EP0323394A1 - Méthode de verrouillage d'au moins deux conteneurs ISO pour former une unité de transport ainsi que l'unité de transport - Google Patents

Méthode de verrouillage d'au moins deux conteneurs ISO pour former une unité de transport ainsi que l'unité de transport Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0323394A1
EP0323394A1 EP88730001A EP88730001A EP0323394A1 EP 0323394 A1 EP0323394 A1 EP 0323394A1 EP 88730001 A EP88730001 A EP 88730001A EP 88730001 A EP88730001 A EP 88730001A EP 0323394 A1 EP0323394 A1 EP 0323394A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
elements
blind
anchoring
transport unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP88730001A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dieter Borchardt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP88730001A priority Critical patent/EP0323394A1/fr
Publication of EP0323394A1 publication Critical patent/EP0323394A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/0006—Coupling devices between containers, e.g. ISO-containers
    • B65D90/0013—Twist lock

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for combining at least two container units consisting of ISO containers by releasably coupling corner fittings in the area of two adjacent container units with their side walls next to one another by means of coupling elements extending in anchoring openings, and to such a transport unit.
  • a problem with today's container transport is that a large number of containers accumulate at certain points, which have been unloaded at these points and now have to be transported as empty containers from these points to other points where a new loading takes place .
  • these containers are currently handled in the same way as loaded containers, and it is an object of the invention to provide a method with which several containers can be combined so that a transport unit results that is easy to handle, so that In this way, empty containers in particular can also be transported back to a starting point at low cost.
  • a method of the type mentioned at the outset is designed in accordance with the invention in such a way that an odd number of container units, under the engagement of locking heads of lifting devices, allowing at least all of the anchoring openings present in the upper surface of the central container unit to be connected to one another and that at least some of the coupling - or transverse elements at least in the area of one of the container units coupled by them are brought into positive engagement with an auxiliary element located at least partially in the cavity of the same corner fitting.
  • an odd number of container units are coupled with their side walls adjacent to one another, so that in any case there is a central container unit whose upper container surface, including the corners having the anchoring openings, has the standard dimensions of an ISO container, i.e. from a conventional loader or stacker can be gripped so that the entire transport unit essentially raised in the area of their center of gravity and can be moved from one parking space to another, for example from a quay to a container freighter.
  • the anchoring openings in the upper surface of the middle container unit remain free for the engagement of locking heads.
  • the coupling or transverse elements are usually inserted into the respective anchoring openings of the one container unit and this container unit is then brought up to the other container unit to be coupled with the free ends of the coupling elements in the corresponding anchoring openings of the stationary ones Enter container units.
  • auxiliary elements located at least partially in the cavity of the same corner fitting, at least in the area of one of the container units coupled by them.
  • auxiliary elements can, as will be explained later, consist, for example, of blind elements, in particular blind twist locks, and also, when container units are formed, of more than one container, of which the middle twist locks connecting the containers are formed.
  • the invention further relates to a method of the type mentioned at the outset, which is characterized in that an odd number of container units, with the engagement of locking heads of lifting devices, allowing at least all the anchoring openings present in the upper surface of the central container unit to be connected to one another, that anchoring areas in the upper Surfaces of the container units located laterally from the central container unit are blocked against the engagement of locking heads of hoists, for which purpose preferably upper anchoring openings are at least partially closed, and / or that between the lower surfaces of the container units located laterally from the central container unit and the storage area for the Transport unit can be arranged in the plane of the lower surface of the container units essentially immovable support elements.
  • the blocking can, for example, also be brought about by an coupling or coupling element coupling a neighboring container so far in the upper corner Fitting of an outer container extends that the space below the upper anchoring opening is no longer sufficiently free for the engagement of the locking head of a hoist.
  • the transport unit is preferably anchored, as usual, to the lower surface of its central container unit, for example by means of twist locks, on a storage surface, for which purpose the lower anchoring openings of the central container unit have been left free
  • support can be provided for the container units located laterally from the central container unit, which can be, for example, blind elements, preferably blind twist locks.
  • the support elements are held essentially immovable with respect to the lower surfaces of the container units, and their height corresponds approximately to the thickness of the plate of the anchoring twist locks of the central container unit. These support elements also bridge different distances between predetermined container parking spaces, for example on ships.
  • support elements do not have to be provided for all lower anchoring openings of the lateral container units.
  • the lower anchoring openings of the outer container units which are most distant from the central container unit, can remain free of support elements.
  • the anchoring openings provided in the lower surface of the middle container unit preferably remain free, so that anchoring elements can be introduced, by means of which the transport unit can be placed in a parking space or the like. can be anchored.
  • coupling elements such as lashing rods and / or clamps which absorb essentially tensile stresses, can be attached obliquely and / or horizontally to the end faces of the container units.
  • the invention further relates to a transport unit of the type mentioned at the outset, which is distinguished according to the invention by an odd number of container units which are connected to one another under the engagement of locking heads of lifting devices, allowing at least all the anchoring openings present in the upper surface of the central container unit, at least some of which are connected the coupling or transverse elements are at least in the region of one of the container units coupled by them in positive engagement with an auxiliary element located at least partially in the cavity of the same corner fitting.
  • the transport unit according to the invention is thus constructed as already explained above in connection with the method according to the invention, so that it can be easily assembled and easily transported.
  • the invention further relates to a transport unit of the type mentioned at the outset, which is distinguished according to the invention by an odd number of container units which are connected to one another under the engagement of locking heads of lifting devices, allowing at least all the anchoring openings present in the upper surface of the central container unit to be connected, while in the Level of the upper surface of the container units, which are located to the side of the middle container unit, provided upper anchoring areas against the entry of Verrie gelling heads of hoists are blocked, for example by the fact that upper anchoring openings are at least partially closed, and / or that support elements are inserted into the lower anchoring openings provided in the plane of the lower surfaces of the container units, which are located on the side of the central container unit.
  • a coupling or transverse element can be used which, at least on one side in the extension of its longitudinal axis, has a projecting pin which extends into a bore in the head of a blind element, preferably a blind twist lock, so that the head of the blind element has a positive fit through it Intervention secured against rotation and thus prevents removal of the blind element when the coupling element is inserted, and also the coupling element is held in a defined orientation in the lateral anchoring opening.
  • the bore can taper from the opening side facing the coupling element to the center of the head.
  • the transverse element When the coupling element is inserted and its pin is in engagement with the bore in the head of the blind element, the transverse element should extend with its longitudinal axis as parallel as possible to the plane of the bottom surface of the container unit, so that all coupling elements that are in engagement with blind elements are aligned identically and thereby without any difficulty in the side anchorage openings of the other container unit can be introduced.
  • This can be achieved in that the longitudinal axis of the bore in the head of the twistlock used is somewhat lower than the center of the adjacent lateral anchoring opening. This arrangement prevents the coupling element from being tilted due to the weight of its section protruding from the container unit in such a way that the projecting section of the coupling element lies lower than the inserted section.
  • each container unit of the transport unit consists of at least two containers placed one on top of the other, these can be connected to one another by means of middle twist locks via the anchoring openings provided in their upper and lower container surfaces at all four corners.
  • Each middle twist lock can have, for example, a lower head which corresponds to the head of a blind twist lock.
  • the head of the mid-twist lock and that of the coupling element can be attached to at least one Side have such a design that the head of the coupling element projects into the circumferential torsion circle of the head of the middle twist lock in the assembled state.
  • This head of the coupling element is inserted into the lateral anchoring opening when the associated middle twist lock is already inserted, so that the inserted head prevents rotation of the head of the middle twist lock into the position in which the middle twist lock can be pulled out of the anchoring opening.
  • the collar of the middle twist lock adjacent to the lower head can be larger
  • the dimensions of the upper and lower collar can also be interchanged.
  • the container units each consist of two or more containers
  • the lower containers of adjacent container units are preferably coupled via all four lateral anchoring openings and the upper containers of adjacent container units are coupled via their two upper lateral anchoring openings, so that the essential forces via the four anchoring in the area of the lower one Containers are received, while the coupling via the two upper lateral anchoring openings generally only has to absorb relatively small forces.
