EP0381201B1 - Zweitaktbrennkraftmaschine mit Einrichtung zur direkten Schmierung - Google Patents

Zweitaktbrennkraftmaschine mit Einrichtung zur direkten Schmierung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0381201B1
EP0381201B1 EP90101932A EP90101932A EP0381201B1 EP 0381201 B1 EP0381201 B1 EP 0381201B1 EP 90101932 A EP90101932 A EP 90101932A EP 90101932 A EP90101932 A EP 90101932A EP 0381201 B1 EP0381201 B1 EP 0381201B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oil
bearing
projection
cycle engine
end portion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90101932A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0381201A1 (de
Inventor
Tatsuyuki Masuda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Yamaha Motor Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Yamaha Motor Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yamaha Motor Co Ltd filed Critical Yamaha Motor Co Ltd
Publication of EP0381201A1 publication Critical patent/EP0381201A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0381201B1 publication Critical patent/EP0381201B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/06—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of crankshafts or connecting rods with lubricant passageways, e.g. bores
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/04—Pressure lubrication using pressure in working cylinder or crankcase to operate lubricant feeding devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M9/00—Lubrication means having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M7/00
    • F01M9/10—Lubrication of valve gear or auxiliaries
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
    • F16C3/04—Crankshafts, eccentric-shafts; Cranks, eccentrics
    • F16C3/06—Crankshafts
    • F16C3/14—Features relating to lubrication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/21—Elements
    • Y10T74/2173—Cranks and wrist pins
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/21—Elements
    • Y10T74/2173—Cranks and wrist pins
    • Y10T74/2185—Lubricated

