EP0394378B1 - Parking system and process for automatic parking of vehicles - Google Patents

Parking system and process for automatic parking of vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0394378B1
EP0394378B1 EP89906754A EP89906754A EP0394378B1 EP 0394378 B1 EP0394378 B1 EP 0394378B1 EP 89906754 A EP89906754 A EP 89906754A EP 89906754 A EP89906754 A EP 89906754A EP 0394378 B1 EP0394378 B1 EP 0394378B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
parking
pallets
row
rollers
exit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP89906754A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0394378A1 (en
Inventor
Hans Hammer
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19883819710 external-priority patent/DE3819710A1/en
Priority claimed from DE19883823728 external-priority patent/DE3823728A1/en
Priority claimed from DE19883833083 external-priority patent/DE3833083A1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0394378A1 publication Critical patent/EP0394378A1/en
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Publication of EP0394378B1 publication Critical patent/EP0394378B1/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04HBUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H6/00Buildings for parking cars, rolling-stock, aircraft, vessels or like vehicles, e.g. garages
    • E04H6/08Garages for many vehicles
    • E04H6/12Garages for many vehicles with mechanical means for shifting or lifting vehicles
    • E04H6/18Garages for many vehicles with mechanical means for shifting or lifting vehicles with means for transport in vertical direction only or independently in vertical and horizontal directions
    • E04H6/22Garages for many vehicles with mechanical means for shifting or lifting vehicles with means for transport in vertical direction only or independently in vertical and horizontal directions characterised by use of movable platforms for horizontal transport, i.e. cars being permanently parked on palettes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a parking system for automatic parking of motor vehicles according to the preamble of claim 1 (DE-A-2 923 601).
  • the parking lines are arranged parallel to the entry zone and exit zone in the y direction and the parking rows are arranged perpendicularly thereto in the x direction, and the pallets are driven by computer-controlled drives in Movable from an entry line to an exit line and in at least one line in the direction transverse to the rows (DE 29 23 601 A1).
  • the motor vehicles are already moved in the entry zone and the exit zone on pallets, which in turn are transported in and out on self-propelled pallet carriers.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a parking system and a method for automatic parking of motor vehicles of the type known from DE 29 23 601 A1, the fully automatic accommodation and provision for picking up a large number of motor vehicles with minimal space and time enable in several parking levels.
  • a method for automatic parking of motor vehicles on at least two parking levels with parking lines and perpendicular parking rows in which the motor vehicles are horizontally displaced and parked on pallets, the motor vehicles being removed from an entry line and controlled by a computer in an exit line and made available for collection again are characterized according to the invention in that the motor vehicles can be transported vertically and only horizontally in the x-direction from the entry line to the exit line for accommodation in stacked parking levels in each row located in the entry line and in the exit line and that all parked motor vehicles are constantly by the shortest route, preferably always in the same orientation, ie rotation-free, in the direction of the exit line.
  • An embodiment of the method according to the invention is particularly advantageous, in which the motor vehicles are preferably parked in the same row by means of a priority control and transported in the direction of the exit line in which they are retracted.
  • a development of the method according to the invention which is also important in itself is that the computer can automatically initiate the transport of the parked motor vehicle into the exit line at a predetermined time, in particular at a time desired by a user and at the beginning of the parking time via a timer in the Calculator entered time or at a time specified by the operator.
  • the parking system having at least two parking levels and the method for parking motor vehicles according to the invention, by arranging the parking system between an entry line and an exit line arranged parallel to it, a lifting device with pallet transport only in x and z-direction is arranged, and by consistently transporting the parked motor vehicles in the same row as possible from the entry line to the exit line, park and collect a large number of motor vehicles at the same time, the throughput time through the parking system and thus also the call time for providing of a parked vehicle for exiting is minimized.
  • the space requirement is minimized in that, with the exception of a few shunting spaces, at least one shunting space per row, all spaces can be arranged directly adjacent to one another in the respective parking level without any lanes, turning spaces or the like.
  • a drive field with x which can be operated independently of one another and controlled by the computer is provided at each location on the parking level - And y drives for the x and y directions is arranged in a fixed position, that the drives for horizontal displacement of the pallets selectively interact with the pallets either in the x or y direction, and that each hoist in the lowest parking level each Has x-drive field with x-drives, which can positively cooperate with the pallets to drive them exclusively in the x-direction, with the x-drives in and out of the parking levels above the pallets into and out of the lifting path for driving the pallets are provided in the x direction.
  • the pallets emptied in the exit line must be returned to the entry line in counterflow to the pallets loaded with motor vehicles. If no special precautions are taken, the empty pallets always remain in the Parking level and cannot be used as "shunting spaces", ie spaces on the parking level that are kept free of pallets.
  • empty pallets can be moved from the exit line to a return transport zone that is spatially separate from the parking level, preferably vertically by means of the hoists, and can be transported in the return transport zone in the direction of the entry line.
  • a stacker for empty pallets can advantageously be provided in the return transport zone.
  • the parking system shown in the figures has two parking levels P1, P2 arranged one above the other, the parking level P1 having an entry zone EZ and an exit zone AZ for entering and exiting motor vehicles 40.
  • Both parking levels have parking rows RA to RK and parking lines Z1 to Z12, the upper parking level P1 Z3 to Z10 parking lines and the lower parking level P2 additionally having two additional parking lines Z1, Z2 and Z11, Z12 on both sides.
  • the rows and rows are arranged perpendicular to each other like a checkerboard without any lanes in between, each row having a pallet track. At least two rows Z and one row R are provided.
  • each space in the parking system is equipped with a pallet 41, which can be transported in the longitudinal direction x of the rows, in the longitudinal direction y of the rows and in the vertical direction z by means of lifting mechanisms 20, 21.
  • the longitudinal axis of the motor vehicle is always aligned in the x direction and the transverse axis of the motor vehicle is always aligned in the y direction, so that the motor vehicle does not rotate.
  • each row seat is assigned its own lifting mechanism 20 in this entry line.
  • each row seat in the exit row Z10 is assigned its own lifting mechanism 21, which enables simultaneous exit from the parking system over all rows RA to RK.
  • all row seats can also be equipped with hoists, preferably in row Z8 and possibly also in row Z5,
  • the drives for the y-direction enable the motor vehicles 40 to be laterally displaced with the orientation of the longitudinal axis of the motor vehicle unchanged, in order thus to transport and compact the motor vehicles in the direction of or near the exit line Z10 To be accomplished. This ensures that in practice the motor vehicles 40 are constantly moved in the shortest possible way in the direction from the entry line Z3 to the exit line Z10.
  • At least one maneuvering area must be kept free of pallets for each row RA to RK.
  • An increase in the marshalling areas leads to a reduction in throughput time and on the other hand to a reduction in parking capacity. Depending on the practical requirements, a compromise must be made here.
  • the drives for the movement in the y-direction enable a transverse shift between the exit places for unfavorably parked vehicles, ie in crowded rows and far behind, when there is a strong need for exit performance.
  • the lifting mechanisms 20, 21 and the drives for the movement of the pallets 41 in the x and y directions are actuated by means of an electronic control system having a computer in such a way that a minimum throughput time is always achieved with the different occupancy of the parking spaces which is inevitable during operation.
  • the computer is programmed so that the movements of the pallets 41 in the y and z directions are minimized. A movement in this direction (s) is only triggered by the computer when one of the tracks or rows is occupied by a predetermined factor higher than another.
  • the control system is designed so that a large number of arriving vehicles can be included in the parking system at the same time. In the example shown, a total of practically sixty places can be approached at the same time if each of the thirty drive-in boxes in row Z3 still has a storage space in front of it.
  • the vehicles can be moved in the x and z directions from the drive-in spaces in the hoists 20, the preferred movement taking place in the x direction as stated.
  • the number of a total of sixty parking spaces corresponds to 11% of the total parking capacity of the parking system and is thus so high that a backlog of vehicles on public ground before the entrance to the garage can be reliably avoided.
  • These components include pallets 41 for receiving the motor vehicles 40, drive fields 50 in all parking spaces for driving the pallets 41 and lifting mechanisms 20, 21.
  • a pallet 41 is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 individually and in connection with the other components in FIG. 3. In Fig. 2, the pallets 41 are omitted so that the drive fields 50 are immediately visible.
  • the pallets 41 which are almost flat on their upper side 44, have guideways 45, 46 which intersect at right angles on their undersides, on which x-rollers or y-rollers guided through the preferably bevelled side walls 47 can roll, which are mounted in the drive field 50 (FIG. 6) and are at least partially driven.
  • Each drive field 50 is a flat, rust-like structure 53, which can also use parts of the building structure and has recesses 54 (FIG. 9) for receiving rectangular frames 55 in the x and y directions.
  • the frames 54 each store groups of four x-rollers 51 and y-rollers 52, which are also of identical design.
  • Each frame 55 is supported on the rust-like structure 53 by means of lifting devices in the form of hydraulic cylinders 56 and can be actuated directly or indirectly, for example via parallelogram rods (not shown), in such a way that the rollers are either completely recessed into the recess 54 or in the raised operating position via the upper side 57 of the rust-like structure 53 protrude (as shown in Fig. 9).
  • the hydraulic cylinders 56 can be actuated either for the frames with the x-rollers 51 or for the frames with the y-rollers, so that the pallets located above the respective drive field 50 are driven either in the x or y direction. However, all of the cylinders 56 can also be actuated in order to allow all of the rollers 51, 52 to protrude above the upper side 57 of the rust-like structure 53 and thereby to lock the pallet 41 located above them. Three hydraulic cylinders are shown for each frame. However, a single cylinder can also be sufficient, which then lifts the rollers via a parallelogram linkage of a conventional type (not shown).
  • each frame has an electric motor, for example an asynchronous motor 58, which drives all the rollers via a chain or toothed belt 59, 59 '. While a drive by means of a single toothed belt would also be conceivable, a roller set is driven by the toothed belt 59 according to FIG. 10, while another roller set (with partially identical rollers) is driven from the other roller side by means of the toothed belt 59 'shown in FIG. 9 is. If one of the two toothed belts 59, 59 'breaks, two or three of the total of four rollers are still driven from the other side via the remaining toothed belt.
  • the hydraulic cylinders 56 are actuated and not shown, known three-way valves and are preferably biased in their extended position by means of springs or the like (not shown), so that when the hydraulic pressure fails, the pallets 41 are locked by the all raised rollers 51, 52. This position corresponds to the normal rest position of the pallets on the drive fields (parking). In this pushed-out state, the frames 55 are supported and thus held in a fixed position by adjusting tubes 60 only shown in FIG. 9, which are attached to the upper inner edges of the recesses 54 of the drive fields.
  • Each hydraulic cylinder 56 can act on the associated frame 55 via a spherical bearing, as indicated at 56 'in FIG. 9, which enables further adjustment.
  • the electric motors 58 like the hydraulic cylinders 56, can be operated in a controlled manner by the computer and are supported by springs 58 'on the frame 55 in order to generate the required pretensioning of the toothed belts 59, 59'.
  • a sensor 98.99 is shown, which, in conjunction with the computer, detects a disorientation of a pallet 41 on the drive field and ensures a corresponding correction movement in the x and / or y direction, so that correct positioning of the pallets on the drive fields is always guaranteed (Fig. 6).
  • the rust-like structure 53 has on its underside at the four corners recesses 62 with which it is supported on support brackets 63 on pillars 64 in both parking levels.
  • the drive fields 50 are shown in FIG. 3 without the rust-like structure 53, so that the x and y frames can be seen in each drive field 50.
  • the columns 64 are arranged in a grid over the parking system (see also FIGS. 1 and 2), namely four columns 64 at each corner of a drive field 50.
  • the columns 64 above the parking consoles 63 are penetrated by slots 65, through which supply rails 66 can be pushed, which contain power supply lines for electricity and hydraulic fluid and the control lines to the computer.
  • the supply rails 66 extend in sections in the y direction each over half of two adjacent drive fields 50 and are coupled there at 67, for example by plug connections or the like, to adjacent supply lines.
  • arms 68 with y-rollers 69 are provided on the support brackets 63, which can interact with the y-guideways 46 of the pallets 41, so that the pallets 41 are also guided in the regions between two drive fields 50.
  • x-rollers can also provide guidance in the x-direction between two drive fields 50.
  • reinforcement bridges 70 running in the y direction and 71 in the x direction can be seen between the support brackets 63.
  • guide brackets or rollers which are provided on the columns 64 at the level of the pallets 41 for guiding the pallets in the x-direction and y-direction.
  • vertical disks not shown, can be arranged in the x direction between the columns 64.
  • parking spaces located between panes can be "bypassed" by the vehicle flow without any problems, although spaces with drive fields for recording are also limited by such panes in the x and / or y direction can be occupied by pallets.
  • the supply rails 66 running in the y direction can be connected to a ring rail (not shown) at the edge of the building in order to form a composite network.
  • a drive field 80 is arranged on the bottom of each lifting mechanism 20, 21, which represents a simplified embodiment of the drive field 50 in that the y-rollers 52 and the lifting devices 56 are omitted in the drive field 80.
  • the rollers 81 always protrude above the upper side 87 of the supporting structures 83 and are therefore always in the ready position for the pallet transport. All of this only applies to the lowest level, ie to the parking level P2 according to FIG. 1.
  • vertical lifting spindles 90 are provided which can be driven in rotation by electric motors, not shown.
  • Each lifting spindle works with a nut 91 which carries crank pin 92.
  • the crank pins can carry a lifting plate, as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15.
  • depressions 88 are provided for the completely recessed reception of the crank pin 92 with the lifting plate, so that the pallets 41 can move over the lifting plates 92 without lifting operation when the pallets 41 are driven.
  • the pallet 41 is driven by swivel castors 96 which can be swung out laterally on triangular rods 95 under the guideways 45.
  • the position of the swivel rollers 96 pivoted into the lateral rest position is shown in solid lines in FIG. 12 and in dashed lines in FIGS. 16 and 17, while the operating position is shown in solid lines there. It can be seen that the swivel rollers 96 are arranged and dimensioned to match the guide tracks 45 on the underside of the pallets 41. In this case, the swivel roller drive provided for this purpose is not shown.
  • a linkage (not shown) arranged laterally on the lifting mechanism can be used to pivot the swivel rollers 96 into their operating position.
  • electromagnets or mechanical locking devices 93 are installed, in the entry zone on the front of the motor vehicle and in the exit zone on the rear
  • the user receives a parking ticket at a machine installed in the driveway.
  • the user who has entered the entry zone enters a free entry box in row Z3 of the RA-RK series.
  • An automatic centering control can visually indicate to the user whether he has placed his vehicle sufficiently centrally on the pallet 41. Then the user leaves the vehicle, locks it and goes in front of the drive-in box to another automatic machine 42, which provides his parking ticket with a magnetic identification relating to the number of the pallet 41 he is using.
  • Each automat 42 can have an input device for a timer (timer), by means of which the user can enter the desired pick-up time. This pick-up time is marked on the parking ticket and saved in the computer.
  • the timer (timer) belonging to the electronic control system and preprogrammed by the user in this way causes the computer to automatically activate the hoists and drives so that the parked motor vehicle is brought near the exit line Z10 at the preselected time.
  • the user wants to pick up his vehicle again, he uses his parking ticket to arrange for the transport of his vehicle to the appropriate machine (teleautomat) installed at a walking distance (e.g. 5 minutes), for example on a platform, in a department store, in a bank or the like Exit box of the exit line.
  • a walking distance e.g. 5 minutes
  • the user arrives there, his vehicle is ready so that there is no waiting time.
  • the waiting time can be made zero, which is a decisive advantage of the drive system according to the invention.
  • a limitation of the parking time can be programmed into the computer, e.g. up to 1/2 hour after the last S or U-Bru journey on the day in question.
  • the computer then automatically activates the lifting mechanisms and drives for moving the pallets 41 to provide the motor vehicle in the exit line Z10, from where it can then be towed, for example.
  • Another useful function of the computer can be that, when a row is loaded with parked motor vehicles, it can be given a predeterminable percentage above the utilization of the other rows, e.g. 20%, this row temporarily blocks the further entry of motor vehicles 40 until the remaining rows are filled accordingly in order to bring about an even distribution of the parked motor vehicles in the parking levels P1, P2.
  • the user who has noted the number of the pallet 41 he has moved to can again use his card / authorization card in the exit zone AZ insert into the automatic exit machine 43 installed there, in order to call up the parked vehicle there for transport from the parking position to the exit line Z10.
  • a light indicator or the like which is arranged above the exit boxes, informs the user when picking up where his vehicle is being extended. The number of his pallet appears on this display. This is particularly important if the vehicle is not extended in the same row as the entry line.
  • the parking system described requires a minimum of space without ramps and routes within the parking system and completely without turntables. Only entry zone EZ and exit zone AZ are entered. This ensures a strict separation of vehicle and pedestrian traffic, which increases the security of both pedestrians and vehicles (theft practically impossible). The stay of people in the parking system is avoided. Environmental pollution caused by running engines in the parking system is also avoided, because the engines of the motor vehicles are switched off as soon as they enter the entry line Z3 and are only started again when they exit the exit line Z10.
  • the motor vehicle flow is preferably controlled in the x-direction, ie in the direction of the parking rows, as short as possible from the entrance to the exit. Only those on the pallet movement are used Drive fields 50 directly involved, if possible only two adjacent drive fields, activated.
  • the electronic control also enables drive fields, which are partially delimited by panes, to be "bypassed", which allows the construction to be braced according to the structural requirements, i.e. to be supported with washers where the loads on the structure so require.
  • the effort for escape routes, ventilation and ventilation and safety and monitoring devices is minimal with regard to the structural regulations, because people are not in the parking system itself.
  • a return transport zone 100 for empty pallets 41a is provided directly below the upper parking level P1.
  • the pallets are left empty after the extension of a motor vehicle 40a in the space in row Z10, the exit box, in the parking level P1.
  • This empty state is shown in broken lines in FIG. 18 and in FIG. 19 and is designated by 41.
  • the pallets are lowered into the return transport zone 100 in the direction of arrow 101 in a manner still to be described with reference to FIG. 19 and are transported back in the lowered position in the return transport zone 100 in the direction of arrow 102 to the entry line Z3.
  • the pallets in FIGS. 18 and 19 are designated by the reference number 41a.
  • the pallets are then raised again in the direction of arrow 103 to the level of the parking level.
  • the pallet is again shown in dashed lines in FIG. 18 and identified by the reference symbol 41b.
  • the pallet 41b is now ready to receive a new motor vehicle 40b, which is shown in the waiting position in front of the entry line Z3.
  • FIG. 19 shows a design proposal for the transfer of the pallets 41 from the exit line Z10 into the return transport zone 100.
  • the lifting mechanism 21 is used for this purpose, which in this case has vertical threaded spindles 104, on which nuts can be moved up and down by rotating the threaded spindles, on which horizontal rollers 105 are rotatably mounted.
  • the rollers 105 which can be driven at least in part, serve to drive the pallets 41 in the x-direction in the parking plane P1 and in the opposite direction in the return transport zone 100 (arrow 102).
  • the hoists which are required anyway for the transport of the pallets 41 in the z-direction between the two parking levels P1 and P2, thus additionally serve to transfer the pallets into the position 41a in the return transport zone 100 in the empty state.
  • the control system can be designed in such a way that whenever a vehicle leaves the exit line Z10 and thus leaves an empty pallet 41, the transfer of the empty pallet to the return transport zone 100 is triggered automatically, while when in the exit line Z10 a loaded pallet 41 is to be transferred from the parking level P1 to the parking level P2 or vice versa, the return transport zone is passed vertically by the hoist without stopping.
  • the return transport zone is also arranged above the parking level P1 in an area outside the parking system.
  • FIG. 18 shows in the parking line Z4 a pallet stacker 110 by means of which pallets designated by the reference number 41b can be stacked one above the other using the height of the return transport zone 100 until they are called up.
  • rollers 106 are used to transport the pallets between the rows Z9 and Z4 in the return transport zone 100, which are also at least partially drivable.
  • the pallets 41a could also be transported in this area between the lines Z9 and Z4 by means of a conveyor belt or the like.
  • this conveyor belt must not extend into rows Z3 or Z10 because it would prevent the lifting movement between the parking levels P1 and P2

