EP0320359B1 - Appliance for a light building-façade - Google Patents

Appliance for a light building-façade Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0320359B1
EP0320359B1 EP88403075A EP88403075A EP0320359B1 EP 0320359 B1 EP0320359 B1 EP 0320359B1 EP 88403075 A EP88403075 A EP 88403075A EP 88403075 A EP88403075 A EP 88403075A EP 0320359 B1 EP0320359 B1 EP 0320359B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
building
facade
frame
lightweight
arrangement according
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EP88403075A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0320359A1 (en
Inventor
Jean Michel Colombo
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SERCCA
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SERCCA
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Priority to AT88403075T priority Critical patent/ATE70103T1/en
Publication of EP0320359A1 publication Critical patent/EP0320359A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/08—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/88—Curtain walls
    • E04B2/90—Curtain walls comprising panels directly attached to the structure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the construction of a light facade supported by a building body to be constructed or to be renovated, with or without a facade wall.
  • the renovation of the facades is generally carried out either by a facelift, or by the installation of an added cladding resting on a light structure fixed to the facade wall of the body of the building, or by the installation of a new facade with wooden frame or metallic constituting a carrier system, which necessarily limits the number of levels, and often proves to be quite expensive.
  • a light building facade device according to the first part of claim 1 is known from US-A-3203151.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to be able to have a light and economical facade, of easy assembly, leaning in places on a body of building even without a facade wall, and making possible a multiplication of levels, while ensuring great architectural freedom.
  • the subject of the present invention is a device for a light building facade, comprising both support means and means for filling, insulation and decoration, all of these means being supported in places on a frame of known type of said building, and not requiring the existence of a facade wall of this building, said facade support means being constituted by a metal grid formed of at least one horizontal metal rail on each floor level of the building, and of a certain number of vertical metal uprights spaced along the facade, until reaching the level of the building roof, the meshes of said grid affecting a simple geometric shape and comprising means for fixing the grid at a floor of the building body, characterized in that the means for fixing the grid consist of support pieces each formed from three flat faces, orthogonal two by two, the vertical central face being the only one to have a common edge with each of the other two, the horizontal central face of the support piece supporting the bottom rail of the upper floor, and the vertical central face of the support part being attached to a vertical wing of an angle whose other wing, horizontal, is fixed to the upper rail
  • the grid meshes can have simple polygonal shapes, such as the rectangle, the square, the triangle, the trapezoid, or even curved shapes obtained by bending or forming the heddles, without modification of the amounts, the assembly being able to offer a great diversity in aesthetic research.
  • Certain meshes of the metal grid corresponding to openings in the facade, such as doors and windows, are provided with crosspieces or spacers fixed to the beams or the amounts of the grid, and allowing the installation and fixing of the constituent elements of these openings.
  • the beams, the uprights, the crosspieces and the spacers are made of metal profiles, preferably of galvanized sheet steel.
  • the lining partition parallel to the external facing, is connected to the vertical uprights of the grid, supporting said external panel, by connecting members, which on the other hand ensure the holding in place of the insulating layer, the connecting members being constituted by stiffened U-shaped stirrups.
  • the bottom of the connecting member comprises an opening provided with a cover fitting onto the wing of the vertical uprights of the grid.
  • the end of the wings of the stirrups is provided with notches adapting to support profiles fixed on one of the faces of the lining partition.
  • the panels of the external facing are fixed to the uprights of the grid by means of special staples, comprising both means for fixing to the uprights and means for adjusting the spacing according to the thickness of the panels.
  • the three faces of the heald support part are each pierced with an oblong opening for the passage of the fixing parts, ensuring the clearance required for assembly.
  • One of the original features of the invention resides in the existence of a grid-like structure supporting on the one hand the facade facings and on the other hand the interior lining partitions parallel to the facade.
  • This grid is only fixed to the building, in particular at the floors of the latter, depending on the type of frame of the building.
  • the lightness of the facade is due to its attachment to the framework of the floors of the body of the building by the beams of its grid, which relieves the constraints of its metal uprights and therefore makes it possible to reduce their weight.
  • the grid - or some of its parts - can be prefabricated, or assembled on site before it is fixed to the frame of the building.
  • the uprights fit into the rails. Their ends are indented for this purpose.
  • Any pre-assembled grid can also receive its exterior cladding panels before mounting in the facade.
  • a wide variety in the choice of exterior cladding is possible: thanks to the use of all kinds of plates, for example concrete, usually 6 mm to 12 mm thick, or even wooden clapboards superimposed on the above the rails.
  • the thermal and sound insulation of this light facade is excellent, thanks to the thickness of the continuous insulating layer, which can represent almost half of the total thickness of the facade.
  • the facade avoids all humidity, although the neighboring panels have no joints or only have dry joints if preferred.
