EP0471978A2 - Porous surface covering element and its application - Google Patents

Porous surface covering element and its application Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0471978A2
EP0471978A2 EP91111775A EP91111775A EP0471978A2 EP 0471978 A2 EP0471978 A2 EP 0471978A2 EP 91111775 A EP91111775 A EP 91111775A EP 91111775 A EP91111775 A EP 91111775A EP 0471978 A2 EP0471978 A2 EP 0471978A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
facing layer
fastening element
element according
surface fastening
pores
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
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EP91111775A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0471978B1 (en
EP0471978A3 (en
Inventor
Hans-Rainer Jung
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WERNER ZAPF KG
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WERNER ZAPF KG
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Application filed by WERNER ZAPF KG filed Critical WERNER ZAPF KG
Priority to AT91111775T priority Critical patent/ATE104008T1/en
Priority to DE9116773U priority patent/DE9116773U1/en
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Publication of EP0471978A3 publication Critical patent/EP0471978A3/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/22—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units composed of a mixture of materials covered by two or more of groups E01C5/008, E01C5/02 - E01C5/20 except embedded reinforcing materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
    • E01C11/22—Gutters; Kerbs ; Surface drainage of streets, roads or like traffic areas
    • E01C11/224—Surface drainage of streets
    • E01C11/225—Paving specially adapted for through-the-surfacing drainage, e.g. perforated, porous; Preformed paving elements comprising, or adapted to form, passageways for carrying off drainage
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/06—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units with cement or like binders
    • E01C5/065—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units with cement or like binders characterised by their structure or component materials, e.g. concrete layers of different structure, special additives

