EP0371948B1 - Process and apparatus for the production of non-woven textiles - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for the production of non-woven textiles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0371948B1
EP0371948B1 EP89870185A EP89870185A EP0371948B1 EP 0371948 B1 EP0371948 B1 EP 0371948B1 EP 89870185 A EP89870185 A EP 89870185A EP 89870185 A EP89870185 A EP 89870185A EP 0371948 B1 EP0371948 B1 EP 0371948B1
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Prior art keywords
cylinders
comber
speed
machines
weight
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EP89870185A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0371948A1 (en
Inventor
Michel François Mathieu Joseph Beckers
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Asselin SA
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Asselin SA
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H18/00Needling machines
    • D04H18/02Needling machines with needles
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01GPRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G15/00Carding machines or accessories; Card clothing; Burr-crushing or removing arrangements associated with carding or other preliminary-treatment machines
    • D01G15/02Carding machines
    • D01G15/12Details
    • D01G15/36Driving or speed control arrangements
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01GPRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G15/00Carding machines or accessories; Card clothing; Burr-crushing or removing arrangements associated with carding or other preliminary-treatment machines
    • D01G15/02Carding machines
    • D01G15/12Details
    • D01G15/46Doffing or like arrangements for removing fibres from carding elements; Web-dividing apparatus; Condensers
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01GPRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G25/00Lap-forming devices not integral with machines specified above
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/74Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being orientated, e.g. in parallel (anisotropic fleeces)

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a production line for nonwoven textiles obtained by needling.
  • the purpose of the card is to create, from individual fibers, a light, coherent but fragile veil.
  • the purpose of the blamire is to deposit this veil in several superimposed and progressively offset layers, so as to produce a mattress or a sheet of a higher surface weight, see for example GB-A-1 099 594
  • the purpose of needling machines is to consolidate this mattress by interpenetration of fibers and layers. Planks filled with a large number of vertical needles regularly strike up and down the mattress of fibers parading horizontally below these needle planks. Fibers from the upper layers are drawn by the needles to the lower layers, and a felting effect follows which gives the mattress greater resistance, this resistance depending strongly on the penetration density of the needles in the sheet.
  • the reel receives the needled product and puts it in the form of rolls suitable for transport to the later stages of manufacture.
  • this ply undergoes changes in the distribution of the fibers.
  • volume density of the material increases as the needling progresses, in the sense that the thickness of the sheet is greatly reduced by the interpenetration of the fibers of the different layers.
  • V shape obtained at the end of the production line therefore constitutes a cause of loss of profitability of the process, which the producers obviously try to reduce to the minimum, without however being able to control it perfectly.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide producers with an additional and effective means for reducing material losses, by creating better sectional regularity of the product leaving the needling machines.
  • the method consists in creating artificially, by the card and the blamire, a tablecloth whose weight varies on the width approximately inversely with the distribution of weight which one would obtain at the exit of the needlepunchers in the traditional process.
  • FIG 1 there is shown a section of the output of a card 1, a machine well known in textile circles.
  • the last drum 2 is the painter who delivers the final web 3 from the card, this web being detached from the painter 2 by the beating comb 4.
  • This veil is deposited on a conveyor belt 5 which transports it to the blamere 6.
  • the latter by means of other conveyor belts 7 and following a circuit of which there are many variants in the industry, conducts the veil towards another conveyor belt 8 arranged under the conveyor belts 7 and whose direction of travel 11 (FIG. 2) is 90 degrees relative to that 10 of the conveyor belts 7.
  • the driving rollers 9 move alternately from the end A to the end B of the conveyor belt 8.
  • FIG. 2 shows how the layers are deposited on the conveyor belt 8.
  • the number of reciprocations performed by the cylinders 9 while the conveyor belt 8 advances from C to D is an integer, so that the edges of the successive layers coincide and that the sheet has an equal weight at all points.
  • the curve observed has a shape of the type shown in figure 3.3.
  • the object of the present invention is to restore at the outlet of the last needling machine a constant weight distribution over the width of the ply.
  • the frequency that we choose for the speed variation of the doffer is obviously the frequency of the reciprocating movement of the cylinders 9.
  • the weight of the veil which is deposited must be on the conveyor belt 8 is maximum.
  • the weight of the web which is deposited on the conveyor belt 8 must be minimum. Between these extreme positions the weight of the veil can vary according to any curve to be chosen according to experience; in particular this curve can be a straight line.
  • This delay constitutes an additional parameter of the system, which can be easily taken into account by using a computer 15 to regulate the speed of the comber 2 according to the position of the cylinders 9.
  • the computer 15 receives the information of the position of the cylinders 9 of the sensor 17, calculates the corresponding speed of the painter 2, but does not send the corresponding instruction to the motor control 19 of the painter only after the delay which has been determined. This period can be determined by calculation or experimentally.
  • the action of the needling machine also reduces the amplitude of the initial counter-V, and a weight curve is obtained at its exit as shown in Figure 4.3., Which is the goal of the producer of nonwoven , namely to obtain a product as flat as possible at the exit of the production line.
  • the movement of the cylinders 9 is carried out by a system comprising chains for translation, these chains being driven by chain wheels 18 themselves controlled by a DC motor 14.
  • the motor 14 is controlled by a computer 15, which calculates its speed and, as soon as the cylinders 9 have achieved the translational stroke necessary to achieve the desired ply width, commands it to brake in a very short time and to reverse its direction of rotation, therefore the direction displacement movement of the cylinders 9.
  • a sensor 16 placed in the center of the conveyor belt 8 gives the computer the midpoint G of the sheet (fig. 2).
  • the operator chooses the width of the GE or GF sheet on the computer on each side of this midpoint.
  • An incremental encoder 17 is placed on the chain wheel 18, an encoder which permanently provides the computer 15 with the indication of the position of the cylinders 9. Knowing that the midpoint G of the ply, given by the sensor 16, represents the point where the veil 12 deposited should be the heaviest, and that the extreme points E and F, calculated by the computer 15, represent the points where the veil should be the lightest, the computer can calculate at any time speed of the doffer 2 to obtain the desired sail weight. This requires that we have entered in the computer the value of the weight of the veil that we want in the center or at the ends and the curve of the weights that we want to follow.
  • the invention also covers all the other embodiments the aim of which would be to periodically vary the speed of the card doffer 2 with the aim of obtaining at the outlet of the blamire 6 a ply whose weight is deliberately irregular, so as to counteract the 'effect of destruction of the regularity of the weight of the tablecloth normally created by needling machines or machines according to the blamire.
  • the invention also covers cases where the blamire is replaced by another machine intended to superimpose several layers of veil so as to produce a thicker sheet. We will call these machines “stacking machines”.
  • the invention also covers cases where the needling machines are replaced by other machines intended to consolidate the sheet or carry out any treatment on this sheet. We will call these machines “consolidation machines”.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Description

