EP0303854B1 - Radiant heater - Google Patents

Radiant heater Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0303854B1
EP0303854B1 EP88111883A EP88111883A EP0303854B1 EP 0303854 B1 EP0303854 B1 EP 0303854B1 EP 88111883 A EP88111883 A EP 88111883A EP 88111883 A EP88111883 A EP 88111883A EP 0303854 B1 EP0303854 B1 EP 0303854B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating resistor
heating
spiral
resistor
heater according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP88111883A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0303854A1 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Goessler
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EGO Elektro Geratebau GmbH
Original Assignee
EGO Elektro Gerate Blanc und Fischer GmbH
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Priority to AT88111883T priority Critical patent/ATE99485T1/en
Publication of EP0303854A1 publication Critical patent/EP0303854A1/en
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Publication of EP0303854B1 publication Critical patent/EP0303854B1/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/68Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
    • H05B3/74Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
    • H05B3/748Resistive heating elements, i.e. heating elements exposed to the air, e.g. coil wire heater
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/016Heaters using particular connecting means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2213/00Aspects relating both to resistive heating and to induction heating, covered by H05B3/00 and H05B6/00
    • H05B2213/04Heating plates with overheat protection means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric heater according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • radiators which have become known, for example, from DE-A1-33 15 438, are mostly provided as radiant heaters for hotplates of cookers, the cooking surface determined by the entire heating field of the radiator in each operating switch position, that is to say, for example, in each power setting of the Radiator, as a whole and not only in each case, as is also conceivable, is heated in different hobs.
  • the heating element can also be provided for heating an oven muffle, a cast-iron body of an electric hotplate or another wall to be heated.
  • the radiator is expediently placed on the back of a translucent one Plate, for example a glass ceramic plate arranged.
  • the usual arrangement of the heating resistors is provided so that with a so-called seven-cycle switch, three heating resistors can be switched in six power levels between a minimum and a maximum total power by optionally connecting them individually, in series and in parallel, while the seventh switching level switches off completely of all heating resistors.
  • the heating resistors also usually have different nominal powers such that a heating resistor to be operated just below the mean total power, for example in the fourth power stage in a single circuit, has the highest nominal power, a heating resistor in an underlying one, for example the third power stage in a single circuit, has a medium nominal power and the third Heating resistor has the lowest rated power. If the three heating resistors are arranged in only two spirals, i.e. in a two-start spiral, then at certain power settings in which one or more heating resistors are completely switched off, a relatively uneven distribution of the heating can occur in such a way that either only in the peripheral area or only in the central area of the total heating field is heating power, which may be desirable in some applications, but is not practical in others.
  • a radiator made known by GB-A-2 186 166 has a first heating resistor with a reversal of direction in the central area of the heating field, which allows this central area to be switched on and off for itself.
  • the spiral turns of the first heating resistor are located directly adjacent to one another, and spiral turns of another heating resistor engage between the double-track spiral turns of this heating resistor.
  • the radiator of CH-A-193 572 has only two immediately adjacent and interlocking spirals of a single first heating resistor, which could be operated separately.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a radiator of the type mentioned, in which the length of at least one first heating resistor can be selected to be greater than would be possible when laying in a single spiral, so that this heating resistor due to its length can be equipped with a relatively high nominal power and still ensure trouble-free installation in the heating field.
  • a spiral formed by this first heating resistor can be connected to the Be spiral shape extended at the periphery and / or in the center of the heating field, but there is a particularly advantageous embodiment if the first heating resistor forms an outer spiral and an inner spiral, the outermost turn of the outer spiral, all other spiral turns of this first heating resistor outside surrounds. It would also be conceivable for the first heating resistor to form three or more spirals, in particular also one inside the other, which would increase its length and, above all, improve its uniform distribution over the entire heating field. If the heating resistor consists of a wire coil, the wire cross-section can be selected to be relatively small despite the high nominal power and a relatively large coil pitch can be provided, which benefits the service life of the heating resistor.
  • heating resistors are then not arranged continuously in a common plane over their entire length, but rather between adjacent sections or spirals of the respective heating resistor Electrically conductive connecting bridges are to be provided, which are offset to the rear or front of the heating resistor in relation to these sections and bypass the other heating resistor (s) without contact.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment therefore results if only a single heating resistor, in particular the one with the highest rated power, is extended in the manner described, since this can then be formed continuously and continuously over its entire length between its two ends provided for the electrical connection and forms a longitudinal section between its ends, which connects a spiral to the subsequent, in particular likewise spiral section.
  • the invention further provides that longitudinal sections of a heating resistor are only spaced apart from one another in an insulating body and longitudinal sections lying therebetween are essentially exposed, in particular in sections of a spiral groove.
  • the insulating support expediently has rib-like or wart-shaped protrusions formed from it in the longitudinal direction of the respective heating resistor, in which the heating resistor or the heating coil is embedded on part of the circumference of the coil, the respective heating resistor in the region of the elevations approximately up to Half can be embedded and the area of the central axis of the heating coil expediently remains largely free of embedding in such a way that the inner circumference of the heating coil in the area of the embedding need not be completely covered by the material of the insulating body, but can radiate directly.
