EP0411060A1 - Method and burner for melting copper - Google Patents
Method and burner for melting copperInfo
- Publication number
- EP0411060A1 EP0411060A1 EP89908783A EP89908783A EP0411060A1 EP 0411060 A1 EP0411060 A1 EP 0411060A1 EP 89908783 A EP89908783 A EP 89908783A EP 89908783 A EP89908783 A EP 89908783A EP 0411060 A1 EP0411060 A1 EP 0411060A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- burner
- eyepiece
- copper
- section
- burners
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/0028—Smelting or converting
- C22B15/003—Bath smelting or converting
- C22B15/0032—Bath smelting or converting in shaft furnaces, e.g. blast furnaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M11/00—Safety arrangements
- F23M11/04—Means for supervising combustion, e.g. windows
- F23M11/045—Means for supervising combustion, e.g. windows by observing the flame
Definitions
- This invention relates to burners which provide substantially complete combustion and a uniform flame composition using a wide variety of fuels including low pressure gaseous and liquid fuels and to a method for using these burners to effectively and efficiently melt copper cathodes in a vertical shaft furnace without incorporating unwanted amounts of oxygen into the copper.
- the need for burners providing efficient heating and melting is a very important industrial concern, especially today when energy costs are rising, supplies of fuel are decreasing and the types of fuels available for use are changing.
- the melting of copper cathodes in a vertical fuel-fired furnace is one example of the need for new burners capable of using liquid fuels and fuels such as Blue water gas, carburetted water gas, reformed natural gas, natural gas, coke oven gas, oil gas, producer gas and other natural and manu ⁇ factured gases.
- liquid fuels and fuels such as Blue water gas, carburetted water gas, reformed natural gas, natural gas, coke oven gas, oil gas, producer gas and other natural and manu ⁇ factured gases.
- cathodes are produced industrially by electrolytic processes.
- the cathodes are commercially pure copper and are generally flat rectangular shapes about one inch thick by about 25 inches to 40 inches, although larger or smaller sizes may be produced.
- the cathodically deposited copper is commercially pure except for the usual impurities and unavoidable minor,amounts of electrolyte (sulphates) physically present on the surface of the cathodes or occluded therein, the copper cathodes generally are not used per se because of their shape and physical properties, especially the grain structure of the deposited copper. To place them in more useful form, the cathodes must be melted and the molten metal cast into one or more semi-finished forms—for example, cakes, ingots, bars such as wire bars, billets and rods and similar shapes from which finished products are produced, such as for example, sheets, wire, tubes, and the many other commercial products fabricated of commercially pure copper.
- semi-finished forms for example, cakes, ingots, bars such as wire bars, billets and rods and similar shapes from which finished products are produced, such as for example, sheets, wire, tubes, and the many other commercial products fabricated of commercially pure copper.
- the copper becomes contaminated with commercially unacceptable amounts of oxygen and sulphur during the melting, it is essential that the sulphur and oxygen in the molten copper be reduced to acceptable amounts by blowing and poling before the molten metal is cast. From a commercial standpoint however, the melted copper is essentially ruined and cannot be used and must be reprocessed through a series of steps to form a new cathode. This is a costly and time consuming procedure.
- the burners used to melt the copper not contaminate the copper with, for example unwanted oxygen.
- the fuel- oxygen (air) mixture is proportioned to contain insufficient oxygen to completely burn the fuel and the resulting melting flame is a reducing flame.
- the critical nature of the melting stream (flame) requires however, that even though the total stream is reducing, unwanted oxidizing effects caused by the presence of unburned oxygen in the flame must be avoided.
- the predetermined reducing conditions should be such that any oxygen incorporated into the copper is less than .05% by weight of the copper during the melting.
- the predetermined reducing conditions are such that less than .035% and most preferably less than .01% by weight of oxygen are incorporated into the molten copper.
- the burners described in Phillips et al. supra and U.S. Patent No. 4,536,152 to Little et al. were specially designed to provide such a uniform reducing flame and a commercially pure melted copper product with the burner being shown in Fig. 1.
- the disclosure of U.S. Patent No. 4,536,152 is hereby incorporated by reference.
