EP0410428B1 - Système de collecteur pour la poussière dans des tunnels - Google Patents

Système de collecteur pour la poussière dans des tunnels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0410428B1
EP0410428B1 EP90114281A EP90114281A EP0410428B1 EP 0410428 B1 EP0410428 B1 EP 0410428B1 EP 90114281 A EP90114281 A EP 90114281A EP 90114281 A EP90114281 A EP 90114281A EP 0410428 B1 EP0410428 B1 EP 0410428B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
dust
dust collecting
tunnel
collecting chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90114281A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0410428A2 (fr
EP0410428A3 (en
Inventor
Shogo C/O Fuji Electric Co. Ltd. Nakamura
Toshiharu C/O Fuji Electric Co. Ltd. Sasamoto
Yoshihiro C/O Fuji Electric Co. Ltd. Minowa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fuji Electric Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Fuji Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fuji Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Fuji Electric Co Ltd
Priority to EP95107725A priority Critical patent/EP0675263B1/fr
Priority to EP93112603A priority patent/EP0577153B1/fr
Priority to EP94106613A priority patent/EP0613994B1/fr
Publication of EP0410428A2 publication Critical patent/EP0410428A2/fr
Publication of EP0410428A3 publication Critical patent/EP0410428A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0410428B1 publication Critical patent/EP0410428B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
    • E21F1/003—Ventilation of traffic tunnels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
    • E21F5/20—Drawing-off or depositing dust