  • This provides a light, economical, aesthetic facade, offering great flexibility to architectural requirements, easy to assemble, well thermally and phonically insulated, not very sensitive to humidity, and not requiring the existence of a wall of preexisting facade.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic view shows a rectilinear facade with gable, corresponding to a metal grid whose meshes are essentially squares and triangles, with a trapezoidal mesh.
  • FIG. 2 represents the rectangular grid 15 of a facade element.
  • This grid 15 comprises a lower rail 1, an upper rail 2, both horizontal, and six vertical uprights, including two edge uprights 3a, and four central uprights 3b.
  • the uprights 3a and 3b are all U-shaped irons.
  • the core of each upright is notched by a notch at each end, with a small fixing piece 4 being folded down.
  • the assembly is carried out by introducing a wing of each heald 1 and 2 into the notches of the uprights and by fixing said heald on the small parts 4.
  • the triangular grid according to figure 3 and the trapezoidal grid according to FIG. 4 is assembled in the same way as the rectangular grid of FIG. 2, except that the upper rail 2 is here inclined and no longer horizontal.
  • the same beam can be used for any inclination, which only depends on variations in the length of the successive uprights.
  • a special piece 5 ensures the connection between the lower beam 1 and the upper beam 2.
  • FIG. 5 represents, before and after the assembly of the two rails 1 and 2, a rectangular grid provided with an opening 6, with a view to placing there a window frame with two openings.
  • a high cross member 7a and a low cross member 7b are supported on the central uprights 3b and on the two sections of the central upright 3c.
  • the inner face of the outer facing 8 is drained, so that no joint is necessary between the neighboring panels of the outer facing.
  • the fastening clips 17 of the panels of the exterior facing 8 are visible in FIGS. 7a and 7b.
  • the back 18 of the clips 17 is fixed to an upright of the grid, not shown.
  • These staples 17 have tabs 19 which can grasp two panels 8 of thickness comprised, for example, between a minimum of approximately 6 millimeters (FIG. 7a) and a maximum of approximately 12 millimeters (FIG. 7b).
  • the bottom rail 1 of a floor is attached to a floor of the building by means of a beam support part 20 shown in FIG. 8.
  • This part 20 has three plane faces 21, 22 and 23, orthogonal two by two, similar to the three faces of a trirectangle trihedron, one of the faces of which would have been rotated 180 ° around its edge.
  • the face 22 is central, the only one connected to the two other faces, the faces 21 and 22 being vertical and the face 23 being horizontal.
  • the first face 21, vertical of this part, is fixed to the framework 25 of a floor 26 of the building body, either with an all-concrete structure, or with a metal framework.
  • the third face 23, horizontal supports the bottom rail 1 of the grid 15 of the floor having this floor 26, and is fixed to it.
  • the second face 22, or central face, vertical is attached to the first face 30a of an angle iron 30, the other face 30b of which is horizontal, is fixed to the top rail 2 of the grid of the floor below, and supports it.
  • Oblong openings 24 provided on each face of the part 20 constitute adjustable passageways for the fixing bolts 27 respectively on the framework 25 of the floor 26, on the bottom rail 1 and the top rail 2.
  • These triple pieces 20 regularly arranged at the level of the floor 26 directly transmit the stresses of the beams 1 and 2 to the framework of the floors of the building body.
  • the amounts 3, thereby subject to very moderate forces, can be chosen light.
  • Figure 9 illustrates a metal frame building in which the concrete floor 26 rests on horizontal crosspieces 31 constituted by irons I connected by conventional means not shown to posts 32 themselves made up of irons I which provide resumption of efforts and their transmission to foundations.
  • stirrups 40 are made integral with the uprights 3 of the grid 15 by means of stirrups 40, arranged from place to place at various levels of said amounts.
  • Such a stirrup 40 is visible in FIG. 10. It has the general shape of a U with long wings, 60 mm in width, 45 mm in height and 175 mm in length of wings.
  • the two wings 41 and 42, and the bottom 43 of the U, are made of galvanized steel plates, provided with stiffeners 44.
  • the bottom 43 has an opening 45 with a cover.
  • the operculum of the opening 45 fits on the wing of an upright 3 of the grid 15, while at the end 46 of the wings 41 and 42 of the stirrup 40, notches 47 fit to the support profile 16 of the lining partition 13. These stirrups 40 ensuring the holding in place of the insulating layer 11.
  • stirrups 40 passing through the insulating layer 11, therefore ensure its maintenance and on the other hand support the profiles 16 for holding the interior lining partition 13.
  • the invention applies as well to facades of new constructions as to the renovation of facades of old buildings, whether or not provided with a facade wall. It provides great architectural freedom in volumes and forms, as well as in the choice of facing materials. The assembly thus produced is light and economical.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a lightweight façade bearing against a building body to be constructed or renovated. The subject of the invention is a lightweight façade appliance comprising both support means and filling, insulation and decoration means, the assembly of these means bearing in places against a framework (31-32) of known type of a building, this appliance being characterised in that the façade support means consist of a metal grid (15) formed from at least one horizontal metal rail (1-2) at each floor level (26) of the building and a certain number of vertical metal uprights (3) spaced all along the façade and fitting into the rails (1-2), these rails being fixed to the building body at the floor levels (26) of the latter. The invention is applicable equally to facades of new constructions and to renovation of façades of old buildings, provided or not with a façade wall. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne l'édification d'une façade légère prenant appui sur un corps de bâtiment à construire ou à rénover, avec ou sans mur de façade.The present invention relates to the construction of a light facade supported by a building body to be constructed or to be renovated, with or without a facade wall.