- the prior art burner body 3 shown in Fig. 1 is comprised of a mixing section 50 for uniting a stream of fuel and a stream of an oxygen-containing gas (air) to form a unit stream and for introducing the unit stream into flame holder section 51.
- the burner body is also provided with a combustion chamber section 52 and is mounted on flange 53 against shoulder 54 of flame holder section 51.
- Igniter bar 58 may be disposed in the throat, and a conventional electrically activated spark plug 59 for igniting the unit stream is mounted on the side of section 51 with the inner end of the spark plug disposed adjacent bar 58.
- the combination of the throat and bar 58 are especially useful in maintaining combustion of the unit stream in combustion chamber 52, particularly at high fuel velocities.
- Section 51 is also provided with openings 69 and 70 for taking samples of the unit stream.
- Section 50 has an annular manifold portion 60, sleeve 61, bend or elbow portion 62, orifice plate 63 and observation port 64 provided with transparent eyepiece 65.
- Sleeve 61 which abuts shoulder 66 and the left end of section 50, cooperates with annular portion 60 to provide a manifold for introducing the smaller of the two streams to be united (usually the fuel stream) from pipe 36 through openings 67 into uniting chamber 68; the size and distribution of openings 67 about the periphery of the sleeve being selected to control entry to the fluid into the chamber.
- the larger strea is introduced to chamber 68 from pipe 29 through the orifice in plate 63 and bend portion 62.
- Pipe 36 conducts the smaller stream (fuel) to the burner body and is provided with a valve 39 for controlling the amount of fuel delivered at positive pressure to the burner body.
- Pipe 36 is provided with a conventional diaphragm controlled valve 38 having tube 37 leading from inside pipe 29 to the space above the diaphragm in the diaphragm means so as to communicate the pressure of the air in pipe 29 to the diaphragm.
- Normal operating pressures for the fuel gases are 1.25 to 2 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) and higher.
- the larger stream of the two streams to be united is conducted to the burner body through an orifice into a bend leading to the uniting chamber, and the precise composition of the stream is determined in the manner disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,199,977.
- This invention provides a highly effective burner for melting metals without significant contamination of the metals and which is capable of using a wide variety of fuels including low and high pressure gaseous fuels and liquid fuels.
- the burner is an improvement of the burners described in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,199,977 and 4,536,152 and employs an aspirator mixer in place of the pressure mixing section of the prior art burners, which aspirator mixer allows the use of fuels having a pressure less than the pressure, e.g., air pressure, in the burner.
- the prior art burners normally require a 12-15 inches of water pressure higher than the air pressure to operate.
- the fuel pressure may be less than the air pressure.
- an eyepiece aligned axially with the mixing chamber of the burner and which may be positioned in a displacement rod used to form the aspirator orifice in the mixer section of the burner.
- the eyepiece preferably has a wide angle viewing lens to provide a wide angle view of the burner chamber walls.
- a more preferred embodiment utilizes a telescoping viewing instrument desirably positioned in the displacement rod for focusing on certain parts of the burner and even the furnace interior.
- Fig. 1 is an enlarged vertical section view describing the prior art burner assembly
- Fig. 2 is a section of the aspirator mixer section of the burner of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
- the prior art burner shown in Fig. l and as discussed hereinabove is comprised of a number of sections and parts.
- the improved burner comprises replacing at or near point A of Fig. 1 the mixing section 50 and bend portion 62 with the mixing section 71 of the invention as shown in Fig. 2.
- Mixing section 71 can be secured at point A by a threaded connection, flange, or other mechanical seal.
- Tube 37 of Fig. 1 which leads to diaphragm control valve 38 would preferably be retained aftd, f in a more preferred embodiment, a similar tub,e would be connected at the end of the mixing section 71 near point A. This tube would be connected in a tee fitting with tube 37 to provide a pressure indication to the valve 38 and increased control of the burner operation.
- mixing section 71 is comprised of a mixing chamber 72 having optionally disposed therein, displacement rod 73 which forms an annular orifice 74.
- the smaller of the two streams to be united (usually the fuel stream) is introduced at inlet port 75 with the larger stream (usually the air stream) being introduced through inlet port 76.