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a water-permeable surface fastening element for traffic areas according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Traffic areas are understood to mean in particular roads, paths, parking lots, courtyards and terraces, traffic being understood to mean both motor vehicle traffic and traffic with bicycles or people.
  • Surface fasteners are understood to be, in particular, paving stones or path slabs, with or without interlocking.
  • Water-permeable surface fastening elements have therefore already been developed, which in turn have to be installed on a water-permeable substructure.
  • the water permeability also requires air permeability.
  • the invention relates to a development of such surface fastening elements.
  • the invention is based on a water-permeable concrete paving stone on the market with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • Known surface fasteners of this type generally have a relatively coarse-grained structure with a rough surface and coarse pores extending to the surface.
  • Surface contaminants including contaminants washed up by precipitation, gradually set these as coarse Pores, so that the water and air permeability decreases significantly over time and is ultimately no longer guaranteed in the limit. Since such contamination extends into the depth of the stone body, it is difficult or impossible to flush it out.
  • the rough surface causes a relatively high rolling resistance and thus not only a braking effect, for example on bicycles, but also generally a relatively high traffic noise. Even pedestrians find walking on rough artificial stone surfaces uncomfortable, for example because of the danger of getting caught while walking.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of creating a water-permeable surface fastening element which is less sensitive to dirt, possibly even cleanable, and has a lower rolling resistance.
  • the relatively fine, continuous pores of the facing layer have a filtering effect with regard to contaminants.
  • Coarser contaminants are retained on the top of the surface fastening element and can be easily swept away or washed away there.
  • Finer contaminants, which penetrate into the continuous pores of the facing layer are gradually taken into the coarsely structured substructure at least to a large extent under the effect of the rainwater and can seep into the substructure there together with the rainwater. This drastically reduces the risk of clogging of the entire surface fastening element.
  • a side effect of the more pore-shaped formation of the facing layer even if one does not explicitly provide additional smoothing measures for the surface (see claim 13), a reduction in rolling resistance and thus a reduction in the other negative effects mentioned in connection with rolling resistance.
  • Facing layers are known per se in the case of non-water-permeable surface fastening elements, e.g. for decorative design of the surface.
  • the "pore diameter” is understood here to mean the largest possible diameter of a ball that just fits into the pore or can “slip” through it.
  • Average pore diameter is the average of the pore diameters of all pores in the body or the facing layer. According to the literature, the "average pore diameter” for a single-grain concrete is approximately 0.24 x average grain size, which is to be understood as the mean value of the grain group used according to DIN 4225 Part 1.
  • claim 2 defines preferred pore diameter ranges which give the desired filter effect mentioned while reducing the risk of clogging but maintaining the water permeability.
  • the strengths of claims 3 and 4 and of claim 8 are coordinated.
  • Claims 5 to 7 relate to preferred material selections in the context of a production of the surface fastening element according to the invention from the usual basic materials.
  • a binder based on epoxy resin can be used as the binder based on plastic.
  • the surface fastener according to the invention is modified with respect to the body so that the mineral grains are formed by the binder to an inherently water-impermeable body in which continuous pores are formed as through channels.
  • the facing layer which is then more porous in comparison to these channels, distributes the absorbed liquid together with the absorbed micro-dirt particles to the individual channels, which can be provided with a lower surface density than otherwise in a body of the known type with pore formation between the individual grains.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a high-pressure water jet method for flushing the continuous pores of the facing layer in the traffic area composite of the area fastening elements. It has been shown that the inevitable slow addition of the facing layer according to the invention can be remedied by appropriate flushing, so that, unlike the known water-permeable surface fastening elements, the surface fastening elements according to the invention can also be regenerated in the application.
  • High-pressure water jet is understood to mean a water jet in particular in a pressure range of 20 to 40 bar, i.e. a very common area for such high pressure water jet processes.
  • the average grain size (see e.g. Claim 8) is based on the mean value of the grain group according to DIN 4226.
  • a surface fastening element 2 is composed of a body 4 located at the bottom and an upper facing layer 6 which is thinner than the body.
  • the top 8 of the facing layer forms an element of a traffic area to be produced.
  • the body 4 is laid on a water-permeable substructure, not shown.
  • the body 4 and the facing layer 6 each have approximately the same thickness over the respective cross section shown, so that the top 8 of the facing layer, the underside 12 of the body 4 and the boundary layer 10 between the facing layer 6 and body 4 form essentially flat parallel surfaces.
  • the top side 8 is expediently designed to be smooth, while the boundary layer 10 between the facing layer 6 and the body 4 expediently represents only an ideal surface which in practice describes a form-fitting engagement of the facing layer 6 and the body 4.
  • the underside 12 of the body 4 can also be structured rough to jagged.
  • the facing layer 6 consists of mineral grains 14, the respective surface 16 of which is covered by a binder, not shown, so that a structure in the manner of a single-grain pore concrete is formed.
  • the space between the mineral grains 14 is not completely filled with binder, but the binder serves essentially only for the superficial mutual bonding of the mineral grains 14 to one another, a largely coherent mesh of open pores being formed in the space.
  • vertically continuous pores 20 are formed in particular from the top 8 of the facing layer 6 to the boundary layer 10.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 differ in the following:
  • the structure of the body 4 is basically the same as that of the Front layer 6, with the only exception that the mineral grains 22 of the body 4 have a substantially larger grain size than the mineral grains 14 of the front layer 6.
  • the mineral grains 22 are bonded to one another on their respective surface 24 by a binder (not shown).
  • the continuous or open pore mesh of the facing layer and the continuous or open pore mesh of the body must communicate at least in the vertical direction; therefore, even when connecting the facing layer and body in the interface 10, the binder should only be used sparingly, insofar as it also connects the facing layer 6 and body 4 to one another.
  • the vertical pores 20 of the facing layer 6 must communicate with the vertical pores 28 of the body 4. Due to the larger grain size of the mineral grains 22 in the body, the averaged free passage cross section of the vertically continuous pores 28 of the body is also larger than that of the vertically continuous pores 20 of the facing layer 6.
  • mineral grains that are still used are instead formed by the binder to form an otherwise dense body 30, in which instead of the vertically continuous pores 28 of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, vertical vertical ones run from top to bottom Channels 32 are preformed, which have a significantly larger passage cross section than the vertical pores 20 of the facing layer 6 and also a larger one Passage cross section than the vertical pores 28 of the body 4 of the embodiment of FIG. 1 can have.
  • a substantially smaller number of vertical channels 32 in the embodiment of FIG. 2 than in the case of vertical pores 28 in the embodiment of FIG. 1 are sufficient. No preformed channel analog need be provided for the horizontal pores 26 of the embodiment of FIG. 1.
  • the vertical channels 38 are distributed over the horizontal cross-sectional area of the surface fastener so that the water entering the body 4 through the pore mesh in the facing layer 6 is discharged as evenly and as completely as possible to the underside 12 of the body 4, even in the second embodiment of FIG. 2 becomes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a water-permeable surface covering element (2) for road surfaces, having a body of mineral grains (22) bonded with a binder while leaving through-pores (20) free, in particular of concrete. According to the invention, a facing layer (6) covering the body (4) is provided with pores (20) which go through to the body and the average free permeating cross-section of which is less than the average free permeating cross-section of the pores (28) of the body. In addition, the invention relates to the application of a high-pressure water jet method of flushing out the through-pores (20) of the facing layer (6) in the composite road surface of the surface covering elements (2). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein wasserdurchlässiges Flächenbefestigungselement für Verkehrsflächen gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1. Unter Verkehrsflächen werden dabei insbesondere Straßen, Wege, Parkplätze, Höfe und Terrassen verstanden, wobei unter Verkehr sowohl der Kraftfahrzeugverkehr als auch der Verkehr mit Fahrrädern oder Personen verstanden wird.The invention relates to a water-permeable surface fastening element for traffic areas according to the preamble of claim 1. Traffic areas are understood to mean in particular roads, paths, parking lots, courtyards and terraces, traffic being understood to mean both motor vehicle traffic and traffic with bicycles or people.