La rénovation des façades s'effectue généralement soit par un ravalement, soit par la pose d'un bardage rapporté reposant sur une structure légère fixée au mur de façade du corps de bâtiment, soit par la pose d'une nouvelle façade à ossature de bois ou métallique constituant un système porteur, ce qui limite nécessairement le nombre de niveaux, et se révèle souvent assez onéreux.The renovation of the facades is generally carried out either by a facelift, or by the installation of an added cladding resting on a light structure fixed to the facade wall of the body of the building, or by the installation of a new facade with wooden frame or metallic constituting a carrier system, which necessarily limits the number of levels, and often proves to be quite expensive.

Un dispositif de façade légère de bâtiment selon la première partie de la revendication 1 est connu des US-A-3203151.A light building facade device according to the first part of claim 1 is known from US-A-3203151.

On connait dans le document Jürgen Fehlbeck et Günter Steck, Ingernieurholzbau in Forschung und Praxis, 1982, Bruderverlag, Karlsruhe, pages 91 et 92, un dispositif de construction d'une façade en bois qui comporte une agrafe métallique présentant d'une part, une surface d'appui, pincée entre deux éléments de charpente perpendiculaires et d'autre part, deux pattes rabattues, formant chacune une équerre sur deux côtés adjacents de la surface d'appui, lesdites pattes étant fixées respectivement sur chacun des éléments, permettant ainsi une liaison rigide perpendiculaire des deux éléments de bois.We know in the document Jürgen Fehlbeck and Günter Steck, Ingernieurholzbau in Forschung und Praxis, 1982, Bruderverlag, Karlsruhe, pages 91 and 92, a device for constructing a wooden facade which comprises a metal clip having on the one hand a bearing surface, pinched between two perpendicular structural elements and on the other hand, two folded legs, each forming a square on two adjacent sides of the bearing surface, said legs being fixed respectively on each of the elements, thus allowing a rigid perpendicular connection of the two wooden elements.

Le but de la présente invention est de pouvoir disposer d'une façade légère et économique, de montage aisé, s'appuyant par endroits sur un corps de bâtiment même dépourvu de mur de façade, et rendant possible une multiplication des niveaux, tout en assurant une grande liberté architecturale.The purpose of the present invention is to be able to have a light and economical facade, of easy assembly, leaning in places on a body of building even without a facade wall, and making possible a multiplication of levels, while ensuring great architectural freedom.

A cet effet, la présente invention a pour objet un dispositif de façade légère de bâtiment, comprenant à la fois des moyens de support et des moyens de remplissage, d'isolation et de décoration, l'ensemble de ces moyens s'appuyant par endroits sur une ossature de type connu dudit bâtiment, et ne nécessitant pas l'existence d'un mur de façade de ce bâtiment, lesdits moyens de support de la façade étant constitués par une grille métallique formée d'au moins une lisse métallique horizontale à chaque niveau de plancher du bâtiment, et d'un certain nombre de montants métalliques verticaux espacés tout le long de la façade, jusqu'à atteindre le niveau de la toiture du bâtiment, les mailles de ladite grille affectant une forme géométrique simple et comportant des moyens de fixation de la grille au niveau d'un plancher du corps de bâtiment, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de fixation de la grille sont constitués par des pièces support formées chacune de trois faces planes, orthogonales deux à deux, la face centrale verticale étant la seule à avoir une arête commune avec chacune des deux autres, la face centrale horizontale de la pièce support supportant la lisse inférieure de l'étage supérieur, et la face centrale verticale de la pièce support étant rattachée à une aile verticale d'une cornière dont l'autre aile, horizontale, est fixée à la lisse supérieure de l'étage inférieur.To this end, the subject of the present invention is a device for a light building facade, comprising both support means and means for filling, insulation and decoration, all of these means being supported in places on a frame of known type of said building, and not requiring the existence of a facade wall of this building, said facade support means being constituted by a metal grid formed of at least one horizontal metal rail on each floor level of the building, and of a certain number of vertical metal uprights spaced along the facade, until reaching the level of the building roof, the meshes of said grid affecting a simple geometric shape and comprising means for fixing the grid at a floor of the building body, characterized in that the means for fixing the grid consist of support pieces each formed from three flat faces, orthogonal two by two, the vertical central face being the only one to have a common edge with each of the other two, the horizontal central face of the support piece supporting the bottom rail of the upper floor, and the vertical central face of the support part being attached to a vertical wing of an angle whose other wing, horizontal, is fixed to the upper rail of the lower floor.

Les mailles de la grille peuvent avoir des formes polygonales simples, telles que le rectangle, le carré, le triangle, le trapèze, ou encore des formes courbes obtenues par cintrage ou formage des lisses, sans modification des montants, l'ensemble pouvant offrir une grande diversité dans une recherche esthétique.The grid meshes can have simple polygonal shapes, such as the rectangle, the square, the triangle, the trapezoid, or even curved shapes obtained by bending or forming the heddles, without modification of the amounts, the assembly being able to offer a great diversity in aesthetic research.

Certaines mailles de la grille métallique, correspondant à des ouvertures dans la façade, telles que portes et fenêtres, sont munies de traverses ou d'entretoises fixées aux lisses ou aux montants de la grille, et permettant la pose et la fixation des éléments constitutifs de ces ouvertures.Certain meshes of the metal grid, corresponding to openings in the facade, such as doors and windows, are provided with crosspieces or spacers fixed to the beams or the amounts of the grid, and allowing the installation and fixing of the constituent elements of these openings.

Les lisses, les montants, les traverses et les entretoises sont réalisés en profilés métalliques, de préférence en tôle d'acier galvanisé.The beams, the uprights, the crosspieces and the spacers are made of metal profiles, preferably of galvanized sheet steel.

Suivant une caractéristique particulière de la présente invention, la cloison de doublage, parallèle au parement extérieur, est reliée aux montants verticaux de la grille, supportant ledit panneau extérieur, par des organes de liaison, qui assurent d'autre part le maintien en place de la couche isolante, les organes de liaison étant constitués par des étriers raidis en forme d'U.According to a particular characteristic of the present invention, the lining partition, parallel to the external facing, is connected to the vertical uprights of the grid, supporting said external panel, by connecting members, which on the other hand ensure the holding in place of the insulating layer, the connecting members being constituted by stiffened U-shaped stirrups.

