced performance liquid detergent composition disclosed in U.S.
• Patent 4,435,317 contains (a) a C10-C16 alkyl sulfate, (b) a C10-C16 alkyl ethoxy sulfate and (c) a linear C10-C16 alkyl benzene sulfonate in a ratio of the total weight of (a) + (b) to the weight of (c) of less than or equal to 33:1, and containing magnesium in a molar amount corresponding to 0.20x-0.70x where x is the number of moles of alkyl sulfate.
• the amount of magnesium salts that can be added to the compositions disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,435,317 is limited because the salts raise the temperatures at which inorganic salt crystals form in the compositions upon cooling.
• hydrotropes are fairly expensive and are generally inactive materials and thus do not contribute to detergency but have the effect of rendering the active ingredients water soluble and the composition homogeneous at those temperatures normally encountered in transport and storage. Hydrotropes generally lower the "cloud point" of liquid detergent compositions, thus maintaining a clear liquid composition at temperatures at which a detergent composition lacking hydrotrope would become cloudy and unattractive in appearance.
• Patent 4,235,758 discloses that the use of a magnesium alkylbenzene sulfonate derived from a linear C10-C13 alkylbenzene of average molecular weight of 220-250 significantly reduces the requirement for hydrotrope at any level of active detergent material.
• compositions comprised of certain specific detergent active ingredients, in unique combinations and proportions, which are unexpectedly capable of superior performance to other liquid detergents in relation to both foam mileage and grease cutting.
• Still another object of this invention is to provide a concentrated detergent base composition containing detergency boosting levels of magnesium ions and alkyl benzene sulfonate which may be stored as a concentrated liquid base composition and which may be manufactured using conventional low shear liquid mixing equipment.
• an aqueous liquid detergent composition especially suitable for use in dishwashing, and containing
• the present invention also provides a pourable liquid detergent base composition of concentrated light duty liquid detergents containing alkylbenzene sulfonic acid and detergency boosting levels of magnesium ions and which can be stored at ambient temperature for future use without gelling.
• Detergent compositions in accordance with the present invention comprise a mixture of two or three essential anionic surfactants of defined constitution and proportions and have a specified molar ratio of magnesium ion to alkylbenzene sulfonate ranging from 0.65:1.0 to 1.0:1.0.
• the first essential surfactant ingredient is a water-soluble salt of alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, which may be linear or branched.
• the alkyl group preferably contains from about 10 to 18 carbon atoms, most preferably from about 11 to 13, especially about 12 carbon atoms, preferably in a linear chain configuration.
• the alkyl benzene sulfonate may be present as an alkali metal, amine, ammonium, or alkaline earth metal salt, preferably the magnesium salt.
• the most preferred alkylbenzene sulfonate is the magnesium salt of linear dodecylbenzene sulfonate.
• the acid form of alkylbenzene sulfonic acid can be converted to the magnesium salt form either prior to admixture with the other detersive ingredients or thereafter.
• the conversion may be accomplished either by direct neutralization with magnesium oxide or hydroxide or by ion exchange between, for example, an alkali metal salt or the ammonium salt of alkylbenzene sulfonate and a water-soluble alkaline earth metal salt.
• a source of magnesium ions is added to the detergent mixture to form the desired salt of alkylbenzene sulfonate.
• Magnesium chlorides, magnesium sulfates, magnesium acetates or magnesium hydroxides are examples of magnesium sources.
• the preferred magnesium sources are magnesium oxides or hydroxides and sulfates.
• the alkylbenzene sulfonate component is present at a level of from about 15 to 35% by weight of the composition, preferably in the range from about 15 to 22%, most preferably in the range from about 19 to 21% by weight.
• the point of attachment of the alkyl chain to the benzene nucleus referred to as the phenyl isomer distribution, is not critical but, preferably, less than 20% of the alkyl benzene of this invention comprises the 2-phenyl isomer.
• a second essential surfactant component of the present composition is a primary alkyl ethoxy sulfate derived from the condensation product of a C10-C16 alcohol with an average of from about 1 to about 6 ethylene oxide groups, preferably about 2 to 4, especially 3 ethylene oxide groups per mole of alcohol.
• the C10-C16 alcohols may be derived, for example, from natural fats or Ziegler olefin build-up or Oxo synthesis. It is preferable to use alkyl ethoxy sulfates and alkyl sulfates of the same carbon chain length, preferably C12-C13.
• the level of alkyl ethoxy sulfate in the present composition to achieve the desired foam and detersive properties is about 1-30% by weight, preferably in the range from about 10-20% by weight, based on the total composition.
• the surfactant system of the detergent of the present invention may optionally also include an amount ranging from 0-20% of the total composition, preferably 10-15% by weight, of an alkali metal or ammonium or amine salt of a linear or branched C10-C18 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.
• the cationic counter-ion of the alkyl sulfate may be taken from the group consisting of alkali metals, ammonia and amines, e.g., triethylammonium, triethanolamine (TEA), diethanolamine or monoethanolamine, etc.
• the alkali metal may be, for example, sodium or potassium, preferably sodium.