  • coupling elements such as lashing rods and / or brackets, which absorb essentially tensile stresses can be attached obliquely or horizontally, for example with their ends inserted into the front-side anchoring openings of the containers on the end faces of adjacent container units.
  • the ISO containers to be handled are the containers which are generally used today, in particular containers of the row 1 according to ISO 668. Their shape and dimensions as well as the position, shapes and dimensions of the anchoring openings in these ISO containers are shown, for example, in the "Container and Trailer Lashing Systems" catalog by Ocean Service +roy GmbH.
  • a blind twist lock for carrying out the method according to the invention or for a transport unit according to the invention has, as is customary for twistlocks, the dimensions of one in the upper or provided with the anchoring opening provided on the lower container surface, with which a plate and a head which come to bear against the outer edge region surrounding the anchoring opening are coupled. According to the invention, this head can be pressed into its locking position by spring force when the blind twist lock is inserted, so that it is held securely against falling out.
  • the head can be rotatably coupled to the collar and have an engagement element which extends in the direction of the collar and plate and which has a central opening is accessible from the outside in the plate and with which an actuating element can be brought into engagement.
  • the engagement element can consist, for example, of a screw-head-shaped section which is located in the central opening of the plate.
  • the head, collar and plate of the blind twist lock in one piece and to provide a support lever which can be pivoted by spring force about an axis which is vertical in the assembled state and which, when the blind twist lock is inserted, presses it into the locking position on the boundary wall in a recess in the collar supports the anchoring opening.
  • Such a blind twist lock is particularly simple in construction and can also be inserted very easily by pivoting the support lever and removed again from the anchoring opening without the risk that it will come loose from the anchoring opening in the inserted, locked state.
  • a bore extending transversely to its axis of rotation can be provided in the head of the blind twist lock.
  • This hole is preferably designed as a through hole that narrows from both sides in a funnel shape towards the center.
  • the blind twist lock can optionally be inserted into the anchoring opening in one of its two orientations, and in any case the pin of the coupling element can be inserted into the hole in the head of the blind twist lock, the funnel-shaped constriction facilitating insertion.
  • the head of the blind twist lock can have between its free end and the collar a support surface lying in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, the surface normal of which is directed towards the free end of the head.
  • a blind twist lock for insertion into an anchoring opening on the underside of a container can have a recess in the support surface of its plate, the depth of which is essentially equal to the thickness of the plate and its extent perpendicular to the axis of rotation Blind twist lock inserted in an anchoring opening is larger in at least one direction than the dimension of the anchoring opening in this direction.
  • the plate of such a blind twist lock then takes with its recess the entire plate of a blind twist inserted in an anchoring opening on the top of a container of a transport unit locks so that the distance between the upper surface of the lower transport unit and the lower surface of the upper transport unit is equal to the standard height of the plate of a conventional twistlock.
  • this design of the plates of the blind twist lock can also be interchanged.
  • middle twist locks can be used, the two heads of which are rigidly attached to the ends of a rotatable axis which extends through the plate and the two collars.
  • the collar adjacent to the lower head when inserted has a greater width and length than the collar adjacent to the upper head.
  • middle twist lock If such a middle twist lock is inserted into an anchoring opening provided in the upper surface of a container, its collar fits relatively precisely, i.e. with the smallest possible undersize in this anchoring opening, as a result of which the middle twist lock is essentially immovable in the plane of the upper surface of the container.
  • the upper collar of the middle twist lock is much smaller, so that the upper container can not only be placed relatively easily on the four middle twist locks inserted into the upper surface of the lower container, but also to adapt to dimensional tolerances with respect to the lower container in the plane of it lower surface can be moved.
  • the lower head of the middle twist lock in the inserted state preferably has a bore extending transversely to the axis, which can be a through bore that narrows in a funnel shape from both sides towards the center.
  • This hole can, as related above explained with the blind twist lock, extend a pin of a coupling element so that the middle twist lock is locked in the inserted state.
  • a twistlock can be used as a coupling element for connecting two container units within the transport unit, the heads of which can be rotated with respect to the plate, this twistlock carrying on at least one head a pin extending coaxially to the axis of rotation of the head and beyond it. When inserted, this pin can extend into the hole in the head of a blind twist lock or middle twist lock and lock it in its inserted position.
  • anchoring the adjacent transport units via the coupling elements is also sensible, but it may be sufficient to couple them to coupling elements which have a plate, on both sides of which collars are provided for insertion into lateral anchoring openings of adjacent container units are, a pin-shaped projection is provided on a collar, which extends when used in an anchoring opening into the interior of the associated container, and a locking head is arranged adjacent to the other collar.
  • Such a coupling element is first inserted into a lateral anchoring opening of a lateral container unit and locked with this locking head in this anchoring opening.
  • the coupling element comes into engagement with a lateral anchoring opening of an adjacent container unit, the collar which is more distant from the locking head is located in the region of this anchoring opening and its projection extends into the interior of the container, so that the coupling element effects an alignment of the adjacent container units with one another and in absorbs vertical and horizontal forces acting on the level of the respective container side wall, while the separation of the container units is prevented by the diagonal and / or transverse lashings.
  • a transport unit which consists of three container units 1, 2, 3, each container unit is an individual ISO container, such as a 40 'container.
  • the three containers 1, 2, 3 are adjacent to one another with side walls so that their upper and lower surfaces run in one plane, and they are detachably coupled to one another via their anchoring openings provided in adjacent side walls in a manner not shown, but still to be described, whereby some of them can also be coupled via anchoring openings provided in upper and / or lower container surfaces.
  • blind twist locks 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 are still to be described, so that all the upper ones and lower anchoring openings of the outer containers 2, 3 are closed, while the anchoring openings present in the upper and lower surfaces of the middle container 1 are open.
  • the transport unit shown in FIG. 2 essentially corresponds to the transport unit from FIG. 1 and the same parts are identified by the same reference numerals.
  • each container unit consists of two containers arranged one above the other and detachably coupled to one another, i.e. the central container unit consists of the detachably connected containers 1, 1 'and the two outer transport units each consist of the detachably connected containers 2, 2 'And 3, 3'.
  • each container unit is formed by three containers arranged one above the other and detachably coupled to one another, so that the middle container unit consists of the containers 1, 1 'and 1 ⁇ and the outer container units each of the containers, 2, 2', 2 ⁇ and 3, 3 ', 3 ⁇ exist.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows a container ship loader 20 located on a quay, which carries a movable trolley 21 on which a so-called spreader 22 is attached.
  • a spreader can be brought into engagement with the upper anchoring openings in the corner fittings of a container, its gripping elements automatically locking into the anchoring openings present in the upper surface after being placed on, and thus lifting the container is possible.
  • FIG. 2 Below the spreader 22 hanging on the trolley 21 there is a transport unit according to FIG. 2, which rests with the lower container 1 of the middle container unit 1, 1 'on a schematically indicated vehicle 23 and on this by means of also schematically indicated twistlocks 16, 17 which in locking Engagement with the anchoring openings provided in the lower surface of the container 1 are fastened in the usual way, so that the container 1 and thus the entire transport unit is firmly but releasably connected to the vehicle 23.
  • the transport unit rests only with the lower container 1 of the middle container unit 1, 1 'on the vehicle, while the side container units 2, 2' and 3, 3 'protrude laterally beyond the vehicle without support. It is therefore expedient to provide such a weight distribution within the transport unit that there is no risk of tipping over, and in general empty containers are therefore combined to form such a transport unit so that these empty containers can be handled particularly simply and cost-effectively after being combined, that is to say not every single container of such a transport unit has to be handled.
  • the transport unit located below the spreader 22 can be brought into engagement by engaging the spreader with the anchoring openings located in the upper surface of the container 1 'of the middle container unit, while such engagement with the anchoring openings in the upper surfaces of the container 2'. and 3 'of the lateral container units 2, 2' and 3, 3 'is not possible because these anchoring openings are closed by the blind twist locks 8, 9, 10, 11. So if the spreader 22 is brought into engagement with the container 1 'and then the twistlocks 16, 17 are released, the transport unit can be lifted from the vehicle 23 by means of the spreader 22 and, for example, to the left, as indicated, can be parked on the surface of the port quay .