Suivant une autre caractéristique particulière de la présente invention, le fond de l'organe de laison comporte une ouverture munie d'un opercule s'emboitant sur l'aile des montants verticaux de la grille.According to another particular characteristic of the present invention, the bottom of the connecting member comprises an opening provided with a cover fitting onto the wing of the vertical uprights of the grid.

Suivant une caractéristique particulière de la présente invention, l'extrémité des ailes des étriers est munie d'encoches s'adaptant à des profils support fixés sur l'une des faces de la cloison de doublage.According to a particular characteristic of the present invention, the end of the wings of the stirrups is provided with notches adapting to support profiles fixed on one of the faces of the lining partition.

Suivant encore une autre caractéristique particulière de la présente invention, les panneaux du parement extérieur sont fixés aux montants de la grille par l'intermédiaire d'agrafes spéciales, comprenant à la fois des moyens de fixation aux montants et des moyens de réglage de l'écartement suivant l'épaisseur des panneaux.According to yet another particular characteristic of the present invention, the panels of the external facing are fixed to the uprights of the grid by means of special staples, comprising both means for fixing to the uprights and means for adjusting the spacing according to the thickness of the panels.

Il est ainsi possible d'assembler chaque grille au préalable et d'y fixer les panneaux de parement extérieur par lesdites agrafes, avant montage de l'ensemble de la façade.It is thus possible to assemble each grid beforehand and to fix the exterior cladding panels thereto by said clips, before assembly of the entire facade.

Ainsi, ce sont bien les lisses qui, en s'appuyant sur l'ossature du bâtiment par l'intermédiaire de tels supports triples, soutiennent l'ensemble de la façade. Ceci soulage d'autant les contraintes supportées par les montants, qui restent ainsi de dimensions modérées et permettent de réaliser une façade légère.Thus, it is the beams which, by relying on the framework of the building by means of such triple supports, support the entire facade. This relieves all the constraints by the uprights, which thus remain of moderate dimensions and allow to realize a light facade.

Les trois faces de la pièce support de lisse sont percées chacune d'une ouverture oblongue pour le passage des pièces de fixation, assurant le jeu nécessaire au montage.The three faces of the heald support part are each pierced with an oblong opening for the passage of the fixing parts, ensuring the clearance required for assembly.

Une des originalités de l'invention réside dans l'existence d'une structure en forme de grille supportant d'une part les parements de façade et d'autre part les cloisons intérieurs de doublage parallèles à la façade. Cette grille étant uniquement fixée au bâtiment, notamment au niveau des planchers de ce dernier, en fonction du type d'ossature du bâtiment.One of the original features of the invention resides in the existence of a grid-like structure supporting on the one hand the facade facings and on the other hand the interior lining partitions parallel to the facade. This grid is only fixed to the building, in particular at the floors of the latter, depending on the type of frame of the building.

Les avantages de la façade légère selon l'invention sont multiples:The advantages of the light facade according to the invention are multiple:

Tout d'abord, la légèreté de la façade est due à son accrochage à l'ossature des planchers du corps de bâtiment par les lisses de sa grille, ce qui soulage les contraintes de ses montants métalliques et donc permet de réduire leur poids.First of all, the lightness of the facade is due to its attachment to the framework of the floors of the body of the building by the beams of its grid, which relieves the constraints of its metal uprights and therefore makes it possible to reduce their weight.

C'est aussi une façade économique, parce que tous ses constituants sont des produits industriels courants de faible masse.It's also an economic facade, because all its constituents are common industrial products of low mass.

Un autre avantage important de cette façade légère est sa facilité et sa rapidité de montage. Ainsi, la grille ― ou certaines de ses parties ― peut être préfabriquée, ou encore assemblée sur le chantier avant sa fixation à l'ossature du bâtiment. Les montants s'emboîtent dans les lisses. Leurs extrémités sont échancrées à cet effet.Another important advantage of this light facade is its ease and speed of assembly. Thus, the grid - or some of its parts - can be prefabricated, or assembled on site before it is fixed to the frame of the building. The uprights fit into the rails. Their ends are indented for this purpose.

Certain montants sont doublés, afin de permettre l'incorporation des menuiseries. Toute grille préassemblée peut aussi recevoir ses panneaux de parement extérieur avant son montage dans la façade.Certain amounts are doubled, to allow the incorporation of joinery. Any pre-assembled grid can also receive its exterior cladding panels before mounting in the facade.

Une grande diversité dans le choix des parements extérieurs est possible: grâce à l'utilisations des plaques de toute nature, par exemple en béton, de 6 mm à 12 mm d'épaisseur le plus souvent, ou encore des clins de bois superposés au-dessus des lisses.A wide variety in the choice of exterior cladding is possible: thanks to the use of all kinds of plates, for example concrete, usually 6 mm to 12 mm thick, or even wooden clapboards superimposed on the above the rails.

La fixation de la couche isolante continue, avec son pare-pluie et son pare-vapeur, et celle des profilés supports de la cloison interne de doublage s'effectue aisément et rapidement au moyen d'étriers, tels que décrits ci-dessus.The fixing of the continuous insulating layer, with its rain and vapor barrier, and that of the support profiles of the internal lining partition is carried out easily and quickly by means of stirrups, as described above.