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a 2-cycle engine with a lubricating structure of a crankshaft lubricating system wherein lubricating oil is supplied directly to the spots to be lubricated, specifically for lubricating the crankshaft journal and the big end of a connecting rod of a crankshaft assembly, comprising an annular oil receiver which extends in an axially overlapping condition between the crank web and a crankshaft journal bearing to guide lubricating oil by means of an oil through passage to the outer periphery of a crank pin rotatably supporting the big end of the connecting rod.
  • the lubricating oil is supplied into the intake passage upstream of the reed valve and, as mixed with the fuel-air mixture, lubricates the big end of the connecting rod, crankshaft journal and other lubricating points, and is combusted in the combustion chamber with the fuel and is finally discharged into the atmosphere together with the exhaust gas.
  • the 2-cycle engine provided with the separate oiling system requires more oil which is undesirable for coping with the problems of white, blue or black smoke constituents in the exhaust gas.
  • a 2-cycle engine comprising a direct lubricating system to lubricate the crankshaft journal and the big end of a connecting rod of a crankshaft assembly as indicated in the preamble of claim 1 is disclosed in US-PS-3,096,850.
  • lubricating oil is fed to the space in between the inner and outer races of a journal bearing of the crankshaft, the ball bearing is disposed aside the crank web with a sealing ring in between mounted on the crankshaft, said sealing ring defines an oil pocket between the outer race of the bearing and the crank web by means of an axially obliquely extending flange partially axially overlapping with the outer race of the bearing and extending to sealingly contact a radially expanding sealing ring disposed in an annular groove of the outer race of the bearing.
  • the present invention is directed to provide a 2-cycle engine with an improved and simplified but reliable direct lubricating system, specifically for lubricating a crankshaft journal and the big end of a connecting rod of the crankshaft.
  • This received oil is sent by the centrifugal force toward the crank pin through the oil passage, and then supplied to the big end of the connecting rod by the crank pin to lubricate it and is then scattered around in fine particles to lubricate the piston sliding surface of the cylinder etc.
  • the oil which is caught by the projection flows in the oil passage towards the crank pin under the influence of centrifugal force.
  • crank case is provided with oil supply passage-ways one end of which being connected to an oil pump whereas the other end forms an oil passageway portion which extends radially through the crankcase to open at the inner periphary of same.
  • Another advantageous embodiment of the present invention exists in that an oil hole facing the opening of the radial passageway portion to be connected therewith, is bored radially through the housing of the needle bearing.
  • the performance of the lubricating structure has proven to be highly satisfactory adopting an advantageous embodiment of the present invention wherein the needle bearing for the crankshaft journal is inserted into a bearing hole of the crankcase and one radial end face of the crankcase is provided with a counter bore formed around the bearing hole. Then, one end portion of the needle bearing housing is projected into said counter bore radially inwardly of the oil receiving projection engaging said counter-bore from the opposite side phase of the crank web with a radial clearance being left inbetween the projection of the crank web and the end portion of the needle bearing housing.
  • an oil supply passage extends through the crankpin, inclined outwardly from an inlet just inside the oil receiving projection on the side surface of the crankweb, axially facing to the projecting end portion of the needle bearing housing and provided adjacent thereto, to a ball-plugged end portion of said passage distant from the needle bearing, with a radial oil passageway being provided to open at the one end into said inclined oil supply passage at an intermediate section thereof and opening at the other end on the outer periphery of the crankpin supporting the big end of the connecting rod through another needle bearing.
  • a cylinder body 2 which is covered by a cylinder head 4.
  • a piston slidably vertically To the piston 5 is connected the small end of the connecting rod 7 through a piston pin 8, and the big end of the connecting rod 7 is connected to the crank web 9a of the crankshaft 9 through the crank pin 10.
  • the cylinder head 4 has a swirl chamber S formed therein into which is faced the tips of the fuel injection valve 12 and the glow plug 13 both screwed into the cylinder head 4. Further, the cylinder 5 has scavenging ports 14 and 15 and an exhaust port 16 opened therethrough.
  • the fuel is injected into the swirl chamber S by the fuel injection valve 12 in this embodiment, the fuel may be injected directly into the cylinder 5 by the fuel injection valve 12 without furnishing this swirl chamber S.
  • the cylinder body 2 has scavenging passages 17 and 18 and an exhaust passage 19, one end of each of these scavenging passages 17 and 18 being opened into the cylinder 5 through their ports 14 and 15, respectively, and the other end of each of scavenging passages being opened into the crank chamber 11.
  • One end of the exhaust passage 19 is opened into the cylinder 5 through the exhaust port 16 and to the other end of the exhaust passage 19 is connected an exhaust pipe (not shown).
  • the cylinder body 2 has an intake passage 25 for each cylinder 3 formed at one side thereof, one end of which passage 25 is opened into the crank chamber 11, the other end of which passage 25 has an intake pipe 26 connected thereto and within which is provided a reed valve 27 for permitting the intake air to flow only toward the crank chamber 11.
  • the bottom portion of the crankcase 3 of this embodiment has an oil hole 41 bored therethrough to which hole 41 is connected a check valve 42.
  • the intake tube 26 has an oil spray nozzle 43 mounted through its wall and opened in the middle of the intake passage 44 within the tube 26 upstream of the reed valve 27, which nozzle 43 is connected with the check valve 42 through a tube 45, that is the crank chamber 11 and the intake passage 44 upstream of the reed valve 27 are communicated with each other through the check valve 42 and the tube 45.
  • This check valve 42 prevents air from flowing into the crank chamber 11 from the intake passage 44, and also permits oil accumulated in the bottom of the crank chamber 11 to flow only toward the oil spray nozzle 43 as mentioned later.
  • the journal portion 9b of the crankshaft 9 is rotatably held by a needle bearing 28, and its portion outward (rightward in Fig. 1) of the needle bearing 28 is hermetically sealed by a labyrinth seal ring 29.
  • the crankcase 3 holding the needle bearing 28 and the labyrinth seal ring 29 has a long oil passage 31 bored perpendicularly of the paper surface and communicated with an oil passage 32 radially bored through the crankcase 3. This oil passage 32 is opened at the inner periphery of the crankcase 3 where it is connected to the oil hole 34 bored through the housing 33 of the needle bearing 28.