  • the elevations can be formed in a particularly advantageous manner in that a portion of the spiral groove is formed between adjacent elevations in the longitudinal direction of the heating resistor, so that the elevations do not have to protrude over the front or front surface of the insulating body, but rather together with this front surface the top surfaces of the elevations lie essentially in one plane.
  • this front surface is then practically hollowed out in the area of these longitudinal sections by corresponding depressions, these depressions forming the sections of the spiral groove.
  • the training can also be provided according to DE-A1-27 29 929, in which the elevations receiving the heating resistors protrude beyond the front of the insulating body and to which reference is made here for further details and effects.
  • the carrier 1 has a carrier 2 which is open in the form of a shell and is composed of several parts.
  • the carrier 2 consists essentially of a carrier shell 3 made of sheet metal or a similar, thin-walled material, in which one opposite Its bottom-supported, plate-shaped or card-shaped insulating body 4 is arranged, which is pressed from an insulating material containing fibrous materials and has a cardboard-like structure.
  • the insulating body 4 which is centered with respect to the edge or jacket of the supporting shell 3 and extends over the largest part of the base area of the supporting shell 3, has an edge 5 which projects beyond its front side and is thicker than it and which is integral with the insulating body 4 or as a separate component in Can be formed in the form of a ring, which then expediently overlaps the insulating body 4 with an annular shoulder on the front.
  • the edge 5 protrudes slightly beyond the edge of the support shell 3 and forms a flat end surface which is slightly elastically resilient in accordance with the insulating material and with which the heating element 1, forming a closed structural unit, is resiliently pressed against the back of a plate, for example a glass ceramic plate can be that an elastically self-adjusting system is always guaranteed and the inside of the shell is sealed to the outside.
  • the insulating body 4 and the edge 5 are arranged on an at least one-layer insulating filling 6, which lies against the inside of the shell bottom of the supporting shell 3 and, in contrast to the self-supporting insulating body 4, consists of a material of relatively low mechanical strength but high thermal insulation capacity, for example of a bulk material.
  • the front side 7 of the heating element 1 is formed by the end face of the insulating element 4 which is exposed inside the shell and, with its surface area limited by the inner circumference of the edge 5, practically determines the heating field 8 of the heating element 1.
  • the rear side 9 of the insulating element 4 can only be in the edge area on the insulating filling 6 be supported and otherwise have a gap distance from this.
  • the heating field 8 has one to its central axis 10 centrically symmetrical, for example circular, oval, rectangular or square shape, but it can also have other basic shapes.
  • the individual heating resistor On the front 7 of the insulating body 4, three heating resistors 11, 12, 13 are attached in a common plane perpendicular to the central axis 10, the individual heating resistor being defined in that it is either switched on or off as a whole in the respective power level; the individual heating resistor can thus consist of separate, connected heating resistor sections or of a heating resistor which is continuous between its ends.
  • the three heating resistors are formed by wire coils of different lengths and different wire cross-sections, but approximately the same distance between the wires of each turn, the heating resistor 11 having the greatest length and the largest wire cross-section, the heating resistor 12 the smallest length and the smallest wire cross-section and the heating resistor 13 one have an intermediate length and an intermediate wire cross-section.
  • the heating resistors 11, 12, 13 are laid between the periphery 14 of the heating field 8 formed by the inner circumference of the edge 5 and the center 15 thereof in spirals 16, 17, 18, 19, the spiral course of which essentially corresponds to the basic shape of the heating field 8, but with round basic shape is only rounded over an arc angle of about 300 °, while they run approximately rectilinearly and parallel to one another over the remaining arc angle including a connector for the heating resistors.
  • the number of spirals is larger than the number of heating resistors and the number of spiral turns is larger than that of the spirals.
  • All spiral turns run essentially over their entire length parallel or with constant sections to one another, with all distances between adjacent ones Spiral turns are essentially the same and smaller than their cross-sectional width, so that there is a very dense occupation of the heating field with the heating resistors.
  • the longest heating resistor 11 forms two interlocking spirals, namely an outer spiral 16 and an inner spiral 17, the outer spiral 16 occupying only slightly less than or approximately two full spiral windings 20, between which there are as many spiral windings of other spirals as heating resistors are provided.
  • the inner spiral 17, on the other hand, has a somewhat smaller number of spiral windings, namely only just under two spiral windings, and with its inner end, like the outer spiral 16, extends approximately to the center 15 of the heating field 8.
  • the spiral 18 of the heating resistor 12 which has essentially the same number of spiral windings 22 as the spiral 16 and the inner end of which is approximately in the center of the S-bend 25.
  • the spiral 19 of the heating resistor 13 which has a number of spiral windings 23 corresponding to the spiral 16, namely approximately two spiral windings 23 and whose inner end is essentially in the center of the S-bow 26 is such that the two aforementioned inner ends are provided on both sides of the longitudinal section 24.
  • the outer or outermost spiral turn 23 of the spiral 19 extends approximately to the periphery 14 of the heating field 8, while the outermost spiral turn 20 of the heating resistor 11 is offset inwards by at least one spiral turn of the entire spiral arrangement.
  • the center 15 of the heating field 8 on the other hand, there are essentially sections of all three heating resistors 11, 12, 13 in an approximately uniform distribution, so that an unheated central zone can be dispensed with entirely.
  • the ends of the heating resistors 11, 12, 13 intended for the electrical connection are each formed by a short section with adjacent helical windings, on the inner circumference of which the front 7 opposite a bow-shaped connecting wire is attached, which is adjacent to the coil end with a U-shaped bracket section is sunk in the insulating body 4 such that the free stirrup leg protrudes from the inside of the insulating body 4 towards its front side 7, the ends of these free stirrup legs being intended for electrical connection by means of welding or soldering.
