EP0465333A1 - Verfahren und Anlage zum Aufhärten eines Werkstückes aus einer metallischen Legierung unter niedrigem Druck - Google Patents

Verfahren und Anlage zum Aufhärten eines Werkstückes aus einer metallischen Legierung unter niedrigem Druck Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0465333A1
EP0465333A1 EP91401792A EP91401792A EP0465333A1 EP 0465333 A1 EP0465333 A1 EP 0465333A1 EP 91401792 A EP91401792 A EP 91401792A EP 91401792 A EP91401792 A EP 91401792A EP 0465333 A1 EP0465333 A1 EP 0465333A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hpa
pressure
vacuum
breaking
ethylene
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Granted
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EP91401792A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0465333B1 (de
Inventor
André Faure
Jacques Frey
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Aubert and Duval SA
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Aubert and Duval SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/20—Carburising
    • C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a low pressure carburizing process applied to metal alloy parts and more particularly steel as well as an installation allowing the implementation of this process.
  • Case hardening is a common practice in metallurgy when it comes to hardening metal parts on the surface to a certain depth to the exclusion of their internal parts which, themselves, must retain a certain flexibility so as not to break inadvertently.
  • the carbon is incorporated by gas carburizing.
  • the articles to be case-hardened are placed in a vacuum furnace in which gaseous hydrocarbons are circulated essentially based on methane or propane and the treatment is only envisaged. '' at temperatures above about 950 ° C. We work at a pressure below atmospheric pressure, thus ensuring the absorption and thermal diffusion of carbon at the surface of the article. It can be noted that the implementation of this method implies the need to use a pulsation effect to ensure the diffusion at the desired depth of the carbon in the treated part.
  • a methane-based fuel gas is also used.
  • This gas has the disadvantage of dissociating by producing a lot carbon which turns into black smoke and hinders cementation by fouling the treated parts as well as the oven.
  • the object of the present invention is to eliminate such drawbacks by implementing a process in which a fuel mixture consisting of hydrogen and ethylene is used, in a proportion of 2 to 60% of ethylene in volume and the oven is heated between about 820 ° C and about 1100 ° C depending on the nature of the metals constituting the parts and according to the desired content and depth of carbon on the surface of the parts.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly well suited to the treatment of parts used in advanced industries and the automotive industry such as bearings, gears, slides, cams, piston pins, etc.
  • This device described in the case of a double vacuum oven, is also applicable in a cold wall oven.
  • Figure 1a is shown the carbon profile of a piece cemented according to Example 1, we can thus observe the percentage of carbon incorporated as a function of the depth P.
  • FIG. 1b is shown the microhardness HV 0.5 kg as a function of the depth for parts treated according to example 1.
  • Figure 1c is shown a section of a cylindrical part 10 cemented on the surface according to Example 1 after attack at the nital 2% and respective magnification of 2 and 500 times showing the great regularity on the macrographic picture and the homogeneity of structure on the micrograph.
  • Examples 2 to 7 are illustrated by figures drawn up identically to the figures in Example 1.
  • FIG. 2c shows the arrangement in exploded view on three stages in the tank of the furnace of blind bores 11 and open bores 12. Remarkable results have been obtained using tubes of 85 mm in length, with external diameter 14 mm and a bore diameter of 8 mm.
  • FIG. 2a represents the dispersion band of the carbon profiles obtained on all of the parts shown in 2c.
  • FIG. 2b represents the dispersion band of the microhardness profiles obtained on all of the parts shown in 2c.
  • FIG. 2d is shown a section of a tubular piece 20 cemented on the surface, at the periphery and in the bore, according to Example 2 after attack at the nital 2% and respective magnification of 2 and 500 times showing the great regularity and the homogeneity of the cemented layer.
  • the assembly represented in FIG. 8 comprises the tank 3 and the internal device as well as the cover 5.
  • Gas inlet pipes 7, 8, 9 pass through the cover and open respectively to the first I, second II and third III stages of the tank in at least three outlets per stage regularly distributed such as 21, 22 and 23 for stage II in particular.
  • thermocouples installed on each floor are permanently connected to a microcomputer not shown which ensures the smooth running of all the operations of the installation.
  • Each stage has a perforated tray on which the articles to be cemented rest.
  • the gases circulate through the load in the direction of the two exhausts, one main at the top of the tank, the other derived at the bottom of the tank following the path indicated by the arrows to be finally sucked at the top of the cover by a large pipe 26 connected to a circulation pump 28.
  • a relative flow curve as a percentage of the cementing gas is shown to the right of the furnace.
  • the installation shown in FIG. 9 comprises a so-called double vacuum oven 50 in the sense that a vacuum is established both in the tank 55 and in the annular space 56 surrounding the tank.
  • the cementing gases arrive via lines 51 for hydrogen and 52 for ethylene and are directed to several stages where they are regularly distributed.
  • the gas circulation takes place in the tank as described in FIG. 8.
  • the gases are then directed to the pumping unit 62 by a line 59 with a sampling branch to a gas analyzer 60 in connection with a microcomputer.
  • the various data such as temperatures, pressure, flow rates and gas composition are gathered by a acquirer connected to a microcomputer 61.
  • Charging of the tank containing the parts to be treated then takes place and the first austenitization phase is carried out by heating to different temperatures depending on the case, and to a maximum vacuum of 10 ⁇ 2 hPa.
  • the vacuum is broken by introducing hydrogen until a pressure of 500 hPa is obtained. Carbon enrichment is carried out by introduction of ethylene at a pressure generally close to 30 hPa and then diffusion at an absolute pressure less than or equal to 10 ⁇ 1 hPa. The vacuum is then broken with nitrogen at atmospheric pressure and then a job treatment is carried out which makes it possible to obtain the desired final characteristics for the case-hardened parts. In the case of Examples 4, 5 and 6, after the diffusion, the vacuum is broken with hydrogen and a second carbon enrichment is carried out followed by a diffusion which precedes the vacuum breaking with nitrogen at pressure atmospheric.
  • the implementation of the method is carried out under the supervision of a microcomputer to which all the technical parameters programmed are supplied such as grades of steels, temperatures of the various places of the furnace, pressure in the enclosure, durations of the enrichment and diffusion sequences, general flow of gases on each stage, composition of gases and adjustment in depending on the analysis of the exit gases.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
EP91401792A 1990-07-02 1991-07-01 Verfahren und Anlage zum Aufhärten eines Werkstückes aus einer metallischen Legierung unter niedrigem Druck Expired - Lifetime EP0465333B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9008330A FR2663953B1 (fr) 1990-07-02 1990-07-02 Procede et installation de cementation de pieces en alliage metallique a basse pression.
FR9008330 1990-07-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0465333A1 true EP0465333A1 (de) 1992-01-08
EP0465333B1 EP0465333B1 (de) 1995-03-01