  • a transport unit can be set down and fastened directly on the deck of the ship 24, the anchoring of the lower container 1 of the middle container unit 1, 1 'being carried out in the usual way by means of twist locks 16', 17 'and the lateral ones Container units 2, 2 'and 3, 3' then rest on the deck with their blind twist locks 4, 5, 6, 7.
  • a further transport unit can be placed after the usual twistlocks 18, 19 have been inserted into the anchoring openings in the upper surface of the middle container.
  • the twistlocks 18, 19 come into engagement with the anchoring openings in the lower surface of the lower container of the middle container unit and can then be locked while the blind twistlocks 4, 5, 6, 7 of the upper transport unit lock the blind twistlocks 8, 9, 10, 11 of the lower transport unit is supported on it.
  • the type of interaction of these blind twist locks will be described later with reference to FIGS. 22 and 24.
  • a transport unit can be transported in unchanged form, for example placed on or lifted from containers which are anchored on the deck of a lighter 25.
  • the attachment and removal is carried out in the same way as described above.
  • a transport unit consisting of at least three container units can thus be handled in the same way as an individual container, which considerably reduces the effort for container handling.
  • a transport unit according to FIG. 2 can be assembled in the manner shown in FIGS. 5A to 5E.
  • the lower container 3 of the side container unit 3, 3 ' is first raised by means of a side stacker 50, of which only the gripping part is indicated schematically, in order to insert blind twist locks 6, 7 into the four anchoring openings in its lower surface for example in the form of blind twist locks as shown in Figure 24.
  • the container 3 is then set down, and middle twist locks 41, 42 are inserted into the anchoring openings in its upper surface, as shown, for example, in FIGS. 34 and 35.
  • transverse elements 33 for example in the form of twist locks, are used, as shown in FIGS. 31 to 33.
  • the container 3 ' is then placed on the container 3 thus prepared, as indicated in FIG. 5B, by means of the side loader 50, so that the upper sections of the middle twist locks 41 and 42 come into engagement with the anchoring openings in the lower surface of the container 3' and can be locked in the engaged position.
  • the container unit 3, 3 ' is made, in which the cross members 34 coming into engagement with the lower heads of the middle twist locks 41, for example in the form of twist locks, were used.
  • blind twist locks 10 are inserted before or after the containers 3 and 3' are joined together and by transverse elements 35 inserted into the adjacent lateral anchoring opening, which can be constructed, for example, in accordance with the transverse elements 33 and 34, locked by fluid intervention.
  • the container unit 3, 3 ' can then be connected to a prepared middle container unit 1, 1' ( Figure 5C).
  • middle container unit 1, 1 ', the container unit 3, 3 'brought up with the help of the side loader 50, and the cross elements 33, 34, 35 are brought into engagement with the four anchoring openings in one side wall of the container 1 and with the upper anchoring openings in the overlying side wall of the container 1' and locked in this engaged position .
  • supports 49 are placed under the outer blind twist locks 7 of the container unit 3, 3 '(FIG. 5D) in order to prevent the part-transport unit formed from tipping over.
  • the other side container unit 2, 2 ' is connected to the central container unit 1, 1'.
  • the containers 2 and 2 'of the container unit 2, 2' were connected in the same way as the containers of the container unit 3, 3 'by means of middle twist locks 37, 38 and provided with blind twist locks 4, 5, 9, and in them were also cross elements 30, 31 , 32 used for connection to the container unit 1, 1 ', which correspond to the transverse elements 33, 34, 35.
  • connection with the central container unit 1, 1 ' is carried out in the same way by means of the side loader 50 as the connection of the container unit 3, 3' with the container unit 1, 1 ', so that now on both sides of the central container unit 1, 1' Container units 2, 2 'and 3, 3' coupled to the anchoring openings in the side walls are arranged (FIG. 5E).
  • blind twist locks 8 and 11 are inserted into the outer anchoring openings in the upper surface of the container 2 'and 3' after the engagement with the side loader 50 has been released.
  • a transport unit according to FIG. 5E can additionally be made using diagonal lashings 43 and 44 are held together. These diagonal lashings run on both end faces of the transport unit and couple, as shown, as a result of engagement with the corresponding front anchoring openings, the inner lower corner of the container 2 with the inner lower corner of the container 3 'and the inner lower corner of the container 3 with the inner lower corner of the container 2 '.
  • Such lashings can be made, for example, with the aid of lashing rods and tensioning screws, and they can only absorb the transverse and diagonal forces that occur within the transport unit, so that the transverse elements coupling the container units only need to be designed so that they are in the plane of the respective container - absorb side wall forces, i.e. prevent the container units from moving vertically relative to each other.
  • Such a transverse element is shown, for example, in FIGS. 48 and 49.
  • FIG. 7 shows a transport unit corresponding to FIG. 5E, in which there are clamps 45, 46, 47 running on the end faces adjacent to the transverse elements, which serve as transverse lashings.
  • Suitable brackets are shown in the catalog mentioned above. In this case, the coupling is carried out in the horizontal direction by the brackets, so that a cross element according to FIGS. 48 and 49 can be used.
  • Figure 8 shows a transport unit corresponding to Figure 5E with a combination of transverse lashings from brackets 45 and 47 corresponding to Figure 7 and diagonal lashings 48, which are located on the end face of the transport unit between the inner upper corner of the container 2 and the adjacent corner of the container 1 'and accordingly in a manner not shown between the inner extend the upper corner of the container 3 and the adjacent corner of the container 1 '.
  • the transport unit according to FIG. 9 essentially corresponds to the transport unit from FIG. 5E, and the transverse elements, the blind twist locks and middle twist locks are identified by the same reference numerals and additionally by '.
  • the inner blind twist locks 5 ′, 9 ′ and 6 ′, 10 ′ and the inner middle twist locks 38 ′ and 41 ′ of the outer container units 2, 2 ′ are coupled to the transverse elements 30 in the transport unit according to FIG. 9 ', 31', 32 'and 33', 34 ', 35' in such a way that the blind twist locks and the lower sections of the middle twist locks secure the cross elements in their locked position in the respective container against unlocking, while in the transport unit according to Figure 5E Cross elements prevented unlocking of the inner blind twist locks and the inner middle twist locks of the outer container units.
  • transverse elements as shown in FIGS.
  • FIGS. 10A to 10H Details of the type of insertion of a blind twist lock and a cross element coming into locking engagement with it are shown in FIGS. 10A to 10H, the blind twist lock corresponding to FIG. 24 and the cross element corresponding to the twist lock from FIGS. 31 to 33 being able to be constructed.
  • the head 53 of the blind twist lock 6 is rotated with respect to its plate 52 into the insertion position, so that the longitudinal axis of the locking bore 54 is parallel to the indicated adjacent lateral anchoring opening in the container 3 (FIG. 10A).
  • the longitudinal extent of the head 53 extends in the direction of the longitudinal extent of the lower anchoring opening, so that the head 53 can be inserted into the anchoring opening (FIG. 10B).
  • the head 53 is then rotated through 90 ° so that it engages behind the edge of the anchoring opening and the longitudinal axis of the locking bore 54 extends perpendicular to the plane of the lateral anchoring opening (FIG. 10C).
  • the transverse element 33 which has the shape of a twist lock with a plate 56, a rotating axis 55 extending therethrough with locking heads 57 and 58 provided at both ends, and a locking pin 59 extending the axis 55 (FIG 10D), into the adjacent side anchoring opening, the plate-shaped locking head 68 to be inserted being in a vertical position, that is to say its longitudinal extent corresponds to the direction of the longitudinal extent of the lateral anchoring opening of the container 3 (FIG. 10E).
  • the locking pin 59 is inserted into the locking bore of the head 53 of the blind twist lock 6, so that the head 53 can not be rotated into the inserted position, but is held in its locking position by positive engagement with the locking pin 59.
  • the axis 55 is rotated by approximately 45 °, so that the plate-shaped locking head 57 of the cross element 33 comes into a position in which its longitudinal extension in the direction of the longitudinal extension of the lateral anchoring opening of the container 3 runs ( Figure 10F). In this position, the locking head 58 engages behind the lateral anchoring opening of the container 3 at an angle of approximately 45 ° to the vertical, so that the transverse element 33 cannot be removed from this lateral anchoring opening or cannot fall out.