  • Both ends 27, 28 of the spirals 16, 17 of the heating resistor 11 lie in the region of the periphery 14 of the heating field 8 on the outside of the entire spiral arrangement, while only one end 29 and 31 of the remaining heating resistors 12, 13 lies in this area.
  • These outer connection ends lie essentially in the connection piece 34 enclosing arc angle, wherein the connector 34 has, for example, an insulating material base body which is attached to the edge of the shell of the support shell 3 such that it protrudes essentially only over the outer periphery and lies between the planes of the end face of the edge 5 and the bottom of the support shell 3 .
  • the connector 34 is provided with connecting members, for example with connecting plugs for connecting lines, which connect the radiator 1 to a manually operated switching device, for example a seven-stroke switch.
  • Rod-shaped connecting wires are guided from the connecting members through the edge 5 immediately adjacent to the front side 7 of the insulating body 4 into the interior of the shell.
  • the switch housing of a temperature limiter 35 Adjacent to the connecting piece 34, the switch housing of a temperature limiter 35 is fastened to the outer periphery of the shell edge of the support shell 3, via which at least one heating resistor, but expediently fewer than all heating resistors, are switched.
  • the outer, immediately adjacent ends 27, 31 of the heating resistors 11, 13 are directly connected to each other in an electrically conductive manner and connected together with the interposition of the temperature limiter 35 to an associated common connecting element of the connecting piece 34, while the other end 28 of the heating resistor 11 and the outer end 29 of the heating resistor 12 are separately connected to two further connecting members.
  • the inner ends 30, 32 of the heating resistors 12, 13 are directly electrically connected to one another by a bridge 33, which engages around the central longitudinal section 24 on the side remote from the edge 5 without contact and, for example, lies between the insulating body 4 and the insulating filling 6 on the rear side 9 can.
  • These inner ends 30, 32 are together via a connecting wire to a further connection element of the connecting piece 34 connected, this connecting wire bypassing the heating resistors or spirals on the side facing away from the edge 5 without contact and, for example, also lying like the bridge 33 on the rear side 9 of the insulating body 4.
  • the heating resistors 11, 12, 13 are expediently switched so that in the first, lowest switching stage all heating resistors and in the second switching stage only two heating resistors, namely heating resistors 11 and 13, are connected in series, while in the third and fourth switching stages on the one hand Heating resistor 13 and on the other hand, the heating resistor 11 is turned on alone; in the fifth switching stage the two heating resistors of the second switching stage are connected in parallel and finally in the sixth switching stage all heating resistors are also connected in parallel.
  • the heating resistor 11 is thus in operation in all other switching stages except for one switching stage, which also applies to the heating resistor 13, while the heating resistor 12 is only in the lowest and highest switching stage.
  • the described design results in a very evenly distributed power density in each switching stage and, in addition, the heating resistors that are brightly lit due to their wire cross-section or their power load during operation give practically every switching stage an immediate, essentially evenly distributed light indicator for the Operating state of the radiator 1, so that based on the glass ceramic plate or the like.
  • the glow pattern can be recognized easily and only with a slight delay the switch-on state of the radiator can be recognized.
  • the temperature limiter 35 has a straight rod-shaped temperature sensor 36 rigidly attached to the switch housing with its outer tube, which is expediently designed as an expansion rod sensor, penetrates the edge 5 in bore-like or groove-like openings on two opposite sides and is spaced from the front side 7 or with a small constant distance from the heating resistors 11, 12 13, the heating field 8 so that it with a smaller distance from the central axis 10 than from the periphery 14 on the ends 27, 28, 29, 31 of the heating resistors 11, 12, 13th opposite side of the axial plane of the carrier 2 parallel to it. Due to the temperature limiter 35, which switches off a maximum of two of the three heating resistors, a partial power remains switched on in the highest switching stage when it responds by further operation of the heating resistor 12.
  • the heating resistors are exclusively fixed by embedding in the front 7 of the insulating body 4, namely either by pressing the insulating body 4 or by pressing in after pressing over a part of its circumference which is less than half the total circumference.
  • At least one heating resistor, in particular heating resistor 11, is here over its entire length, i.e. continuously embedded to the same depth with each turn, the embedding between adjacent coils of the heating resistor can be provided such that the inner circumference of these coils is at least partially exposed to the front and is not, as is also conceivable, completely covered by insulating material.
  • the attachment by embedding in the manner described is only provided on longitudinal sections of the heating resistor which are spaced apart from one another in such a way that embedded between them Longitudinal sections lying at least with respect to the inner circumference of the helix are substantially completely exposed and, if need be, abut or engage in the insulating body 4 with the mentioned partial circumference of their outer circumference.
  • the exposed longitudinal sections are expediently longer than the embedded longitudinal sections.
  • spiral groove sections 38 lying one behind the other in the respective spiral longitudinal direction are formed in the front side 7 of the insulating body 4, these sections 38 forming a spiral groove 37 which is essentially regularly interrupted over its entire length and in cross section the associated partial scope of the heating resistor 12 or 13 are adapted.
  • these spiral groove sections 38 are shown in FIG. 1 only for the spiral groove 37 receiving the heating resistor 13.
  • the interruptions of the spiral groove 37 form elevations 39 with respect to the groove base thereof, which can protrude less or more than the groove depth above the groove base, but expediently exactly the same height as the groove depth, so that their head surfaces are then flush in the plane of the front side 7 of the insulating body 4 lie.
  • elevations 39 instead of a flat front 7 of the insulating body 4 between the spiral turns and in the region of the elevations 39, it is also conceivable to provide depressions or groove-like depressions between adjacent spiral turns such that the respective heating resistor on both sides in the manner of dam-like slopes between obliquely rising flanks of the insulating body lies, these flanks determine the partial circumference with which the heating resistor engages in the insulating body.
  • the insulating material of the insulating body 4 directly adjacent to the heating resistors can be better compressed.