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Abstract

A parking system for automatic parking of vehicles comprises at least two superimposed parking levels (P1, P2) which can be serviced by hoisting gears (20-23). Each parking level has parking lines (Z1-Z12) and parking rows (RA-RK) perpendicular thereto in which horizontal displacement of the motor vehicles (40) onto pallets (41) is computer controlled. The parking lines (Z1-Z12) are parallel in the x-direction and the parking rows (RA-RK) perpendicular in the y-direction to the entry region (EZ) and to an exit region (AZ). A hoisting gear (20, 21) for each parking row (RA-RK) is provided in the entry line (Z3) and in the exit line (Z10). The pallets of all rows can be moved in the parking level (P1) containing the entry region (EZ) and the exit region (AZ) in the direction (x) of all rows and in at least one line (Z9) in the direction (y) perpendicular thereto.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Parksystem zum automatischen Parken von Kraftfahrzeugen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 (DE-A-2 923 601).The invention relates to a parking system for automatic parking of motor vehicles according to the preamble of claim 1 (DE-A-2 923 601).

Mit zunehmender Dichte des Straßenverkehrs wächst die Notwendigkeit, ausreichend Parkraum zur Verfügung zu stellen, insbesondere an verkehrsreichen Stellen wie innerstädtischen Ballungszentren (Kaufhäuser, Banken, Verwaltungen, Kultureinrichtungen, Freitzeitanlagen, Sportstadien usw.), Flughäfen, Messeplätzen oder dgl., d.h. überall da, wo das Verkehrsaufkommen groß, verfügbarer Parkraum aber knapp und teuer ist.With increasing density of road traffic, the need to provide sufficient parking space grows, especially in busy locations such as inner-city conurbations (department stores, banks, administrations, cultural institutions, leisure facilities, sports stadiums etc.), airports, exhibition centers or the like, i.e. wherever the volume of traffic is large, but available parking space is scarce and expensive.

Die bisher gebauten konventionellen Parkhäuser mit über Fahrstraßen und Rampen individuell anzufahrenden Parkplätzen sind wegen der zahlreichen erforderlichen Fahrspuren sehr platzaufwendig und stellen ein mit zunehmender Größe steigendes Sicherheitsrisiko für den Benutzer dar.The conventional parking garages built so far, with parking spaces that can be accessed individually via driveways and ramps, are very space-consuming due to the numerous lanes required and represent an increasing security risk for the user as the size increases.

Es sind Parksysteme und Verfahren zum Parken von Kraftfahrzeugen bekannt.Parking systems and methods for parking motor vehicles are known.