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a tunnel dust collecting system, according to the preamble of claim 1 in which an electrical dust collector is used to remove dust and smoke from the contaminated air in a tunnel thereby to use the air again, and more particularly to a tunnel dust collecting system which is installed on the ceiling of a tunnel which is provided mainly for automobiles.
  • Fig.4 (A) a tunnel dust collecting system of bypass tunnel type as shown in Fig.4 (A)
  • a tunnel dust collecting system of ceiling installation type as shown in Fig. 4(B)
  • Figs. 5(A) and 5 (B) are a plan view and a sectional view of the tunnel dust collecting system shown in Fig. 4(B).
  • a bypass tunnel is connected, as a dust collecting chamber 2, to the main tunnel 1 provided for automobiles, so that the air contaminated in the tunnel 1 is led into the dust collecting chamber at one end opened in the side wall of the main tunnel 1, where it is decontaminated with an electrical dust collector 3 (hereinafter referred to merely as "a dust collector 3", when applicable).
  • the air thus processed is supplied into the main tunnel 1 with an air blower 4 through the other end of the dust collecting chamber 2.
  • a ceiling board 5 is installed in such a manner as to form a dust collecting chamber 2 in the upper portion of a tunnel.
  • the dust collecting chamber 2 has one end 2a which is used to suck air from the tunnel (hereinafter referred to as "an air sucking end 2a”, when applicable), and the other end 2b which is used to supply decontaminated air into the tunnel (hereinafter referred to as "an air supplying end 2b", when applicable).
  • the contaminated air sucked into the dust collecting chamber 2 through the air sucking end 2a is decontaminated with dust collectors 3, and the air thus decontaminated is supplied into the tunnel with air blowers 4 provided near the air supplying end 2b.
  • the tunnel dust collecting system of ceiling installation type is advantageous in that its installation cost is lower because it is unnecessary to form the bypass tunnel.
  • two dust collectors 3 are provided in the dust collecting chamber 2 in such a manner that they are separated from each other with a partition board 6. More specifically, the dust collecting chamber is divided by the partition board 6 into two parts,in which the two dust collectors are provided, respectively.
  • Two axial flow type air blowers 4 with cylindrical casings 4b are provided at the air supplying end 2b of the dust collecting chamber 2, and air sucking inlets 7 are provided at the air sucking end of the dust collecting chamber 2.
  • the air in the upper portion of the tunnel is sucked through the air sucking inlets 7 linearly along the central axis of the tunnel into the dust collecting chamber and decontaminated with the dust collectors 3, and the air thus decontaminated is linearly supplied into the tunnel with the air blowers 4 through air supplying outlets 4a.
  • the ceiling board 5 serves as a base board which supports the dust collectors 3 etc. Generally, the ceiling board 5 is extended to the air supplying outlets 4a of the air blowers 4, being utilized as means for making access to the air blowers for inspection or maintenance.
  • the air sucking end 2a of the dust collecting chamber 2 is employed as the air sucking inlets 7.
  • a tunnel dust collecting system of ceiling installation type in which, as shown in Fig. 6 , the end of the dust collecting chamber corresponding to the above-described air sucking end is closed, and instead an air sucking inlet is opened in the end portion of the ceiling board 5 (hereinafter referred to as "a tunnel dust collecting system of upward suction type", when applicable).
  • the air sucking end 2a of the dust collecting chamber 2 defined by the ceiling board 5 is closed with a closing board 8, and instead a rectangular-window-shaped air sucking inlet 9 is formed in the ceiling board 5 near the closing board 8.
  • the contaminated air in the tunnel is led through the air sucking inlet 9 into the dust collecting chamber as indicated by the arrows, and decontaminated with the dust collectors 3.
  • the air thus decontaminated is supplied into the tunnel with the air blowers 4.
  • the above-described conventional tunnel dust collecting system of ceiling installation type is disadvantageous in the following points lowering its dust collection efficiency.
  • the air decontaminated by the dust collectors 3 is blown along the central axis of the tunnel 1 into the upper portion of the latter as it is. Therefore, when compared with the tunnel dust collecting system of bypass tunnel type, the decontaminated air is difficult to mix with the contaminated air in the driveway space la of the tunnel 1.
  • the conventional system cannot decontaminate air sufficiently in the area where the engine load of an automobile is increased to increase the contamination of air as in an up- grade driveway of an undersea tunnel.
  • the interval of installation of dust collecting systems is determined with the distance taken into consideration with which decontaminated air is completely mixed with contaminated air.
  • the ceiling board 5 is provided below the air blowers 4. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 5(B), the stream of air blown by the air blowers 4 is not smoothly met with the stream of air around it, thus forming eddies 12. As a result, energy loss is caused, and accordingly it is necessary to use high electric power to supply decontaminated air at a predetermined flow rate.
  • a tunnel dust collecting system of ceiling installation type comprising an electrosatic precipitator and a blower in a housing unit wherein a discharge port is opened downward.
  • a fresh air ventilation system for a road tunnel is known in which a top portion of the tunnel is separated by boards from a bottom portion where the exhaust fumes are produced.