  • the oil passage 31 is connected to an oil pump (not shown) driven by the engine 1 for intermittently supplying a required minimum amount of oil.
  • crankcase 3 One end face (left end face in fig.1) of the crankcase 3 has a counterbore 3a formed around the bearing hole into which is projected one end (left end in Fig. 1) 33a of the needle bearing housing 33.
  • the reference number 30 denotes a spring for fastening the housing 33.
  • the side face of the crank web 9a opposite to the needle bearing 28 (right side face in Fig. 1) has an annular oil receiver 9c formed integrally and projected into the counterbore 3a.
  • This oil receiving projection 9c covers from outside the end 33a of the housing 33 of the needle bearing 28 projected into the counterbore 3a, leaving a small radial clearance between the receiver 9c and the housing 33 and axially lapping with the projection 33a of the housing 33a by a definite length.
  • the crankshaft 9 has an oil passage 35 bored through the crankpin 10 slantly so that, the more axially distant the oil passage 35 extends from the needle bearing 28, the more radially distant it is positioned from the center line of the crankshaft 9.
  • One end of this oil passage 35 distant from the needle bearing 28 (left end in Fig. 1) is plugged by a ball 38 press-fitted therein, and the other end of the passage 35 near to the bearing 28 (right end in Fig. 1) is opened just inside the oil receiver 9c on the end face of the crank web 9a.
  • This passage 35 is communicated an oil passage 36 bored through the crankpin 10 radially of the crankshaft 9 and opened on the outer periphery of the crankpin 10 on which periphery is held the big end of the connecting rod 7 through a needle bearing 37.
  • the oil received by the oil receiver 9c flows, through the centrifugal force, through the passages 35 and 36 and reaches the outer periphery of the crankpin 10 to lubricate the big end of the connecting rod 7, and then is scattered around from the needle bearing 37 in fine particles to lubricate the piston sliding surface of the cylinder 5 shown in Fig. 2.
  • part of the oil is introduced into the cylinder combustion chamber together with the intake air and is combusted together with the fuel, and the remainder is accumulated in the bottom of the crank chamber 11, sent to the oil spray nozzle 43 through the check valve 42 and the tube 45 and is sprayed by the nozzle 43 to lubricate the reed valve 27 to reduce its seating noises. Consequently, white, blue or black smoke in the exhaust gas can be reduced while a required minimum amount of oil can be securely supplied to every point to be lubricated.
  • the lubricating structure according to this invention makes it possible securely to supply the crankshaft journal 9b and the big end of the connecting rod 7 successively with such a degree of small amount of oil that it will never interfere with the black smoke countermeasure for the exhaust gas.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Zweitaktmotor mit einer Schmierungsanordnung eines Kurbelwellensystems, wobei Schmieröl nur direkt zu den Stellen zugeführt wird, die geschmiert werden sollen, insbesondere zur Schmierung der Kurbelwellenlager und des Kurbelzapfenendes einer Pleuelstange der Kurbelwellenanordnung, mit einem ringförmigen Ölaufnehmer, der sich in axial überlappendem Zustand zwischen der Kurbelscheibe (9a) und einem Kurbelwellenlager erstreckt, um Schmieröl durch einen Öldurchgangskanal (35), dessen eines Ende sich gerade innerhalb des vorspringenden Ölaufnehmers (9c) öffnet, während das andere Ende sich am Außenumfang des Kurbelzapfens (10) öffnet, zu fuhren, der drehbar das Kurbelzapfenende der Pleuelstange lagert, wobei eine Seitenwand der Kurbelscheibe (9a) einen Vorsprung (9c) aufweist, der den Ölaufnehmer bildet, wobei der Vorsprung (9c) benachbart zu einem Endabschnitt (33a) des Gehäuses (33) des Kurbelwellenlagers vorspringt, der Vorsprung (9c) sich hinein und in Eingriff mit einer Gegenbohrung (3a), ausgebildet in dem Kurbelgehäuse (3) rund um die Lagerbohrung erstreckt, der Endabschnitt (33a) des Lagergehäuses (33) radial innenliegend in bezug auf den Ölaufnehmervorsprung (9c) in die Gegenbohrung (3a) vorspringt, ein Spalt zwischen dem vorspringenden Ölaufnehmer der Kurbelscheibe und dem Endabschnitt des Lagergehäuses (33) belassen ist, der Vorsprung (9c) mit der Gegenbohrung (3a) von der gegenüberliegenden Seitenwand der Kurbelscheibe (9a) in Eingriff tritt, und wobei ein radialer Spalt zwischen dem Vorsprung (9c) und dem Endabschnitt (33a) des Lagergehäuses (33) belassen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Vorsprung (9c) integral einstückig mit der Seitenwand der Kurbelscheibe (9a) ausgebildet ist.
  2. Zweitaktmotor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kurbelwellenlager ein Nadellager (28) ist, das drehbar einen Lagerzapfenabschnitt (96) der Kurbelwelle (9) lagert.
  3. Zweitaktmotor nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Labyrinthdichtungsring (29) an einer axial auswärtsweisenden Seite des Nadellagers (28) vorgesehen ist, um hermetisch den Raum zwischen dem Kurbelgehäuse (3) und dem Kurbelwellenlager (9b) abzudichten.
  4. Zweitaktmotor nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kurbelgehäuse (3) mit Ölzuführungskanälen (31, 32) versehen ist, von denen ein Ende mit einer Ölpumpe verbunden ist, während das andere Ende einen radialen Ölkanalabschnitt (32) bildet, der sich radial durch das Kurbelgehäuse (3) erstreckt, um sich am Innenumfang des Kurbelgehäuses (3) zu öffnen.
  5. Zweitaktmotor nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Ölbohrung (34), die der Öffnung des radialen Kanalabschnittes (32) zur Verbindung mit diesem gegenüberliegt, radial durch das Gehäuse (33) des Nadellagers (38) gebohrt ist.
  6. Zweitaktmotor nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ölaufnahmevorsprung (9c) von der Seitenfläche der Kurbelscheibe (9a) gegenüberliegend dem Nadellager (28) vorgesehen ist, um axial sich um eine bestimmte Länge mit dem vorspringenden Endabschnitt (33a) des Lagergehäuses (33) unter Belassung eines kleinen radialen Spaltes zu diesem zu überlappen.
  7. Zweitaktmotor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der vorspringende Endabschnitt (33a) des Lagergehäuses (33) in eine Nut vorspringt, die unter dem Vorsprung (9c) ausgebildet ist, wobei ein radialer Spalt belassen ist zwischen der Nut und der Innenoberfläche des vorspringenden Endabschnittes (33a) des Lagergehäuses (33).
  8. Zweitaktmotor nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Ölzuführungskanal (35) sich durch den Kurbelzapfen (10) geneigt abwärts erstreckt, von einem Einlaß direkt innerhalb des ölaufnehmenden Vorsprunges (9c) der Seitenfläche der Kurbelscheibe (9a), axial dem vorspringenden Endabschnitt (33a) des Nadellagergehäuses (33) gegenüberliegend und benachbart zu diesem angeordnet, zu einem kugel-verschlossenen Endabschnitt des Kanales (35), beabstandet von dem Nadellager (28), während ein radialer Ölkanal (36) vorgesehen ist, der sich an dem einen Ende in den geneigten Ölzuführungskanal (35) an einem Zwischenabschnitt desselben öffnet und der sich an dem anderen Ende auf dem Außenumfang des Kurbelzapfens (10), der das Kurbelzapfenende der Pleuelstange durch ein weiteres Nadellager (37) lagert, öffnet.
EP90101932A 1989-02-01 1990-01-31 Zweitaktbrennkraftmaschine mit Einrichtung zur direkten Schmierung Expired - Lifetime EP0381201B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP20819/89 1989-02-01
JP1020819A JP2705779B2 (ja) 1989-02-01 1989-02-01 ２サイクルエンジンの潤滑構造