Abstract

In an electrical heater, particularly a radiant heater for glass-ceramic cooking plates, a plurality of spirally interlocking heating resistors are provided, one of which heating resistors passes through the centre region continuously such that it forms two interlocking spirals (10, 17), distributed approximately evenly over the complete heating region, which do not, however, lie immediately adjacent to one another, but between whose spiral turns (20, 21) there is provided in each case at least one spiral turn of a further, spirally laid heating resistor. In this way, the length of the first-mentioned heating resistor can be made significantly larger in a simple manner, namely such that this heating resistor has a very high rated power and nevertheless can be laid without problems in the heating region, without any risk of local overheating. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen elektrischen Heizkörper nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to an electric heater according to the preamble of claim 1.

Derartige Heizkörper, die beispielsweise durch die DE-A1-33 15 438 bekannt geworden sind, sind meist als Strahlheizkörper für Kochstellen von Kochherden vorgesehen, wobei die durch das gesamte Heizfeld des Heizkörpers bestimmte Kochfläche bei jeder Betriebs-Schaltstellung, also beispielsweise bei jeder Leistungseinstellung des Heizkörpers, als ganzes und nicht nur jeweils, wie auch denkbar, in unterschiedlichen Kochfeldern beheizt wird. Der Heizkörper kann aber auch zur Beheizung einer Backofen-Muffel, eines aus Guß bestehenden Kochplattenkörpers einer Elektrokochplatte oder einer anderen zu beheizenden Wandung vorgesehen sein. Bei Ausbildung als Strahlheizkörper und nicht als Heizkörper, dessen Heizwiderstände vollständig in eine verpresste Isoliermasse eingebettet sind, wird der Heizkörper zweckmäßig an der Rückseite einer lichtdurchlässigen Platte, beispielsweise einer Glaskeramikplatte angeordnet. Die gebräuchliche Anordnung der Heizwiderstände ist so vorgesehen, daß mit einem sogenannten Sieben-Takt-schalter drei Heizwiderstände durch wahlweise Einzel-, Reihen- und Parallelschaltung in sechs Leistungsstufen zwischen einer minimalen und einer maximalen Gesamtleistung geschaltet werden können, während die siebte Schaltstufe dem vollständigen Abschalten aller Heizwiderstände dient.Such radiators, which have become known, for example, from DE-A1-33 15 438, are mostly provided as radiant heaters for hotplates of cookers, the cooking surface determined by the entire heating field of the radiator in each operating switch position, that is to say, for example, in each power setting of the Radiator, as a whole and not only in each case, as is also conceivable, is heated in different hobs. However, the heating element can also be provided for heating an oven muffle, a cast-iron body of an electric hotplate or another wall to be heated. If it is designed as a radiant heater and not as a radiator, the heating resistors of which are completely embedded in a pressed insulating compound, the radiator is expediently placed on the back of a translucent one Plate, for example a glass ceramic plate arranged. The usual arrangement of the heating resistors is provided so that with a so-called seven-cycle switch, three heating resistors can be switched in six power levels between a minimum and a maximum total power by optionally connecting them individually, in series and in parallel, while the seventh switching level switches off completely of all heating resistors.

Die Heizwiderstände haben ferner meist unterschiedliche Nennleistungen derart, daß ein knapp unterhalb der mittleren Gesamtleistung beispielsweise in der vierten Leistungsstufe in Einzelschaltung zu betreibender Heizwiderstand die höchste Nennleistung, ein in einer darunterliegenden, beispielsweise der dritten Leistungsstufe in Einzelschaltung zu betreibender Heizwiderstand eine mittlere Nennleistung und der dritte Heizwiderstand die geringste Nennleistung hat. Sind die drei Heizwiderstände in nur zwei Spiralen, also in einer zweigängigen Spirale angeordnet, so kann bei bestimmten Leistungseinstellungen, in welchen ein oder mehr Heizwiderstände vollständig abgeschaltet sind, eine verhältnismäßig ungleichmäßige Verteilung der Beheizung dergestalt auftreten, daß entweder nur im Peripheriebereich oder nur im Zentrumsbereich des Gesamtheizfeldes Heizleistung anfällt, was zwar in manchen Anwendungsfällen erwünscht sein mag, in anderen aber nicht zweckmäßig ist.The heating resistors also usually have different nominal powers such that a heating resistor to be operated just below the mean total power, for example in the fourth power stage in a single circuit, has the highest nominal power, a heating resistor in an underlying one, for example the third power stage in a single circuit, has a medium nominal power and the third Heating resistor has the lowest rated power. If the three heating resistors are arranged in only two spirals, i.e. in a two-start spiral, then at certain power settings in which one or more heating resistors are completely switched off, a relatively uneven distribution of the heating can occur in such a way that either only in the peripheral area or only in the central area of the total heating field is heating power, which may be desirable in some applications, but is not practical in others.

Ein durch die GB-A-2 186 166 bekanntgewordener Heizkörper weist im Zentralen Bereich des Heizfeldes einen ersten Heizwiderstand mit einer Richtungsumkehrung auf, der es erlaubt, diesen zentralen Bereich für sich ein- und auszuschalten.A radiator made known by GB-A-2 186 166 has a first heating resistor with a reversal of direction in the central area of the heating field, which allows this central area to be switched on and off for itself.

Bei einem durch die FR-A-2 539 940 bekanntgewordenen Heizkörper liegen die Spiralwindungen des ersten Heizwiderstandes unmittelbar benachbart zueinander, und zwischen die doppelspurigen Spiralwindungen dieses Heizwiderstandes greifen Spiralwindungen eines weiteren Heizwiderstandes ein. Dadurch kann bei Abschalten des weiteren Heizwiderstandes nur eine relativ breite Spiralzone beheizt werden, wodurch sich eine ungleichmäßige Wärmeverteilung im Bereich des Heizfeldes ergibt. Demgegenüber weist der Heizkörper der CH-A-193 572 nur zwei unmittelbar benachbart und ineinander liegende Spiralen eines einzigen ersten Heizwiderstandes auf, die gesondert betrieben werden könnten.In a radiator known from FR-A-2 539 940, the spiral turns of the first heating resistor are located directly adjacent to one another, and spiral turns of another heating resistor engage between the double-track spiral turns of this heating resistor. As a result, only a relatively wide spiral zone can be heated when the further heating resistor is switched off, which results in an uneven heat distribution in the area of the heating field. In contrast, the radiator of CH-A-193 572 has only two immediately adjacent and interlocking spirals of a single first heating resistor, which could be operated separately.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Heizkörper der genannten Art zu schaffen, bei welchem auf einfache Weise die Länge mindestens eines ersten Heizwiderstandes größer gewählt werden kann, als dies bei Verlegung in einer einzigen Spirale möglich wäre, so daß dieser Heizwiderstand aufgrund seiner Länge mit einer relativ hohen Nennleistung ausgestattet werden kann und trotzdem eine problemlose Verlegung im Heizfeld gewährleistet ist.The invention has for its object to provide a radiator of the type mentioned, in which the length of at least one first heating resistor can be selected to be greater than would be possible when laying in a single spiral, so that this heating resistor due to its length can be equipped with a relatively high nominal power and still ensure trouble-free installation in the heating field.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem elektrischen Heizkörper erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst.This object is achieved in an electric radiator according to the invention by the features of patent claim 1.