Bei einem solchen bekannten, auf eine einzige Parkebene beschränkten automatischen Parksystem der eingangs beschriebenen Art sind die Parkzeilen parallel zur Einfahrzone und Ausfahrzone in y-Richtung und die Parkreihen senkrecht dazu in x-Richtung angeordnet, und die Paletten sind mittels von einem Rechner gesteuerten Antrieben in Richtung von einer Einfahrzeile zu einer Ausfahrzeile und in mindestens einer Zeile in Richtung quer zu den Reihen bewegbar (DE 29 23 601 A1). Die Kraftfahrzeuge werden dabei schon in der Einfahrzone und der Ausfahrzone auf Paletten bewegt, welche hier ihrerseits auf selbstfahrenden Palettenträgern an- und abtransportiert werden.In such a known automatic parking system of the type described at the beginning, which is limited to a single parking level, the parking lines are arranged parallel to the entry zone and exit zone in the y direction and the parking rows are arranged perpendicularly thereto in the x direction, and the pallets are driven by computer-controlled drives in Movable from an entry line to an exit line and in at least one line in the direction transverse to the rows (DE 29 23 601 A1). The motor vehicles are already moved in the entry zone and the exit zone on pallets, which in turn are transported in and out on self-propelled pallet carriers.

Es sind auch automatische Parksysteme mit übereinander angeordneten Parkebenen bekannt, die mittels Hubwerken bedienbar sind und in den einzelnen Parkebenen ein rechnergesteuertes horizontales Bewegen von Paletten in x- und y-Richtung ermöglichen (EP-A-0 232 725, US-A-2 602 556). Dabei sind im Falle der EP-A-0 232 725 um einen oder mehrere Hubwerkschächte herum jeweils mehrere Parkplätze angeordnet, die aus den Hubwerken heraus sowohl in x- als auch in y-Richtung sternförmig bedienbar sind.Automatic parking systems with stacked parking levels are also known, which can be operated by means of hoists and enable computer-controlled horizontal movement of pallets in the x and y directions in the individual parking levels (EP-A-0 232 725, US-A-2 602 556). In the case of EP-A-0 232 725, several parking spaces are arranged around one or more hoistway shafts, which can be operated in a star shape from the hoists both in the x and y direction.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Parksystem und ein Verfahren zum automatischen Parken von Kraftfahrzeugen der aus der DE 29 23 601 A1 bekannten Art zu schaffen, die ein vollautomatisches Unterbringen und Bereitstellen zum Abholen auch einer großen Zahl von Kraftfahrzeugen mit minimalem Platz- und Zeitaufwand in mehreren Parkebenen ermöglichen.The invention has for its object to provide a parking system and a method for automatic parking of motor vehicles of the type known from DE 29 23 601 A1, the fully automatic accommodation and provision for picking up a large number of motor vehicles with minimal space and time enable in several parking levels.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe sind bei einem Parksystem nach der Erfindung die Kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 vorgesehen.To achieve this object, the characterizing features of claim 1 are provided in a parking system according to the invention.

Ein Verfahren zum automatischen Parken von Kraftfahrzeugen auf mindestens zwei Parkebenen mit Parkzeilen und dazu senkrechen Parkreihen, in denen ein horizontales Verlagern und Abstellen der Kraftfahrzeuge auf Paletten erfolgt, wobei die Kraftfahrzeuge aus einer Einfahrzeile abtransportiert und gesteuert durch einen Rechner in einer Ausfahrzeile wieder zum Abholen bereitgestellt werden, zeichnet sich erfindungsgemäß dadurch aus, daß die Kraftfahrzeuge zur Unterbringung in übereinander angeordneten Parkebenen in jedem in der Einfahrzeile und in der Ausfahrzeile gelegenen Reihenplatz vertikal und nur in x-Richtung von der Einfahrzeile zur Ausfahrzeile horizontal transportiert werden können und daß sämtliche geparkten Kraftfahrzeuge ständig auf kürzestem Wege, vorzugsweise in stets gleicher Ausrichtung, d.h. drehungsfrei, in Richtung zur Ausfahrzeile bewegt werden.A method for automatic parking of motor vehicles on at least two parking levels with parking lines and perpendicular parking rows in which the motor vehicles are horizontally displaced and parked on pallets, the motor vehicles being removed from an entry line and controlled by a computer in an exit line and made available for collection again are characterized according to the invention in that the motor vehicles can be transported vertically and only horizontally in the x-direction from the entry line to the exit line for accommodation in stacked parking levels in each row located in the entry line and in the exit line and that all parked motor vehicles are constantly by the shortest route, preferably always in the same orientation, ie rotation-free, in the direction of the exit line.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist eine Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, bei welcher die Kraftfahrzeuge mittels einer Prioritätssteuerung bevorzugt in der gleichen Reihe geparkt und in Richtung zur Ausfahrzeile transportiert werden, in der sie eingefahren sind.An embodiment of the method according to the invention is particularly advantageous, in which the motor vehicles are preferably parked in the same row by means of a priority control and transported in the direction of the exit line in which they are retracted.

Eine auch für sich allein bedeutsame Weiterentwicklung des Verfahrens nach der Erfindung besteht darin, daß der Rechner selbsttätig zu einer vorgegebenen Zeit den Transport des geparkten Kraftfahrzeugs in die Ausfahrzeile veranlassen kann, insbesondere zu der von einem Benutzer gewünschten und zu Beginn der Parkzeit über einen Zeitgeber in den Rechner eingegebenen Zeit oder zu einer vom Betreiber vorgegebenen Zeit.A development of the method according to the invention which is also important in itself is that the computer can automatically initiate the transport of the parked motor vehicle into the exit line at a predetermined time, in particular at a time desired by a user and at the beginning of the parking time via a timer in the Calculator entered time or at a time specified by the operator.

Wenngleich eine Bewegung der Paletten in y-Richtung nur in einer Zeile stattfinden kann, welche dann vorzugsweise die der Ausfahrzeile benachbarte Zeile ist, ist bevorzugt, daß die Bewegung in y-Richtung ebenso wie diejenige in x-Richtung auf allen Parkplätzen, d.h. in sämtlichen Zeilen möglich ist. Dies soll allerdings nicht ausschließen, daß in einigen Feldern eine Bewegung in x- oder in y-Richtung ausgeschlossen wird. Dies kann aus der Notwendigkeit begründet sein, daß aus baustatischen Gründen Betonscheiben Zwischen einigen Antriebsfeldern vorgesehen werden müssen.Although movement of the pallets in the y direction can only take place in one line, which is then preferably the line adjacent to the exit line, it is preferred that the movement in the y direction as well as that in the x direction on all parking spaces, i.e. is possible in all lines. However, this should not rule out the possibility of movement in the x or y direction in some fields. This may be due to the necessity that concrete disks must be provided between some drive fields for structural reasons.

Bei dem mindestens zwei Parkebenen aufweisenden Parksystem und dem Verfahren zum Parken von Kraftfahrzeugen nach der Erfindung läßt sich durch die Anordnung des Parksystems zwischen einer Einfahrzeile und einer parallel dazu angeordneten Ausfahrzeile, wobei an jedem Platz dieser beiden Zeilen ein Hubwerk mit Palettentransport nur in x- und z-Richtung angeordnet ist, und durch den konsequenten Transport der abgestellten Kraftfahrzeuge möglichst in Richtung der jeweils gleichen Reihe von der Einfahrzeile zur Ausfahrzeile eine große Zahl von Kraftfahrzeugen gleichzeitig einparken und wieder abholen, wobei die Durchsatzzeit durch das Parksystem und damit auch die Abrufzeit zum Bereitstellen eines geparkten Fahrzeugs zum Ausfahren minimiert ist.In the parking system having at least two parking levels and the method for parking motor vehicles according to the invention, by arranging the parking system between an entry line and an exit line arranged parallel to it, a lifting device with pallet transport only in x and z-direction is arranged, and by consistently transporting the parked motor vehicles in the same row as possible from the entry line to the exit line, park and collect a large number of motor vehicles at the same time, the throughput time through the parking system and thus also the call time for providing of a parked vehicle for exiting is minimized.

Der Platzbedarf ist dadurch minimiert, daß bis auf wenige Rangierplätze, - mindestens ein Rangierplatz je Reihe -, alle Plätze ohne jegliche Fahrspuren, Wendeplätze oder dgl. schachbrettartig unmittelbar aneinander grenzend in der jeweiligen Parkebene angeordnet werden können.The space requirement is minimized in that, with the exception of a few shunting spaces, at least one shunting space per row, all spaces can be arranged directly adjacent to one another in the respective parking level without any lanes, turning spaces or the like.

Alternativ zu der vom Benutzer oder Betreiber "vorprogrammierten" Bereitstellung des Fahrzeuges zum Abholen zu einer vorgewählten Abholzeit ist auch denkbar, daß der Benutzer eine gewünschte Abholzeit zu einem Zeitpunkt kurz vor der Abholung an einem von der Ausfahrzone entsprechend entfernten Eingabeort eingibt und damit den rechtzeitigen Transport in die Ausfahrzeile veranlaßt. Beispielsweise kann ein solcher Eingabeort am Bahnsteig eines S- oder U-Bahnhofes, in einem Kaufhaus oder dgl., in einem Fußgängerabstand von dem Parksystem vorgesehen sein, der zeitlich zum Bereitstellen des Kraftfahrzeuges in der Ausfahrzeile ausreichend ist, zumindest jedoch die Wartezeit beim Abholen verkürzt.As an alternative to the "pre-programmed" provision of the vehicle by the user or operator Pick-up at a preselected pick-up time is also conceivable for the user to enter a desired pick-up time at a point in time shortly before the pick-up at a place of entry appropriately distant from the exit zone and thus promptly transport it to the exit line. For example, such an entry point can be provided at the platform of an S-Bahn or U-Bahn station, in a department store or the like, at a pedestrian distance from the parking system, which is sufficient in terms of time to provide the motor vehicle in the exit line, but at least shortens the waiting time when picking up .

Um in einfacher Weise den automatischen Antrieb der Paletten in dem Parksystem nach der Erfindung zu bewerkstelligen, ist gemäß Weiterbildungen der Erfindung vorgesehen, daß mit Ausnahme der Einfahrzeile und der Ausfahrzeile an jedem Platz der Parkebenen ein Antriebsfeld mit unabhängig voneinander und durch den Rechner gesteuert betätigbaren x- und y-Antrieben für die x- und die y-Richtung ortsfest angeordnet ist, daß die Antriebe zur horizontalen Verlagerung der Paletten wahlweise in x- oder y-Richtung mit den Paletten kraftschlüssig zusammenwirken, und daß jedes Hubwerk in der untersten Parkebene je ein x-Antriebsfeld mit x-Antrieben aufweist, die kraftschlüssig mit den Paletten zu deren Antrieb ausschließlich in x-Richtung zusammenwirken können, wobei in der oder den darüberliegenden Parkebenen unter die Paletten in die Hubbahn hinein und daraus heraus bewegbare x-Antriebe zum Antrieb der Paletten in x-Richtung vorgesehen sind.In order to accomplish the automatic drive of the pallets in the parking system according to the invention in a simple manner, according to further developments of the invention it is provided that, with the exception of the entry line and the exit line, a drive field with x which can be operated independently of one another and controlled by the computer is provided at each location on the parking level - And y drives for the x and y directions is arranged in a fixed position, that the drives for horizontal displacement of the pallets selectively interact with the pallets either in the x or y direction, and that each hoist in the lowest parking level each Has x-drive field with x-drives, which can positively cooperate with the pallets to drive them exclusively in the x-direction, with the x-drives in and out of the parking levels above the pallets into and out of the lifting path for driving the pallets are provided in the x direction.