Il ne reste plus ensuite qu'à fixer sur ces profilés la cloison de doublage, qui est l'élément de la façade tourné vers l'intérieur.It then only remains to fix on these profiles the lining partition, which is the element of the facade facing inward.

Dans l'ensemble, l'isolation thermique et phonique de cette façade légère est excellente, grâce à l'épaisseur de la couche isolante continue, qui peut représenter près de la moitié de l'épaisseur totale de la façade.Overall, the thermal and sound insulation of this light facade is excellent, thanks to the thickness of the continuous insulating layer, which can represent almost half of the total thickness of the facade.

De plus, comme la face intérieure des panneaux de parement extérieur est draînée, la façade évite toute humidité, bien que les panneaux voisins soient dépourvus de joints ou munis seulement de joints secs si on le préfère.In addition, since the interior face of the exterior facing panels is drained, the facade avoids all humidity, although the neighboring panels have no joints or only have dry joints if preferred.

On dispose ainsi d'une façade légère, économique, esthétique, présentant une grande souplesse aux exigences architecturales, facile à monter, bien isolée thermiquement et phoniquement, peu sensible à l'humidité, et ne nécessitant pas l'existence d'un mur de façade préexistant.This provides a light, economical, aesthetic facade, offering great flexibility to architectural requirements, easy to assemble, well thermally and phonically insulated, not very sensitive to humidity, and not requiring the existence of a wall of preexisting facade.

Afin de bien faire comprendre l'invention, on va décrire ci-après, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, plusieurs modes de réalisation d'éléments constitutifs du dispositif de façade légère selon l'invention.

  • La figure 1 est une vue schématique de l'extérieur d'une façade légère selon l'invention;
  • la figure 2 est une vue cavalière, après assemblage, des éléments d'une grille métallique de forme générale rectangulaire, comportant plusieurs montants et deux lisses;
  • la figure 3 est une vue cavalière d'une grille métallique de forme triangulaire, après son assemblage;
  • la figure 4 est une vue cavalière d'une grille métallique de forme trapézoïdale, après son assemblage;
  • la figure 5 est une vue cavalière d'une grille rectangulaire ménageant une fenêtre;
  • la figure 6 est une vue cavalière, écorchée, d'une façade selon l'invention, montrant la disposition respective des montants de la grille, des matières de remplissage, d'isolation et de décoration, et des profilés supports de la cloison de doublage;
  • la figure 7a est une vue en coupe verticale sur joint horizontal de deux panneaux du parement extérieur maintenus par des agrafes (épaisseur des panneaux: 6 mm);
  • la figure 7b est une vue analogue à la figure 7 pour des panneaux de 12 mm d'épaisseur;
  • la figure 8 est une vue cavalière de la pièce support de lisse à 3 faces;
  • la figure 9 est une vue cavalière et en coupe de la structure de façade selon l'invention au niveau du plancher;
  • la figure 10 est une vue cavalière d'un étrier assurant la liaison entre les montants de la grille et l'ossature de profilés servant de supports à la cloison de doublage intérieure.
In order to clearly understand the invention, there will be described below, by way of nonlimiting examples, several embodiments of components of the light facade device according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the exterior of a light facade according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 is a view, after assembly, of the elements of a metal grid of generally rectangular shape, comprising several uprights and two rails;
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of a metal grid of triangular shape, after assembly;
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of a metal grid of trapezoidal shape, after its assembly;
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of a rectangular grid providing a window;
  • Figure 6 is a sectional view, cut away, of a facade according to the invention, showing the respective arrangement of the amounts of the grid, the filling, insulation and decoration materials, and support profiles of the lining partition ;
  • Figure 7a is a vertical sectional view on the horizontal joint of two panels of the exterior facing maintained by staples (thickness of the panels: 6 mm);
  • Figure 7b is a view similar to Figure 7 for 12 mm thick panels;
  • Figure 8 is a side view of the heald support piece with 3 faces;
  • Figure 9 is a sectional view of the facade structure according to the invention at the floor;
  • Figure 10 is a perspective view of a stirrup ensuring the connection between the uprights of the grid and the frame of profiles serving as supports for the interior lining partition.

Sur la figure 1, une vue schématique représente une façade rectiligne avec pignon, correspondant à une grille métallique dont les mailles sont essentiellement des carrés et des triangles, avec une maille trapézoïdale.In Figure 1, a schematic view shows a rectilinear facade with gable, corresponding to a metal grid whose meshes are essentially squares and triangles, with a trapezoidal mesh.

La figure 2 représente la grille 15 rectangulaire d'un élément de façade.FIG. 2 represents the rectangular grid 15 of a facade element.

Cette grille 15 comporte une lisse inférieure 1, une lisse supérieure 2, toutes deux horizontales, et six montants verticaux, dont deux montants de rive 3a, et quatre montants centraux 3b.This grid 15 comprises a lower rail 1, an upper rail 2, both horizontal, and six vertical uprights, including two edge uprights 3a, and four central uprights 3b.

Les montants 3a et 3b sont tous des fers en U. L'âme de chaque montant est entaillée par une encoche à chaque extrémité, avec rabattement d'une petite pièce de fixation 4.The uprights 3a and 3b are all U-shaped irons. The core of each upright is notched by a notch at each end, with a small fixing piece 4 being folded down.

L'assemblage s'effectue par introduction d'une aile de chaque lisse 1 et 2 dans les encoches des montants et par fixation desdites lisses sur les petites pièces 4.The assembly is carried out by introducing a wing of each heald 1 and 2 into the notches of the uprights and by fixing said heald on the small parts 4.