  • the outer container 3 is then brought up to the middle container 1, and the locking head 57 of the cross element 33 reaches the lower lateral anchoring opening of the container 1 (FIG. 10G).
  • the locking head 57 then comes into its locking position, in which its longitudinal extension extends essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the lateral anchoring opening of the container 1 and in which the locking head 58 has moved into its locking position, in which he engages behind the edge of the lower lateral anchoring opening of the container 3 at an angle of 45 ° to the vertical, but by 90 ° with respect to the position shown in FIG. 10G (FIG. 10H).
  • FIGS. 11A to 11H the insertion of a blind twist lock corresponding to FIGS. 22 and 23 and a transverse element corresponding to FIGS. 31 to 33 is shown in the area of the upper corner of an upper container, in which case the insertion into the upper inner corner of the container 3 ′ and the coupling with the upper associated corner of the container 1 'of a transport unit according to Figure 5E is shown.
  • the same or corresponding parts of the blind twist lock and the cross element are identified by the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 10A to 10H and additionally by.
  • the sequence of inserting blind twist lock 10 and cross element 35 and the coupling with container 1 corresponds exactly to the sequence as described with reference to FIGS. 10A to 10H.
  • FIGS. 12A to 12D show the assembly of a transport unit according to FIG. 1 in details corresponding to FIGS. 10A to 10H and 11A to 11H.
  • the flow chart essentially corresponds to the flow chart from FIGS. 5A to 5E, and the same reference numerals have been used for the same parts.
  • the container units in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 12A to 12D each consist of only one container and not, as in FIGS. 5A to 5E, two containers, the upper blind twist locks in FIGS. 12A to 12D are additionally marked with '.
  • the transport unit produced in this way can be gripped by a spreader 22 (FIG. 4) in the region of the anchoring openings in the upper surface of the middle container 1 and raised after unlocking the twistlocks 16, 17 located on the vehicle 23. whereby the transport unit can be transported as a result of the central attack without the risk of tipping over.
  • the middle twist lock 41 has two locking heads 61, 63 which are seated on a common axis extending through the plate 60 and which are aligned identically, i.e. their longitudinal axes run parallel to each other.
  • a locking bore 62 is also provided on the locking head 61, the longitudinal axis of which runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the locking heads 61 and 63.
  • the middle twist lock 41 is inserted into an anchoring opening in the upper surface of the container 3 in the manner shown in FIG. 20A, that is to say by the locking device having the locking bore 62 gelungskopf 61, as usual with twistlocks, with its longitudinal extension in the direction of the longitudinal extension of the anchoring opening is inserted into the anchoring opening.
  • the longitudinal axis of the locking head 63 of the middle twist lock is also directed in the direction of the longitudinal extension of the anchoring opening, so that the locking head 63 can enter the associated anchoring opening in the lower surface of this container when the upper container 3 'is placed on it (FIG. 13B ).
  • the axis of the twistlock 41 is rotated by 90 °, so that the locking heads 61 and 63 come into their position behind the associated anchoring openings and the axis of the locking hole 62 extends perpendicular to the plane of the adjacent lateral anchoring opening.
  • a cross element 34 is used, which in this case has the shape of a twist lock corresponding to FIG. 39.
  • the structure of this twistlock essentially corresponds to the twistlock with a head according to FIGS. 31 to 33, as was used in connection with the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 10A to 10H and 11A to 11H, but has on its axis 65 which extends through the plate 66 each have a locking pin 70 and 69 extending beyond a locking head 67 and 68. Since the arrangement of the locking heads 67 and 68 and the pin 69 corresponds to the arrangement of the locking heads 57 and 58 and the locking pin 59 from FIGS.
  • this twistlock also used in the same way, brought into locking engagement with the locking bore 62 of the middle twist lock 41 and locked, as was described in connection with FIGS. 10A to 10H. As can be seen, this corresponds to resulting position of the twistlock 34 in FIG. 13F exactly the position of the twistlock forming the cross element from FIG. 10F.
  • the container 1 is then brought up, which in the present case is coupled to the container 1 'by means of the middle twist lock 40' to form a container unit.
  • the middle twist lock 40 is constructed in exactly the same way as the middle twist lock 41 described above and the same parts are identified by the same reference numerals and additionally by '.
  • FIGS. 14A to 14I show in detail in accordance with FIGS. 10A to 10H, 11A to 11H, 12A to 12C and 13A to 13H the assembly of a transport unit from FIG. 2 in the steps according to FIGS. 5A to 5E.
  • the same reference numerals were used as in Figures 5A to 5E.
  • the components used correspond to those 10A to 10H, 11A to 11H and 13A to 13H.
  • the blind twist locks to be inserted into the anchoring openings of the lower surfaces of a container have differently shaped plates than the blind twist locks to be inserted into the anchoring openings in the upper surface of a container, and the shape of these plates is indicated, for example, in FIGS. 22 to 24.
  • This configuration of the plates results in an arrangement as shown in FIG. 15 when two transport units are placed one on top of the other.
  • This structure consists of two identical transport units according to FIG. 12D, and the same parts as in FIG. 12D are identified by the same reference numerals.
  • the plates of the blind twist locks 8 ', 9', 10 'and 11' used in the upper surfaces of the containers 2 and 3 of the lower transport unit have plates in the central openings of the plates in the lower surfaces of the containers 2, 3 of the upper transport unit inserted blind twist locks 4, 5, 6, 7 protrude so that the upper transport unit with the plates of its lower blind twist locks 4, 5, 6, 7 are supported on the upper surfaces of the containers 2, 3 of the lower transport unit.
  • the distance between the two transport units is therefore determined solely by the height of the plates of the lower blind twist locks 4, 5, 6.
  • FIGS. 13A to 13H and also in FIGS. 14A to 14J cross elements according to FIG. 39 were used for the coupling of adjacent containers in the area of middle twist locks
  • a cross element is used for this case in FIG. 16, as is shown in FIGS. 31 to 33 and is also shown in FIGS. 40 and 41 and as has already been used in FIGS. 10A to 10H and 11A to 11H.
  • FIGS. 11H and 10H were therefore shown again as FIGS. 17 and 18 in addition to FIG. 16.
  • the middle twist locks 40 and 41 are shown in the position according to FIG. 13H together with a transverse element in the form of a twist lock 34, the basic structure of which corresponds to the twist lock 34 from FIGS. 13D to 13H and which also corresponds in the position according to FIG 13H is located, in which, however, a locking pin projecting over a locking head is only present on one side. Since this twistlock has the same structure as the twistlock used in FIGS. 17 and 18, the same reference numerals as in FIG. 18 have also been used. It can be seen that the locking pin 59 is in engagement with the locking hole of the middle twist lock 41, while no locking pin extends into the locking hole of the middle twist lock 40.
  • the locking head 57 and the locking head 61 'of the Mitteltwistlocks 40 can, however, be designed so that in the set state a rotation of the locking head 61 'is prevented ( Figures 40 and 41), so that the locking head 61' and thus the locking head 63 'can not be rotated into the inserted position as long as the locking head 57 of the twist lock 34 in the side anchoring opening of the lower container 1 of the middle container unit 1, 1 '.
  • FIG. 19 shows, in a representation corresponding to FIG. 10H, the locking position of a double function cross element, for example the double function cross element from FIG. 45, inserted into the lower 3 lateral anchoring openings of the lower containers 1, 3 of two adjacent container units.
  • a double function cross element for example the double function cross element from FIG. 45
  • the double function cross element 51 consists, as shown, of two partial elements 71 and 72 which are coupled to one another in a guide 73, for example a dovetail guide, so that they can be moved back and forth to a limited extent in the direction of the longitudinal extent of the containers.
  • a rotatable locking head 74 sits on the partial element 71 and is located in the locking position in FIG. 19.
  • a locking head 75 is attached to the sub-element 72 and can be rotated independently of the locking head 74 and is also in the locking position in FIG. 19.
  • a locking pin 76 extends beyond the locking head 75 and engages with the locking bore of the blind twist lock 56, as was described for the locking pin 59 in connection with FIGS. 10A to 10H.