Cette invention concerne une ligne de fabrication de textiles non-tissés obtenus par aiguilletage.This invention relates to a production line for nonwoven textiles obtained by needling.

Une ligne de fabrication de non-tissés par aiguilletage se compose en général des machines suivantes:

  • une carde
  • un blamire ou étaleur-nappeur
  • un pré-aiguilleteuse
  • une ou plusieurs aiguilleteuses
  • un dispositif d'enroulement
  • des étapes ultérieures de la fabrication telles qu'encollage, latexage, etc...
A needling nonwoven manufacturing line generally consists of the following machines:
  • a card
  • a blamire or spreader-lapper
  • a pre-needling machine
  • one or more needling machines
  • a winding device
  • subsequent stages of manufacturing such as sizing, latexing, etc.

La carde a pour but de réaliser, au départ de fibres individuelles, un voile léger, cohérent mais fragile.The purpose of the card is to create, from individual fibers, a light, coherent but fragile veil.

Le blamire a pour but de déposer ce voile en plusieurs couches superposées et décalées progressivement, de façon à réaliser un matelas ou une nappe d'un poids surfacique plus élevé voir par exemple GB-A-1 099 594The purpose of the blamire is to deposit this veil in several superimposed and progressively offset layers, so as to produce a mattress or a sheet of a higher surface weight, see for example GB-A-1 099 594

Les aiguilleteuses ont pour but de consolider ce matelas par interpénétration des fibres et des couches. Des planches garnies de très nombreuses aiguilles verticales frappent régulièrement de haut en bas le matelas de fibres défilant horizontalement en dessous de ces planches à aiguilles. Des fibres des couches supérieures sont entraînées par les aiguilles vers les couches inférieures, et il s'ensuit un effet de feutrage qui donne au matelas une résistance plus grande, cette résistance dépendant fortement de la densité de pénétration des aiguilles dans la nappe.The purpose of needling machines is to consolidate this mattress by interpenetration of fibers and layers. Planks filled with a large number of vertical needles regularly strike up and down the mattress of fibers parading horizontally below these needle planks. Fibers from the upper layers are drawn by the needles to the lower layers, and a felting effect follows which gives the mattress greater resistance, this resistance depending strongly on the penetration density of the needles in the sheet.