Als Flächenbefestigungselemente werden insbesondere Pflastersteine oder Wegeplatten verstanden, und zwar mit oder ohne gegenseitige Verzahnung.Surface fasteners are understood to be, in particular, paving stones or path slabs, with or without interlocking.

Neuerdings wird kritisiert, daß die bisher üblichen Flächenbefestigungselemente die betreffende Verkehrsfläche weitgehend regenundurchlässig versiegeln. Das anfallende Niederschlagswasser wird daher nicht in erwünschter Weise dem Grundwasser zugeleitet, sondern belastet die Kanalisation.It has recently been criticized that the surface fastening elements which have been customary up to now largely seal the traffic area in question impermeable to rain. The rainwater that accumulates is therefore not routed to the groundwater in the desired manner, but instead pollutes the sewage system.

Man hat daher schon wasserdurchlässige Flächenbefestigungselemente entwickelt, die auf seinerseits wasserdurchlässigem Unterbau verlegt werden müssen. Die Wasserdurchlässigkeit bedingt dabei auch eine Luftdurchlässigkeit. Die Erfindung betrifft eine Weiterbildung derartiger Flächenbefestigungselemente. Die Erfindung geht dabei von einem auf dem Markt befindlichen wasserdurchlässigen Betonpflasterstein mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs von Anspruch 1 aus.Water-permeable surface fastening elements have therefore already been developed, which in turn have to be installed on a water-permeable substructure. The water permeability also requires air permeability. The invention relates to a development of such surface fastening elements. The invention is based on a water-permeable concrete paving stone on the market with the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Bekannte derartige Flächenbefestigungselemente haben im ganzen eine relativ grobkörnige Struktur mit rauher Oberfläche und bis zur Oberfläche durchgehenden groben Poren. Oberflächenschmutzstoffe einschließlich von durch Niederschläge angeschwemmten Schmutzstoffen setzen dabei allmählich diese groben Poren zu, so daß die Wasser- und Luftdurchlässigkeit im Lauf der Zeit deutlich abnimmt und schließlich im Grenzfall sogar nicht mehr gewährleistet ist. Da eine solche Verschmutzung in die Tiefe des Steinkörpers hineinreicht, ist sie auch schwerlich oder gar nicht freizuspülen. Darüber hinaus bedingt die rauhe Oberfläche einen relativ hohen Rollwiderstand und damit nicht nur eine Bremswirkung beispielsweise auf Fahrräder, sondern auch allgemein ein relativ hohes Verkehrsgeräusch. Auch Fußgänger empfinden das Begehen rauher Kunststeinoberflächen als unangenehm, z.B. wegen der Gefahr wegen des Verhakens beim Laufen.Known surface fasteners of this type generally have a relatively coarse-grained structure with a rough surface and coarse pores extending to the surface. Surface contaminants, including contaminants washed up by precipitation, gradually set these as coarse Pores, so that the water and air permeability decreases significantly over time and is ultimately no longer guaranteed in the limit. Since such contamination extends into the depth of the stone body, it is difficult or impossible to flush it out. In addition, the rough surface causes a relatively high rolling resistance and thus not only a braking effect, for example on bicycles, but also generally a relatively high traffic noise. Even pedestrians find walking on rough artificial stone surfaces uncomfortable, for example because of the danger of getting caught while walking.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein wasserdurchlässiges Flächenbefestigungselement zu schaffen, das weniger zusetzungsempfindlich gegen Schmutz, gegebenenfalls sogar abreinigbar, ist sowie einen geringeren Rollwiderstand besitzt.The invention is therefore based on the object of creating a water-permeable surface fastening element which is less sensitive to dirt, possibly even cleanable, and has a lower rolling resistance.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem wasserdurchlässigen Flächenbefestigungselement mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs von Anspruch 1 durch dessen kennzeichnende Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved in a water-permeable surface fastening element with the features of the preamble of claim 1 by its characterizing features.