  • FIGS. 20 and 21 the middle twist lock 41, which has already been explained several times, is once again in its lock shown position, wherein Figure 20 schematically shows a side view, ie a view towards the side surfaces of the containers 3, 3 'and Figure 21 an end view, that is, the view already shown in the direction of the end faces of the containers 3, 3'. As can be seen, the locking heads 61 and 63 are in the locking position already described.
  • a collar 64, 65 is usually present between each locking head 61, 63 and the plate 60 (see also FIGS. 34 and 35). These collars are in the inserted state in the area of the associated anchoring openings and thus bring about a positioning in the planes of these anchoring openings. As indicated in FIG. 20, the dimensions of the lower collar 64 are essentially adapted to the dimensions of the associated anchoring opening, so that after insertion into the anchoring opening in the upper surface of the container 3, the middle twist lock is positioned essentially immovably in the plane of the anchoring opening. In this way, a defined, fixed position of the middle twist lock is determined.
  • the upper collar 65 has significantly smaller dimensions than the lower collar 64, so that when the container 3 'is placed on the container 3 not only an easier insertion of the anchoring head 63 and the collar 65 as well as the anchoring heads and collars of the rest into the anchoring openings in the upper surface of the container 3 used Mitteltwistlocks can take place, but also no difficulties arise from the fact that the distances between the individual anchoring openings and also their dimensions can be different within predetermined tolerance ranges.
  • FIGS. 22 and 23 show the structure of a blind twist lock as used, for example, as an upper blind twist lock 10 'in a container 3 of a lower transport unit according to FIG. 15.
  • This blind twist lock has a plate 80 which is integrally connected to a collar 81 which is inserted into an anchoring opening in the upper surface of the container 3 and whose shape corresponds essentially to the shape of this anchoring opening, while the plate 80 is rectangular and, as shown , in the edge areas of the anchoring opening on the upper surface of the container 3.
  • a central opening 83 extends through the plate 80 and the collar 81 and forms an annular shoulder 85.
  • a stop pin 86 is attached to the lower surface of the collar 81 and extends downward, the function of which will be explained later.
  • the head 82 of the blind twist lock has a length that is less than the length of the anchor opening and a width that is less than the width of the anchor opening, but the length of the head 82 is greater than the width of the anchor opening.
  • a pin 89 is fastened, which has the shape of a hexagon 90 at its free end and has a threaded section below it.
  • the pin 89 extends into the central opening 83 of the plate 80 and the collar 81, and a fastening plate 91 is screwed onto its threaded section and is supported on the annular shoulder 85 of the central opening 83.
  • the mounting plate 91 is secured in the usual way by means of a grub screw 97.
  • the pin 89 surrounds.
  • This coil spring is at an angled end 93 in engagement with a bore 84 in the bottom of the collar 81 and at its other angled end 94 in engagement with a bore 95 in the mounting plate 91, which non-rotatably engages with the polygonal end of the pin 89 by positive engagement this is held.
  • the helical spring 92 exerts a force on the collar 81 and thus on the plate 80 and on the fastening plate 91 on the one hand on the pin 89 and thus on the head 82, by means of which the head is rotated clockwise in FIG.
  • the head 82 is gripped by means of an appropriate tool on the hexagon 90 against the force of the spring 92 with respect to the plate 80 and the collar 81 in FIG. 23 rotated counterclockwise until the stop pin 86 comes to rest in the recess 88 in the head 82 and thus prevents further rotation.
  • the longitudinal extension of the head 82 extends in the same direction as the longitudinal extension of the collar 81, i.e. in a position rotated by 90 ° with respect to the position from FIGS. 22 and 23, so that the blind twist lock is removed from the anchoring opening or into an anchoring opening can be used.
  • the head becomes 82 rotated back into the position shown by the action of the spring 92, which is the locking position of the blind twist lock.
  • the head 82 of the blind twist lock has a locking bore 87, the longitudinal axis of which runs perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the head 82 and in the direction of its longitudinal extent.
  • a locking pin of a cross element extends into this locking bore, as is indicated schematically for the cross element 34 in FIG. 15.
  • the locking hole 87 is a through hole that tapers toward the center from both ends. The tapering simplifies the insertion of the locking pin, while the symmetrical design as a through hole makes it possible for the blind twist lock to be inserted into the anchoring opening in either of its two insertion positions.
  • the central axis of the locking bore 87 is somewhat lower than the center of the adjacent lateral anchoring opening when the blind twist lock is inserted. Therefore, if a cross member with its locking pin is inserted into the locking hole 87, the locking pin 87 supports the cross member against tipping due to the weight of its portion protruding from the side anchoring opening and holds this portion in a substantially horizontal position so that the insertion into one lateral anchoring opening of another container is simplified.
  • FIG. 24 a blind twist lock for insertion into an anchoring opening in the lower surface of a container is simplified compared to FIGS. 22 and 23 shown, which can be, for example, the blind twist lock 6 of the container 3 of the upper transport unit from Figure 15.
  • the same or corresponding parts of the blind twist lock from FIG. 24 are identified by the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 22 and 23 and additionally by '.
  • the blind twist lock according to FIG. 24 inserted into the lower anchoring opening is in the locking position, that is to say in the position according to FIGS. 22 and 23. It differs from this blind twist lock only by the design of its plate 80 ', which has a significantly larger central opening than the plate 80 from FIGS. 22 and 23.
  • This central opening, as indicated in FIGS. 22 to 24, is so large that the plate 80 of the blind twist lock from FIGS. 22 and 23 fits completely into this central opening, so that the lower surface of the plate 80 'Of the blind twist lock rests on the upper surface of the lower container, so the dimensions of the plate 80 of the upper blind twist lock do not affect the distance between the two containers 3.
  • the blind element which is shown in FIGS. 25 to 28 in the locked state inserted into an upper anchoring opening, is also held in its locked position by spring force.
  • parts corresponding to the parts of the blind twist locks from FIGS. 22 and 23 are denoted by the same reference symbols and additionally the letter "a".
  • the blind element shown has a plate 80a, a collar 81a and a head 82a, which are all formed in one piece.
  • the head essentially has the shape of the anchoring opening indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIGS. 26 and 28, while the collar 81a is cut away in the region of the diagonally opposite sections of the head 82a that engage behind the edge region of the anchoring opening in the locked state (FIG. 28).
  • the head 82a can therefore be inserted into the anchoring opening in the orientation thereof and then rotated into the position according to FIG. 28, in which it engages behind regions of the anchoring opening, while edge regions of the collar 81a rest against the opening edge.
  • a through bore 87a tapering towards the center, which, as indicated in FIG. 27, serves to receive a locking pin of a cross element.
  • An essentially L-shaped support lever (84a) is pivotably mounted in a recess 83a in the collar 81a on a stationary axis 89a.
  • a coil spring 92a is attached to the shorter leg of the support lever 84a and is attached at its other end to a stationary holding pin 91a.
  • a stationary pin 86a serves as a stop to limit the pivoting movement of the support lever 84a by the force of the spring 92a.
  • the blind element according to FIGS. 25 to 28 is covered by aligning its head 82a Lich the anchoring opening used in this, the support lever 84a is pivoted against the force of the spring in the dash-dotted position in Figure 28. If the support lever 84a is released in the inserted state, it is pivoted by the spring 92a into the position shown in FIGS. 26 and 28, in which it is supported with the outside of its longer leg on the boundary wall of the anchoring opening and thus the blind element shown in FIG Locked position twisted.
  • the support lever 84a needs to be brought back into the dot-dash position according to FIG. 28, for example by correspondingly rotating the dummy element by engaging the plate 80a, whereupon the collar 81a and the head 82a can then be removed from the anchoring opening.
  • FIGS. 29 and 30 show a blind element corresponding to the blind element from FIGS. 25 to 28, which is inserted into a lower anchoring opening.
  • the plate 80'a of the blind element according to Figures 29 and 30 has a recess corresponding to the recess in the plate 80 'of the blind twist lock from Figure 24, so that the stacking of containers in the area of these blind elements in the same The manner is as shown in FIG. 24 and described in connection with this.