  • the boards comprise louvers positioned near the tunnel side walls for releasing the fresh air such as to flow from the board downward along the tunnel side wall. Since the system is designed for providing fresh air from outside the tunnel, the cleaning of the contaminated air produced in the tunnel is not addressed.
  • a system for ventilating the interior of an artificial road cover showing one or two blowers for exhaling fresh air into the tunnel with the blowers being arranged along the top board portion of the tunnel offset from the apex position.
  • the blowers serve for distributing fresh air in the tunnel and thus do not contain any means for collecting dust from the air passing therethrough.
  • the dust collectors are, in general, arranged in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the tunnel so as to lead the air stream straightly to the air sucking surfaces of the dust collectors.
  • all of the dust collectors except the first one as viewed from the air sucking end of the dust collecting chamber are set obliquely with respect to the longitudinal direction of the dust collecting chamber as if partially overlapped one another when viewed from the air sucking end, thus achieving the object of the invention.
  • the first dust collector in order to uniformly distribute the air stream to the dust collector, it is preferable that the first dust collector is smaller in air stream projection area than those of the remaining, and the distance between the first and second dust collectors is longer than those between the second and third dust collectors, between the third and fourth dust collectors, and so forth.
  • each electric dust collector has outlet dampers, the degrees of opening of which are adjusted to control the flow rate of air therein.
  • the effective air flow area for the dust collectors is increased when compared with the air flow area provided for the dust collecting chamber.
  • the dust collectors are positioned as if they were partially overlapped with one another when viewed from the air sucking end of the dust collecting chamber, then the air stream to a dust collector is disturbed by the preceding dust collector.
  • the dust collectors form an excessively large angle with the longitudinal direction of the dust collecting, then the contaminated air is not uniformly distributed to the dust collectors.
  • the angle is not more than 12°, and the distance between adjacent dust collectors is at least twice the width of the dust collector, then the contaminated air is uniformly distributed to the dust collectors.
  • the air flow area occupied by the first dust collector as viewed from the air sucking end of the dust collecting chamber is large when compared with the whole air flow area of the dust collecting chamber, so that the first dust collector adversely affects the flow rate of air in the second dust collector, at worst that in the third dust collector or in the fourth dust collector.
  • the first dust collector is made smaller in air stream projection area than the others, and the distance between the first and second dust collectors is made longer than the distance between the second and third dust collector, the distance between the third and fourth dust collectors, and so forth.
  • the distance between the first and second dust collectors is least 1.5 times the diameter of the air stream in the dust collecting chamber at the air sucking end.
  • the flow rate of air in each dust collector is controlled by adjusting the degrees of opening of dampers provided at the air outlet.
  • the degrees of opening of the dampers of a dust collector are decreased, the flow rate of air in the dust collector is decreased, and the air stream is distributed to the other dust collectors as much.
  • the same dampers are provided at the air inlet of each dust collector. However, if the dampers at the air inlet are adjusted, then the air stream flowing through the electrode boards is deflected, so that the dust collection efficiency is lowered.
  • preferably only the degrees of opening of the outlet dampers are controlled.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 show an embodiment of the invention.
  • the tunnel dust collecting system as shown in Fig. 1 (A), six dust collectors 3A through 3F are provided in the dust collecting chamber 2 in such a manner that they are arranged longitudinally of the dust collecting chamber 2 and shifted from one another laterally of the dust collecting chamber (from one side wall (left side wall) of the dust collecting chamber towards the other side wall (right side wall)) in the stated order.
  • Partition boards 15 are extended between the dust collectors 3A through 3F.
  • the top dust collector 3A is connected through a partition board 16 to the one side wall of the dust collecting chamber 2, and similarly the last dust collector 3F is connected through another partition board 16 to the other side wall of the dust collecting chamber 2.
  • partition boards 15 and 16 are to separate the contaminated air to be processed by the dust collectors 3A through 3F from the air decontaminated by the latter.
  • a guide board 17 is connected between the last dust collector 3F and to the other side wall of the dust collecting chamber 2, so as to lead the contaminated air to the dust collector 3F.
  • the first dust collector 3F closest to the air sucking end 2a of the dust collecting chamber 2 is smaller in the area of projection to air stream than the others and is set in parallel with the longitudinal direction (right-to-left direction in Fig. 1 (A) of the dust collecting chamber.
  • the remaining dust collectors 3B through 3F are arranged in such a manner that they form angles (described later) with the longitudinal direction of the dust collecting chamber 2, and they are partly overlapped one another as viewed from the end of the dust collecting chamber 2.
  • the dust collectors 3B through 3E form an inclination angle ( ⁇ ) of 10°, and only last dust collector 3F 5°.