Family

ID=9398230

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91401792A Expired - Lifetime EP0465333B1 (de) 1990-07-02 1991-07-01 Verfahren und Anlage zum Aufhärten eines Werkstückes aus einer metallischen Legierung unter niedrigem Druck

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5205873A (de)
EP (1) EP0465333B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE119214T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2046052C (de)
DE (1) DE69107708T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2071251T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2663953B1 (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2763604A1 (fr) * 1997-05-23 1998-11-27 Innovatique Sa Procede pour la formation, par un traitement thermochimique sans plasma, d'une couche superficielle presentant une durete elevee
FR2827875A1 (fr) * 2001-07-24 2003-01-31 Ascometal Sa Acier pour pieces mecaniques, et pieces mecaniques cementees ou carbonitrurees realisees a partir de cet acier
FR2847591A1 (fr) * 2002-11-25 2004-05-28 Bosch Gmbh Robert Procede de cementation de pieces en acier pour travail a chaud par carburation en depression
US9617632B2 (en) 2012-01-20 2017-04-11 Swagelok Company Concurrent flow of activating gas in low temperature carburization
US10156006B2 (en) 2009-08-07 2018-12-18 Swagelok Company Low temperature carburization under soft vacuum

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996030556A1 (fr) * 1995-03-29 1996-10-03 Jh Corporation Procede et equipement de cementation, et produits de cette operation
US6187111B1 (en) 1998-03-05 2001-02-13 Nachi-Fujikoshi Corp. Vacuum carburizing method
JP2000336469A (ja) * 1999-05-28 2000-12-05 Nachi Fujikoshi Corp 真空浸炭方法及び装置
FR2813892B1 (fr) * 2000-09-13 2003-09-26 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Procede de traitement thermique d'aciers d'outillages hypoeutectoides
US6991687B2 (en) * 2001-07-27 2006-01-31 Surface Combustion, Inc. Vacuum carburizing with napthene hydrocarbons
US7033446B2 (en) * 2001-07-27 2006-04-25 Surface Combustion, Inc. Vacuum carburizing with unsaturated aromatic hydrocarbons
CN1291057C (zh) * 2001-11-30 2006-12-20 光洋热***株式会社 真空热处理方法及装置
DE10209382B4 (de) * 2002-03-02 2011-04-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Aufkohlung von Bauteilen
DE10235131A1 (de) * 2002-08-01 2004-02-19 Ipsen International Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schwärzen von Bauteilen
PL204747B1 (pl) * 2002-10-31 2010-02-26 Politechnika & Lstrok Odzka Sposób nawęglania wyrobów stalowych w podciśnieniu
US7431777B1 (en) * 2003-05-20 2008-10-07 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Composition gradient cermets and reactive heat treatment process for preparing same
US7524382B2 (en) * 2005-02-26 2009-04-28 General Electric Company Method for substrate stabilization of diffusion aluminide coated nickel-based superalloys
US7823341B2 (en) * 2005-08-04 2010-11-02 Ceslab, Inc. Height-adjustable, structurally suspended slabs for a structural foundation
US20070068601A1 (en) * 2005-09-26 2007-03-29 Jones William R Process for treating steel alloys
US7514035B2 (en) * 2005-09-26 2009-04-07 Jones William R Versatile high velocity integral vacuum furnace
US20080120843A1 (en) * 2006-11-06 2008-05-29 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Method for manufacturing low distortion carburized gears
US8425691B2 (en) 2010-07-21 2013-04-23 Kenneth H. Moyer Stainless steel carburization process
PL422596A1 (pl) 2017-08-21 2019-02-25 Seco/Warwick Spółka Akcyjna Sposób nawęglania podciśnieniowego (LPC) elementów wykonanych ze stopów żelaza i innych metali