Die in der Ausfahrzeile entleerten Paletten müssen im Gegenstrom zu den mit Kraftfahrzeugen beladenen Paletten wieder zu der Einfahrzeile zurückgeführt werden. Wenn keine besonderen Vorkehrungen getroffen werden, bleiben die leeren Paletten stets in der Parkebene und lassen sich nicht als "Rangierplätze", d.h. von Paletten freigehaltene Plätze in de Parkebene, nutzen.The pallets emptied in the exit line must be returned to the entry line in counterflow to the pallets loaded with motor vehicles. If no special precautions are taken, the empty pallets always remain in the Parking level and cannot be used as "shunting spaces", ie spaces on the parking level that are kept free of pallets.

Um den Palettenfluß insbesondere der leeren Paletten von der Ausfahrzeile in die Einfahrzeile zu beschleunigen und die Anzahl der Rangierplätze zu optimieren, ist gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vorgesehen, daß leere Paletten aus der Ausfahrzeile in eine räumlich von der Parkebene getrennte Rücktransportzone verlagerbar sind, vorzugsweise vertikal mittels der Hubwerke, und in der Rücktransportzone in Richtung der Einfahrzeile transportierbar sind.In order to accelerate the flow of pallets, in particular of the empty pallets, from the exit line into the entry line and to optimize the number of maneuvering places, according to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention it is provided that empty pallets can be moved from the exit line to a return transport zone that is spatially separate from the parking level, preferably vertically by means of the hoists, and can be transported in the return transport zone in the direction of the entry line.

Dabei kann vorteilhaft ein Stapler für entleerte Paletten in der Rücktransportzone vorgesehen sein.A stacker for empty pallets can advantageously be provided in the return transport zone.

Die Erfindung ist im folgenden anhand schematischer Zeichnungen an Ausführungsbeispielen mit weiteren Einzelheiten näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Vertikalschnitt durch ein Parksystem nach der Erfindung;
Fig. 2
einen Horizontalschnitt durch das Parksystem nach Fig. 1 durch die obere Parkebene P1 mit weggelassenen Paletten;
Fig. 3
eine perspektivische Teildarstellung eines Parksystems nach Fig. 1,2;
Fig. 4
einen Horizontalschnitt durch eine Säule nach der Linie IV-IV in Fig. 5;
Fig. 5
eine Teilansicht in y-Richtung einer Säule;
Fig. 6
eine Draufsicht auf ein Antriebsfeld gemäß der Erfindung, das auf jedem Parkplatz des Parksystems vorgesehen ist;
Fig. 7,8
Seiten- und Unteransicht einer Palette zur Aufnahme eines Kraftfahrzeuges, die von einem Antriebsfeld nach Fig. 6 tragbar und transportierbar ist;
Fig. 9
in größerem Maßstab einen Schnitt durch eine Anordnung durch Antrieb und Palette gemäß den Fig. 6 bis 8 in Transportposition der Palette;
Fig. 10
eine Teildraufsicht auf das Antriebsfeld nach Fig. 9 bei weggenommener Palette;
Fig. 11, 12 und 13
Front-, Seiten- und Draufsicht auf ein Hubwerk zum Transportieren der Kraftfahrzeuge von einer Parkebene in eine andere;
Fig. 14
eine teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht eines Antriebsfeldes und einer darüber angeordneten Palette im Fußteil des Hubwerkes sowie einer Hebevorrichtung für die Paletten;
Fig. 15
eine Teildraufsicht des Antriebsfeldes nach Fig. 14 mit weggelassener Palette,
Fig. 16,17
Seitenansicht und Draufsicht eines ausschwenkbaren Antriebes für die horizontale Bewegung der Paletten in Ebenen oberhalb der untersten Ebene des Hubwerks;
Fig. 18
einen Längssschnitt in Parkreihenrichtung durch ein Parksystem nach der Erfindung mit Rücktransportzone und Stapler für die Paletten, und
Fig. 19
eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Schnittes nach Fig. 18 bei der Ausfahrzeile.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to schematic drawings of exemplary embodiments. Show it:
Fig. 1
a vertical section through a parking system according to the invention;
Fig. 2
a horizontal section through the parking system of Figure 1 through the upper parking level P1 with omitted pallets.
Fig. 3
a partial perspective view of a parking system according to Fig. 1,2;
Fig. 4
a horizontal section through a column along the line IV-IV in Fig. 5;
Fig. 5
a partial view in the y direction of a column;
Fig. 6
a plan view of a drive field according to the invention, which is provided in each parking lot of the parking system;
Fig. 7.8
Side and bottom view of a pallet for receiving a motor vehicle, which can be carried and transported by a drive field according to FIG. 6;
Fig. 9
on a larger scale a section through an arrangement by drive and pallet according to Figures 6 to 8 in the transport position of the pallet.
Fig. 10
a partial plan view of the drive field of Figure 9 with the pallet removed.
11, 12 and 13
Front, side and top view of a hoist for transporting the motor vehicles from one parking level to another;
Fig. 14
a partially sectioned side view of a drive field and a pallet arranged above in the foot part of the hoist and a lifting device for the pallets;
Fig. 15
14 shows a partial top view of the drive field according to FIG. 14 with the pallet omitted,
Fig. 16.17
Side and top view of a swing-out drive for the horizontal movement of the pallets in levels above the lowest level of the hoist;
Fig. 18
a longitudinal section in the parking row direction by a parking system according to the invention with return zone and stacker for the pallets, and
Fig. 19
an enlarged view of the section of FIG. 18 in the exit line.

Das in den Figuren gezeigte Parksystem weist zwei übereinander angeordnete Parkebenen P1, P2 auf, wobei die Parkebene P1 eine Einfahrzone EZ und eine Ausfahrzone AZ zum Einfahren und Ausfahren von Kraftfahrzeugen 40 aufweist. Beide Parkebenen weisen Parkreihen RA bis RK und Parkzeilen Z1 bis Z12 auf, wobei die obere Parkebene P1 Z3 bis Z10 Parkzeilen und die untere Parkebene P2 beidseitig zusätzlich je zwei weitere Parkzeilen Z1, Z2 und Z11, Z12 aufweist.The parking system shown in the figures has two parking levels P1, P2 arranged one above the other, the parking level P1 having an entry zone EZ and an exit zone AZ for entering and exiting motor vehicles 40. Both parking levels have parking rows RA to RK and parking lines Z1 to Z12, the upper parking level P1 Z3 to Z10 parking lines and the lower parking level P2 additionally having two additional parking lines Z1, Z2 and Z11, Z12 on both sides.

Die Zeilen und Reihen sind senkrecht zueinander schachbrettartig ohne jegliche dazwischen liegende Fahrbahnen angeordnet, wobei jede Reihe eine Palettenbahn aufweist. Es sind mindestens zwei Zeilen Z und eine Reihe R vorgesehen.The rows and rows are arranged perpendicular to each other like a checkerboard without any lanes in between, each row having a pallet track. At least two rows Z and one row R are provided.

Bis auf einen geringen Prozentsatz an Rangierplätzen (z.B. 8%) ist jeder Platz im Parksystem mit einer Palette 41 bestückt, die in Längsrichtung x der Reihen, in Längsrichtung y der Zeilen und in vertikaler Richtung z mittels Hubwerken 20, 21 transportierbar sind.Except for a small percentage of shunting spaces (e.g. 8%), each space in the parking system is equipped with a pallet 41, which can be transported in the longitudinal direction x of the rows, in the longitudinal direction y of the rows and in the vertical direction z by means of lifting mechanisms 20, 21.

In dem Parksystem nach der Erfindung ist die Längsachse des Kraftfahrzeugs stets in x-Richtung und die Querachse des Kraftfahrzeugs stets in y-Richtung ausgerichtet, Eine Drehung des Kraftfahrzeuges findet also nicht statt.In the parking system according to the invention, the longitudinal axis of the motor vehicle is always aligned in the x direction and the transverse axis of the motor vehicle is always aligned in the y direction, so that the motor vehicle does not rotate.

Um ein Einfahren in das Parksystem möglichst vieler Kraftfahrzeuge gleichzeitig von der Einfahrzone EZ in die Einfahrzeile Z3 zu ermöglichen, ist in dieser Einfahrzeile jedem Reihenplatz ein eigenes Hubwerk 20 zugeordnet. In gleicher Weise ist jedem Reihenplatz in der Ausfahrzeile Z10 ein eigenes Hubwerk 21 zugeordnet, was ein gleichzeitiges Ausfahren über alle Reihen RA bis RK aus dem Parksystem ermöglicht.In order to enable as many motor vehicles as possible to enter the parking system from the entry zone EZ into the entry line Z3 at the same time, each row seat is assigned its own lifting mechanism 20 in this entry line. In the same way, each row seat in the exit row Z10 is assigned its own lifting mechanism 21, which enables simultaneous exit from the parking system over all rows RA to RK.

Zur Erhöhung der Flexibilität können zusätzlich und vorzugsweise in der Zeile Z8 und gegebenenfalls auch noch in der Zeile Z5 ebenfalls sämtliche Reihenplätze mit Hubwerken bestückt sein,To increase flexibility, all row seats can also be equipped with hoists, preferably in row Z8 and possibly also in row Z5,

Während ein Betrieb mit Parken möglichst in der gleichen Reihe R, d.h. in x-Richtung bevorzugt ist, in welche das Kraftfahrzeug eingefahren wurde, ermöglichen die Antriebe für die y-Richtung ein seitliches Versetzen der Kraftfahrzeuge 40 mit unveränderter Ausrichtung der Kraftfahrzeuglängsachse, um so einen Transport und ein Verdichten der Kraftfahrzeuge in Richtung bzw. nahe der Ausfahrzeile Z10 Zu bewerkstelligen. Hierdurch wird erreicht, daß in der Praxis die Kraftfahrzeuge 40 ständig auf kürzestem Wege in Richtung von der Einfahrzeile Z3 zur Ausfahrzeile Z10 hin bewegt werden.During operation with parking, preferably in the same row R, i.e. Is preferred in the x-direction, in which the motor vehicle was driven in, the drives for the y-direction enable the motor vehicles 40 to be laterally displaced with the orientation of the longitudinal axis of the motor vehicle unchanged, in order thus to transport and compact the motor vehicles in the direction of or near the exit line Z10 To be accomplished. This ensures that in practice the motor vehicles 40 are constantly moved in the shortest possible way in the direction from the entry line Z3 to the exit line Z10.

Je Reihe RA bis RK ist zur Aufrechterhaltung der Funktion des Parksystems mindestens ein Rangierplatz von Paletten freizuhalten. Eine Erhöhung der Rangierplätze führt Zur Verminderung der Durchsatzzeit, andererseits zur Verringerung der Parkkapazität. Je nach den praktischen Erfordernissen ist hier also ein Kompromiß zu schließen.To maintain the functioning of the parking system, at least one maneuvering area must be kept free of pallets for each row RA to RK. An increase in the marshalling areas leads to a reduction in throughput time and on the other hand to a reduction in parking capacity. Depending on the practical requirements, a compromise must be made here.

Die Antriebe für die Bewegung in y-Richtung ermöglichen bei starkem Bedarf an Ausfahrleistung eine Querverschiebung zwischen den Ausfahrplätzen für ungünstig abgestellte Fahrzeuge, d.h. in überfüllten Reihen und weit hinten.The drives for the movement in the y-direction enable a transverse shift between the exit places for unfavorably parked vehicles, ie in crowded rows and far behind, when there is a strong need for exit performance.