La grille triangulaire selon la figure 3 et la grille trapézoïdale selon la figure 4 s'assemblent de la même façon que la grille rectangulaire de la figure 2, à cette différence près que la lisse supérieure 2 est ici inclinée et non plus horizontale. La même lisse est utilisable pour n'importe quelle inclinaison, laquelle ne dépend que des variations de longueur des montants successifs.The triangular grid according to figure 3 and the trapezoidal grid according to FIG. 4 is assembled in the same way as the rectangular grid of FIG. 2, except that the upper rail 2 is here inclined and no longer horizontal. The same beam can be used for any inclination, which only depends on variations in the length of the successive uprights.

En grille triangulaire (figure 3), une pièce spéciale 5 assure le raccordement entre la lisse inférieure 1 et la lisse supérieure 2.In a triangular grid (Figure 3), a special piece 5 ensures the connection between the lower beam 1 and the upper beam 2.

La figure 5 représente, avant et après l'assemblage des deux lisses 1 et 2, une grille rectangulaire munie d'une ouverture 6, en vue d'y placer un encadrement de fenêtre à deux ouvrants.FIG. 5 represents, before and after the assembly of the two rails 1 and 2, a rectangular grid provided with an opening 6, with a view to placing there a window frame with two openings.

Une traverse haute 7a et une traverse basse 7b s'appuient sur les montants centraux 3b et sur les deux tronçons du montant central 3c.A high cross member 7a and a low cross member 7b are supported on the central uprights 3b and on the two sections of the central upright 3c.

La figure 7 est une vue cavalière, écorchée, de la façade montrant les matières de remplissage, d'isolation et de décoration, ainsi que la grille métallique 15, à l'exclusion des profilés de support de la cloison de doublage. Cette façade a une épaisseur de 320 millimètres. On y rencontre successivement, de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur:

  • ― un parement extérieur 8, supporté par les montants 3 de la grille 15 par l'intermédiaire d'agrafes 17;
  • ― les montants 3 de la grille de support 15;
  • ― une lame d'air 9 de 95 millimètres d'épaisseur, au droit des montants 3 de ladite grille;
  • ― un pare-pluie 10 constitué d'un film d'un produit étanche à l'eau et perméable à la vapeur d'eau adjacent au parement extérieur 8 sur sa face interne;
  • ― une couche isolante continue 11, qui peut être de la laine de verre, d'une épaisseur de 150 millimètres;
  • ― sur la face interne de la couche isolante 11, un pare-vapeur 12 constitué d'un isolant fibreux incombustible;
  • ― un intervalle libre 13, étroit, dans lequel se loge l'ossature de profilés légers 16 servant de support à la cloison de doublage 14;
  • ― enfin, la cloison de doublage 14, qui constitue la paroi intérieure de la façade.
Figure 7 is a sectional view, cut away, of the facade showing the filling, insulation and decoration materials, as well as the metal grid 15, excluding the support profiles of the lining partition. This facade has a thickness of 320 millimeters. We meet successively, from outside to inside:
  • - an outer facing 8, supported by the uprights 3 of the grid 15 by means of clips 17;
  • - the uprights 3 of the support grid 15;
  • - An air space 9 95 millimeters thick, in line with the uprights 3 of said grid;
  • - A rain barrier 10 consisting of a film of a waterproof product and permeable to water vapor adjacent to the outer facing 8 on its internal face;
  • A continuous insulating layer 11, which may be glass wool, with a thickness of 150 millimeters;
  • - On the internal face of the insulating layer 11, a vapor barrier 12 consisting of a non-combustible fibrous insulator;
  • - A free gap 13, narrow, in which is housed the frame of light sections 16 serving as support for the lining partition 14;
  • - Finally, the lining partition 14, which constitutes the inner wall of the facade.

La face intérieure du parement extérieur 8 est draînée, si bien qu'aucun joint n'est nécessaire entre les panneaux voisins du parement extérieur.The inner face of the outer facing 8 is drained, so that no joint is necessary between the neighboring panels of the outer facing.

Les agrafes de fixation 17 des panneaux du parement extérieur 8 sont visibles sur les figures 7a et 7b. Le dos 18 des agrafes 17 est fixé à un montant de la grille non représenté. Ces agrafes 17 comportent des pattes 19 pouvant saisir deux panneaux 8 d'épaisseur comprise à titre d'exemple entre un minimum de 6 millimètres environ (figure 7a) et un maximum de 12 millimètres environ (figure 7b).The fastening clips 17 of the panels of the exterior facing 8 are visible in FIGS. 7a and 7b. The back 18 of the clips 17 is fixed to an upright of the grid, not shown. These staples 17 have tabs 19 which can grasp two panels 8 of thickness comprised, for example, between a minimum of approximately 6 millimeters (FIG. 7a) and a maximum of approximately 12 millimeters (FIG. 7b).

La fixation à un plancher du corps de bâtiment de la lisse inférieure 1 d'un étage s'effectue par l'intermédiaire d'une pièce 20 support de lisse représentée sur la figure 8.The bottom rail 1 of a floor is attached to a floor of the building by means of a beam support part 20 shown in FIG. 8.