Die relativ feinen durchgehenden Poren der Vorsatzschicht haben in bezug auf Schmutzstoffe eine Filterwirkung. Gröbere Schmutzstoffe werden an der Oberseite des Flächenbefestigungselementes zurückgehalten und können dort unschwer weggefegt oder weggespült werden. Feinere Schmutzstoffe, welche in die durchgehenden Poren der Vorsatzschicht eindringen, werden wenigstens zu einem großen Teil unter der Wirkung des Niederschlagswassers allmählich in den gröber strukturierten Unterbau mitgenommen und können dort mitsamt dem Niederschlagswasser in den Unterbau absickern. Dadurch wird die Verstopfungsgefahr des ganzen Flächenbefestigungselementes drastisch erniedrigt. Als Nebeneffekt der feinporigeren Ausbildung der Vorsatzschicht ergibt sich dabei auch selbst dann, wenn man nicht ausdrücklich zusätzliche Glättungsmaßnahmen der Oberfläche vorsieht (vgl. Anspruch 13), eine Verringerung des Rollwiderstandes und damit eine Reduzierung der im Zusammenhang mit dem Rollwiderstand angesprochenen anderen negativen Effekte.The relatively fine, continuous pores of the facing layer have a filtering effect with regard to contaminants. Coarser contaminants are retained on the top of the surface fastening element and can be easily swept away or washed away there. Finer contaminants, which penetrate into the continuous pores of the facing layer, are gradually taken into the coarsely structured substructure at least to a large extent under the effect of the rainwater and can seep into the substructure there together with the rainwater. This drastically reduces the risk of clogging of the entire surface fastening element. As a side effect of the more pore-shaped formation of the facing layer, even if one does not explicitly provide additional smoothing measures for the surface (see claim 13), a reduction in rolling resistance and thus a reduction in the other negative effects mentioned in connection with rolling resistance.

Vorsatzschichten sind bei nicht wasserdurchlässigen Flächenbefestigungselementen an sich bekannt, z.B. zur dekorativen Gestaltung der Oberfläche.Facing layers are known per se in the case of non-water-permeable surface fastening elements, e.g. for decorative design of the surface.

Als "Porendurchmesser" wird hier der größtmögliche Durchmesser einer Kugel verstanden, die gerade noch in die Pore paßt bzw. durch sie "hindurchschlüpfen" kann. "Gemittelter Porendurchmesser" ist dabei der Mittelwert der Porendurchmesser aller Poren des Körpers bzw. der Vorsatzschicht. Nach Literaturangaben beträgt bei einem Einkornbeton der "gemittelte Porendurchmesser" ungefähr 0,24 x mittlere Korngröße, die als Mittelwert der verwendeten Korngruppe nach DIN 4225 Teil 1 zu verstehen ist.The "pore diameter" is understood here to mean the largest possible diameter of a ball that just fits into the pore or can "slip" through it. "Average pore diameter" is the average of the pore diameters of all pores in the body or the facing layer. According to the literature, the "average pore diameter" for a single-grain concrete is approximately 0.24 x average grain size, which is to be understood as the mean value of the grain group used according to DIN 4225 Part 1.

Unter Bezug hierauf definiert Anspruch 2 bevorzugte Porendurchmesserbereiche, welche die gewünschte erwähnte Filterwirkung unter Reduzierung der Verstopfungsgefahr, jedoch Aufrechterhaltung der Wasserdurchlässigkeit ergeben. Im gleichen Sinne sind die Stärkenmaße der Ansprüche 3 und 4 sowie des Anspruchs 8 abgestimmt.With reference to this, claim 2 defines preferred pore diameter ranges which give the desired filter effect mentioned while reducing the risk of clogging but maintaining the water permeability. In the same sense, the strengths of claims 3 and 4 and of claim 8 are coordinated.

Die Ansprüche 5 bis 7 betreffen bevorzugte Materialwahlen im Rahmen einer Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Flächenbefestigungselementes aus dafür üblichen Grundstoffen. Als Bindemittel auf Kunststoffbasis kommt beispielsweise ein Bindemittel auf Epoxidharzbasis in Frage.Claims 5 to 7 relate to preferred material selections in the context of a production of the surface fastening element according to the invention from the usual basic materials. For example, a binder based on epoxy resin can be used as the binder based on plastic.

Zur Erhöhung der mechanischen Festigkeit kann es sich als vorteilhaft erweisen, entsprechend den Ansprüchen 9 bis 11 die Vorsatzschicht und/oder den Körper mit einer zusätzlichen Einlagerung von Fasermaterial zu versehen.To increase the mechanical strength, it may prove advantageous to provide the facing layer and / or the body with an additional incorporation of fiber material in accordance with claims 9 to 11.