  • the partition board 15 between the first and second dust collectors 3A and 3B includes a part S which is in parallel with the central axis of the dust collecting chamber 2, so that the distance D between the first and second dust collectors 3A and 3B is longer than the distance d between the second and third dust collectors 3B and 3C, the third and fourth dust collectors 3C and 3D, and so forth.
  • the contaminated air in the tunnel is led into the dust collecting chamber through an air sucking inlet 7 at the air sucking end 2a.
  • the contaminated air thus led is distributed uniformly to the dust collectors 3 as indicated by the solid line arrows, where it is decontaminated.
  • the decontaminated air outputted by the dust collectors 3 is supplied into the driveway space la by the air blowers 4 as indicated by the broken line arrows.
  • the effective air flow area is the sum of the areas of the air inlets of the dust collectors 3, and it is larger about 20% than that in the conventional dust collecting system, because the dust collectors 3 are arranged as if overlapped as was described before; that is, the flow rate of air processed per station is increased as much. Furthermore, since the second to last dust collectors 3B through 3F are so arranged as to form angles with the central axis of the dust collecting chamber as was described before, the contaminated air is distributed along the partition boards 15 substantially uniformly to the dust collectors 3B through 3F although the latter are arranged as if overlapped as viewed from the end of the dust collecting chamber.
  • the area occupied by the first dust collector 3A in the air flow path in the dust collecting chamber 2 is larger than those occupied by the other dust collectors. Therefore, if the first dust collector 3A is equal in the area of projection to air stream to the remaining dust collectors 3B through 3F, then as shown in Fig. 3 contraction flows occur, as a result of which the air stream leaves the partition board 15 to flow over the second dust collector 3B to the third dust collector 3C.
  • This difficulty is eliminated as follows: A relatively small dust collector is employed as the first dust collector 3A to suppress the possibility of occurrence of contraction flows.
  • the distance D is increased so that the air stream flows to the second dust collector 3B. It has been confirmed through experiments that the distance D should be at least 1.5 times the diameter of the air stream at the air sucking end 2a of the dust collecting.
  • the distribution of air stream to the dust collectors 3 may be precisely controlled by adjusting the degrees of opening of the outlet dampers of the dust collectors 3 as described below.
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view showing the arrangement of each of the dust collectors 3.
  • the dust collector 3 comprises: inlet dampers 18; a charging section 19; a dust collecting section 20; and outlet dampers 21.
  • the particles such as dust and smoke particles in the contaminated air led into the dust collector 3 through the inlet dampers 18 are charged by the charging section 19, so that they are caught by the dust collecting section 20 to which high voltage is applied by a high voltage generator 22; that is, the air is decontaminated.
  • the air thus decontaminated is allowed to flow out of the dust collector through the outlet dampers 19.
  • compressed air is jetted to remove them therefrom.
  • the inlet dampers 18 and the outlet dampers 21 are mounted on vertical shafts 18a and 21a, respectively, and are turned to open and close the air inlet and the air outlet of the dust collector.
  • the degrees of opening of the dampers 18 and 21 are decreased, the resistance of the dust collector to the air stream is increased, so that the flow rate of air stream is decreased, and accordingly the air stream is distributed to the other dust collectors as much as the flow rate of air stream has been decreased in the above-described manner.
  • the degrees of opening of the outlet dampers 21 are so adjusted that all the dust collectors are uniform in the flow rate of air.
  • the degrees of opening of the inlet dampers 18 are decreased, then when flowing through the electrode boards in the dust collecting section 20, the decontaminated air stream may be deflected, with the result that the dust collection efficiency is lowered. Thus, it is preferable that only the outlet dampers is adjusted.
  • the air stream may be distributed uniformly to the dust collectors by providing guide vanes 26 as shown in Fig. 3.
  • guide vanes 26 it is rather difficult to design the guide vanes most suitably because the guide vanes delicately affect one another depending on the positional relationships between the dust collectors 3.
  • the provision of the guide vanes may excessively increases the loads of the air blowers 4 (Fig. 1).
  • adjustment of the flow rate of air with the outlet dampers 21 in each dust collector 3 is advantageous in that it will not affect the flow rate of air in the other dust collectors 3.
  • a plurality of dust collectors are provided in the dust collecting chamber in such a manner that they are arranged longitudinally of the dust collecting chamber and shifted from one another laterally of the dust collecting chamber (from one side wall of the dust collecting chamber towards the other side wall) as if they were overlapped when viewed from one end of the dust collecting chamber.
  • the effective air flow area is increased, so that the flow rate of air to be processed per dust collecting system can be increased without increasing its dust collector installation space.
  • the top dust collector is selected to be smaller than the remaining dust collectors, and the distance between the top and second dust collectors is made longer than those between the second and third dust collectors, between the third and fourth dust collector, and so forth, whereby the contaminated air led into the dust collecting chamber can be distributed uniformly to the dust collectors.
  • the degrees of opening of the outlet dampers at each of the dust collectors are adjusted to finely control the flow rate of air therein.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)