- Eyepieces 77 and 78 are disposed at the ends of the displacement rod 73, with eyepiece 78 preferably being a wide-angle lens capable of viewing the complete interior of the igniting section 51 and combustion chamber 52.
- a highly preferred embodiment employs a telescopic section 79 disposed in displacement rod 73 for focusing on specific parts of the burner 3 and even the interior of the furnace.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)
Abstract
Brûleurs avec un mélangeur permettant d'observer la flamme (71, 72) offrant une combustion sensiblement totale ainsi qu'une composition uniforme de la flamme, utilisant une grande variété de combustibles, y compris des combustibles gazeux et liquides à basse pression. Procédé d'utilisation de ces brûleurs pour faire fondre des cathodes de cuivre dans un fourneau à cuve verticale.Burners with a flame observation mixer (71, 72) providing substantially complete combustion as well as a uniform composition of the flame, using a wide variety of fuels, including gaseous and liquid fuels at low pressure. Method of using these burners to melt copper cathodes in a vertical tank furnace.
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US24117388A | 1988-09-06 | 1988-09-06 | |
US241173 | 1994-05-10 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0411060A1 true EP0411060A1 (en) | 1991-02-06 |
EP0411060A4 EP0411060A4 (en) | 1991-04-03 |
Family
ID=22909546
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19890908783 Withdrawn EP0411060A4 (en) | 1988-09-06 | 1989-07-26 | Method and burner for melting copper |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0411060A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH03503205A (en) |
KR (1) | KR900702061A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1022846C (en) |
AU (1) | AU622923B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8907069A (en) |
DK (1) | DK87390D0 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2016902A6 (en) |
FI (1) | FI901749A0 (en) |
GR (1) | GR1000507B (en) |
HU (1) | HU208573B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1990002909A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA895874B (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1995018856A1 (en) | 1993-12-30 | 1995-07-13 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Vertebrate embryonic pattern-inducing hedgehog-like proteins |
US6746852B1 (en) | 1998-05-08 | 2004-06-08 | Osi Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | AGS proteins and nucleic acid molecules and uses thereof |
US7396905B1 (en) | 1999-05-21 | 2008-07-08 | Mckeon Frank | Calcipressins: endogenous inhibitors of calcineurin, uses and reagents related thereto |
US6436677B1 (en) | 2000-03-02 | 2002-08-20 | Promega Corporation | Method of reverse transcription |
US6573370B1 (en) | 2000-05-19 | 2003-06-03 | Regents Of The University Of Michigan | PON3 and uses thereof |
US6878861B2 (en) | 2000-07-21 | 2005-04-12 | Washington State University Research Foundation | Acyl coenzyme A thioesterases |
EP1366160B1 (en) | 2000-10-06 | 2008-07-09 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Mini-dystrophin nucleic acid and peptide sequences |
CA2439263C (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2012-10-23 | Frank Becker | Three hybrid assay system |
DK1677735T3 (en) | 2003-10-17 | 2014-10-27 | Joslin Diabetes Center Inc | METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR MODULATING ADIPOCYTE FUNCTION |
AU2005219839B9 (en) | 2004-03-01 | 2011-12-22 | Immune Disease Institute, Inc | Natural IgM antibodies and inhibitors thereof |
AU2007345292B2 (en) | 2006-02-14 | 2013-10-31 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | Bifunctional histone deacetylase inhibitors |
AU2007248656B2 (en) | 2006-05-03 | 2013-04-04 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | Histone deacetylase and tubulin deacetylase inhibitors |
DE102021204972A1 (en) | 2021-05-17 | 2022-11-17 | Sms Group Gmbh | burner |
DE102021204973A1 (en) | 2021-05-17 | 2022-11-17 | Sms Group Gmbh | Camera module for a burner |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE550560A (en) * | ||||
DE675878C (en) * | 1937-07-27 | 1939-05-20 | Hans Linneborn | Gas burner with a nozzle-like outlet opening for the unmixed gas |
US4402740A (en) * | 1980-07-30 | 1983-09-06 | Southwire Company | Dual fuel burner for metal melting furnaces |