• the composition of the present invention contains from about 0.027 to about 0.064 moles of total magnesium ion. Generally, 0.023 to about 0.053 moles of magnesium ion are provided through the incorporation of the magnesium alkylbenzene sulfonate. Additional magnesium may be added to the composition in the form of a water-soluble compound, most preferably a salt, such as, for example, magnesium sulfate or magnesium chloride.
• the preferred magnesium source is magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, added to the composition at about from 1 or 2 to 5% by weight, preferably from about 2.5 to 3.5% by weight, corresponding to 0.01 to 0.014 moles of added magnesium.
• the total magnesium ion to alkylbenzene sulfonate in the composition is controlled to correspond to a molar ratio of from 0.65:1.0 to 1.0:1.0, preferably from 0.65:1.0 to 0.8:1.0.
• the additional magnesium ions added in salt form provide improved grease cutting performance and also lower the cloud point of the formula better than the more expensive hydrotropes.
• the additional magnesium salt also provides better phase stability to the composition.
• Using magnesium to boost detergency is known in the art, however, when used in a molar ratio of total magnesium ion to alkylbenzene sulfonate in a range of 0.65:1.0 to 0.8:1.0, the excess magnesium salt not only enhances foam mileage but also increases fluidity, allowing for a decrease in hydrotrope and alcohol levels, thus lowering the concentration of inactive ingredients that do not boost detergency of the composition. This decrease in the level of inactive ingredients leaves room in the composition for an even higher level of detersive active ingredients.
• the level of detersive active ingredients in the compositions of this invention is in the range from 20-70% by weight, preferably from 30 to 55%. This increased level of active ingredients results in enhanced foam mileage, thus providing a superior light duty liquid detergent.
• the usual problems of increased viscosity, decreased stability and product clouding is avoided by using an increased level of magnesium ions in a molar ratio of magnesium ions to alkylbenzene sulfonate in the range of 0.65:1.0 to 1.0:1.0, preferably from to 0.8:1.0 and none or only a low concentration of hydrotrope.
• the additional magnesium ions in the compositions of this invention also boosts detergency of the surfactant system.
• a suds promoting agent such as, for example, a mono- or di-alkanolamide, may, therefore, be added to the present composition at a level of from 0.5 to about 8% by weight, preferably about 1 to 6% and, more preferably about 1 to 5% by weight.
• the preferred suds promoting agent is a mixture of lauric and myristic monoethanolamides.
• the alkyl group of the amide may be derived from coconut or palm kernel oil.
• Suitable alkanolamides include either mono or dialkanolamides having a carbon chain distribution of C1-C5, preferably C1-C3, especially mono- or di-ethanolamide.
• the alkanolamide may be ethoxylated or may be a mixture of non-ethoxylated alkanolamide and ethoxylated alkanolamide in order to increase the solubility of the alkanolamide in the composition.
• clarity and homogeneity of the invention compositions may be improved by inclusion of, for example, organic solvents or hydrotropes and these and other non-essential additives may be included in the compositions in amounts that do not adversely effect the desired properties.
• Organic solvents may be included for their thinning effect, ability to lower the clear point and for solubilization.
• Organic solvents such as, for example isopropanol, n-propanol, ethanol, propylene glycol or mixtures thereof may be included.
• the solvent level is usually less than or equal to 10% by weight, preferably less than 8%, more preferably in the range of 5 to 8% by weight. Ethanol is the preferred solvent.
• hydrotropic substance in the composition such as, for example, urea, sodium xylene sulfonate, potassium xylene sulfonate, sodium cumene sulfonate, and ammonium xylene sulfonate, and the like in order to assist in solubilizing various components of the composition and maintaining a low clear point.
• a hydrotropic substance such as, for example, urea, sodium xylene sulfonate, potassium xylene sulfonate, sodium cumene sulfonate, and ammonium xylene sulfonate, and the like in order to assist in solubilizing various components of the composition and maintaining a low clear point.
• urea sodium xylene sulfonate
• potassium xylene sulfonate sodium cumene sulfonate
• ammonium xylene sulfonate and the like in order to assist in solubilizing various components of the composition
• ingredients may also be included in the composition for their desirable aesthetic or functional characteristics.
• Such ingredients include, for example, opacifying agents to make the composition appear pearly, such as behenic acid or ethylene glycol distearate; perfumes; heavy metal chelating agents such as EDTA; bactericides such as trichlorocarbanilide, tetrachlorosalicylanilide, hexachlorophene, or chlorobromosalicylanilide; antioxidants; thickeners such as quar gum, polyacrylates, polyacrylamide or Irish moss; dyes, water dispersible pigments; preservatives, such as formaldehyde or hydrogen peroxide; pH modifiers, etc.
• opacifying agents to make the composition appear pearly such as behenic acid or ethylene glycol distearate
• perfumes such as behenic acid or ethylene glycol distearate
• heavy metal chelating agents such as EDTA
• bactericides such as trichlorocarban
• these optional adjuvants may be present in total amounts up to about 10% by weight, preferably up to about 3% by weight, based on the total composition.