L'enrouleur reçoit le produit aiguilleté et le met sous forme de rouleaux adaptés au transport vers les étapes ultérieures de la fabrication.The reel receives the needled product and puts it in the form of rolls suitable for transport to the later stages of manufacture.

Lors de l'aiguilletage de la nappe délivrée par le blamire, cette nappe subit des changements au niveau de la répartition des fibres.During the needling of the ply delivered by the blamire, this ply undergoes changes in the distribution of the fibers.

Ainsi la densité volumique de la matière s'accroît au fur et à mesure de l'aiguilletage, en ce sens que l'épaisseur de la nappe est fortement réduite par l'interpénétration des fibres des différentes couches.Thus, the volume density of the material increases as the needling progresses, in the sense that the thickness of the sheet is greatly reduced by the interpenetration of the fibers of the different layers.

On constate souvent, à l'expérience, un autre type de déformation, à savoir une répartition finale inégale sur la largeur de la nappe. Ainsi, on remarque que le poids surfacique du non-tissé à la sortie de la dernière aiguilleteuse est plus faible au centre de la nappe qu'aux bords et qu'en fait, si l'on prend des échantillons de nappe sur toute la largeur du produit, la courbe donnant le poids des échantillons en fonction de la position sur la largeur de la nappe a la forme d'un V plus ou moins régulier. La forme réelle de cette courbe, que nous appellerons courbe en V dans la suite, dépend évidemment de nombreux facteurs, tels que type de fibres, poids de la nappe, densité d'aiguilletage, etc...We often observe, from experience, another type of deformation, namely an uneven final distribution over the width of the ply. Thus, it is noted that the surface weight of the nonwoven at the outlet of the last needling machine is lower in the center of the ply than at the edges and that in fact, if we take ply samples over the entire width of the product, the curve giving the weight of the samples as a function of the position over the width of the sheet has the shape of a more or less regular V. The actual shape of this curve, which we will call V curve below, obviously depends on many factors, such as type of fibers, weight of the web, needling density, etc.

L'inconvénient bien connu de cette déformation de la nappe est que la nappe est vendue en fonction de son poids surfacique, et que l'acheteur considère souvent comme base de prix le poids minimum obtenu sur des échantillons prélavés sur la largeur du non-tissé. Ceci suivant le critère qu'un surplus de matière correspond souvent à une amélioration du produit, et que donc celui-ci ne peut être revendu qu'en fonction des zones les moins lourdes du produit; sans cette attitude, les zones les moins lourdes pourraient être considérées comme des points faibles et donc des défauts du produit, qui ne serait plus alors de première qualité.The well-known drawback of this deformation of the tablecloth is that the tablecloth is sold according to its surface weight, and that the buyer often considers as a price base the minimum weight obtained on pre-washed samples over the width of the nonwoven . This according to the criterion that a surplus of material often corresponds to an improvement of the product, and that therefore it can only be resold according to the lighter areas of the product; without this attitude, the less heavy areas could be considered as weak points and therefore defects in the product, which would then no longer be of first quality.

En considérant le poids des zones les moins lourdes comme le poids normal du produit, toute la matière présente dans les autres zones et dont le poids excède celui des zones les moins lourdes constitue de la matière perdue pour le producteur, puisqu'il ne peut la valoriser dans le prix qu'il fait à l'acheteur.By considering the weight of the least heavy areas as the normal weight of the product, all the material present in the other areas and whose weight exceeds that of the least areas heavy constitutes material lost to the producer, since he cannot recover it in the price he makes to the buyer.

La forme en V obtenue à la fin de la ligne de production constitue donc une cause de perte de rentabilité du procédé, que les producteurs essaient évidemment de réduire au minimum, sans cependant pouvoir la maîtriser parfaitement.The V shape obtained at the end of the production line therefore constitutes a cause of loss of profitability of the process, which the producers obviously try to reduce to the minimum, without however being able to control it perfectly.

La présente invention a pour but de fournir aux producteurs un moyen supplémentaire et efficace pour réduire les pertes de matière, en créant une meilleure régularité sectionnelle du produit sortant des aiguilleteuses.The object of the present invention is to provide producers with an additional and effective means for reducing material losses, by creating better sectional regularity of the product leaving the needling machines.