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4108693A (en) * 1974-12-19 1978-08-22 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method for the heat-treatment of steel and for the control of said treatment
GB1559690A (en) * 1976-11-10 1980-01-23 British Steel Corp Treatment of steel products
DE3217295A1 (de) * 1981-05-08 1982-12-02 General Signal Corp., 06904 Stamford, Conn. Verfahren zur vakuumaufkohlung von stahl

Family Cites Families (3)

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US4152177A (en) * 1977-02-03 1979-05-01 General Motors Corporation Method of gas carburizing
SU668978A1 (ru) * 1977-06-02 1979-06-28 Предприятие П/Я А-7697 Способ цементации стальных деталей
US4836684A (en) * 1988-02-18 1989-06-06 Ultrasonic Power Corporation Ultrasonic cleaning apparatus with phase diversifier

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4108693A (en) * 1974-12-19 1978-08-22 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method for the heat-treatment of steel and for the control of said treatment
GB1559690A (en) * 1976-11-10 1980-01-23 British Steel Corp Treatment of steel products
DE3217295A1 (de) * 1981-05-08 1982-12-02 General Signal Corp., 06904 Stamford, Conn. Verfahren zur vakuumaufkohlung von stahl

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES vol. 137, no. 3, Mars 1990, MATERIALS PARK ,OHIO,US E.J. KUBEL JR: 'EXTENDING CARBURIZING-PROCESS CAPABILITIES ' *
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 91, no. 18, Octobre 1979, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 144330J, KRYLOV V.S. 'cementation of steel articles ' page 218 ;colonne 91 ; *
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 97, no. 14, Octobre 1982, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 113319G, KASPERSMA 'carburisation and gas reactions of hydrocarbon-nitrogen mixtures at 850Øc and 925Øc: ' page 212 ;colonne 97 ; *

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2763604A1 (fr) * 1997-05-23 1998-11-27 Innovatique Sa Procede pour la formation, par un traitement thermochimique sans plasma, d'une couche superficielle presentant une durete elevee
EP0885980A2 (de) * 1997-05-23 1998-12-23 Innovatique S.A. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Oberflächenschicht von grosser Härte durch thermochemische plasmafreie Behandlung
EP0885980A3 (de) * 1997-05-23 2000-10-11 Innovatique S.A. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Oberflächenschicht von grosser Härte durch thermochemische plasmafreie Behandlung
FR2827875A1 (fr) * 2001-07-24 2003-01-31 Ascometal Sa Acier pour pieces mecaniques, et pieces mecaniques cementees ou carbonitrurees realisees a partir de cet acier
WO2003012156A1 (fr) * 2001-07-24 2003-02-13 Ascometal Procede de fabrication d'une piece mecanique, et piece mecanique ainsi realisee
FR2847591A1 (fr) * 2002-11-25 2004-05-28 Bosch Gmbh Robert Procede de cementation de pieces en acier pour travail a chaud par carburation en depression
US10156006B2 (en) 2009-08-07 2018-12-18 Swagelok Company Low temperature carburization under soft vacuum
US10934611B2 (en) 2009-08-07 2021-03-02 Swagelok Company Low temperature carburization under soft vacuum
US9617632B2 (en) 2012-01-20 2017-04-11 Swagelok Company Concurrent flow of activating gas in low temperature carburization
US10246766B2 (en) 2012-01-20 2019-04-02 Swagelok Company Concurrent flow of activating gas in low temperature carburization
US11035032B2 (en) 2012-01-20 2021-06-15 Swagelok Company Concurrent flow of activating gas in low temperature carburization

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0465333B1 (de) 1995-03-01
CA2046052A1 (fr) 1992-01-03
DE69107708D1 (de) 1995-04-06
FR2663953B1 (fr) 1993-07-09
US5205873A (en) 1993-04-27
CA2046052C (fr) 2001-10-30
ES2071251T3 (es) 1995-06-16
ATE119214T1 (de) 1995-03-15
DE69107708T2 (de) 1995-09-21
FR2663953A1 (fr) 1992-01-03

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