Zusätzlich hierzu oder stattdessen kann eine durch diesen ersten Heizwiderstand gebildete Spirale über die Spiralform hinaus an der Peripherie und/oder im Zentrum des Heizfeldes verlängert sein, jedoch ergibt sich eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung, wenn der erste Heizwiderstand eine äußere Spirale und eine innere Spirale bildet, wobei die äußerste Windung der äußeren Spirale alle übrigen Spiralwindungen dieses ersten Heizwiderstandes außen umgibt. Außerdem wäre denkbar, daß der erste Heizwiderstand drei oder mehr, insbesondere ebenfalls ineinanderliegende Spiralen bildet, wodurch seine Länge vergrößert und vor allem auch seine gleichmäßige Verteilung über das gesamte Heizfeld noch weiter verbessert werden könnte. Besteht der Heizwiderstand aus einer Drahtwendel, so kann der Drahtquerschnitt trotz hoher Nennleistung verhältnismäßig gering gewählt und es kann eine verhältnismäßig große Wendelsteigung vorgesehen werden, was der Standzeit des Heizwiderstandes zugute kommt.In addition to this or instead, a spiral formed by this first heating resistor can be connected to the Be spiral shape extended at the periphery and / or in the center of the heating field, but there is a particularly advantageous embodiment if the first heating resistor forms an outer spiral and an inner spiral, the outermost turn of the outer spiral, all other spiral turns of this first heating resistor outside surrounds. It would also be conceivable for the first heating resistor to form three or more spirals, in particular also one inside the other, which would increase its length and, above all, improve its uniform distribution over the entire heating field. If the heating resistor consists of a wire coil, the wire cross-section can be selected to be relatively small despite the high nominal power and a relatively large coil pitch can be provided, which benefits the service life of the heating resistor.

Es ist ferner denkbar, zwei oder mehr Heizwiderstände jeweils in zwei oder mehr Spiralen ineinander zu verlegen, wobei jedoch dann in der Regel die Heizwiderstände nicht alle über ihre gesamte Länge durchgehend in einer gemeinsamen Ebene anzuordnen, sondern zwischen benachbarten Abschnitten bzw. Spiralen des jeweiligen Heizwiderstandes elektrisch leitende Verbindungsbrücken vorzusehen sind, die zur Rück- oder Vorderseite des Heizwiderstandes gegenüber diesen Abschnitten versetzt sind und den bzw. die übrigen Heizwiderstände berührungsfrei umgehen. Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung ergibt sich daher, wenn nur ein einziger Heizwiderstand, insbesondere derjenige mit der höchsten Nennleistung, in der der beschriebenen Weise verlängert ist, da dieser dann zwischen seinen beiden, für den elektrischen Anschluß vorgesehenen Enden über seine gesamte Länge ununterbrochen kontinuierlich gleich ausgebildet werden kann und zwischen seinen Enden einen Längsabschnitt bildet, der die eine Spirale mit dem anschließenden, insbesondere ebenfalls spiralförmigen Abschnitt verbindet.It is also conceivable to lay two or more heating resistors one inside the other in two or more spirals, but in this case, as a rule, the heating resistors are then not arranged continuously in a common plane over their entire length, but rather between adjacent sections or spirals of the respective heating resistor Electrically conductive connecting bridges are to be provided, which are offset to the rear or front of the heating resistor in relation to these sections and bypass the other heating resistor (s) without contact. A particularly advantageous embodiment therefore results if only a single heating resistor, in particular the one with the highest rated power, is extended in the manner described, since this can then be formed continuously and continuously over its entire length between its two ends provided for the electrical connection and forms a longitudinal section between its ends, which connects a spiral to the subsequent, in particular likewise spiral section.

Statt der beschriebenen Ausbildung, insbesondere jedoch zusätzlich hierzu ist gemäß der Erfindung des weiteren vorgesehen, daß von einem Heizwiderstand nur im Abstand voneinander liegende Längsabschnitte in einem Isolierkörper eingebettet und dazwischen liegende Längsabschnitte im wesentlichen freiliegend, insbesondere in Abschnitten einer Spiralnut angeordnet sind. Zweckmäßig weist der Isolierträger aus ihm ausgeformte rippenartige oder warzenförmige, in Längsrichtung des jeweiligen Heizwiderstandes im Abstand zueinander liegende Erhebungen auf, in die der Heizwiderstand bzw. die Heizwendel auf einem Teil des Wendelumfanges eingebettet ist, wobei der jeweilige Heizwiderstand im Bereich der Erhebungen etwa bis zur Hälfte eingebettet sein kann und der Bereich der Mittelachse der Heizwendel zweckmäßig von der Einbettung derart weitgehend frei bleibt, daß der Innenumfang der Heizwendel auch im Bereich der Einbettung nicht vollständig vom Material des Isolierkörpers abgedeckt zu sein braucht, sondern unmittelbar abstrahlen kann.Instead of the design described, but in particular in addition to this, the invention further provides that longitudinal sections of a heating resistor are only spaced apart from one another in an insulating body and longitudinal sections lying therebetween are essentially exposed, in particular in sections of a spiral groove. The insulating support expediently has rib-like or wart-shaped protrusions formed from it in the longitudinal direction of the respective heating resistor, in which the heating resistor or the heating coil is embedded on part of the circumference of the coil, the respective heating resistor in the region of the elevations approximately up to Half can be embedded and the area of the central axis of the heating coil expediently remains largely free of embedding in such a way that the inner circumference of the heating coil in the area of the embedding need not be completely covered by the material of the insulating body, but can radiate directly.