Cette pièce 20 comporte trois faces planes 21, 22 et 23, orthogonales deux à deux, semblables aux trois faces d'un trièdre trirectangle dont l'une des faces aurait subi une rotation de 180° autour de son arête. La face 22 est centrale, seule reliée aux deux autres faces, les faces 21 et 22 étant verticales et la face 23 étant horizontale.This part 20 has three plane faces 21, 22 and 23, orthogonal two by two, similar to the three faces of a trirectangle trihedron, one of the faces of which would have been rotated 180 ° around its edge. The face 22 is central, the only one connected to the two other faces, the faces 21 and 22 being vertical and the face 23 being horizontal.

L'implantation de cette pièce triple 20 est visible sur la figure 9.The layout of this triple 20 piece is visible in figure 9.

La première face 21, verticale de cette pièce, se fixe à l'ossature 25 d'un plancher 26 du corps de bâtiment, soit à structure tout béton, soit à ossature métallique.The first face 21, vertical of this part, is fixed to the framework 25 of a floor 26 of the building body, either with an all-concrete structure, or with a metal framework.

La troisième face 23, horizontale, supporte la lisse inférieure 1 de la grille 15 de l'étage ayant ce plancher 26, et lui est fixée.The third face 23, horizontal, supports the bottom rail 1 of the grid 15 of the floor having this floor 26, and is fixed to it.

La deuxième face 22, ou face centrale, verticale, est rattachée à la première face 30a d'une cornière 30, dont l'autre face 30b, horizontale, est fixée à la lisse supérieure 2 de la grille de l'étage du dessous, et la soutient. Des ouvertures oblongues 24 prévues sur chaque face de la pièce 20 constituent des passage ajustables pour les boulons 27 de fixation respectivement sur l'ossature 25 du plancher 26, sur la lisse inférieure 1 et la lisse supérieure 2.The second face 22, or central face, vertical, is attached to the first face 30a of an angle iron 30, the other face 30b of which is horizontal, is fixed to the top rail 2 of the grid of the floor below, and supports it. Oblong openings 24 provided on each face of the part 20 constitute adjustable passageways for the fixing bolts 27 respectively on the framework 25 of the floor 26, on the bottom rail 1 and the top rail 2.

Ces pièces triples 20 disposées régulièrement au niveau du plancher 26 transmettent directement les contraintes des lisses 1 et 2 à l'ossature des planchers du corps de bâtiment. Les montants 3, soumis de ce fait à des efforts très modérés, peuvent être choisis légers.These triple pieces 20 regularly arranged at the level of the floor 26 directly transmit the stresses of the beams 1 and 2 to the framework of the floors of the building body. The amounts 3, thereby subject to very moderate forces, can be chosen light.

On notera que la figure 9 illustre un bâtiment à ossature métallique dans lequel le plancher en béton 26 repose sur des traverses horizontales 31 constituées par des fers I reliés par des moyens classiques non représentés à des poteaux 32 eux-mêmes constitués de fers I qui assurent la reprise des efforts et leur transmission aux fondations.Note that Figure 9 illustrates a metal frame building in which the concrete floor 26 rests on horizontal crosspieces 31 constituted by irons I connected by conventional means not shown to posts 32 themselves made up of irons I which provide resumption of efforts and their transmission to foundations.

Ainsi ce sont bien les lisses 1 et 2 qui, en s'appuyant sur l'ossature du bâtiment par l'intermédiaire de tels supports triples 20, soutiennent l'ensemble de la façade. Ceci soulage d'autant les contraintes supportées par les montants 3, qui restent ainsi de dimensions modérées et permettent de réaliser une façade légère.Thus it is the beams 1 and 2 which, by relying on the structure of the building by means of such triple supports 20, support the entire facade. This relieves all the constraints supported by the uprights 3, which thus remain of moderate dimensions and allow a light facade to be produced.

Comme on l'a vu précédemment, les profilés supports 16 de la cloison de doublage intérieure 13 sont rendus solidaires des montants 3 de la grille 15 au moyen d'étriers 40, disposés de place en place à divers niveaux desdits montants. Un tel étrier 40 est visible sur la figure 10. Il présente la forme générale d'un U à ailes longues, de 60 mm de largeur, 45 mm de hauteur et 175 mm de longueur d'ailes. Les deux ailes 41 et 42, et le fond 43 de l'U, sont constitués de plaques d'acier galvanisé, munies de raidisseurs 44. Le fond 43 comporte une ouverture 45 avec un opercule. Ces étriers reliant la grille 15 et les profilés 16 traversent la couche isolante 11.As seen above, the support profiles 16 of the interior lining partition 13 are made integral with the uprights 3 of the grid 15 by means of stirrups 40, arranged from place to place at various levels of said amounts. Such a stirrup 40 is visible in FIG. 10. It has the general shape of a U with long wings, 60 mm in width, 45 mm in height and 175 mm in length of wings. The two wings 41 and 42, and the bottom 43 of the U, are made of galvanized steel plates, provided with stiffeners 44. The bottom 43 has an opening 45 with a cover. These stirrups connecting the grid 15 and the profiles 16 pass through the insulating layer 11.

L'opercule de l'ouverture 45 s'emboîte sur l'aile d'un montant 3 de la grille 15, tandis qu'à l'extrémité 46 des ailes 41 et 42 de l'étrier 40, des encoches 47 s'adaptent au profilé support 16 de la cloison de doublage 13. Ces étriers 40 assurant le maintien en place de la couche isolante 11.The operculum of the opening 45 fits on the wing of an upright 3 of the grid 15, while at the end 46 of the wings 41 and 42 of the stirrup 40, notches 47 fit to the support profile 16 of the lining partition 13. These stirrups 40 ensuring the holding in place of the insulating layer 11.