• the pH of the compositions may be within the range from 6 to 8, preferably from about 6.5 to 7.5, and may be adjusted if necessary by addition of suitable acids or bases, such as HCl, NaOH, and the like. Excellent greasy soil removal is attained when an effective amount of the instant compositions is dissolved in an aqueous dishwashing solution. Typical use concentrations are usually at least about 0.05% by weight in water. Of course, this can be adjusted, depending on the soil level and type and desires of the user.
• compositions of the present invention employ high levels of anionic surfactants, which are, in general, less water-soluble than nonionic surfactants.
• anionic surfactants which are, in general, less water-soluble than nonionic surfactants.
• the decreased solubility of the anionic surfactants coupled with the increased concentration of active ingredients often results in thick pastes with very high viscosities, thereby necessitating the use of heavy duty or high shear mixing equipment. Accordingly, in a preferred mode for carrying out the present invention a non-conventional process is used for the manufacture of the compositions of the present invention.
• a detergent base comprising magnesium alkylbenzene sulfonate and amide foam booster is preferably manufactured by a process wherein alkanolamide, in the specified amount, is added to an aqueous slurry containing magnesium oxide or hydroxide, hydrotropes, and any inorganic salts or organic solvents of the liquid detergent compositions of this invention, in the specified amounts, and the alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, is added after the alkanolamide has been dissolved in the slurry.
• compositions are prepared with conventional low shear mixing equipment by mixing the materials in the proportions as listed.
• the composition of Run No. 2 is a physically stable liquid upon accelerated aging at elevated temperature.
• Each of the compositions of Runs 1 and 2 are evaluated by the following performance criteria: (1) Grease Removal Test
• This test is used to measure grease removal of the composition at a concentration of 1% liquid detergent at 50 ppm water hardness, at 80°F, with 600 dipping cycles at 60 rpm.
• 0.5 grams of lard at room temperature is evenly applied to a frosted glass microscope slide using a serrated knife blade. The results are calculated as milligrams of lard removed.
• a modified version of the Grease Removal test is used to measure grease removal of a 0.05% solution of liquid detergent at 50 ppm water hardness and 108°F, with 600 dipping cycles at 60 rpm. For this test, 0.1 ⁇ 0.02 grams of lard is applied to plastic test tubes by dipping the pre-weighed tubes in melted lard and blotting off any excess grease before it solidifies. The tubes are then re-weighed and used the same day they are prepared.
• test solution prepared using 50 ppm water at 120°F is delivered to a dish pan from a separatory funnel suspended above the pan to generate a layer of foam. Plates soiled with 5.4 grams lard are washed to a foam end point. This test measures the total number of plates that can be washed with the detergent composition until the foam completely disappears.
• This test is used to determine the dynamic foam stability of a liquid detergent composition at 50 ppm water hardness at 113°F.
• a diluted (0.05 or 0.04%) test solution is titrated with constant delivery of mixed soil to a foam end point under constant agitation.
• the test measures the amount of mixed soil required to deplete the surfactants of the composition.
• This test is used to determine the sudsing ability of a liquid detergent composition at 50 ppm water hardness at 113°F.
• a stable pourable liquid detergent composition is prepared by mixing the following ingredients using a conventional low shear liquids mixing apparatus.
• the proportion of each ingredient is as follows:

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• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Citations (3)

• 1991
  • 1991-10-29 NZ NZ240394A patent/NZ240394A/en unknown
  • 1991-11-01 ZM ZM43/91A patent/ZM4391A1/xx unknown
  • 1991-11-04 ZW ZW151/91A patent/ZW15191A1/xx unknown
  • 1991-11-04 ZA ZA918752A patent/ZA918752B/xx unknown
  • 1991-11-07 AU AU87706/91A patent/AU654508B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1991-11-12 CA CA002055340A patent/CA2055340A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 1991-11-13 MX MX9102048A patent/MX9102048A/es unknown
  • 1991-11-15 MW MW7091A patent/MW7091A1/xx unknown
  • 1991-11-18 YU YU181191A patent/YU47539B/sh unknown
  • 1991-11-19 PT PT99542A patent/PT99542B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1991-11-20 DE DE69121524T patent/DE69121524T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1991-11-20 IE IE403291A patent/IE914032A1/en unknown
  • 1991-11-20 NO NO914544A patent/NO179796C/no unknown
  • 1991-11-20 DK DK91203044.2T patent/DK0487169T3/da active
  • 1991-11-20 HU HU913627A patent/HU211779B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1991-11-20 EP EP91203044A patent/EP0487169B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-11-20 BR BR919105056A patent/BR9105056A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1991-11-20 AT AT91203044T patent/ATE141638T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1991-11-20 PL PL29245691A patent/PL292456A1/xx unknown
  • 1991-11-20 CN CN91110900A patent/CN1061993A/zh active Pending
  • 1991-11-20 FI FI915473A patent/FI915473A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1991-11-20 KR KR1019910020749A patent/KR920009963A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1991-11-21 GR GR910100471A patent/GR1001194B/el unknown

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