Die Hubwerke 20, 21 sowie die Antriebe für die Bewegung der Paletten 41 in x- und y-Richtung werden mittels einer einen Rechner aufweisenden elektronischen Steueranlage so betätigt, daß immer eine minimale Durchsatzzeit bei der im Betrieb unvermeidlichen Unterschiedlichen Belegung der Parkplätze erzielt wird. Zur Sicherstellung einer minimalen Abholzeit ist der Rechner dazu so prgrammiert, daß die Bewegungen der Paletten 41 in y- und z-Richtung minimiert werden. Eine Bewegung in diese Richtung(en) wird erst dann vom Rechner ausgelöst, wenn eine der Bahnen bzw. Reihen um einen vorgegebenen Faktor höher belegt ist als eine andere.The lifting mechanisms 20, 21 and the drives for the movement of the pallets 41 in the x and y directions are actuated by means of an electronic control system having a computer in such a way that a minimum throughput time is always achieved with the different occupancy of the parking spaces which is inevitable during operation. To ensure a minimum pick-up time, the computer is programmed so that the movements of the pallets 41 in the y and z directions are minimized. A movement in this direction (s) is only triggered by the computer when one of the tracks or rows is occupied by a predetermined factor higher than another.

Die Steueranlage ist so ausgelegt, daß eine große Anzahl von ankommenden Fahrzeugen gleichzeitig in das Parksystem aufgenommen werden können. Bei des gezeigten Beispiel können insgesamt praktisch sechzig Plätze gleichzeitig angefahren Verden, wenn jedem der dreißig Einfahrboxen in der Zeile Z3 je noch ein Stauraum-Platz vorgelagert ist.The control system is designed so that a large number of arriving vehicles can be included in the parking system at the same time. In the example shown, a total of practically sixty places can be approached at the same time if each of the thirty drive-in boxes in row Z3 still has a storage space in front of it.

Aus den Einfahrplätzen in den Hubwerken 20 können die Fahrzeuge je nach Belegung der angrenzenden Parkplätze in x- und z-Richtung bewegt werden, wobei wie gesagt die Präferenzbewegung in x-Richtung erfolgt.Depending on the occupancy of the adjacent parking spaces, the vehicles can be moved in the x and z directions from the drive-in spaces in the hoists 20, the preferred movement taking place in the x direction as stated.

Die Anzahl von insgesamt sechzig Einfahrplätzen entspricht bei dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel 11% der gesamten Parkkapazität des Parksystems und ist damit so hoch, daß ein Rückstau von Fahrzeugen auf öffentlichem Grund vor der Garagenauffahrt sicher vermieden werden kann.In the exemplary embodiment shown, the number of a total of sixty parking spaces corresponds to 11% of the total parking capacity of the parking system and is thus so high that a backlog of vehicles on public ground before the entrance to the garage can be reliably avoided.

Im folgenden seien zunächst die einzelnen Komponenten des in den Figuren gezeigten Antriebssystems beschrieben. Diese Komponenten umfassen Paletten 41 zur Aufnahme der Kraftfahrzeuge 40, Antriebsfelder 50 auf allen Parkplätzen zum Antrieb der Paletten 41 und Hubwerke 20, 21.The individual components of the drive system shown in the figures are first described below. These components include pallets 41 for receiving the motor vehicles 40, drive fields 50 in all parking spaces for driving the pallets 41 and lifting mechanisms 20, 21.

Eine Palette 41 ist in Fig. 7 und Fig. 8 einzeln und in Verbindung mit den übrigen Bestandteilen in Fig. 3 dargestellt. In Fig. 2 sind die Paletten 41 weggelassen, so daß unmittelbar die Antriebsfelder 50 sichtbar werden.A pallet 41 is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 individually and in connection with the other components in FIG. 3. In Fig. 2, the pallets 41 are omitted so that the drive fields 50 are immediately visible.

Gemäß den Fig. 7 und 8 haben die auf ihrer Oberseite 44 nahezu ebenen Paletten 41 auf ihren Unterseiten im rechten Winkel sich kreuzende Führungsbahnen 45,46, auf denen durch die vorzugsweise abgeschrägten Seitenwände 47 geführte x-Rollen bzw. y-Rollen abwälzen können, die im Antriebsfeld 50 (Fig. 6) gelagert und mindestens teilweise angetrieben sind.7 and 8, the pallets 41, which are almost flat on their upper side 44, have guideways 45, 46 which intersect at right angles on their undersides, on which x-rollers or y-rollers guided through the preferably bevelled side walls 47 can roll, which are mounted in the drive field 50 (FIG. 6) and are at least partially driven.

Jedes Antriebsfeld 50 ist ein flaches, rostartiges Tragwerk 53, das auch Teile der Baukonstruktion verwenden kann und Ausnehmungen 54 (Fig. 9) zur Aufnahme von rechteckigen Rahmen 55 in x- und y-Richtung aufweist. Die Rahmen 54 lagern jeweils Gruppen von je vier x-Rollen 51 bzw. y-Rollen 52, die ebenfalls gleich ausgebildet sind.Each drive field 50 is a flat, rust-like structure 53, which can also use parts of the building structure and has recesses 54 (FIG. 9) for receiving rectangular frames 55 in the x and y directions. The frames 54 each store groups of four x-rollers 51 and y-rollers 52, which are also of identical design.

Jeder Rahmen 55 ist über Hubvorrichtungen in Form von hydraulischen Zylindern 56 am rostartigen Tragwerk 53 abgestützt und direkt oder indirekt, z.B. über nicht gezeigte Parallelogrammgestänge, derart betätigbar, daß die Rollen entweder ganz in die Ausnehmung 54 versenkt sind oder in angehobener Betriebsstellung über die Oberseite 57 des rostartigen Tragwerks 53 vorstehen (so in Fig. 9 dargestellt).Each frame 55 is supported on the rust-like structure 53 by means of lifting devices in the form of hydraulic cylinders 56 and can be actuated directly or indirectly, for example via parallelogram rods (not shown), in such a way that the rollers are either completely recessed into the recess 54 or in the raised operating position via the upper side 57 of the rust-like structure 53 protrude (as shown in Fig. 9).

Die hydraulischen Zylinder 56 sind entweder für die Rahmen mit den x-Rollen 51 oder für die Rahmen mit den y-Rollen betätigbar, so daß die über dem jeweiligen Antriebsfeld 50 liegenden Paletten wahlweise in x- oder y-Richtung angetrieben werden. Jedoch können auch sämtliche Zylinder 56 betätigt werden, um sämtliche Rollen 51,52 über die Oberseite 57 des rostartigen Tragwerks 53 vorstehen zu lassen und dadurch die darüber befindliche Palette 41 zu arretieren. Gezeigt sind für jeden Rahmen drei hydraulische Zylinder. Es kann jedoch auch ein einziger Zylinder ausreichen, der dann über ein Parallelogrammgestänge üblicher Bauart (nicht gezeigt) die Rollen anhebt.The hydraulic cylinders 56 can be actuated either for the frames with the x-rollers 51 or for the frames with the y-rollers, so that the pallets located above the respective drive field 50 are driven either in the x or y direction. However, all of the cylinders 56 can also be actuated in order to allow all of the rollers 51, 52 to protrude above the upper side 57 of the rust-like structure 53 and thereby to lock the pallet 41 located above them. Three hydraulic cylinders are shown for each frame. However, a single cylinder can also be sufficient, which then lifts the rollers via a parallelogram linkage of a conventional type (not shown).

In den Fig. 9 und 10 ist in vergrößertem Maßstab lediglich ein Rahmen 55 mit y-Rollen 52 dargestellt, welche mit den y-Führungsbahnen 46 der Paletten 41 zusammenwirken. Jedoch sind Anordnung und Aufbau für die Rahmen 55 mit den x-Rollen 51 auch hinsichtlich des im folgenden beschriebenen Antriebes der Rollen identisch. Zu jedem Rahmen gehört ein Elektromotor, beispielsweise ein Asynchronmotor 58, der sämtliche Rollen über Kette oder Zahnriemen 59,59' antreibt. Während auch ein Antrieb mittels eines einzigen Zahnriemens denkbar wäre, ist gemäß Fig. 10 ein Rollensatz durch den Zahnriemen 59 getrieben, während eine anderer Rollensatz (mit teilweise gleichen Rollen) von der anderen Rollenseite her mittels des in Fig. 9 gestrichelten Zahnriemens 59' getrieben ist. Reißt einer der beiden Zahnriemen 59,59', werden immer noch über den verbleibenden Zahnriemen zwei oder drei von den insgesamt vier Rollen von der anderen Seite her angetrieben.9 and 10, only a frame 55 with y-rollers 52 is shown on an enlarged scale, which cooperate with the y-guideways 46 of the pallets 41. However, the arrangement and structure for the frame 55 with the x-rollers 51 are also identical with regard to the drive of the rollers described below. Each frame has an electric motor, for example an asynchronous motor 58, which drives all the rollers via a chain or toothed belt 59, 59 '. While a drive by means of a single toothed belt would also be conceivable, a roller set is driven by the toothed belt 59 according to FIG. 10, while another roller set (with partially identical rollers) is driven from the other roller side by means of the toothed belt 59 'shown in FIG. 9 is. If one of the two toothed belts 59, 59 'breaks, two or three of the total of four rollers are still driven from the other side via the remaining toothed belt.

Die hydraulischen Zylinder 56 werden über nicht gezeigte, bekannte Dreiwegeventile betätigt und sind vorzugsweise mittels Federn oder dgl. (nicht gezeigt) in ihrer ausgeschobenen Stellung vorgespannt, so daß bei Ausfallen des hydraulischen Druckes die Paletten 41 durch die sämtlich angehobenen Rollen 51, 52 arretiert sind. Diese Stellung entspricht denn auch der normalen Ruhestellung der Paletten auf den Antriebsfeldern (Parken). In diesem ausgeschobenen Zustand sind die Rahmen 55 über nur in Fig. 9 dargestellte Justierrohre 60 abgestützt und damit in fester Lage gehalten, welche an den oberen inneren Rändern der Ausnehmungen 54 der Antriebsfelder befestigt sind.The hydraulic cylinders 56 are actuated and not shown, known three-way valves and are preferably biased in their extended position by means of springs or the like (not shown), so that when the hydraulic pressure fails, the pallets 41 are locked by the all raised rollers 51, 52. This position corresponds to the normal rest position of the pallets on the drive fields (parking). In this pushed-out state, the frames 55 are supported and thus held in a fixed position by adjusting tubes 60 only shown in FIG. 9, which are attached to the upper inner edges of the recesses 54 of the drive fields.

Jeder hydraulische Zylinder 56 kann über ein sphärisches Lager, wie es bei 56' in Fig. 9 angedeutet ist, auf den zugehörigen Rahmen 55 einwirken, was eine weitere Justierung ermöglicht.Each hydraulic cylinder 56 can act on the associated frame 55 via a spherical bearing, as indicated at 56 'in FIG. 9, which enables further adjustment.

Die Elektromotoren 58 sind ebenso wie die Hydraulik Zylinder 56 durch den Rechner gesteuert betätigbar und über Federn 58' am Rahmen 55 zur Erzeugung der erforderlichen Vorspannung der Zahnriemen 59,59' abgestützt.The electric motors 58, like the hydraulic cylinders 56, can be operated in a controlled manner by the computer and are supported by springs 58 'on the frame 55 in order to generate the required pretensioning of the toothed belts 59, 59'.

Jeweils an den vier Seiten jedes rostartigen Tragwerks 53 ist ein Sensor 98,99 dargestellt, welcher im Verbund mit dem Rechner eine Desorientierung einer Palette 41 auf dem Antriebsfeld erfaßt und für eine entsprechende Korrekturbewegung in x- und/oder y-Richtung sorgt, so daß stets eine korrekte Positionierung der Paletten auf den Antriebsfeldern gewährleistet ist (Fig. 6).On each of the four sides of each rust-like structure 53, a sensor 98.99 is shown, which, in conjunction with the computer, detects a disorientation of a pallet 41 on the drive field and ensures a corresponding correction movement in the x and / or y direction, so that correct positioning of the pallets on the drive fields is always guaranteed (Fig. 6).