Ces étriers 40, en traversant la couche isolante 11, assurent donc son maintien et d'autre part supportent les profilés 16 de maintien de la cloison de doublage intérieur 13.These stirrups 40, passing through the insulating layer 11, therefore ensure its maintenance and on the other hand support the profiles 16 for holding the interior lining partition 13.

D'une façon générale, l'invention s'applique aussi bien à des façades de constructions neuves qu'à la rénovation de façades de bâtiments anciens, pourvus ou non d'un mur de façade. Elle assure une grande liberté architecturale dans les volumes et les formes, ainsi que dans le choix des matériaux de parement. L'ensemble ainsi réalisé est léger et économique.In general, the invention applies as well to facades of new constructions as to the renovation of facades of old buildings, whether or not provided with a facade wall. It provides great architectural freedom in volumes and forms, as well as in the choice of facing materials. The assembly thus produced is light and economical.

Claims (7)

1. Lightweight facade arrangement for a building containing both the means of support and the means of insulation and decoration, the assembly of these means bearing in places on a carcass (31-32) of known type of said building, and not requiring the existence of a facade wall of this building, said means of supporting the facade being constituted by a frame (15) formed of at least one horizontal rail (1-2) at each floor level (26) of the building, and a certain number of vertical pillars (3), spaced along the length of the facade reaching the roof level of the building, the openings of said frame (15) having a simple geometric form, and containing the means of fixing (20) the frame (15) at the level of the floor (26) of the main building, characterized in that the means of fixing the frame (15) are constituted by support pieces (20) which are each formed of three plane faces (21-22-23), any two of which are orthogonal to one another, the central vertical face (22) being the only face to have a common edge with other two, the horizontal central face (23) of the support piece (20) supporting the lower rail (1) of the upper storey, the central vertical face (2 2) of the support piece (20) being joined to a vertical wing (30a) of an angle bracket (30) the other horizontal wing of which (30b), is fixed to the upper rail (2) of the lower storey.
2. Lightweight facade arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the double partition (14) which is parallel to the external facing is joined to vertical pillars (3) of the frame (15), supporting said external facing, by connecting elements (40) which ensure that the insulating layer (11) is maintained in place, the connecting elements (40) being constituted by U-shaped stiffened straps (40).
3. Lightweight facade arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that the bottom (43) of the connecting element (40) contains an aperture (45) provided with a cover which fits with the wing of the vertical pillars (3) of the frame (15).
4. Lightweight facade arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that the end of the wings (41-42) of the straps (40) is provided with notches (47) shaped to fit the support sections (16) which are fixed on one of the faces of the double partition (14).
5. Lightweight facade arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the openings of the frame (15) are of simple polygonal forms, such as a rectangle, square, triangle, trapezoid, or curved forms obtained by curving or shaping the rails (1-2), without modifying the pillars.
6. Lightweight facade arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the internal face of the external facing (8) is provided with drainage, which is so good that no joint is required between the neighbouring panels of said external facing.
7. Lightweight facade arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the panels of the external facing (8) are fixed to the mountings (3) of the frame (15) using special slips (17), including at the same time the means of fixing to the pillars (3) and the means of regulating the spacing depending on the thickness of the panels (8).
EP88403075A 1987-12-07 1988-12-05 Appliance for a light building-façade Expired - Lifetime EP0320359B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88403075T ATE70103T1 (en) 1987-12-07 1988-12-05 DEVICE FOR A LIGHT BUILDING FACADE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8716997 1987-12-07
FR8716997A FR2624158A1 (en) 1987-12-07 1987-12-07 LIGHT FACADE BUILDING DEVICE

Publications (2)

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EP0320359A1 EP0320359A1 (en) 1989-06-14
EP0320359B1 true EP0320359B1 (en) 1991-12-04

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EP88403075A Expired - Lifetime EP0320359B1 (en) 1987-12-07 1988-12-05 Appliance for a light building-façade

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EP (1) EP0320359B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE70103T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3866684D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2624158A1 (en)

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DK70997A (en) * 1997-04-10 1998-10-11 Danborg Mogens Modular system building kits "do it yourself houses".
FR2925543B1 (en) 2007-12-19 2010-01-29 Saint Gobain Isover SEMI-RIDEAU FACADE
CN102392506B (en) * 2011-09-16 2013-08-21 沈阳远大铝业工程有限公司 Metal-plate curtain wall structure

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US3203151A (en) * 1961-04-11 1965-08-31 Beaman Corp Metal building construction
FR1422176A (en) * 1964-10-22 1965-12-24 Applic Des Tech Modernes Au Ba Improvements to the assembly and fixing of facade panels or similar elements
DE2539558A1 (en) * 1975-09-05 1977-03-10 Keyerleber Kg Stahlbau Walter Transportable, variable plan prefabricated component building - comprising narrow rigid elements screwed together forming floors, walls and roofs
DE3261505D1 (en) * 1981-07-31 1985-01-24 Profilhaus Gmbh Und Co Fertigu Building assembled of prefabricated parts
NL8201299A (en) * 1982-03-29 1983-10-17 Staalframe Bv BUILDING, WALL SECTIONS AND PROFILES THEREFOR.
US4637187A (en) * 1985-08-02 1987-01-20 Campbell Henry F Prefabricated building panels

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FR2624158A1 (en) 1989-06-09
ATE70103T1 (en) 1991-12-15
DE3866684D1 (en) 1992-01-16
EP0320359A1 (en) 1989-06-14

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