La méthode consiste à créer artificiellement, par la carde et le blamire, une nappe dont le poids varie sur la largeur à peu près inversement à la répartition de poids que l'on obtiendrait à la sortie des aiguilleteuses dans le procédé traditionnel.The method consists in creating artificially, by the card and the blamire, a tablecloth whose weight varies on the width approximately inversely with the distribution of weight which one would obtain at the exit of the needlepunchers in the traditional process.

Autrement dit, on s'arrange pour obtenir à la sortie du blamire une nappe plus épaisse au centre que sur les bords, et dont la courbe des poids d'échantillons prélevés sur toute la largeur présente une allure en forme de V inversé, que nous appellerons dans la suite courbe en contre-V.In other words, we manage to obtain at the outlet of the blamire a thicker sheet in the center than at the edges, and whose curve of the weights of samples taken over the entire width has an inverted V shape, which we in the following, we will call a counter-V curve.

De cette façon, la déformation qui se produit au cours de l'opération d'aiguilletage va contrecarrer l'irrégularité de poids que l'on a volontairement créée dans le blamire et ces deux effets vont, si pas s'annuler mutuellement, du moins se soustraire l'un de l'autre. Le résultat est alors une nappe aiguilletée plus régulière, plus plate qu'avec les systèmes traditionnels.In this way, the deformation that occurs during the needling operation will counteract the weight irregularity that we have deliberately created in the blamire and these two effects will, if not cancel each other out, at least evade each other. The result is then a more regular, flatter needled web than with traditional systems.

Dans la suite, on va explique la façon de réaliser l'invention.

  • La figure 1 représente en coupe la sortie d'une carde et le circuit d'un blamire.
  • La figure 2 représente en plan la disposition des couches délivrées par la carde pour constituer la nappe à la sortie du blamire.
  • La figure 3 représente l'évolution de la courbe du poids surfacique de matière sur la largeur de la nappe, après les différentes machines de la ligne de fabrication, dans le processus traditionnel.
  • La figure 4 représente la courbe du poids surfacique à la sortie du blamire, obtenue par le système objet de l'invention, ainsi que l'évolution théorique de celte courbe après les aiguilleteuses.
  • La figure 5 représente le principe du système faisant l'objet de l'invention.
In the following, we will explain how to carry out the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows in section the output of a card and the circuit of a blamire.
  • Figure 2 shows in plan the arrangement of the layers delivered by the card to form the sheet at the outlet of the blamire.
  • FIG. 3 represents the evolution of the curve of the surface weight of material over the width of the sheet, after the different machines in the manufacturing line, in the traditional process.
  • FIG. 4 represents the curve of the surface weight at the exit from the blamire, obtained by the system which is the subject of the invention, as well as the theoretical evolution of this curve after the needling machines.
  • FIG. 5 represents the principle of the system which is the subject of the invention.

Le procédé faisant l'objet de l'invention peut être décrit comme suit.The process which is the subject of the invention can be described as follows.

Dans la figure 1, on a montré une coupe de la sortie d'une carde 1, machine bien connue dans les milieux textiles. Le dernier tambour 2 est le peigneur qui délivre le voile final 3 de la carde, ce voile étant détaché du peigneur 2 par la peigne battant 4.In Figure 1, there is shown a section of the output of a card 1, a machine well known in textile circles. The last drum 2 is the painter who delivers the final web 3 from the card, this web being detached from the painter 2 by the beating comb 4.

Ce voile est déposé sur une bande transporteuse 5 qui le véhicule jusqu'au blamire 6. Celui-ci, par l'intermédiaire d'autres bandes transporteuses 7 et suivant un circuit dont il existe de nombreuses variantes dans l'industrie, conduit le voile vers une autre bande transporteuse 8 disposée sous les bandes transporteuses 7 et dont le sens de défilement 11 (fig. 2) est à 90 degrés par rapport à celui 10 des bandes transporteuses 7.This veil is deposited on a conveyor belt 5 which transports it to the blamere 6. The latter, by means of other conveyor belts 7 and following a circuit of which there are many variants in the industry, conducts the veil towards another conveyor belt 8 arranged under the conveyor belts 7 and whose direction of travel 11 (FIG. 2) is 90 degrees relative to that 10 of the conveyor belts 7.

Les cylindres entraîneurs 9 se déplacent alternativement de l'extrémité A à l'extrémité B de la bande transporteuse 8.The driving rollers 9 move alternately from the end A to the end B of the conveyor belt 8.

La figure 2 montre comment se déposent les couches sur la bande transporteuse 8. Le nombre de va-et-vient accomplis par les cylindres 9 pendant que la bande transporteuse 8 avance de C en D est un nombre entier, de sorte que les bords des couches successives coïncident et que la nappe a un poids égal en tout point.FIG. 2 shows how the layers are deposited on the conveyor belt 8. The number of reciprocations performed by the cylinders 9 while the conveyor belt 8 advances from C to D is an integer, so that the edges of the successive layers coincide and that the sheet has an equal weight at all points.