Die Erhebungen können in besonders vorteilhafter Weise dadurch gebildet sein, daß zwischen in Längsrichtung des Heizwiderstandes benachbarten Erhebungen jeweils ein Abschnitt der Spiralnut eingeformt ist, so daß also die Erhebungen nicht über die Vorderseite bzw. vordere Fläche des Isolierkörpers vorzustehen brauchen, sondern diese Vorderfläche gemeinsam mit den Kopfflächen der Erhebungen im wesentlichen in einer Ebene liegt. Damit wenigstens teilweise freiliegende Längsabschnitte des Heizwiderstandes vorgesehen werden können, ist diese Vorderfläche dann im Bereich dieser Längsabschnitte praktisch durch entsprechende Vertiefungen ausgehöhlt, wobei diese Vertiefungen die Abschnitte der Spiralnut bilden. Die Ausbildung kann aber auch nach der DE-A1-27 29 929 vorgesehen werden, bei welcher die die Heizwiderstände aufnehmenden Erhebungen über die Vorderseite des Isolierkörpers vorstehen und auf die wegen weiterer Einzelheiten und Wirkungen hier Bezug genommen wird.The elevations can be formed in a particularly advantageous manner in that a portion of the spiral groove is formed between adjacent elevations in the longitudinal direction of the heating resistor, so that the elevations do not have to protrude over the front or front surface of the insulating body, but rather together with this front surface the top surfaces of the elevations lie essentially in one plane. Thus at least partially exposed longitudinal sections of the heating resistor can be provided, this front surface is then practically hollowed out in the area of these longitudinal sections by corresponding depressions, these depressions forming the sections of the spiral groove. The training can also be provided according to DE-A1-27 29 929, in which the elevations receiving the heating resistors protrude beyond the front of the insulating body and to which reference is made here for further details and effects.

Diese und weitere Merkmale von bevorzugten Weiterbildungen der Erfindung gehen außer aus den Unteransprüchen auch aus der Beschreibung und den Zeichnungen hervor, wobei die einzelnen Merkmale jeweils für sich allein oder zu mehreren in Form von Unterkombinationen bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung sowie auf anderen Gebieten verwirklicht sein und vorteilhafte, ggf. für sich schutzfähige Ausführungen darstellen können, für die hier Schutz beansprucht wird. Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher erläutert. In den Zeichnungen zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen erfindungsgemäßen Heizkörper in Ansicht auf die Vorderseite,
Fig. 2
einen Teilschnitt durch den Heizkörper gemäß Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
einen Ausschnitt der Fig. 2 in einem abgewickelten Schnitt.
These and other features of preferred developments of the invention are apparent from the subclaims and also from the description and the drawings, the individual features being implemented individually or in groups in the form of subcombinations in one embodiment of the invention and in other fields, and can represent advantageous, possibly self-protective designs for which protection is claimed here. An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings and is explained in more detail below. The drawings show:
Fig. 1
a radiator according to the invention in view of the front,
Fig. 2
2 shows a partial section through the radiator according to FIG. 1,
Fig. 3
a section of Fig. 2 in a developed section.

Der erfindungsgemäße Heizkörper gemäß Fig. 1 weist einen zur Vorderseite schalenförmig offenen, aus mehreren Teilen zusammengesetzten Träger 2 auf. Der Träger 2 besteht im wesentlichen aus einer Tragschale 3 aus Blech oder einem ähnlichen, dünnwandigen Werkstoff, in welcher ein gegenüber ihrem Boden abgestützter, platten- bzw. kartenförmiger Isolierkörper 4 angeordnet ist, der aus einem, faserige Materialien enthaltenden Isoliermaterial gepresst ist und eine pappartige Struktur aufweist. Der gegenüber dem Rand bzw. Mantel der Tragschale 3 zentrierte und sich über den größten Teil der Grundfläche der Tragschale 3 erstreckende Isolierkörper 4 weist einen über seine Vorderseite vorstehenden, gegenüber ihm dickeren Rand 5 auf, der einteilig mit dem Isolierkörper 4 oder als gesonderter Bauteil in Form eines Ringes ausgebildet sein kann, welcher den Isolierkörper 4 dann zweckmäßig mit einer Ringschulter an der Vorderseite übergreift. Der Rand 5 steht geringfügig über den Rand der Tragschale 3 vor und bildet eine ebene, entsprechend dem Isoliermaterial geringfügig elastisch nachgiebige Stirnfläche, mit welcher der, eine geschlossene Baueinheit bildende Heizkörper 1 so im wesentlichen abgedichtet gegen die Rückseite einer Platte, beispielsweise einer Glaskeramikplatte federnd gepresst werden kann, daß stets eine elastisch selbstnachstellende Anlage gewährleistet und das Innere der Schale nach außen abgedichtet ist. Der Isolierkörper 4 und der Rand 5 sind auf einer mindestens einschichtigen Isolierfüllung 6 angeordnet, welche am Inneren des Schalenbodens der Tragschale 3 anliegt und im Gegensatz zum selbsttragenden Isolierkörper 4 aus einem Material relativ geringer mechanischer Festigkeit, jedoch hoher Wäremisolierfähigkeit, beispielsweise aus einem Schüttmaterial besteht.1 has a carrier 2 which is open in the form of a shell and is composed of several parts. The carrier 2 consists essentially of a carrier shell 3 made of sheet metal or a similar, thin-walled material, in which one opposite Its bottom-supported, plate-shaped or card-shaped insulating body 4 is arranged, which is pressed from an insulating material containing fibrous materials and has a cardboard-like structure. The insulating body 4, which is centered with respect to the edge or jacket of the supporting shell 3 and extends over the largest part of the base area of the supporting shell 3, has an edge 5 which projects beyond its front side and is thicker than it and which is integral with the insulating body 4 or as a separate component in Can be formed in the form of a ring, which then expediently overlaps the insulating body 4 with an annular shoulder on the front. The edge 5 protrudes slightly beyond the edge of the support shell 3 and forms a flat end surface which is slightly elastically resilient in accordance with the insulating material and with which the heating element 1, forming a closed structural unit, is resiliently pressed against the back of a plate, for example a glass ceramic plate can be that an elastically self-adjusting system is always guaranteed and the inside of the shell is sealed to the outside. The insulating body 4 and the edge 5 are arranged on an at least one-layer insulating filling 6, which lies against the inside of the shell bottom of the supporting shell 3 and, in contrast to the self-supporting insulating body 4, consists of a material of relatively low mechanical strength but high thermal insulation capacity, for example of a bulk material.