Bei dem bekannten wasserdurchlässigen Flächenbefestigungselement, von dem die Erfindung ausgeht, sind einzelne mineralische Körner so durch das Bindemittel gebunden, daß die durchgehenden Poren überall zwischen den einzelnen Körnern ausgebildet sind. Dies kann man sich so vorstellen, daß praktisch das Bindemittel nur die Oberfläche der Körner ganz oder teilweise überzieht und im Zwischenraum zwischen den Körnern nicht oder nur in relativ geringfügigem Ausmaß sonst vorhanden ist. Eine entsprechende Struktur wird auch bei der erfindungsgemäßen Ausbildung der Vorsatzschicht vorgesehen.In the known water-permeable surface fastening element from which the invention is based, individual mineral grains are bound by the binder in such a way that the continuous pores are formed everywhere between the individual grains. This can be imagined in such a way that the binder practically only partially or completely covers the surface of the grains and is not present in the space between the grains or is only present to a relatively small extent. A corresponding structure is also used in the invention Formation of the facing layer provided.

Gemäß Anspruch 12 wird jedoch das erfindungsgemäße Flächenbefestigungselement im Hinblick auf den Körper so abgewandelt, daß die mineralischen Körner durch das Bindemittel zu einem an sich wasserundurchlässigen Körper gebildet sind, in welchem durchgehende Poren als Durchgangskanäle eingeformt sind. Die dann im Vergleich zu diesen Kanälen feinporigere Vorsatzschicht verteilt dabei die aufgenommene Flüssigkeit mitsamt den aufgenommenen Mikroschmutzteilchen auf die einzelnen Kanäle, die dabei durchaus in geringerer Flächendichte als sonst bei einem Körper der bekannten Art mit Porenbildung zwischen den einzelnen Körnern vorgesehen sein können.According to claim 12, however, the surface fastener according to the invention is modified with respect to the body so that the mineral grains are formed by the binder to an inherently water-impermeable body in which continuous pores are formed as through channels. The facing layer, which is then more porous in comparison to these channels, distributes the absorbed liquid together with the absorbed micro-dirt particles to the individual channels, which can be provided with a lower surface density than otherwise in a body of the known type with pore formation between the individual grains.

Die Erfindung betrifft auch die Anwendung eines Hochdruckwasserstrahlverfahrens zum Freispülen der durchgehenden Poren der Vorsatzschicht im Verkehrsflächenverbund der Flächenbefestigungselemente. Es hat sich nämlich gezeigt, daß auch die unvermeidliche langsame Zusetzung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorsatzschicht durch entsprechendes Freispülen wieder behoben werden kann, so daß die erfindungsgemäßen Flächenbefestigungselemente also anders als die bekannten wasserdurchlässigen Flächenbefestigungselemente auch im Anwendungsfall regenerierbar sind. Unter Hochdruckwasserstrahl ist dabei ein Wasserstrahl insbesondere in einem Druckbereich von 20 bis 40 bar zu verstehen, d.h. ein für derartige Hochdruckwasserstrahlverfahren durchaus üblicher Bereich.The invention also relates to the use of a high-pressure water jet method for flushing the continuous pores of the facing layer in the traffic area composite of the area fastening elements. It has been shown that the inevitable slow addition of the facing layer according to the invention can be remedied by appropriate flushing, so that, unlike the known water-permeable surface fastening elements, the surface fastening elements according to the invention can also be regenerated in the application. High-pressure water jet is understood to mean a water jet in particular in a pressure range of 20 to 40 bar, i.e. a very common area for such high pressure water jet processes.

Die gemittelte Korngröße (vgl. z.B. Anspruch 8) wird dabei auf den Mittelwert der Korngruppe nach DIN 4226 bezogen.The average grain size (see e.g. Claim 8) is based on the mean value of the grain group according to DIN 4226.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand schematischer Zeichnungen an zwei Ausführungsbeispielen noch näher erläutert.
Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen vertikalen Schnitt durch eine erste Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Flächenbefestigungselements und
  • Fig. 2 einen vertikalen Schnitt durch eine zweite Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Flächenbefestigungselements.
The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of schematic drawings using two exemplary embodiments.
Show it:
  • Fig. 1 shows a vertical section through a first embodiment of a surface fastening element according to the invention and
  • Fig. 2 shows a vertical section through a second embodiment of a surface fastening element according to the invention.