Une certaine surépaisseur peut exister sur les bords de la nappe, aux extrémités E et F, du fait que les cylindres 9 subissent, lors de l'inversion à ces extrémités, une décélération puis une accélération en translation alors que la rotation reste constante. Ce défaut bien connue dans l'industrie ne fait pas l'objet de la présente invention et sera négligé dans la suite: on ne considérera que la partie centrale, qui constitue la grosse majorité du produit, dans laquelle le poids surfacique est constant dans la technologie traditionnelle.A certain excess thickness may exist on the edges of the ply, at the ends E and F, owing to the fact that the cylinders 9 undergo, during the inversion at these ends, a deceleration then an acceleration in translation while the rotation remains constant. This well-known defect in the industry does not the object of the present invention and will be neglected in the following: we will only consider the central part, which constitutes the vast majority of the product, in which the surface weight is constant in traditional technology.

Si l'on découpe une bande dans la nappe 12 sortant du blamire, perpendiculairement à la direction d'avance 11 de cette nappe, que l'on découpe cette bande en échantillons de dimensions égales, que l'on pèse ces échantillons et que l'on trace une courbe dont l'abscisse représente la position de l'échantillon sur la largeur de la nappe et l'ordonnée le poids de l'échantillon, on obtient une courbe telle que montrée dans la figure 3.1.If a strip is cut from the sheet 12 leaving the blamire, perpendicular to the direction of advance 11 of this sheet, we cut this strip into samples of equal dimensions, we weigh these samples and let l 'We draw a curve whose abscissa represents the position of the sample over the width of the sheet and the ordinate the weight of the sample, we obtain a curve as shown in Figure 3.1.

Si l'on répète cette opération sur la nappe sortant de la pré-aiguilleteuse, on trouve une courbe comme montrée à la figure 3.2.If we repeat this operation on the sheet leaving the pre-needling machine, we find a curve as shown in figure 3.2.

A la sortie de l'aiguilleteuse, la courbe observée a une forme du type montré dans la figure 3.3.At the exit of the needling machine, the curve observed has a shape of the type shown in figure 3.3.

Bien que mal connue, la cause de ce phénomène est attribuée au fait suivant. Une certaine tension est nécessaire pour tirer la nappe au travers d'une aiguilleteuse. Cette tension s'accompagne d'une part d'un allongement de la nappe dans le sens de l'avance et d'autre part d'un rétrécissement consécutif de la nappe dans le sens perpendiculaire, ainsi qu'il en est pour tout corps soumis à traction.Although not well known, the cause of this phenomenon is attributed to the following fact. A certain tension is necessary to pull the tablecloth through a needling machine. This tension is accompanied on the one hand by an elongation of the ply in the direction of advance and on the other hand by a consecutive narrowing of the ply in the perpendicular direction, as it is for any body subjected to traction.

Or, plus une fibre est proche de l'extrémité E ou F de la nappe, plus elle est libre puisque moins bien intégrée dans le coeur de la nappe; donc plus cette fibre a tendance à migrer vers le centre du fait de la traction. La compression et donc la densification latérale de la nappe s'opère donc de plus en plus au fur et à mesure que l'on s'éloigne du centre de la nappe. Le poids surfacique de la nappe s'accroît donc de plus en plus au fur et à mesure que l'on se dirige du centre de la nappe vers ses extrémités, d'où les courbes de poids de la figure 3.However, the closer a fiber is to the end E or F of the sheet, the more it is free since it is less well integrated into the core of the sheet; therefore the more this fiber tends to migrate towards the center due to traction. The compression and therefore the lateral densification of the sheet therefore takes place more and more as one moves away from the center of the sheet. The surface weight of the sheet therefore increases more and more as one moves from the center of the sheet to its ends, hence the weight curves of FIG. 3.

La présente invention a pour but de restituer à la sortie de la dernière aiguilleteuse une répartition de poids constante sur la largeur de la nappe.The object of the present invention is to restore at the outlet of the last needling machine a constant weight distribution over the width of the ply.