Die Vorderseite 7 des Heizkörpers 1 ist durch die im Schaleninnern frei liegende Stirnfläche des Isolierkörpers 4 gebildet und bestimmt mit ihrer vom Innenumfang des Randes 5 begrenzten Flächenausdehnung praktisch das Heizfeld 8 des Heizkörpers 1. Die Rückseite 9 des Isolierkörpers 4 kann nur im Randbereich an der Isolierfüllung 6 abgestützt sein und ansonsten gegenüber dieser einen Spaltabstand aufweisen. In der Regel hat das Heizfeld 8 eine zu seiner Mittelachse 10 zentrisch symmetrische, beispielsweies kreisrunde, ovale, rechteckige bzw. quadratische Form, es kann aber auch andere Grundformen aufweisen. An der Vorderseite 7 des Isolierkörpers 4 sind drei in einer gemeinsamen, zur Mittelachse 10 rechtwinkligen Ebene liegende Heizwiderstände 11, 12, 13 befestigt, wobei der einzelne Heizwiderstand dadurch definiert ist, daß er in der jeweiligen Leistungsstufe als Ganzes entweder ein- oder ausgeschaltet ist; der einzelne Heizwiderstand kann insofern aus gesonderten, aneinandergereihten Heizwiderstandsabschnitten oder aus einem zwischen seinen Enden kontinuierlichen Heizwiderstand bestehen. Die drei Heizwiderstände sind durch Drahtwendeln unterschiedlicher Länge sowie unterschiedlichen Drahtquerschnittes, jedoch etwa gleichen Abstandes zwischen den Drähten jeder Windung gebildet, wobei der Heizwiderstand 11 die größte Länge sowie den größten Drahtquerschnitt, der Heizwiderstand 12 die kleinste Länge sowie den kleinsten Drahtquerschnitt und der Heizwiderstand 13 eine dazwischenliegende Länge sowie einen dazwischenliegenden Drahtquerschnitt aufweisen.The front side 7 of the heating element 1 is formed by the end face of the insulating element 4 which is exposed inside the shell and, with its surface area limited by the inner circumference of the edge 5, practically determines the heating field 8 of the heating element 1. The rear side 9 of the insulating element 4 can only be in the edge area on the insulating filling 6 be supported and otherwise have a gap distance from this. As a rule, the heating field 8 has one to its central axis 10 centrically symmetrical, for example circular, oval, rectangular or square shape, but it can also have other basic shapes. On the front 7 of the insulating body 4, three heating resistors 11, 12, 13 are attached in a common plane perpendicular to the central axis 10, the individual heating resistor being defined in that it is either switched on or off as a whole in the respective power level; the individual heating resistor can thus consist of separate, connected heating resistor sections or of a heating resistor which is continuous between its ends. The three heating resistors are formed by wire coils of different lengths and different wire cross-sections, but approximately the same distance between the wires of each turn, the heating resistor 11 having the greatest length and the largest wire cross-section, the heating resistor 12 the smallest length and the smallest wire cross-section and the heating resistor 13 one have an intermediate length and an intermediate wire cross-section.

Die Heizwiderstände 11, 12, 13 sind zwischen der durch den Innenumfang des Randes 5 gebildeten Peripherie 14 des Heizfeldes 8 und dessen Zentrum 15 in Spiralen 16, 17, 18, 19 verlegt, deren Spiralverlauf der Grundform des Heizfeldes 8 im wesentlichen entspricht, jedoch bei runder Grundform nur über einen Bogenwinkel von etwa 300° entsprechend gerundet verläuft, während sie über den restlichen, ein Anschlußstück für die Heizwiderstände einschließenden Bogenwinkel annähernd geradlinig und parallel zueinander verlaufen. Die Anzahl der Spiralen ist größer als die Anzahl der Heizwiderstände und die Anzahl der Spiralwindungen wiederum größer als diejenige der Spiralen.The heating resistors 11, 12, 13 are laid between the periphery 14 of the heating field 8 formed by the inner circumference of the edge 5 and the center 15 thereof in spirals 16, 17, 18, 19, the spiral course of which essentially corresponds to the basic shape of the heating field 8, but with round basic shape is only rounded over an arc angle of about 300 °, while they run approximately rectilinearly and parallel to one another over the remaining arc angle including a connector for the heating resistors. The number of spirals is larger than the number of heating resistors and the number of spiral turns is larger than that of the spirals.

Alle Spiralwindungen verlaufen im wesentlichen über ihre gesamte Länge parallel bzw. mit konstanten Abschnitten zueinander, wobei alle Abstände zwischen benachbarten Spiralwindungen im wesentlichen gleich sowie kleiner als deren Querschnittsweite sind, so daß sich eine sehr dichte Besetzung des Heizfeldes mit den Heizwiderständen ergibt. Obwohl es denkbar ist, Spiralen bzw. Spiralwindungen mindestens eines Heizwiderstandes unmittelbar benachbart zueinander vorzusehen, ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn alle Spiralen abwechselnd so nebeneinanderliegen, daß jeweils alle vorhandenen Spiralen aufeinanderfolgen.All spiral turns run essentially over their entire length parallel or with constant sections to one another, with all distances between adjacent ones Spiral turns are essentially the same and smaller than their cross-sectional width, so that there is a very dense occupation of the heating field with the heating resistors. Although it is conceivable to provide spirals or spiral windings of at least one heating resistor directly adjacent to one another, it is particularly advantageous if all spirals lie alternately next to one another in such a way that all of the spirals present follow one another.