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0381201A1 EP0381201A1 (de) 1990-08-08
EP0381201B1 true EP0381201B1 (de) 1994-04-06

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90101932A Expired - Lifetime EP0381201B1 (de) 1989-02-01 1990-01-31 Zweitaktbrennkraftmaschine mit Einrichtung zur direkten Schmierung

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4969430A (de)
EP (1) EP0381201B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2705779B2 (de)
DE (1) DE69007816T2 (de)

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CN101881201B (zh) * 2010-06-25 2012-07-04 常州常发动力机械有限公司 一种柴油发动机齿轮室喷油润滑装置
ES2399685B1 (es) * 2011-02-17 2013-12-12 Gas Gas Motos S.A. Sistema de lubricación del pistón y el cigüeñal en motores de explosión de dos tiempos
WO2014094801A1 (en) * 2012-12-20 2014-06-26 Aktiebolaget Skf Machine arrangement
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US9581187B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2017-02-28 Achates Power, Inc. Minimizing oil leakage from rocking journal bearings of two-stroke cycle engines
DE102015215519A1 (de) * 2015-08-14 2017-02-16 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Kurbelwelle mit Ölnut
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH02204606A (ja) 1990-08-14
DE69007816T2 (de) 1994-07-28
DE69007816D1 (de) 1994-05-11
EP0381201A1 (de) 1990-08-08
JP2705779B2 (ja) 1998-01-28
US4969430A (en) 1990-11-13

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