Pour se faire, on génère artificiellement une variation périodique du poids du voile sortant de la carde, de façon à obtenir à la sortie du blamire une nappe dont le poids est plus important au centre qu'aux extrémités. Le but est d'obtenir sur la bande transporteuse 8 une nappe dont la courbe de poids sur la largeur a une forme du type montré à la figure 4.1.To do this, a periodic variation of the weight of the veil leaving the card is artificially generated, so as to obtain at the outlet of the blamire a sheet whose weight is greater at the center than at the ends. The goal is to obtain on the conveyor belt 8 a ply whose weight curve across the width has a shape of the type shown in Figure 4.1.

Pour se faire, et comme illustré à la figure 5, on agit sur la vitesse de rotation du peigneur, puisqu'il est bien connu que le rapport des vitesses circonférentielles du peigneur 2 et du tambour 13 détermine le poids du voile. Ainsi, si le tambour tourne à une vitesse de Vt mètres par minute en véhiculant une charge surfacique de fibres de M grammes par mètre carré, et que le peigneur tourne à une vitesse de Vp mètres par minute, en supposant que le peigneur prélève toute la matière du tambour, la charge surfacique de fibres sur le peigneur et donc le voile délivré par la carde aura une poids surfacique de N = ( V t/V p ) x M

Figure imgb0001
grammes par mètre carré.To do this, and as illustrated in FIG. 5, one acts on the rotational speed of the doffer, since it is well known that the ratio of the circumferential speeds of the doffer 2 and of the drum 13 determines the weight of the veil. Thus, if the drum rotates at a speed of V t meters per minute conveying a surface load of fibers of M grams per square meter, and the painter rotates at a speed of V p meters per minute, assuming that the painter collects all the material of the drum, the surface load of fibers on the doffer and therefore the veil delivered by the card will have a surface weight of N = ( V TV p ) x M
Figure imgb0001
grams per square meter.

Ainsi, si l'on augmente la vitesse du peigneur, on diminue le poids du voile et si on la diminue, on accroît le poids du voile.Thus, if we increase the speed of the comber, we reduce the weight of the veil and if we decrease it, we increase the weight of the veil.

Si l'on fait varier périodiquement la vitesse du peigneur, on obtient un voile dont le poids varie périodiquement également, avec la même fréquence.If the speed of the doffer is varied periodically, a veil is obtained whose weight also varies periodically, with the same frequency.

La fréquence que l'on choisit pour la variation de vitesse du peigneur est évidemment la fréquence du mouvement de va-et-vient des cylindres 9. Lorsque ces cylindres sont au centre de la nappe, il faut que le poids du voile qui se dépose sur la bande transporteuse 8 soit maximum. Lorsque les cylindres sont à l'une des extrémités E ou F, il faut que le poids du voile qui se dépose sur la bande transporteuse 8 soit minimum. Entre ces positions extrêmes le poids du voile peut varier suivant une courbe quelconque à choisir suivant l'expérience; notamment cette courbe peut être une droite.The frequency that we choose for the speed variation of the doffer is obviously the frequency of the reciprocating movement of the cylinders 9. When these cylinders are in the center of the sheet, the weight of the veil which is deposited must be on the conveyor belt 8 is maximum. When the cylinders are at one of the ends E or F, the weight of the web which is deposited on the conveyor belt 8 must be minimum. Between these extreme positions the weight of the veil can vary according to any curve to be chosen according to experience; in particular this curve can be a straight line.

Il est facile, en plaçant un capteur de déplacement 17 sur les cylindres 9, de connaître à chaque instant la position de ces cylindres, et, sur base de cette information, de commander la vitesse du peigneur 2 par l'intermédiaire d'un moteur à vitesse variable 19.It is easy, by placing a displacement sensor 17 on the cylinders 9, to know at all times the position of these cylinders, and, on the basis of this information, to control the speed of the comber 2 by means of a variable speed motor 19.

Un problème doit cependant être surmonté. Le moment auquel les cylindres 9 se trouvent au centre de la nappe et le moment auquel le peigneur 2 est à sa vitesse minimum, donc délivre un voile de poids maximum, ne peuvent coïncider, car il faut tenir compte du temps que la voile met pour passer du point auquel il se détache du peigneur 2 jusqu'au point auquel il se dépose sur la bande transporteuse 8. Il faut dès lors introduire un certain délai dans la régulation de la vitesse du peigneur, par rapport à la détection de la position des cylindres 9.However, a problem must be overcome. The moment at which the cylinders 9 are at the center of the sheet and the moment at which the doffer 2 is at its minimum speed, therefore delivers a veil of maximum weight, cannot coincide, because it is necessary to take into account the time that the sail takes for pass from the point at which it detaches from the doffer 2 to the point at which it is deposited on the conveyor belt 8. It is therefore necessary to introduce a certain delay in the regulation of the speed of the doffer, relative to the detection of the position of the cylinders 9.