Das rostartige Tragwerk 53 hat an seiner Unterseite an den vier Ecken Aussparungen 62, mit denen es auf Tragkonsolen 63 an Säulen 64 in beiden Parkebenen abgestützt ist. Dabei sind in Fig. 3 die Antriebsfelder 50 ohne das rostartige Tragwerk 53 dargestellt, so daß die x- und y-Rahmen in jedem Antriebsfeld 50 zu erkennen sind.The rust-like structure 53 has on its underside at the four corners recesses 62 with which it is supported on support brackets 63 on pillars 64 in both parking levels. The drive fields 50 are shown in FIG. 3 without the rust-like structure 53, so that the x and y frames can be seen in each drive field 50.

Die Säulen 64 sind in einem Rasterfeld über das Parksystem verteilt angeordnet (s. auch Fig. 1 und 2), und zwar je vier Säulen 64 an jeder Ecke eines Antriebsfeldes 50.The columns 64 are arranged in a grid over the parking system (see also FIGS. 1 and 2), namely four columns 64 at each corner of a drive field 50.

Gemaß den Fig. 4 und 5 sind die Säulen 64 oberhalb der Parkkonsolen 63 von Schlitzen 65 durchsetzt, durch welche Versorgungsschienen 66 durchsteckbar sind, welche Energieversorgungsleitungen für Strom und Hydraulikflüssigkeit und die Steuerleitungen zum Rechner enthalten. Die Versorgungsschienen 66 erstrecken sich abschnittsweise in y-Richtung je über die Hälfte zweier benachbarter Antriebsfelder 50 und sind dort bei 67 beispielsweise durch Steckverbindungen oder dgl. mit benachbarten Versorgungsleitungen gekuppelt.4 and 5, the columns 64 above the parking consoles 63 are penetrated by slots 65, through which supply rails 66 can be pushed, which contain power supply lines for electricity and hydraulic fluid and the control lines to the computer. The supply rails 66 extend in sections in the y direction each over half of two adjacent drive fields 50 and are coupled there at 67, for example by plug connections or the like, to adjacent supply lines.

Damit die Paletten 41 auch in den Bereichen zwischen zwei Antriebsfeldern 50 geführt sind, sind gemäß Fig. 5 an den Tragkonsolen 63 Arme 68 mit y-Rollen 69 vorgesehen, welche mit den y-Führungsbahnen 46 der Paletten 41 zusammenwirken können. In ähnlicher Weise können auch nicht gezeigte x-Rollen eine Führung in x-Richtung zwischen zwei Antriebsfeldern 50 besorgen.5 so that arms 68 with y-rollers 69 are provided on the support brackets 63, which can interact with the y-guideways 46 of the pallets 41, so that the pallets 41 are also guided in the regions between two drive fields 50. Similarly, x-rollers, not shown, can also provide guidance in the x-direction between two drive fields 50.

In Fig. 3 erkennt man zusätzlich zu dem bisher Beschriebenen in y-Richtung verlaufende Aussteifungsbrücken 70 in y-Richtung und 71 in x-Richtung zwischen den Tragkonsolen 63.In FIG. 3, in addition to what has been described so far, reinforcement bridges 70 running in the y direction and 71 in the x direction can be seen between the support brackets 63.

Nicht gezeichnet sind Leitbügel oder Rollen, die an den Säulen 64 in Höhe der Paletten 41 zur Leitung der Paletten in x-Richtung und y-Richtung vorgesehen sind. Wo statisch erforderlich, können nicht dargestellte vertikale Scheiben in x-Richtung zwischen den Säulen 64 angeordnet sein. Bei dem Antriebssystem nach der Erfindung lassen sich dank der beschriebenen Anordnung und Rechnersteuerung der Antriebe solche zwischen Scheiben gelegene Parkplätze ohne weiteres vom Fahrzeugfluß "umfahren", wobei gleichwohl auch von solchen Scheiben in x- und/oder y-Richtung begrenzte Plätze mit Antriebsfeldern zur Aufnahme von Paletten belegt sein können.Not shown are guide brackets or rollers which are provided on the columns 64 at the level of the pallets 41 for guiding the pallets in the x-direction and y-direction. Where statically required, vertical disks, not shown, can be arranged in the x direction between the columns 64. In the drive system according to the invention, thanks to the described arrangement and computer control of the drives, such parking spaces located between panes can be "bypassed" by the vehicle flow without any problems, although spaces with drive fields for recording are also limited by such panes in the x and / or y direction can be occupied by pallets.

Die in y-Richtung verlaufenden Versorgungsschienen 66 können am Rand des Bauwerks mit einer Ringschiene (nicht gezeigt) verbunden sein, um ein Verbund-Netzwerk zu bilden.The supply rails 66 running in the y direction can be connected to a ring rail (not shown) at the edge of the building in order to form a composite network.

Anhand der Fig. 11 bis 17 sei nun die Ausgestaltung der Hubwerke 20, 21 näher erläutert.The design of the lifting mechanisms 20, 21 will now be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 11 to 17.

Am Boden jedes Hubwerkes 20, 21 ist ein Antriebsfeld 80 angeordnet, das insofern eine vereinfachte Ausführung des Antriebsfeldes 50 darstellt, als beim Antriebsfeld 80 die y-Rollen 52 und die Hubvorrichtungen 56 entfallen. Es verbleiben rostartige Tragwerke 83 mit Ausnehmungen 84 zur Aufnahme von Rahmen 85 für x-Rollen 81, so daß ein Antrieb von in Hubwerke 20 oder 21 eingefahrene Paletten 41 in x-Richtung stets sichergestellt ist. Die Rollen 81 ragen dabei stets über die Oberseite 87 der Tragwerke 83 vor, sind also stets in Bereitschaftsstellung für den Palettentransport. Dies alles gilt lediglich für die unterste Ebene, d.h. für die Parkebene P2 gemäß Fig. 1.A drive field 80 is arranged on the bottom of each lifting mechanism 20, 21, which represents a simplified embodiment of the drive field 50 in that the y-rollers 52 and the lifting devices 56 are omitted in the drive field 80. There remain rust-like supporting structures 83 with recesses 84 for receiving frames 85 for x-rollers 81, so that a drive of pallets 41 retracted into lifting mechanisms 20 or 21 is always ensured in the x-direction. The rollers 81 always protrude above the upper side 87 of the supporting structures 83 and are therefore always in the ready position for the pallet transport. All of this only applies to the lowest level, ie to the parking level P2 according to FIG. 1.

Damit ein Kraftfahrzeug 40 in die darüberliegende Parkebene P1 verfahren werden kann, sind vertikale Hubspindeln 90 vorgesehen, die von nicht gezeigten Elektromotoren drehantreibbar sind. Jede Hubspindel arbeitet mit einer Mutter 91 zusammen, welche Hubzapfen 92 trägt. Die Hubzapfen können eine Hubplatte tragen, wie dies in Fig. 14 und 15 dargestellt ist. Im Behälter 83 sind Vertiefungen 88 zur völlig versenkten Aufnahme der Hubzapfen 92 mit Hubplatte vorgesehen, so daß bei x-Antrieb der Paletten 41 ohne Hubbetrieb die Paletten über die Hubplatten 92 hinwegfahren können.So that a motor vehicle 40 can be moved into the parking level P1 above, vertical lifting spindles 90 are provided which can be driven in rotation by electric motors, not shown. Each lifting spindle works with a nut 91 which carries crank pin 92. The crank pins can carry a lifting plate, as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15. In the container 83, depressions 88 are provided for the completely recessed reception of the crank pin 92 with the lifting plate, so that the pallets 41 can move over the lifting plates 92 without lifting operation when the pallets 41 are driven.

In der Stellung nach Fig. 11 wird die Palette 41 von seitlich an Dreiecksgestängen 95 unter die Führungsbahnen 45 ausschwenkbaren Schwenkrollen 96 angetrieben. Die in die seitliche Ruhelage geschwenkte Position der Schwenkrollen 96 ist in der Fig. 12 durchgezogenund gestrichelt in den Fig. 16 und 17 dargestellt, während die Betriebslage dort durchgezogen dargestellt ist. Es ist erkennbar, daß die Schwenkrollen 96 passend zu den Führungsbahnen 45 auf der Unterseite der Paletten 41 angeordnet und bemessen sind. Nicht dargestellt ist in diesem Fall der jeweils eigens vorgesehene Schwenkrollenantrieb. Dieser kann koaxial mit den Schwenkrollen 96 und ebenfalls vom Gestänge 95 getragen werden oder über ein Universalgelenk von seitlich fest angeordneten Elektromotoren her erfolgen, die wiederum nach Bedarf vom Rechner gesteuert werden. Zum Herausschwenken der Schwenkrollen 96 in ihre Betriebsposition kann ein nicht dargestelltes, seitlich am Hubwerk angeordnetes Gestänge verwendet werden.In the position according to FIG. 11, the pallet 41 is driven by swivel castors 96 which can be swung out laterally on triangular rods 95 under the guideways 45. The position of the swivel rollers 96 pivoted into the lateral rest position is shown in solid lines in FIG. 12 and in dashed lines in FIGS. 16 and 17, while the operating position is shown in solid lines there. It can be seen that the swivel rollers 96 are arranged and dimensioned to match the guide tracks 45 on the underside of the pallets 41. In this case, the swivel roller drive provided for this purpose is not shown. This can be carried coaxially with the swivel castors 96 and also by the linkage 95 or via a universal joint from laterally fixed electric motors, which in turn are controlled by the computer as required. A linkage (not shown) arranged laterally on the lifting mechanism can be used to pivot the swivel rollers 96 into their operating position.

Zur Arretierung der Paletten 41 in den Hubwerken in der oberen Parkebene P1, d.h. in der Einfahr- und Ausfahrposition sind Elektromagnete oder mechanische Arretiervorrichtungen 93 eingebaut, und zwar in der Einfahrzone auf der Frontseite des Kraftfahrzeugs und in der Ausfahrzone auf dessen RückseiteTo lock the pallets 41 in the hoists in the upper parking level P1, ie in the entry and Extension position, electromagnets or mechanical locking devices 93 are installed, in the entry zone on the front of the motor vehicle and in the exit zone on the rear

Im folgenden ist die Benutzung eines Parksystems nach der Erfindung beispielhaft beschrieben.The use of a parking system according to the invention is described below by way of example.

Der Benutzer erhält an einem in der Einfahrt aufgestellten Automaten einen Parkschein.The user receives a parking ticket at a machine installed in the driveway.

Der in die Einfahrzone eingefahrene Benutzer fährt in eine freie Einfahrbox in der Zeile Z3 der Reihen RA-RK ein.The user who has entered the entry zone enters a free entry box in row Z3 of the RA-RK series.

Eine automatische Zentrierungs-Kontrolle kann dem Benutzer optisch anzeigen, ob er sein Fahrzeug ausreichend zentrisch auf die Palette 41 gestellt hat. Dann verläßt der Benutzer das Fahrzeug, sperrt es ab und begibt sich vor der Einfahrbox zu einem anderen dort aufgestellten Automaten 42, der seinen Parkschein mit einer magnetischen Kennzeichnung betreffend die Nummer der von ihm benutzten Palette 41 versieht. Jeder Automat 42 kann eine Eingabevorrichtung für einen Zeitgeber (Timer) aufweisen, mittels welcher der Benutzer die gewünschte Abholzeit eingeben kann. Diese Abholzeit wird auf dem Parkschein markiert und im Rechner gespeichert. Der zu der elektronischen Steueranlage gehörende, vom Benutzer auf diese Weise vorprogrammierte Zeitgeber (Timer) veranlaßt den Rechner dazu, selbsttätig die Hubwerke und Antriebe so zu aktivieren, daß das geparkte Kraftfahrzeug zum vorgewählten Zeitpunkt in die Nähe der Ausfahrzeile Z10 gebracht wird.An automatic centering control can visually indicate to the user whether he has placed his vehicle sufficiently centrally on the pallet 41. Then the user leaves the vehicle, locks it and goes in front of the drive-in box to another automatic machine 42, which provides his parking ticket with a magnetic identification relating to the number of the pallet 41 he is using. Each automat 42 can have an input device for a timer (timer), by means of which the user can enter the desired pick-up time. This pick-up time is marked on the parking ticket and saved in the computer. The timer (timer) belonging to the electronic control system and preprogrammed by the user in this way causes the computer to automatically activate the hoists and drives so that the parked motor vehicle is brought near the exit line Z10 at the preselected time.