  • FIGS. 31 to 33 A cross element with a locking pin, as it is indicated in the locking hole tion 87 or the locking bore 87 'or the locking bore 87a in the blind twist lock according to FIGS. 22 and 23 or FIG. 24 or in the blind element according to 25 to 28 is shown in FIGS. 31 to 33.
  • the cross element is in the form of a twistlock with a plate 98 and integrally formed with this collar 99 and 100 provided on opposite sides of the plate 98. These collars, as indicated in FIG. 17, extend into upper anchoring openings in the side walls of the two lower containers 3 and 1 neighboring container units.
  • An axis 101 runs through a central bore in the element composed of plate 98 and collar 99, 100 and can be freely rotated in this central bore and carries a locking head 102 at the end adjacent to collar 100 and a locking head 103 adjacent to collar 99.
  • the two locking heads essentially have the circumferential shape of an anchoring opening, so that they can be inserted into them in a predetermined position. However, they are arranged on the axis 101 with respect to their longitudinal extensions offset by approximately 45 ° in the circumferential direction.
  • a locking pin 104 extends beyond the locking head 103 in a continuation of the axis 101 and, in the arrangement according to FIG.
  • the locking head 102 is designed so that it does not hinder the insertion of the locking head of a hoist in the adjacent, in the upper surface of the container 1 'located anchoring opening.
  • the locking head 103 is essentially in a position brought to the shape of the anchoring opening corresponding collar 99, in which the longitudinal extension of the locking head 103 runs parallel to the longitudinal extension of the collar 99. In this position, the twistlock can be inserted into the lateral anchoring opening in the container 3 and can thereby be brought into engagement with the locking bore 87 of the previously used blind twistlock.
  • the axis 101 is rotated by approximately 45 °, so that the locking head 103 moves into a pre-locking position, ie the locking head 103 is in a position rotated by 45 ° with respect to the vertical, in which it engages behind edge regions of the anchoring opening , so that the twist lock cannot fall out of the side anchoring opening of the container 3.
  • the locking head 102 is oriented such that its longitudinal extension runs parallel to the longitudinal extension of the collar 100, which is also shaped according to an anchoring opening, so that the locking head 102 and collar 100 can be inserted into a lateral anchoring opening of the adjacent container 1.
  • the axis 101 is further rotated in the direction of the previously performed rotation and by a further 90 °.
  • a recess not shown, in the collar, through which a bore 105 in the axis 101 is accessible.
  • a lever is inserted into this bore 101, with the aid of which the rotation of the axis 101 and thus of the two locking heads 102 and 103 can be carried out, the shape of the recess usually limiting the degree of the possible rotation.
  • FIGS. 34 and 35 show a middle twist lock as used, for example, as middle twist lock 41 according to FIG. 16.
  • This middle twist lock has a plate 106 and integrally formed with this, arranged on opposite sides of collars 108, 107, the lower collar 107 in the manner described in connection with Figures 20 and 21 relatively closely to the shape of the anchoring opening in the upper surface of the Container 3 is adapted, while the dimensions of the collar 108 are significantly smaller, so that it fits with play in the anchoring opening in the lower surface of the container 3 '.
  • An axis 109 extends through the unit consisting of plate 116 and collar 107 and 108, at the lower end of which a locking head 111 with a locking bore 115 is fastened.
  • the shape and structure of the locking head 111 with the locking hole 115 provided in it correspond to the shape and structure of the head 82 with locking hole 87 of the blind twist lock in FIG. 22.
  • a locking head 110 is fastened, which has the shape of a twistlock Has locking head, so is essentially adapted in its circumferential shape to the circumferential shape of the associated anchoring opening, so that it is aligned with its longitudinal Extension parallel to the longitudinal extent of the adjacent collar can be inserted together with this into the anchoring opening.
  • the middle twist lock is locked, i.e. the longitudinal extensions of locking head 111 and locking head 110, which run parallel to one another, run perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the anchoring openings.
  • the plate 106 there is a cutout 113 running in the circumferential direction, through which an opening 112 in the axis 109 is accessible.
  • the axis 109 can be moved between the position shown and a position rotated by 90 °, in which the longitudinal extensions of the locking head 111 and locking head 110 run parallel to the longitudinal extensions of the collars 107, 108, so that the Mitteltwistlock can be removed from the anchoring openings.
  • FIGS. 36 to 38 A differently constructed middle twist lock is shown in FIGS. 36 to 38, and corresponding parts of this twist lock are identified by the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 34 and 35 and additionally by the letter "a".
  • the plate 106a, the upper collar 108a and the lower collar 107a are formed in one piece with the locking head 111a.
  • An axis 109a extends through this and carries a locking head 110a at its upper end.
  • the axis 109a can be inserted through a bore indicated in FIG. 36 in the lower locking head 111a until it has an annular shoulder on a bore sentence is applied. Then the axis 109a of the locking head 110a is attached to the upper end.
  • the axis 109a can be rotated via an opening 112a provided in it and accessible through a cutout 113a in the collar 106a by means of an inserted tool, so that the locking head 110a can be moved between an inserted position and a locking position.
  • the axis 109a extends into the locking head 111a and has a through hole at its lower end, which in the locking position of the locking head 110a is aligned with the holes 115a in the locking head 111a and thus has a through hole corresponding to the through hole 115 in the middle twist lock according to the figures Form 34 and 35. A locking pin inserted into this then also prevents the upper locking head 110a from rotating from the locked position into the inserted position.
  • the plate 106a, the collar 107 and the locking head 111a are otherwise designed in accordance with the plate, the collar and the locking head of the blind twist lock according to FIG. 25 and can therefore be inserted by aligning the locking head 111a onto the anchoring opening in the container 3 and then by twisting into the can be brought into the locking position shown in FIG. 38, in which the locking head 111a engages behind the anchoring opening with regions lying diagonally opposite one another, while the collar 107a lies against the boundary wall of the anchoring opening.
  • the upper collar 108a is oriented such that it can be inserted into an anchoring opening when the locking head 110a is in the inserted position.
  • the middle twist lock according to figures also has 36 to 38, the upper collar 108a has smaller dimensions than the lower collar 107a, so that the displacement described in connection with FIGS. 20 and 21 is possible.
  • FIG. 39 shows a twistlock serving as a transverse element, which corresponds in its basic structure to the twistlock according to FIG. 31, and the same parts are denoted in FIG. 39 with the same reference symbols and additionally with '.
  • the twist lock according to FIG. 39 has a locking pin 102' which extends coaxially to the axis 101 'and is somewhat shorter than the locking pin 104' present on the opposite side.
  • the additional locking pin 102 ⁇ serves, as indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 39, to secure the lower locking head of a middle twist lock inserted into the adjacent anchoring opening in the upper surface of the container 1 by engagement with the locking hole provided in its locking head against rotation from the locking position.
  • the assembly and the function of such a twistlock has already been described in connection with the twistlocks 31 and 34 from FIGS. 14D to 14I.
  • the locking head 102 of the twistlock from FIG. 31 is shown in the locking position in partial views. It can be seen that the torsion circle K indicated in dashed lines in FIG. 41 of the lower locking head of a middle twist lock located in the locked position (FIGS. 34 and 35) runs through the locking head 102, so that the locking head of the middle twist lock does not can be rotated from its locking position, because it comes to a blocking contact with the locking head 102 during this rotational movement. The associated middle twist lock can therefore only be removed if the twist lock having the locking head 102 has previously been removed from the adjacent anchoring opening.
  • a double-function cross element such as can be used, for example, as a double-function cross element 51 in FIG. 19, is shown in FIGS. 42 to 44.
  • This double function cross element consists of two parts which are connected to one another by a dovetail guide 129, 138.
  • a collar 130 adjoins the receptacle 129 of the dovetail guide, which serves as a plate of the double-function cross element, the shape of which is essentially adapted to the shape of a lateral lower anchoring opening of the container 3, but has a bevel 130a in the lower region, the function of which will be described later.
  • a collar 131 adjoins the collar 130 and has an upwardly extending projection 132 which, as can be seen in particular in FIG. 42, engages behind the edge region above the anchoring opening.