Claims (3)

  1. Système de collecte de poussière dans un tunnel, comportant :
    une chambre de collecte de poussière (2) formée dans l'espace supérieur d'un tunnel (1) avec une plaque de plafond (5) d'une manière telle que ladite chambre de collecte de poussière (2) a une extrémité qui sert d'extrémité d'aspiration d'air (2a) et l'autre extrémité qui sert d'extrémité d'alimentation en air (2b),
    plusieurs collecteurs de poussière électriques (3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E, 3F); et
    des ventilateurs d'air (4) dans ladite chambre de collecte de poussière au niveau de l'extrémité d'alimentation en air (2b),
    caractérisé en ce que
    ladite multiplicité de collecteurs de poussière électriques est disposée dans ladite chambre de collecte de poussière (2) d'une manière telle que lesdits collecteurs de poussière sont décalés à la fois longitudinalement et latéralement le long de ladite chambre de collecte de poussière; et en ce que
    tous lesdits collecteurs de poussière (3B, 3C, 3D, 3F) à l'exception du premier (3A) vus depuis ladite extrémité d'aspiration d'air (2a) de ladite chambre de collecte de poussière (2) sont décalés obliquement par rapport à la direction longitudinale de ladite chambre de collecte de poussière (2) comme s'ils se chevauchaient partiellement l'un l'autre vus depuis ladite extrémité d'aspiration d'air (2b).
  2. Système de collecte de poussière dans un tunnel selon la revendication 1, dans ledit premier collecteur de poussière (3A) est plus petit sur le plan de la section de projection de courant d'air que les restants, et la distance entre lesdits premier (3A) et deuxième (3B) collecteurs de poussière est plus grande que celle entre lesdits deuxième (3B) et troisième (3C) collecteurs de poussière, entre lesdits troisième (3C) et quatrième (3D) collecteurs de poussière, et ainsi de suite.
  3. Système de collecte de poussière dans un tunnel selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel chaque collecteur de poussière électrique (3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E, 3F) possède des volets de sortie (21) dont les degrés d'ouverture sont ajustés afin de commander le débit d'air.
EP90114281A 1989-07-26 1990-07-25 Système de collecteur pour la poussière dans des tunnels Expired - Lifetime EP0410428B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP95107725A EP0675263B1 (fr) 1989-07-26 1990-07-25 Système de collecteur pour la poussière dans des tunnels
EP93112603A EP0577153B1 (fr) 1989-07-26 1990-07-25 Entrèe d'air aerodynamique d'un système de ventilation d'un tunnel
EP94106613A EP0613994B1 (fr) 1989-07-26 1990-07-25 Système collecteur de la poussière dans des Tunnels