Bei beiden Ausführungsbeispielen der Fig. 1 und 2 ist ein Flächenbefestigungselement 2 aus einem unten befindlichen Körper 4 und einer im Vergleich mit dem Körper dünneren oberen Vorsatzschicht 6 zusammengesetzt. Die Oberseite 8 der Vorsatzschicht bildet dabei ein Element einer herzustellenden Verkehrsfläche. Dabei wird der Körper 4 auf einem nicht dargestellten wasserdurchlässigen Unterbau verlegt. Der Körper 4 und die Vorsatzschicht 6 haben über den dargestellten jeweiligen Querschnitt jeweils etwa gleiche Dicke, so daß die Oberseite 8 der Vorsatzschicht, die Unterseite 12 des Körpers 4 und die Grenzschicht 10 zwischen Vorsatzschicht 6 und Körper 4 im wesentlichen ebene parallele Flächen bilden. Dabei ist zweckmäßig speziell die Oberseite 8 glatt ausgebildet, während die Grenzschicht 10 zwischen Vorsatzschicht 6 und Körper 4 zweckmäßig nur eine Idealfläche darstellt, die in praxi einen formschlüssigen Eingriff von Vorsatzschicht 6 und Körper 4 beschreibt. Auch die Unterseite 12 des Körpers 4 kann rauh bis zerklüftet strukturiert sein.In both embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2, a surface fastening element 2 is composed of a body 4 located at the bottom and an upper facing layer 6 which is thinner than the body. The top 8 of the facing layer forms an element of a traffic area to be produced. The body 4 is laid on a water-permeable substructure, not shown. The body 4 and the facing layer 6 each have approximately the same thickness over the respective cross section shown, so that the top 8 of the facing layer, the underside 12 of the body 4 and the boundary layer 10 between the facing layer 6 and body 4 form essentially flat parallel surfaces. The top side 8 is expediently designed to be smooth, while the boundary layer 10 between the facing layer 6 and the body 4 expediently represents only an ideal surface which in practice describes a form-fitting engagement of the facing layer 6 and the body 4. The underside 12 of the body 4 can also be structured rough to jagged.

Die Vorsatzschicht 6 besteht aus mineralischen Körnern 14, deren jeweilige Oberfläche 16 von einem nicht besonders dargestellten Bindemittel überzogen ist, so daß sich eine Struktur nach Art eines Einkornporenbetons bildet. Mit anderen Worten wird der Zwischenraum zwischen den mineralischen Körnern 14 nicht vollständig mit Bindemittel ausgefüllt, sondern das Bindemittel dient im wesentlichen nur zur oberflächlichen gegenseitigen Verklebung der mineralischen Körner 14 aneinander, wobei im Zwischenraum ein überwiegend zusammenhängendes Geflecht von offenen Poren entsteht. Neben sich mehr oder minder horizontal erstreckenden Poren 18 bilden sich dabei insbesondere auch von der Oberseite 8 der Vorsatzschicht 6 bis zur Grenzschicht 10 hin vertikal durchgehende Poren 20.The facing layer 6 consists of mineral grains 14, the respective surface 16 of which is covered by a binder, not shown, so that a structure in the manner of a single-grain pore concrete is formed. In other words, the space between the mineral grains 14 is not completely filled with binder, but the binder serves essentially only for the superficial mutual bonding of the mineral grains 14 to one another, a largely coherent mesh of open pores being formed in the space. In addition to more or less horizontally extending pores 18, vertically continuous pores 20 are formed in particular from the top 8 of the facing layer 6 to the boundary layer 10.

Während die beiden Ausführungsbeispiele der Fig. 1 und 2 insoweit gleich sind, unterscheiden sie sich in folgendem:
   Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 ist die Struktur des Körpers 4 grundsätzlich die gleiche wie bei der Vorsatzschicht 6, mit der einzigen Ausnahme, daß die mineralischen Körner 22 des Körpers 4 eine wesentlich größere Korngröße als die mineralischen Körner 14 der Vorsatzschicht 6 haben. Übereinstimmung besteht dabei insbesondere jedoch in einer grundsätzlichen Struktur nach Art eines Einkornporenbetons, bei dem die mineralischen Körner 22 an ihrer jeweiligen Oberfläche 24 jeweils durch ein nicht dargestelltes Bindemittel miteinander verklebt sind. Dabei ist wiederum jedoch nur eine solche Menge Bindemittel verwendet, daß dieses wie im Falle der Vorsatzschicht im wesentlichen nur flächenhaft wirkt und ein offenes Porengeflecht mit sich mehr oder minder horizontal erstreckenden Poren 26 und sich mehr oder minder vertikal erstreckenden Poren 28 ergibt, wobei letztere von der Grenzfläche 10 zwischen Vorsatzschicht 6 und Körper 4 in vertikaler Richtung zur Unterseite 12 des Körpers 4 durchlaufen.While the two exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2 are the same in this respect, they differ in the following:
In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the structure of the body 4 is basically the same as that of the Front layer 6, with the only exception that the mineral grains 22 of the body 4 have a substantially larger grain size than the mineral grains 14 of the front layer 6. However, there is agreement in particular in a basic structure in the manner of a single-grain pore concrete, in which the mineral grains 22 are bonded to one another on their respective surface 24 by a binder (not shown). Again, however, only such an amount of binder is used that, as in the case of the facing layer, it acts essentially only in an area and an open pore network with more or less horizontally extending pores 26 and more or less vertically extending pores 28 results, the latter from pass through the interface 10 between facing layer 6 and body 4 in the vertical direction to the underside 12 of body 4.