  • On the underside of the support section 133 there is a horizontal support surface 133 in the assembled state, which is supported on a support surface 148 on the head of a blind twist lock to be described.
  • a collar 140 adjoins the inserted guide 138, the peripheral shape of which is essentially the same as the peripheral shape corresponds to the lower lateral anchoring opening of the container 1 (FIG. 42).
  • An axis 142 extends through the collar 140 and is held in a recess in the inserted guide 138 against axial displacement by means of a threaded bushing 143 which is screwed onto its end.
  • a locking head 141 the shape of which corresponds, for example, to the shape of the locking head 102 from FIG.
  • the locking head 141 In the position shown in FIGS. 42 and 44, the locking head 141 is in the inserted position.
  • the axis 142 By rotation by means of a tool, which is brought into engagement with the bore 144 in the threaded bush 143 through a cutout (not shown), the axis 142 can be rotated and so on the locking head 141 can be brought into its locking position offset by 90 °.
  • a bore 134 extends through the receiving guide 129, the collar 130 and the support section 131 parallel to the axis 142 and has the shape of a threaded hole in the region of the support section 131.
  • a bolt element 136 with its threaded section 137 is screwed into it.
  • a bore 145 running parallel to the axis 142, which is aligned with the bore 134 when the inserted insert 138 is displaced downward in FIG. 44 until it rests against the boundary of the guide.
  • the bolt element 136 can therefore be rotated through the bore 145 through engagement with a tool, not shown, in the receiving recess indicated at the end of the bolt element 136 so that it either in the manner indicated in FIGS. 42 and 44 over the support section 131 protrudes or is completely screwed into it, so that the free end of the bolt 136 is then in the bore 145 and the inserted guide 138 cannot be displaced.
  • the illustrated double-function cross element can be used, for example, in connection with a blind twist lock, the head of which is configured differently from the heads of the previously described blind twist locks (in the sectional illustration according to FIG. 43, the head of the blind twist lock was used for simplification omitted).
  • the head of the blind twist lock has a support area 146, which can be connected in the same way as the head of the previously described blind twist lock to the collar and the plate, not shown, and which is shown in FIGS. 42 and 44 in the locking position.
  • a tapering head portion 147 extends from the support area 146.
  • the support surface 148 On diagonally opposite sides of the head portion 147 there are recesses 149, 149 '. As can be seen, the free end of the threaded portion 137 of the bolt element 136 extends into the recess 149 in the illustrated state and thus blocks the head of the blind twist lock against rotation.
  • the bolt element 136 is brought into the position in which it does not protrude over the support section 131, but rather into the bore 145 extends.
  • the support section 131 is inserted into the corresponding lower lateral anchoring opening of the container 3 and brought into the position according to FIG. 42, the insertion into the position in which the section 132 engages behind the upper edge region of the anchoring opening the bevel 130a on the collar 130 is made possible, which enables the insertion of the support section 131 in an arcuate movement from bottom to top.
  • the blind twist lock is used, so that the support surface 133 of the support section 131 is supported on the support surface 148 of the support area 146 of the head of the blind twist lock and the double function cross element is no longer removed from the anchoring opening in the container 3 can.
  • the bolt element 136 is displaced by rotation so that it extends into the recess 149 in the head of the blind twist lock (FIGS. 42 and 44), whereby the blind twist lock is secured on the one hand against rotation and thus against removal from the anchoring opening and on the other hand the bolt 136 extends comes to the area of the opening 145, so that the inserted guide 138 can be moved within the dovetail guide.
  • the locking head 141 and collar 140 are then inserted into a lower anchoring opening of the container 1. If the locking head 141 and collar 140 are in engagement with the associated anchoring opening in the container 1, the container can 1 with respect to the container 3 in the direction of its longitudinal extent, to the extent that 129 'and collar 130' extends a rotatably supported axis 150 which carries a locking head 151 and a locking pin 152, which correspond to the locking head 103 and the locking pin 104 of Figure 31, the locking pin 152 in this case in engagement with the head of a Blind twistlocks is as shown in Figure 24.
  • the axis 150 is secured against axial displacement by means of an attached threaded ring which is secured against rotation in the usual way on the axis 150 by a grub screw, not shown, and cannot be pulled out in the direction of the collar 130 'from the receiving guide 129', because the ring body 153 rests on an annular shoulder of the collar 150.
  • the locking head 151 can be rotated in the same way as the locking head 141 'by means of a lever 161, which is inserted through a recess 160 in the receiving guide 129' into a bore, not shown, in the ring element 153 between the inserted position and the locked position, whereby the locking head 151 is in the position shown in the locking position.
  • transverse elements can also be used, which absorb the forces that occur in the coupling of adjacent containers or container units and act in the plane of the respective container side wall, while the transverse and diagonal forces are generated solely by diagonal and provided on the end faces of the container units / or transverse lashings are included (see Figures 6 to 8).
  • Such a transverse element is shown in FIGS. 48 and 49, in which case in FIG. 49 a lateral upper anchoring opening of the container 1 is shown in dash-dot lines.
  • the cross element according to FIGS. 48 and 49 can be, for example, the cross element 34 'from Figure 6, which is in positive engagement with the lower locking head of the middle twist lock 41, which can be, for example, a middle twist lock according to Figures 34 and 35.
  • the cross element shown has a plate 170, to which a collar 172 connects in one piece on one side, which, as shown in FIG. 48, is extended in the form of a pin beyond the associated anchoring opening, so that in the inserted state it protrudes beyond the anchoring opening in the container 1 .
  • a collar 171 On the side of the plate 170 opposite the collar 172 there is a collar 171 which is also formed in one piece with the plate 170.
  • a rotatable axis 173 extends through the plate 170 and the collar 171 and carries a locking head 174 on its area adjacent to the collar 171, beyond which a pin 175 extends.
  • the axis is fastened by means of a threaded ring 176 in a similar manner to the axis 150 of the double-function cross element from FIGS. 45 to 47.
  • a bore 178 is present in the axis, into which over a cutout (not shown) in the plate 170, a lever can be inserted, with the aid of which the axis 173 is rotated and the locking head 174 can thus be moved between its inserted position and its locking position.
  • the collar 172 As can be seen in particular in FIG. 49, the collar 172, with its peg-shaped extension, has approximately a width dimension that corresponds to the width dimension of the lateral anchoring opening, while its height dimension is significantly smaller than the height of the anchoring opening. This allows the tolerances of the position of the lateral anchoring openings to be compensated for in height.
  • the cross element according to FIGS. 48 and 49 can also be used in the manner described for coupling in the region of the upper lateral anchoring openings of the upper containers, for example containers 1 'and 3' from FIG. 2.
  • the pin 175 then comes into engagement with the locking head of a blind twist lock, for example according to FIGS. 22 and 23, or of a blind element according to FIGS. 25 to 28.
  • the pin 175 can only engage a locking head of a lifting device therein Prevent area.
  • FIGS. 50 to 55 A preferred way of overcoming these difficulties when assembling two container units is shown in FIGS. 50 to 55.
  • a transport unit is shown schematically, which essentially corresponds to the transport unit from Figure 14I, the outer container unit 2, 2 'already by means of transverse elements 31 and 32 brought into the locking position, such as transverse elements according to Figures 39 and 31 and double-function transverse elements 51, approximately 45 to 47 is coupled to the container unit 1, 1 '.
  • 3' guide elements 180, 181 and 182, 183 are attached to the upper corner fittings of the containers 1 and 1 'in the region of the container end faces, of which the guide elements 180 and 181 by means extending in the upper end-side anchoring openings of the container 1, not shown holding elements 192, 193 are attached to the container 1, while the guide elements 182 and 183 with in the upper surface of the container 1 'provided anchoring openings engaging holding elements 190, 191 and with holding elements 188 and 189 (FIG. 52) engaging in the end-side anchoring openings are fastened to the container 1 '.
  • the holding elements 182 and 183 on the upper surface of the container 1 'lying plate portions 186 and 187 which, as Figure 51 shows, protrude beyond the side wall of the container 1', but are cut out so that the neighboring ones in the upper Surface of the container 3 'located blind twist locks (10 in Figure 51) at Approach the container unit 3, 3 'remain outside the area of the plate sections 186, 187.