Möchte der Benutzer sein Fahrzeug wieder abholen, so veranlaßt er mittels seines Parkscheins über einen in Gehentfernung (z.B. 5 Minuten) beispielsweise an einem Bahnsteig, in einem Kaufhaus, in einer Bank oder dgl. installierten Automaten (Teleautomat) den Transport seines Fahrzeugs in die entsprechende Ausfahrbox der Ausfahrzeile. Wenn der Benutzer dort eintrifft, steht sein Fahrzeug bereit, so daß keine Wartezeit entsteht. Mit anderen Worten läßt sich die Wartezeit zu Null machen, was einen entscheidenden Vorteil des Antriebssystems nach der Erfindung darstellt.If the user wants to pick up his vehicle again, he uses his parking ticket to arrange for the transport of his vehicle to the appropriate machine (teleautomat) installed at a walking distance (e.g. 5 minutes), for example on a platform, in a department store, in a bank or the like Exit box of the exit line. When the user arrives there, his vehicle is ready so that there is no waiting time. In other words, the waiting time can be made zero, which is a decisive advantage of the drive system according to the invention.

Um ein Überschreiten einer Höchstparkdauer zu vermeiden, kann in den Rechner eine Begrenzung der Parkzeit einprogrammiert sein, z.B. bis 1/2 Stunde nach letzter S- oder U-Bahnfahrt an dem betreffenden Tag. Für diesen Zeitpunkt aktiviert der Rechner dann selbsttätig die Hubwerke und Antriebe zur Bewegung der Paletten 41 zum Bereitstellen des Kraftfahrzeugs in der Ausfahrzeile Z10, von wo es dann beispielsweise abgeschleppt werden kann.To avoid exceeding a maximum parking time, a limitation of the parking time can be programmed into the computer, e.g. up to 1/2 hour after the last S or U-Bahn journey on the day in question. At this point in time, the computer then automatically activates the lifting mechanisms and drives for moving the pallets 41 to provide the motor vehicle in the exit line Z10, from where it can then be towed, for example.

Eine weitere nützliche Funktion des Rechners kann darin bestehen, daß er bei Auslastung einer Reihe mit parkenden Kraftfahrzeugen mit einem vorgebbaren Prozentsatz oberhalb der Auslastung der übrigen Reihen, z.B. 20%, diese Reihe vorübergehend für die weitere Einfahrt von Kraftfahrzeugen 40 sperrt, bis die verbleibenden Reihen entsprechend aufgefüllt sind, um eine gleichmäßige Verteilung der parkenden Kraftfahrzeuge in den Parkebenen P1, P2 zu bewirken.Another useful function of the computer can be that, when a row is loaded with parked motor vehicles, it can be given a predeterminable percentage above the utilization of the other rows, e.g. 20%, this row temporarily blocks the further entry of motor vehicles 40 until the remaining rows are filled accordingly in order to bring about an even distribution of the parked motor vehicles in the parking levels P1, P2.

Der Benutzer, der sich die Nummer der von ihm angefahrenen Palette 41 gemerkt hat, kann in der Ausfahrzone AZ erneut seine Karte/seinen Berechtigungsausweis in dort aufgestellte Ausfahr-Automaten 43 stecken, um dort das geparkte Fahrzeug zum Transport aus der Parkposition in die Ausfahrzeile Z10 direkt abzurufen. Über eine Leuchtanzeige oder dgl., die über den Ausfahrboxen angeordnet ist, wird der Benutzer beim Abholen informiert, wo sein Fahrzeug ausgefahren wird. Es erscheint die Nummer seiner Palette auf dieser Anzeige. Dies ist besonders wichtig, wenn das Fahrzeug nicht in der gleichen Reihe wie der Einfahrzeile ausgefahren wird.The user who has noted the number of the pallet 41 he has moved to can again use his card / authorization card in the exit zone AZ insert into the automatic exit machine 43 installed there, in order to call up the parked vehicle there for transport from the parking position to the exit line Z10. A light indicator or the like, which is arranged above the exit boxes, informs the user when picking up where his vehicle is being extended. The number of his pallet appears on this display. This is particularly important if the vehicle is not extended in the same row as the entry line.

Das beschriebene Parksystem kommt mit einem Minimum an Raumbedarf ohne Rampen und Fahrstraßen innerhalb des Parksystems sowie völlig ohne Drehscheiben aus. Befahren werden lediglich die Einfahrzone EZ und die Ausfahrzone AZ. Dadurch ist eine strikte Trennung von Fahrzeug- und Fußgängerverkehr erreicht, was die Sicherheit sowohl der Fußgänger als auch der Fahrzeuge (Diebstahl praktisch ausgeschlossen) erhöht. Der Aufenthalt von Menschen in dem Parksystem ist vermieden. Eine Umweltbelastung durch laufende Motoren im Parksystem ist ebenfalls vermieden, weil die Motoren der Kraftfahrzeuge schon beim Einfahren in die Einfahrzeile Z3 abgestellt und erst wieder beim Ausfahren aus der Ausfahrzeile Z10 angelassen werden.The parking system described requires a minimum of space without ramps and routes within the parking system and completely without turntables. Only entry zone EZ and exit zone AZ are entered. This ensures a strict separation of vehicle and pedestrian traffic, which increases the security of both pedestrians and vehicles (theft practically impossible). The stay of people in the parking system is avoided. Environmental pollution caused by running engines in the parking system is also avoided, because the engines of the motor vehicles are switched off as soon as they enter the entry line Z3 and are only started again when they exit the exit line Z10.

Dank des beschriebenen Antriebssystems und dessen elektronischer Steuerung mittels Rechner lassen sich minimale Durchlaufzeiten und Wartezeiten "Null" beim Abholen des Fahrzeugs erzielen. Hierzu wird der Kraftfahrzeugfluß bevorzugt in x-Richtung, d.h. in Richtung der Parkreihen, auf möglichst kurzem Wege von der Einfahrt zur Ausfahrt, gesteuert. Dabei werden stets nur die an der Palettenbewegung unmittelbar beteiligten Antriebsfelder 50, wenn möglich nur jeweils zwei benachbarte Antriebsfelder, aktiviert.Thanks to the drive system described and its electronic control by means of a computer, minimal throughput times and "zero" waiting times can be achieved when picking up the vehicle. For this purpose, the motor vehicle flow is preferably controlled in the x-direction, ie in the direction of the parking rows, as short as possible from the entrance to the exit. Only those on the pallet movement are used Drive fields 50 directly involved, if possible only two adjacent drive fields, activated.

Die elektronische Steuerung ermöglicht ferner ein "Umfahren" von durch Scheiben teilweise begrenzten Antriebsfeldern, was erlaubt, den Bau nach den statischen Erfordernissen auszusteifen, d.h. dort mit Scheiben abzustützen, wo dies die Belastungen des Bauwerks erfordern.The electronic control also enables drive fields, which are partially delimited by panes, to be "bypassed", which allows the construction to be braced according to the structural requirements, i.e. to be supported with washers where the loads on the structure so require.

Bei dem Parksystem nach der Erfindung ist hinsichtlich der bautechnischen Vorschriften der Aufwand für Fluchtwege, Be- und Entlüftung und Sicherheits- und Überwachungsvorrichtungen minimal, weil Menschen sich in dem Parksystem selbst nicht aufhalten.In the parking system according to the invention, the effort for escape routes, ventilation and ventilation and safety and monitoring devices is minimal with regard to the structural regulations, because people are not in the parking system itself.

Bei dem Parksystem nach den Figuren 18 und 19, bei dem gleiche oder funktionsgleiche Teile wie in den vorhergehenden Figuren mit gleichen Bezugszahlen bezeichnet sind, ist unmittelbar unter der oberen Parkebene P1 eine Rücktransportzone 100 für leere Paletten 41a vorgesehen. Die Paletten werden nach dem Ausfahren eines Kraftfahr- zeuges 40a in dem Platz in der Zeile Z10, der Ausfahrbox, in der Parkebene P1 leer zurückgelassen. Dieser leere Zustand ist in Figur 18 und in Figur 19 gestrichelt dargestellt und mit 41 bezeichnet. Aus diesem leeren Zustand 41 werden die Paletten in noch anhand Figur 19 näher zu beschreibenden Weise in die Rücktransportzone 100 in Richtung des Pfeiles 101 abgesenkt und in abgesenkter Lage in der Rücktransportzone 100 in Richtung des Pfeiles 102 zur Einfahrzeile Z3 zurücktransportiert. In dieser abgesenkten Lage sind die Paletten in den Figuren 18 und 19 mit der Bezugszahl 41a bezeichnet. In der Einfahrzeile Z3 werden die Paletten dann wieder in Richtung des Pfeiles 103 auf die Höhe der Parkebene angehoben.In the parking system according to FIGS. 18 and 19, in which the same or functionally identical parts as in the previous figures are identified by the same reference numbers, a return transport zone 100 for empty pallets 41a is provided directly below the upper parking level P1. The pallets are left empty after the extension of a motor vehicle 40a in the space in row Z10, the exit box, in the parking level P1. This empty state is shown in broken lines in FIG. 18 and in FIG. 19 and is designated by 41. From this empty state 41, the pallets are lowered into the return transport zone 100 in the direction of arrow 101 in a manner still to be described with reference to FIG. 19 and are transported back in the lowered position in the return transport zone 100 in the direction of arrow 102 to the entry line Z3. In this lowered position, the pallets in FIGS. 18 and 19 are designated by the reference number 41a. In the entry line Z3, the pallets are then raised again in the direction of arrow 103 to the level of the parking level.

In dieser angehobenen Lage ist die Palette in Figur 18 wiederum gestrichelt dargestellt und mit dem Bezugszeichen 41b gekennzeichnet. Die Palette 41b ist nun bereit zur Aufnahme eines neuen Kraftfahrzeuges 40b, das vor der Einfahrzeile Z3 in Wartestellung gezeigt ist.In this raised position, the pallet is again shown in dashed lines in FIG. 18 and identified by the reference symbol 41b. The pallet 41b is now ready to receive a new motor vehicle 40b, which is shown in the waiting position in front of the entry line Z3.

In Figur 19 ist ein Konstruktionsvorschlag für die Überführung der Paletten 41 aus der Ausfahrzeile Z10 in die Rücktransportzone 100 dargestellt. Gemäß Figur 19 wird hierzu das Hubwerk 21 benutzt, das in diesem Fall vertikale Gewindespindeln 104 aufweist, auf denen Muttern durch Drehung der Gewindespindeln auf- und abbewegbar sind, an denen horizontale Rollen 105 drehbar gelagert sind. Die Rollen 105, die mindestens teilweise antreibbar sind, dienen in Parkebene P1 zum Antrieb der Paletten 41 in x-Richtung und in der Rücktransportzone 100 in entgegengesetzte Richtung (Pfeil 102).FIG. 19 shows a design proposal for the transfer of the pallets 41 from the exit line Z10 into the return transport zone 100. According to FIG. 19, the lifting mechanism 21 is used for this purpose, which in this case has vertical threaded spindles 104, on which nuts can be moved up and down by rotating the threaded spindles, on which horizontal rollers 105 are rotatably mounted. The rollers 105, which can be driven at least in part, serve to drive the pallets 41 in the x-direction in the parking plane P1 and in the opposite direction in the return transport zone 100 (arrow 102).