Das durchgehende oder offene Porengeflecht der Vorsatzschicht und das durchgehende oder offene Porengeflecht des Körpers muß dabei mindestens in vertikaler Richtung kommunizieren; auch bei der Verbindung von Vorsatzschicht und Körper in der Grenzfläche 10 ist daher das Bindemittel nur sparsam zu verwenden, soweit es auch Vorsatzschicht 6 und Körper 4 miteinander verbindet. Insbesondere müssen dabei die vertikalen Poren 20 der Vorsatzschicht 6 mit den vertikalen Poren 28 des Körpers 4 kommunizieren. Aufgrund der größeren Korngröße der mineralischen Körner 22 im Körper ist dabei auch der gemittelte freie Durchlaßquerschnitt der vertikal durchgehenden Poren 28 des Körpers größer als der der vertikal durchgehenden Poren 20 der Vorsatzschicht 6.The continuous or open pore mesh of the facing layer and the continuous or open pore mesh of the body must communicate at least in the vertical direction; therefore, even when connecting the facing layer and body in the interface 10, the binder should only be used sparingly, insofar as it also connects the facing layer 6 and body 4 to one another. In particular, the vertical pores 20 of the facing layer 6 must communicate with the vertical pores 28 of the body 4. Due to the larger grain size of the mineral grains 22 in the body, the averaged free passage cross section of the vertically continuous pores 28 of the body is also larger than that of the vertically continuous pores 20 of the facing layer 6.

Bei dem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 2 sind stattdessen immer noch zur Anwendung kommende mineralische Körner durch das Bindemittel zu einem sonst dichten Körper 30 gebildet, in welchem an Stelle der vertikal durchgehenden Poren 28 des Ausführungsbeispiels nach Fig. 1 vertikal von oben nach unten verlaufende vertikale Kanäle 32 vorgeformt sind, die einen deutlich größeren Durchlaßquerschnitt als die vertikalen Poren 20 der Vorsatzschicht 6 haben und auch einen größeren Durchlaßquerschnitt als die vertikalen Poren 28 des Körpers 4 des Ausführungsbeispiels nach Fig. 1 haben können. Dabei kommt man mit einer wesentlich geringeren Zahl von vertikalen Kanälen 32 beim Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 2 als von vertikalen Poren 28 beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 aus. Zu den horizontalen Poren 26 des Ausführungsbeispieles nach Fig. 1 braucht dabei kein vorgeformtes Kanalanalogon vorgesehen zu sein. Die vertikalen Kanäle 38 werden über die horizontale Querschnittsfläche des Flächenbefestigungselements dabei so verteilt, daß das durch das Porengeflecht in der Vorsatzschicht 6 in den Körper 4 eintretende Wasser möglichst gleichmäßig und möglichst vollständig zur Unterseite 12 des Körpers 4 auch beim zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 2 abgeführt wird.In the second exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2, mineral grains that are still used are instead formed by the binder to form an otherwise dense body 30, in which instead of the vertically continuous pores 28 of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, vertical vertical ones run from top to bottom Channels 32 are preformed, which have a significantly larger passage cross section than the vertical pores 20 of the facing layer 6 and also a larger one Passage cross section than the vertical pores 28 of the body 4 of the embodiment of FIG. 1 can have. In this case, a substantially smaller number of vertical channels 32 in the embodiment of FIG. 2 than in the case of vertical pores 28 in the embodiment of FIG. 1 are sufficient. No preformed channel analog need be provided for the horizontal pores 26 of the embodiment of FIG. 1. The vertical channels 38 are distributed over the horizontal cross-sectional area of the surface fastener so that the water entering the body 4 through the pore mesh in the facing layer 6 is discharged as evenly and as completely as possible to the underside 12 of the body 4, even in the second embodiment of FIG. 2 becomes.

Claims (14)