EP0099828A2 (en) * | 1982-07-15 | 1984-02-01 | Compagnie De Raffinage Et De Distribution Total France | Apparatus for the combustion of combustible fluids with air induction |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1466356A (en) * | 1921-06-14 | 1923-08-28 | Surface Comb Co Inc | Method of and apparatus for mixing and proportioning gases |
US1618486A (en) * | 1921-07-21 | 1927-02-22 | Deere & Co | Heating furnace |
US2113450A (en) * | 1934-01-22 | 1938-04-05 | Polymet Mfg Corp | Pyroscope |
US2399116A (en) * | 1942-04-18 | 1946-04-23 | Hanson Amandus | Glass furnace |
US3021386A (en) * | 1960-03-30 | 1962-02-13 | Gen Electric | Boiler port viewing system |
US3199977A (en) * | 1962-06-22 | 1965-08-10 | American Smelting Refining | Method and apparatus for melting copper |
US3486835A (en) * | 1968-04-16 | 1969-12-30 | Sun Ray Burner Mfg Corp | Power conversion burner head |
US3545903A (en) * | 1969-03-12 | 1970-12-08 | United States Steel Corp | Burner for preheating a refractory lined vessel |
US3990835A (en) * | 1974-07-26 | 1976-11-09 | Occidental Petroleum Corporation | Burner for igniting oil shale retort |
US4311519A (en) * | 1979-12-26 | 1982-01-19 | Southwire Company | Melting furnace for granulated metal |
US4536152A (en) * | 1983-04-04 | 1985-08-20 | Asarco Incorporated | High-velocity gas burners |
-
1989
- 1989-07-26 WO PCT/US1989/003268 patent/WO1990002909A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-07-26 EP EP19890908783 patent/EP0411060A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-07-26 HU HU894625A patent/HU208573B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-07-26 JP JP1508261A patent/JPH03503205A/en active Pending
- 1989-07-26 KR KR1019900700741A patent/KR900702061A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-07-26 AU AU39899/89A patent/AU622923B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-07-26 BR BR898907069A patent/BR8907069A/en unknown
- 1989-08-01 ZA ZA895874A patent/ZA895874B/en unknown
- 1989-08-04 GR GR890100496A patent/GR1000507B/en unknown
- 1989-08-21 CN CN89106436A patent/CN1022846C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-08-28 ES ES8902956A patent/ES2016902A6/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-04-06 FI FI901749A patent/FI901749A0/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-04-06 DK DK087390A patent/DK87390D0/en unknown
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE550560A (en) * | ||||
DE675878C (en) * | 1937-07-27 | 1939-05-20 | Hans Linneborn | Gas burner with a nozzle-like outlet opening for the unmixed gas |
US4402740A (en) * | 1980-07-30 | 1983-09-06 | Southwire Company | Dual fuel burner for metal melting furnaces |
EP0099828A2 (en) * | 1982-07-15 | 1984-02-01 | Compagnie De Raffinage Et De Distribution Total France | Apparatus for the combustion of combustible fluids with air induction |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
POWER, vol. 126, no. 12, December 1982, page 112, Concord, New Hampshire, US; J. REASON: "Fiberoptic probe looks right inside boiler furnace" * |
See also references of WO9002909A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1022846C (en) | 1993-11-24 |
GR890100496A (en) | 1990-10-31 |
HUT56169A (en) | 1991-07-29 |
FI901749A0 (en) | 1990-04-06 |
HU208573B (en) | 1993-11-29 |
WO1990002909A1 (en) | 1990-03-22 |
ES2016902A6 (en) | 1990-12-01 |
AU3989989A (en) | 1990-04-02 |
BR8907069A (en) | 1991-01-02 |
ZA895874B (en) | 1990-05-30 |
CN1041618A (en) | 1990-04-25 |
EP0411060A4 (en) | 1991-04-03 |
HU894625D0 (en) | 1991-06-28 |
AU622923B2 (en) | 1992-04-30 |
DK87390A (en) | 1990-04-06 |
DK87390D0 (en) | 1990-04-06 |
KR900702061A (en) | 1990-12-05 |
GR1000507B (en) | 1992-07-30 |
JPH03503205A (en) | 1991-07-18 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19900627 |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
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A4 | Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched |
Effective date: 19910215 |
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RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI NL SE |
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17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19920819 |
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STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19931222 |