  • each guide element has a guide surface which extends in FIG. 51 in the direction of the container unit 3, 3 'and obliquely outwards.
  • the guide element 182 has a guide surface 184 and the guide element 183 has a guide surface 185 (FIG. 52), and the guide elements 180 and 181 are designed accordingly.
  • the containers 1, 1 'of the middle container unit are dashed and the containers 3, 3' of the side container unit are indicated in solid lines.
  • the guide elements 180 and 181 align the upper end face regions of the containers 1 and 3 and the guide elements 182 and 183 the upper end face regions of the container 1 'and 3' when moving the container unit 3, 3 'to the container unit 1, 1' to one another , so that the transverse elements present here (eg 34 and 35 according to FIG. 14I) with their ends protruding from the anchoring openings of the containers 3 and 3 'precisely aligned with the associated anchoring openings of the containers 1, 1' and can thus be inserted into them.
  • a corresponding shifting or misalignment of anchoring openings can also result in the lower region of these containers as a result of the positions of the lateral anchoring openings deviating within the tolerance range, as is indicated in FIG. 52, in which the lower lateral anchoring openings of the container 3 are offset to the right with respect to the lateral anchoring openings of the container 1.
  • This offset is, as can be seen in Figure 55, compensated for by the use of double-function transverse elements 51 ', the two parts of which are displaced relative to one another in the direction of the longitudinal extent of the containers.
  • the guide elements 180 and 181 can remain on the transport unit during transport, but that it is absolutely necessary to remove the guide elements 182 and 183 so that the anchoring openings for the engagement present in the upper surface of the container unit 1, 1 ' are free of locking heads of hoists.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
EP88730001A 1988-01-01 1988-01-01 Méthode de verrouillage d'au moins deux conteneurs ISO pour former une unité de transport ainsi que l'unité de transport Withdrawn EP0323394A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP88730001A EP0323394A1 (fr) 1988-01-01 1988-01-01 Méthode de verrouillage d'au moins deux conteneurs ISO pour former une unité de transport ainsi que l'unité de transport

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP88730001A EP0323394A1 (fr) 1988-01-01 1988-01-01 Méthode de verrouillage d'au moins deux conteneurs ISO pour former une unité de transport ainsi que l'unité de transport

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0323394A1 true EP0323394A1 (fr) 1989-07-05

Family

ID=8200542

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88730001A Withdrawn EP0323394A1 (fr) 1988-01-01 1988-01-01 Méthode de verrouillage d'au moins deux conteneurs ISO pour former une unité de transport ainsi que l'unité de transport

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0323394A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2246161A (en) * 1990-07-06 1992-01-22 Blair George Ltd Means for securing freight containers together
AU669792B2 (en) * 1993-05-20 1996-06-20 Steel Bros. (Nz) Limited Link for connecting two loads
WO1997007007A1 (fr) * 1993-02-01 1997-02-27 Mind - E.M.S.G. Ltd. Systeme et appareil de transport de fret
DE102014109700A1 (de) 2014-07-10 2016-01-14 Terex Mhps Gmbh Schwerlast-Transportfahrzeug für Container, insbesondere ISO-Container, und Verfahren zum Beladen desselben

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1552977A (fr) * 1967-02-21 1969-01-10
GB1188285A (en) * 1966-04-15 1970-04-15 Vickers Ltd Improvements in or relating to Containers
DE2223650A1 (de) * 1971-05-17 1972-12-07 Avco Corp Container-Baukastensystem
DE2153933A1 (de) * 1971-10-29 1973-05-03 Line Fast Corp Vorrichtung zum verbinden zweier container
WO1987004994A1 (fr) * 1986-02-21 1987-08-27 Tcs Containers Pty Ltd. Conteneurs pour cargaisons
EP0251991A1 (fr) * 1986-06-28 1988-01-07 Dieter Borchardt Méthode de verrouillage d'au moins deux conteneurs ISO pour former une unité de transport ainsi qu'unité de transport

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1188285A (en) * 1966-04-15 1970-04-15 Vickers Ltd Improvements in or relating to Containers
FR1552977A (fr) * 1967-02-21 1969-01-10
DE2223650A1 (de) * 1971-05-17 1972-12-07 Avco Corp Container-Baukastensystem
DE2153933A1 (de) * 1971-10-29 1973-05-03 Line Fast Corp Vorrichtung zum verbinden zweier container
WO1987004994A1 (fr) * 1986-02-21 1987-08-27 Tcs Containers Pty Ltd. Conteneurs pour cargaisons
EP0251991A1 (fr) * 1986-06-28 1988-01-07 Dieter Borchardt Méthode de verrouillage d'au moins deux conteneurs ISO pour former une unité de transport ainsi qu'unité de transport

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2246161A (en) * 1990-07-06 1992-01-22 Blair George Ltd Means for securing freight containers together
GB2246161B (en) * 1990-07-06 1994-01-05 Blair George Ltd Means for securing freight containers together
WO1997007007A1 (fr) * 1993-02-01 1997-02-27 Mind - E.M.S.G. Ltd. Systeme et appareil de transport de fret
AU669792B2 (en) * 1993-05-20 1996-06-20 Steel Bros. (Nz) Limited Link for connecting two loads
DE102014109700A1 (de) 2014-07-10 2016-01-14 Terex Mhps Gmbh Schwerlast-Transportfahrzeug für Container, insbesondere ISO-Container, und Verfahren zum Beladen desselben

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0251991A1 (fr) Méthode de verrouillage d'au moins deux conteneurs ISO pour former une unité de transport ainsi qu'unité de transport
EP2423046B1 (fr) Dispositif de sécurisation de charges lourdes
EP0477887A1 (fr) Pièce d'accouplement pour conteneurs
DE4404392C2 (de) Drehverriegelung zum lösbaren Verbinden von Eckbeschlägen aufeinanderstehender Container
DE29723812U1 (de) Verriegelungsvorrichtung zum Verbinden von Containern
EP0189054A2 (fr) Dispositif de fixation d'un conteneur
DE102004031466B4 (de) Vorrichtung zur Aufnahme von Gütern
EP0323394A1 (fr) Méthode de verrouillage d'au moins deux conteneurs ISO pour former une unité de transport ainsi que l'unité de transport
WO2005054086A1 (fr) Piece d'accouplement, et procede d'accouplement et de desaccouplement de pieces d'accouplement pour relier des conteneurs de maniere liberable
EP0323623B1 (fr) Méthode de verrouillage d'au moins deux couches de conteneurs ISO, chacune en nombre impair, pour former une unité de transport ainsi qu'une telle unité de transport
EP1089925B1 (fr) Piece d'accouplement pour l'assemblage de deux conteneurs superposes
DE19933424A1 (de) Staustück zur Lagesicherung von Containern an Bord von Schiffen
EP1121310B1 (fr) Procede pour fixer un conteneur sur un conteneur situe en dessous ou element de transport
DE8101528U1 (de) Passives Containerverriegelungselement
DE102004012838A1 (de) Selbsttätig sperrende und lösende Verbindungsbaugruppe
DE3939225C2 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Sichern von Containern auf Schiffen
EP1194353B1 (fr) Pieces d'arrimage pour maintenir des conteneurs en place a bord de bateaux et procede pour arrimer des conteneurs
DE2212984A1 (de) Kupplung zur Verbindung zweier Teile
DE10105785A1 (de) Vorrichtung zum Verriegeln übereinander angeordneter Container
DE10158737B4 (de) Stauverfahren sowie Verriegelungsvorrichtung für Container
WO2018138202A1 (fr) Élément d'accouplement pour immobiliser deux conteneurs empilés l'un sur l'autre, en particulier à bord de bateaux
DE3439134A1 (de) Kuppelstueck zum verbinden von containern
DE29621266U1 (de) Selbstverriegelndes Verbindungselement für Container
WO1997011012A1 (fr) Dispositif a verrou tournant pour la liaison de conteneurs pouvant etre arrimes, en particulier sur des conteneurs empilables, sur des vehicules, sur des bateaux ou analogues
DD275218A1 (de) Container-stuetzbeschlag

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19891206