Ce délai constitue un paramètre supplémentaire du système, qui peut être aisément pris en compte en utilisant un ordinateur 15 pour réguler la vitesse du peigneur 2 en fonction de la position des cylindres 9. L'ordinateur 15 reçoit l'information de la position des cylindres 9 du capteur 17, calcule la vitesse correspondante du peigneur 2, mais n'envoie la consigne correspondante à la commande du moteur 19 du peigneur qu'après le délai qui a été déterminé. Ce délai peut être déterminé par calcul ou expérimentalement.This delay constitutes an additional parameter of the system, which can be easily taken into account by using a computer 15 to regulate the speed of the comber 2 according to the position of the cylinders 9. The computer 15 receives the information of the position of the cylinders 9 of the sensor 17, calculates the corresponding speed of the painter 2, but does not send the corresponding instruction to the motor control 19 of the painter only after the delay which has been determined. This period can be determined by calculation or experimentally.

On obtient avec le système décrit ci-dessus une courbe de poids de la nappe après blamire telle qu'indiquée dans la figure 4, courbe en contre-V: 4.1.With the system described above, a weight curve of the sheet after blame is obtained as indicated in FIG. 4, curve in counter-V: 4.1.

L'action de la pré-aiguilleteuse, au lieu de créer une déformation en forme de V, réduit l'amplitude de la courbe en contre-V, et on obtient à la sortie de la pré-aiguilleteuse une courbe de poids telle qu'indiquée dans la figure 4.2.The action of the pre-needling machine, instead of creating a V-shaped deformation, reduces the amplitude of the counter-V curve, and a weight curve is obtained at the exit of the pre-needling machine. shown in figure 4.2.

L'action de l'aiguilleteuse réduit également l'amplitude du contre-V initial, et on obtient à sa sortie une courbe de poids telle qu'indiquée dans la figure 4.3., ce qui est bien le but du producteur de non-tissé, à savoir obtenir un produit aussi plat que possible à la sortie de la ligne de fabrication.The action of the needling machine also reduces the amplitude of the initial counter-V, and a weight curve is obtained at its exit as shown in Figure 4.3., Which is the goal of the producer of nonwoven , namely to obtain a product as flat as possible at the exit of the production line.

Le résultat recherché peut être réalisé de différentes façons, dont nous donnons ci-après un exemple.The desired result can be achieved in different ways, of which we give an example below.

Dans cet exemple, le mouvement des cylindres 9 est réalisé par un système comportant des chaînes pour la translation, ces chaînes étant entraînées par des roues à chaînes 18 elles-mêmes commandées par une moteur à courant continu 14. Le moteur 14 est commandé par un ordinateur 15, qui calcule sa vitesse et, dès que les cylindres 9 ont réalisé la course en translation nécessaire pour réaliser la largeur de nappe voulue, lui commande de freiner en un temps très court et d'inverser son sens de rotation, donc le sens de déplacement en translation des cylindres 9.In this example, the movement of the cylinders 9 is carried out by a system comprising chains for translation, these chains being driven by chain wheels 18 themselves controlled by a DC motor 14. The motor 14 is controlled by a computer 15, which calculates its speed and, as soon as the cylinders 9 have achieved the translational stroke necessary to achieve the desired ply width, commands it to brake in a very short time and to reverse its direction of rotation, therefore the direction displacement movement of the cylinders 9.

Un capteur 16 placé au centre de la bande transporteuse 8 donne à l'ordinateur le point milieu G de la nappe (fig. 2). L'opérateur choisit à l'ordinateur la largeur de la nappe GE ou GF qu'il désire de chaque côté de ce point milieu.A sensor 16 placed in the center of the conveyor belt 8 gives the computer the midpoint G of the sheet (fig. 2). The operator chooses the width of the GE or GF sheet on the computer on each side of this midpoint.