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP193523/89 1989-07-26
JP19352389 1989-07-26
JP217751/89 1989-08-24
JP217753/89 1989-08-24
JP21776089 1989-08-24
JP217760/89 1989-08-24
JP21775189 1989-08-24
JP21775389 1989-08-24

Related Child Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94106613.6 Division-Into 1990-07-25
EP93112603.1 Division-Into 1990-07-25
EP95107725.4 Division-Into 1990-07-25
EP95107725A Division EP0675263B1 (fr) 1989-07-26 1990-07-25 Système de collecteur pour la poussière dans des tunnels

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0410428A2 EP0410428A2 (fr) 1991-01-30
EP0410428A3 EP0410428A3 (en) 1991-08-28
EP0410428B1 true EP0410428B1 (fr) 1996-10-09

Family

ID=27475654

Family Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93112603A Expired - Lifetime EP0577153B1 (fr) 1989-07-26 1990-07-25 Entrèe d'air aerodynamique d'un système de ventilation d'un tunnel
EP90114281A Expired - Lifetime EP0410428B1 (fr) 1989-07-26 1990-07-25 Système de collecteur pour la poussière dans des tunnels
EP95107725A Expired - Lifetime EP0675263B1 (fr) 1989-07-26 1990-07-25 Système de collecteur pour la poussière dans des tunnels
EP94106613A Expired - Lifetime EP0613994B1 (fr) 1989-07-26 1990-07-25 Système collecteur de la poussière dans des Tunnels

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93112603A Expired - Lifetime EP0577153B1 (fr) 1989-07-26 1990-07-25 Entrèe d'air aerodynamique d'un système de ventilation d'un tunnel

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95107725A Expired - Lifetime EP0675263B1 (fr) 1989-07-26 1990-07-25 Système de collecteur pour la poussière dans des tunnels
EP94106613A Expired - Lifetime EP0613994B1 (fr) 1989-07-26 1990-07-25 Système collecteur de la poussière dans des Tunnels

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (4) EP0577153B1 (fr)
DE (4) DE69028818T2 (fr)

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EP1081331B1 (fr) * 1999-09-02 2004-08-11 Rud. Otto Meyer GmbH & Co. KG Procédé et système d'aspiration pour la ventilation, p.e. de fumée dans des tunnels
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CN102125787B (zh) * 2010-01-19 2013-04-10 哈尔滨辰能工大环保科技股份有限公司 径流式长袋低压脉冲袋式除尘器
CN101906986A (zh) * 2010-07-09 2010-12-08 胜利油田胜利动力机械集团有限公司 煤矿乏风装置进、排气气流分配方法
CN102080558B (zh) * 2010-11-08 2013-01-02 上海市城市建设设计研究院 一种道路隧道无排风井净化排风的方法
CN104071241B (zh) * 2014-05-27 2016-06-29 浙江大学 一种公路隧道空气除尘车及其除尘方法
CN104475252B (zh) * 2014-12-04 2018-03-02 佛山市科蓝环保科技股份有限公司 一种隧道空气净化设备
CN104948216B (zh) * 2015-06-04 2017-06-16 浙江海洋学院 一种隧道用排水排风两用格栅
CN106761890B (zh) * 2017-01-11 2018-11-20 中国矿业大学 一种隧道施工除尘除烟辅助通风装置
JP7276857B2 (ja) * 2017-05-04 2023-05-18 モーゼン リミテッド 最適化されたトンネル換気デバイス
CN108979697B (zh) * 2018-08-09 2019-10-25 湖南科技大学 隧道开式循环通风的送风竖井新风风量折减系数计算方法
CN110159336A (zh) * 2019-05-22 2019-08-23 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 一种适用于除尘器的除杂装置
CN111520179B (zh) * 2020-05-19 2021-11-16 安徽宝龙电器有限公司 一种矿用本质安全性烟雾控制装置
CN116025406B (zh) * 2023-02-21 2024-01-02 中南大学 一种隧道除尘***及其除尘方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69028818D1 (de) 1996-11-14
EP0675263B1 (fr) 1999-12-01
DE69031600T2 (de) 1998-02-12
EP0613994A1 (fr) 1994-09-07
DE69033378T2 (de) 2000-04-06
EP0410428A2 (fr) 1991-01-30
DE69029277T2 (de) 1997-03-27
DE69028818T2 (de) 1997-02-13
DE69031600D1 (de) 1997-11-20
DE69033378D1 (de) 2000-01-05
EP0613994B1 (fr) 1997-10-15
EP0577153A1 (fr) 1994-01-05
DE69029277D1 (de) 1997-01-09
EP0410428A3 (en) 1991-08-28
EP0675263A1 (fr) 1995-10-04
EP0577153B1 (fr) 1996-11-27

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