Wasserdurchlässiges Flächenbefestigungselement (2) für Verkehrsflächen mit einem Körper aus mit Bindemittel unter Freilassung von durchgehenden Poren (20) verbundenen mineralischen Körnern (22), insbesondere aus Beton,
   gekennzeichnet durch eine den Körper (4) überdeckende Vorsatzschicht (6) mit zum Körper hin durchgehenden Poren (20), deren gemittelter freier Durchlaßquerschnitt kleiner ist als der gemittelte freie Durchlaßquerschnitt der Poren (28) des Körpers.Water-permeable surface fastening element (2) for traffic areas with a body made of mineral grains (22) connected with binding agent with the release of through pores (20), in particular made of concrete,
characterized by a facing layer (6) covering the body (4) with pores (20) passing through to the body, the mean free passage cross section of which is smaller than the mean free passage cross section of the pores (28) of the body. Flächenbefestigungselement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der gemittelte Porendurchmesser der Vorsatzschicht (6) höchstens die Hälfte, vorzugsweise höchstens ein Drittel, des gemittelten Porendurchmessers des Körpers (4) beträgt.Surface fastening element according to claim 1, characterized in that the average pore diameter of the facing layer (6) is at most half, preferably at most one third, of the average pore diameter of the body (4). Flächenbefestigungselement nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dicke der Vorsatzschicht (6) höchstens ein Viertel, vorzugsweise höchstens ein Sechstel, der Dicke des Körpers (4) beträgt.Surface fastening element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the thickness of the facing layer (6) at most a quarter, preferably at most a sixth, of the thickness of the body (4). Flächenbefestigungselement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dicke der Vorsatzschicht (6) mindestens ein Zwanzigstel, vorzugsweise mindestens ein Zehntel, der Dicke des Körpers (4) beträgt.Surface fastening element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the thickness of the facing layer (6) is at least one twentieth, preferably at least one tenth, of the thickness of the body (4). Flächenbefestigungselement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorsatzschicht (6) aus mit Bindemittel verbundenen mineralischen Körnern (14) besteht.Surface fastening element according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the facing layer (6) consists of mineral grains (14) connected with binding agents. Flächenbefestigungselement nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorsatzschicht (6) aus Beton besteht.Surface fastening element according to claim 5, characterized in that the facing layer (6) consists of concrete. Flächenbefestigungselement nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Bindemittel auf Kunststoffbasis für die Vorsatzschicht (6) und/oder den Körper (4) vorgesehen ist.Surface fastening element according to claim 5, characterized in that a binder based on plastic is provided for the facing layer (6) and / or the body (4). Flächenbefestigungselement nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gemittelte Korngröße der Vorsatzschicht (6) höchstens die Hälfte, vorzugsweise ein Drittel, der gemittelten Korngröße des Körpers (4) beträgt.Surface fastening element according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the average grain size of the facing layer (6) is at most half, preferably one third, of the average grain size of the body (4). Flächenbefestigungselement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß über die Vorsatzschicht (6) und/oder den Körper (4) Fasern verteilt sind.Surface fastening element according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that fibers are distributed over the facing layer (6) and / or the body (4). Flächenbefestigungselement nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Fasern Mineralfasern, vorzugsweise Glasfasern, vorgesehen sind.Surface fastening element according to claim 9, characterized in that mineral fibers, preferably glass fibers, are provided as fibers. Flächenbefestigungselement nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Fasern Kunststoffasern vorgesehen sind.Surface fastening element according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that plastic fibers are provided as fibers. Flächenbefestigungselement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die durchgehenden Poren des Körpers (4) in einem sonst dichten Körper (30) aus Körnern und Bindemittel vorgeformte Kanäle (32) sind.Surface fastening element according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the continuous pores of the body (4) are channels (32) preformed from grains and binders in an otherwise sealed body (30). Flächenbefestigungselement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oberseite (8) der Vorsatzschicht (6) feinporig glatt geformt ist.Surface fastening element according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the upper side (8) of the facing layer (6) is of smooth, fine-pored shape. Anwendung eines Hochdruckwasserstrahlverfahrens zum Freispülen der durchgehenden Poren (20) der Vorsatzschicht (6) im Verkehrsflächenverbund der Flächenbefestigungselemente (2).Use of a high-pressure water jet method for flushing the continuous pores (20) of the facing layer (6) in the traffic area network of the area fastening elements (2).
EP91111775A 1990-07-16 1991-07-15 Porous surface covering element and its application Expired - Lifetime EP0471978B1 (en)

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AT91111775T ATE104008T1 (en) 1990-07-16 1991-07-15 WATER-PERMEABLE SURFACE FASTENING ELEMENT AND APPLICATION.
DE9116773U DE9116773U1 (en) 1990-07-16 1991-07-15 Permeable surface fastener and its application

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DE4022586A DE4022586A1 (en) 1990-07-16 1990-07-16 WATERPROOF AREA FASTENER AND APPLICATION
DE4022586 1990-07-16

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EP1079024A3 (en) * 1999-08-27 2002-01-02 Nihon Kogyo Co., Ltd. Paving block and laying structure thereof
WO2002070823A1 (en) * 2001-03-06 2002-09-12 Ernst Ries Method for reconstructing stones having at least one spalling, and stone reconstructed according to said method
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DE4022586A1 (en) 1991-08-08
EP0471978B1 (en) 1994-04-06
EP0471978A3 (en) 1992-04-22
ATE104008T1 (en) 1994-04-15

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