Un codeur incrémental 17 est placé sur la roue à chaîne 18, codeur qui fournit en permanence à l'ordinateur 15 l'indication de la position des cylindres 9. Sachant que le point milieu G de la nappe, donné par le capteur 16, représente le point où le voile 12 déposé devrait être le plus lourd, et que les points extrêmes E et F, calculés par l'ordinateur 15, représentent les points où le voile devrait être le plus léger, l'ordinateur peut calculer à tout moment la vitesse du peigneur 2 pour obtenir le poids de voile désiré. Il faut pour cela que l'on ait introduit dans l'ordinateur la valeur du poids du voile que l'on désire au centre ou aux extrémités et la courbe des poids que l'on désire suivre.An incremental encoder 17 is placed on the chain wheel 18, an encoder which permanently provides the computer 15 with the indication of the position of the cylinders 9. Knowing that the midpoint G of the ply, given by the sensor 16, represents the point where the veil 12 deposited should be the heaviest, and that the extreme points E and F, calculated by the computer 15, represent the points where the veil should be the lightest, the computer can calculate at any time speed of the doffer 2 to obtain the desired sail weight. This requires that we have entered in the computer the value of the weight of the veil that we want in the center or at the ends and the curve of the weights that we want to follow.

L'invention couvre également toutes les autres réalisations dont le but serait de faire varier périodiquement la vitesse du peigneur de carde 2 dans le but d'obtenir à la sortie du blamire 6 une nappe dont le poids est volontairement irrégulier, de façon à contrecarrer l'effet de destruction de la régularité du poids de la nappe créé normalement par les aiguilleteuses ou les machines suivant le blamire.The invention also covers all the other embodiments the aim of which would be to periodically vary the speed of the card doffer 2 with the aim of obtaining at the outlet of the blamire 6 a ply whose weight is deliberately irregular, so as to counteract the 'effect of destruction of the regularity of the weight of the tablecloth normally created by needling machines or machines according to the blamire.

L'invention couvre également les cas où le blamire est remplacé par une autre machine destinée à superposer plusieurs couches de voile de façon à réaliser une nappe plus épaisse. Nous appellerons ces machines "machines de superposition".The invention also covers cases where the blamire is replaced by another machine intended to superimpose several layers of veil so as to produce a thicker sheet. We will call these machines "stacking machines".

L'invention couvre également les cas où les aiguilleteuses sont remplacées par d'autres machines destinées à consolider la nappe ou effectuer un traitement quelconque sur cette nappe. Nous appellerons ces machines "machines de consolidation".The invention also covers cases where the needling machines are replaced by other machines intended to consolidate the sheet or carry out any treatment on this sheet. We will call these machines "consolidation machines".

Claims (6)

  1. Process for producing non-woven textiles from a card (1) with comber (2), a Blamire or spreader/lapper (6) having web-depositing cylinders (9) or any other superposing machine, and one or more needlers or any other consolidating machines, characterised in that there are provided means by which the weight per unit area of the web delivered by the card is modified permanently according to a periodic law by action on the speed of the exit comber, so as to obtain, at the exit of the superposing machine, a lap of a weight per unit area variable over its width, in such a way as to counteract the deformations in distribution of the weight per unit area which are produced by the consolidating machines.
  2. Apparatus for carrying out the process according to Claim 1, comprising a card (1) with comber (2), a Blamire or spreader/lapper (6) having web-depositing cylinders (9) or any other superposing machine, and one or more needlers or any other consolidating machines, characterised in that the spreader/lapper (6) comprises a system (17) for detecting the position of the web-depositing cylinders (9), a system (15) for calculating the speed of the comber (2) as a function of the position of the cylinders (9), and a system (19) for varying the speed of the comber (2) as a function of the result of the calculating system (15).
  3. Apparatus according to Claim 2, characterised in that the system (17) for detecting the position of the cylinders (9) is an optical coder which is installed in the mechanical control of the displacement of the cylinders (9) or on a motor (14) intended for executing this displacement and which gives a signal proportional to the position of the cylinders (9).
  4. Apparatus according to Claim 2, characterised in that the calculating system (15) is a computer which receives the signal corresponding to the position of the cylinders (9), calculates the variation in speed of the comber (2) as a function of this position, calculates the delay time after which this variation in speed is to take place, and sends a corresponding electronic signal to the system (19) for varying the speed of the comber (2).
  5. Apparatus according to Claim 3, characterised in that the system (19) for varying the speed of the comber (2) comprises a direct-current motor and an electronic variator with thyristors and/or with transistors.
  6. Apparatus according to Claim 3, characterised in that the system (19) for varying the speed of the comber (2) comprises an alternating-current motor and an electronic frequency variator.
EP89870185A 1988-11-30 1989-11-22 Process and apparatus for the production of non-woven textiles Expired - Lifetime EP0371948B1 (en)

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BE8801349A BE1002605A3 (en) 1988-11-30 1988-11-30 PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF NONWOVEN TEXTILES.
BE8801349 1988-11-30

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US5060347A (en) 1991-10-29
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EP0371948A1 (en) 1990-06-06
DE68909377D1 (en) 1993-10-28

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