Die Hubwerke, die ohnehin zum Transport der Paletten 41 in z-Richtung zwischen den beiden Parkebenen P1 und P2 erforderlich sind, dienen somit zusätzlich zur Überführung der Paletten in die Lage 41a in der Rücktransportzone 100 im Leerzustand.The hoists, which are required anyway for the transport of the pallets 41 in the z-direction between the two parking levels P1 and P2, thus additionally serve to transfer the pallets into the position 41a in the return transport zone 100 in the empty state.

Die Steueranlage kann so ausgelegt sein, daß immer dann, wenn ein Fahrzeug aus der Ausfahrzeile Z10 ausfährt und somit eine leere Palette 41 zurückläßt, dann automatisch die Überführung der leeren Palette in die Rücktransportzone 100 ausgelöst wird, während dann, wenn in der Ausfahrzeile Z10 eine beladene Palette 41 aus der Parkebene P1 in die Parkebene P2 überführt werden soll oder umgekehrt, die Rücktransportzone von dem Hubwerk vertikal ohne Halt überfahren wird.The control system can be designed in such a way that whenever a vehicle leaves the exit line Z10 and thus leaves an empty pallet 41, the transfer of the empty pallet to the return transport zone 100 is triggered automatically, while when in the exit line Z10 a loaded pallet 41 is to be transferred from the parking level P1 to the parking level P2 or vice versa, the return transport zone is passed vertically by the hoist without stopping.

Es ist denkbar, daß die Rücktransportzone auch oberhalb der Parkebene P1 in einem Bereich außerhalb des Parksystems angeordnet ist.It is conceivable that the return transport zone is also arranged above the parking level P1 in an area outside the parking system.

Figur 18 zeigt in der Parkzeile Z4 einen Palettenstapler 110, mittels dem mit der Bezugszahl 41b bezeichnete Paletten übereinander unter Ausnutzung der Höhe der Rücktransportzone 100 bis zum Abrufen zwischengestapelt werden können.FIG. 18 shows in the parking line Z4 a pallet stacker 110 by means of which pallets designated by the reference number 41b can be stacked one above the other using the height of the return transport zone 100 until they are called up.

Zum Transport der Paletten zwischen den Zeilen Z9 und Z4 in der Rücktransportzone 100 dienen gemäß Figur 19 Rollen 106, die ebenfalls mindestens teilweise antreibbar sind. Anstatt der Rollen 106 könnten die Paletten 41a in diesem Gebiet zwischen den Zeilen Z9 und Z4 auch mittels eines Fördergurtes oder dergleichen transportiert werden. Dieser Fördergurt darf jedoch nicht in die Zeilen Z3 oder Z10 hineinreichen, weil er hier der Hubbewegung zwischen den Parkebenen P1 und P2 im Wege wäreAccording to FIG. 19, rollers 106 are used to transport the pallets between the rows Z9 and Z4 in the return transport zone 100, which are also at least partially drivable. Instead of the rollers 106, the pallets 41a could also be transported in this area between the lines Z9 and Z4 by means of a conveyor belt or the like. However, this conveyor belt must not extend into rows Z3 or Z10 because it would prevent the lifting movement between the parking levels P1 and P2

Claims (18)

  1. Parking system for automatically parking automobiles on at least one parking level (P1, P2) including parking rows (Z1-Z12) and parking columns (RA-RK) perpendicular thereto in which the automobiles (40) are horizontally shifted on pallets (41), and including an entrance zone (EZ) and an exit zone (AZ), wherein the parking rows (Z1 to Z12) are arranged in y-direction and the parking columns (RA-RK) are arranged perpendicularly thereto in x-direction and the pallets (41) are movable by a computer-controlled driving means in x-direction from an entrance row (Z3) to an exit row (Z10) and in at least one row (Z9) are movable in x-direction transversely to the columns (RA-RK), characterized in that at least two parking levels (P1, P2) are arranged above each other and that in the entrance row (Z3) and in the exit row (Z10) in each parking column (RA-RK) respective lifting units (20, 21) are provided with which the pallets can be lifted in z-direction and with which driving means (80, 96) for moving the pallets in the x-direction only are associated.
  2. Parking system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said at least one row (Z9) in which the pallets are movable transversely to the columns in y-direction (RA-RK) is positioned so as to immediately precede the exit row (Z10) and that the pallets (41) in at least one further row (Z7, Z4) are movable transversely (double arrows 31, 32) to the columns (RA-RK) in y-direction.
  3. Parking system as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that a lifting unit (22, 23) is respectively provided in at least one further row (Z8, Z5) in each parking column (RA-RK), said further row being disposed at a distance from the entrance row (Z3) and the exit row (Z10).
  4. Parking system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, with the exception of the entrance row (Z3) and the exit row (Z10), a stationary driving field (50) with mutually independently operated and computer-controlled x- and y-driving means (51, 52) for the x- and the y-direction is disposed at each space of the parking levels (P1, P2), and that the drive mechanisms for selectively horizontally shifting the pallets in x- or y-direction are adapted for non-positive cooperation with the pallets.
  5. Parking system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each lifting unit at the lowermost parking level (P2) includes an x-driving field (80) with x-driving means (81) adapted for non-positive cooperation with the pallets (41) to drive the same exclusively in x-direction, and that at the parking level(s) (P1) disposed thereabove there are provided x-driving means (96) for driving the pallets in x-direction, said x-driving means being movable beneath the pallets into and out of the lifting path.
  6. Parking system as claimed in claim 4 or claim 5, characterized in that the driving means comprise rollers (51, 52) mounted in the driving fields (50), said rollers travelling along the undersides of the pallets (41) either directly or along recessed intersecting guideways (45, 46) extending in x- and y-directions to cause a translational motion of the pallets.
  7. Parking system as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the x-rollers (51) or the y-rollers (52), respectively, or all of the rollers may be brought by lifting devices (56) to an operative position elevated above the level of the respective driving field, the elevated operative position of all of the rollers representing the normal rest position.
  8. Parking system as claimed in any one of the claims 4 to 7, characterized in that each driving field is designed as a grid-like framework (53) having recesses (54) for sets of rollers composed of respective axially parallel rollers (51, 52), the rollers of each set of rollers, which are separated into x- and y-direction rollers, being supported in common frames (55) supported by means of the lifting devices (56) in the recesses (53) of the driving field (50),
    that within each frame (55) there is provided a motor operator (58) controlled by the computer for driving at least some of the rollers of the set of rollers through a chain, toothed belt (59, 59') or the like, and
    that the motor operator (58) is adapted to independently act on separate rollers through at least two chains, toothed belts (59, 59') or the like to provide for redundance.
  9. Parking system as claimed in any one of the claims 5 to 8, characterized in that each x-driving field (80) of a lifting unit (20, 21) is configured as a container having recesses for axially parallel x-rollers (81) which are supported in common frames (85) and respectively constitute a set of rollers, said rollers being adapted to move along the underside of the pallets in recessed guideways (45) extending in x-direction, and that the container (83) has recesses (88) for lifting pins (92, 93) fitting in said guideways (45, 46) and adapted to be jointly actuated for lifting and lowering a pallet by means of lifting devices (90), especially threaded spindles.
  10. Parking system as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that driven swivel rollers (96) for taking over the pallets from the lifting pins (92, 93) and for driving the pallets in x-direction are disposed at the parking level(s) (P1) above the lowermost parking level (P2) and are adapted to be swivelled sideways.
  11. Parking system as claimed in any one of the claims 4 to 10, characterized in that the driving fields (50) at the lowermost parking level (P2) are supported on the floor and at the parking levels (P1) provided thereabove are supported with their four corners on spider-shaped supporting brackets(63) mounted on pillars (64) at the level of the or each parking level.
  12. Parking system as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that empty pallets (41) may be shifted especially vertically by means of the lifting units (104, 105) from the exit row (Z10) to a return transport zone (100) which is spatially separated from the parking level (P1, P2), and may be conveyed in the return transport zone (100) in the direction towards the entrance row (Z3).
  13. Parking system as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that a stacker (101) for empty pallets (41) is provided in the return transport zone (100).
  14. Parking system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that timers (42) are provided which cause the computer upon actuation by the entering user to convey the automobile to the vicinity of or into the exit row (Z10) at the desired pick-up time.
  15. Method of automatically parking automobiles on at least two parking levels including parking rows and parking columns perpendicular thereto, in which the automobiles are horizontally shifted and parked on pallets, wherein the automobiles are conveyed from an entrance row and under control of a computer are placed ready for pick-up in an exit row, whereby for accommodating the automobiles on superposed parking levels, the automobiles can be transported vertically and only in the direction from the entrance row towards the exit row in each column space positioned in the entrance row and in the exit row, and that all of the parked automobiles are continually being moved along the shortest possible route, preferably always at the same orientation, i.e. without being turned, in the direction towards the exit row.
  16. Method as claimed in claim 15, characterized in that by means of a priority control the automobiles are preferably parked in the same column and transported in the direction towards the exit row in which they have entered, and that, when a column is loaded to a degree which is higher by a predetermined factor than in any other column, movements in a direction (y, z) transversely to the columns is caused and/or the entry to said column is blocked.
  17. Method as claimed in claim 15 or claim 16, characterized in that the computer automatically causes the transport of the parked automobile to the exit row at a predetermined time such as the pick-up time preset by the user at the commencement of the parking period.
  18. Method as claimed in claim 15, characterized in that the user causes the transport of his automobile to the exit row by insertion of his parking ticket or the like in a fetching station which is disposed at such a distance from the parking system that at the pick-up time the user will normally find his automobile ready for exit in the exit row.
EP89906754A 1988-06-09 1989-06-02 Parking system and process for automatic parking of vehicles Expired - Lifetime EP0394378B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3819710 1988-06-09
DE19883819710 DE3819710A1 (en) 1988-06-09 1988-06-09 Parking system and process for the automatic parking of motor vehicles
DE3823728 1988-07-13
DE19883823728 DE3823728A1 (en) 1988-07-13 1988-07-13 Drive system for pallets of a parking system for the automatic parking of motor vehicles
DE3833083 1988-09-29
DE19883833083 DE3833083A1 (en) 1988-07-13 1988-09-29 Drive system for pallets of a parking system
PCT/EP1989/000618 WO1989012152A1 (en) 1988-06-09 1989-06-02 Parking system and process for automatic parking of vehicles

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0394378A1 EP0394378A1 (en) 1990-10-31
EP0394378B1 true EP0394378B1 (en) 1994-05-11

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89906754A Expired - Lifetime EP0394378B1 (en) 1988-06-09 1989-06-02 Parking system and process for automatic parking of vehicles

Country Status (6)

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US (2) US5066187A (en)
EP (1) EP0394378B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH03501398A (en)
AU (1) AU3756489A (en)
DE (1) DE58907651D1 (en)
WO (1) WO1989012152A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0394378A1 (en) 1990-10-31
US5165842A (en) 1992-11-24
US5066187A (en) 1991-11-19
DE58907651D1 (en) 1994-06-16
WO1989012152A1 (en) 1989-12-14
JPH03501398A (en) 1991-03-28
AU3756489A (en) 1990-01-05

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