Der längste Heizwiderstand 11 bildet zwei ineinander liegende Spiralen, nämlich eine äußere Spirale 16 und eine innere Spirale 17, wobei die äußere Spirale 16 nur geringfügig weniger als bzw. annähernd zwei volle Spiralwindungen 20 einnimmt, zwischen denen so viel Spiralwindungen anderer Spiralen liegen, wie Heizwiderstände vorgesehen sind. Die innere Spirale 17 dagegen weist eine etwas geringere Anzahl von Spiralwindungen, nämlich nur knapp zwei Spiralwindungen auf und reicht mit Ihrem inneren Ende ebenso wie die äußere Spirale 16 annähernd bis ins Zentrum 15 des Heizfeldes 8. Im Bereich dieses Zentrums sind die innersten Windungen 20, 21 dieser beiden Spiralen 16, 17 über einen mittleren, im wesentlichen S-förmigen Längsabschnitt 24 dieses Heizwiderstandes 11 miteinander verbunden, wobei der eine, annähernd halbkreisförmige S-Bogen 25 unmittelbar an das gekrümmte innere Ende der inneren Spiralwindung 20 der äußeren Spirale 16 und der andere, mehr als halbkreisförmige S-Bogen 26 unmittelbar an das innere, geradlinige Ende der Spiralwindung 21 der inneren Spirale 17 tangential derart anschließt, daß er die Mittelachse 10 umgibt.The longest heating resistor 11 forms two interlocking spirals, namely an outer spiral 16 and an inner spiral 17, the outer spiral 16 occupying only slightly less than or approximately two full spiral windings 20, between which there are as many spiral windings of other spirals as heating resistors are provided. The inner spiral 17, on the other hand, has a somewhat smaller number of spiral windings, namely only just under two spiral windings, and with its inner end, like the outer spiral 16, extends approximately to the center 15 of the heating field 8. In the area of this center are the innermost windings 20, 21 of these two spirals 16, 17 connected to one another via a central, essentially S-shaped longitudinal section 24 of this heating resistor 11, the one, approximately semicircular S-arch 25 directly to the curved inner end of the inner spiral turn 20 of the outer spiral 16 and the other, more than semicircular S-curve 26 tangentially adjoins the inner, straight end of the spiral turn 21 of the inner spiral 17 such that it surrounds the central axis 10.

Zwischen den Spiralen 16, 17 des Heizwiderstandes 11 liegt die Spirale 18 des Heizwiderstandes 12, die im wesentlichen gleich viele Spiralwindungen 22 wie die Spirale 16 hat und deren inneres Ende annähernd im Zentrum des S-Bogens 25 liegt. Entlang der Außenseite der Spirale 16 des Heizwiderstandes 11 und daher nach etwa einer äußersten Spiralwindung 23 zwischen den Spiralen 16, 17, und insofern nie unmittelbar benachbart zur Spirale 18, liegt die Spirale 19 des Heizwiderstandes 13, die eine der Spirale 16 entsprechende Anzahl von Spiralwindungen 23, nämlich annähernd zwei Spiralwindungen 23 aufweist und deren inneres Ende im wesentlichen im Zentrum des S-Bogens 26 liegt, derart daß die beiden genannten inneren Enden beiderseits des Längsabschnittes 24 vorgesehen sind. Die äußere bzw. äußerste Spiralwindung 23 der Spirale 19 reicht annähernd bis an die Peripherie 14 des Heizfeldes 8, während die äußerste Spiralwindung 20 des Heizwiderstandes 11 um wenigstens eine Spiralwindung der gesamten Spiralanordnung nach innen versetzt ist. Im Zentrum 15 des Heizfeldes 8 dagegen liegen im wesentlichen Abschnitte aller drei Heizwiderstände 11, 12, 13 in annähernd gleichmäßiger Verteilung, so daß auf eine unbeheizte Mittelzone ganz verzichtet werden kann.Between the spirals 16, 17 of the heating resistor 11 is the spiral 18 of the heating resistor 12, which has essentially the same number of spiral windings 22 as the spiral 16 and the inner end of which is approximately in the center of the S-bend 25. Along the outside of the spiral 16 of the heating resistor 11 and therefore after an outermost spiral turn 23 between the spirals 16, 17, and in this respect never immediately adjacent to the spiral 18, is the spiral 19 of the heating resistor 13, which has a number of spiral windings 23 corresponding to the spiral 16, namely approximately two spiral windings 23 and whose inner end is essentially in the center of the S-bow 26 is such that the two aforementioned inner ends are provided on both sides of the longitudinal section 24. The outer or outermost spiral turn 23 of the spiral 19 extends approximately to the periphery 14 of the heating field 8, while the outermost spiral turn 20 of the heating resistor 11 is offset inwards by at least one spiral turn of the entire spiral arrangement. In the center 15 of the heating field 8, on the other hand, there are essentially sections of all three heating resistors 11, 12, 13 in an approximately uniform distribution, so that an unheated central zone can be dispensed with entirely.

Die für den elektrischen Anschluß bestimmten Enden der Heizwiderstände 11, 12, 13 sind jeweils durch einen kurzen Abschnitt mit aneinanderliegenden Wendelwindungen gebildet, an deren Innenumfang der Vorderseite 7 gegenüberliegend jeweils ein bügelförmig gebogener Anschlußdraht befestigt ist, der benachbart zum Wendelende mit einem U-förmigen Bügelabschnitt in dem Isolierkörper 4 derart versenkt ist, daß der freie Bügelschenkel vom Inneren des Isolierkörpers 4 in Richtung zu dessen Vorderseite 7 vorsteht, wobei die Enden dieser freien Bügelschenkel für den elektrischen Anschluß mittels Schweißung oder Lötung bestimmt sind.The ends of the heating resistors 11, 12, 13 intended for the electrical connection are each formed by a short section with adjacent helical windings, on the inner circumference of which the front 7 opposite a bow-shaped connecting wire is attached, which is adjacent to the coil end with a U-shaped bracket section is sunk in the insulating body 4 such that the free stirrup leg protrudes from the inside of the insulating body 4 towards its front side 7, the ends of these free stirrup legs being intended for electrical connection by means of welding or soldering.

Beide Enden 27, 28 der Spiralen 16, 17 des Heizwiderstandes 11 liegen im Bereich der Peripherie 14 des Heizfeldes 8 an der Außenseite der gesamten Spiralanordnung, während von den übrigen Heizwiderständen 12, 13 nur jeweils ein Ende 29 bzw. 31 in diesem Bereich liegt. Diese äußeren Anschluß-Enden liegen im wesentlichen in dem das Anschlußstück 34 einschließenden Bogenwinkel, wobei das Anschlußstück 34 beispielsweise einen aus Isolierwerkstoff bestehenden Grundkörper aufweist, der am Schalenrand der Tragschale 3 derart befestigt ist, daß er im wesentlichen nur über dessen Außenumfang vorsteht und zwischen den Ebenen der Stirnfläche des Randes 5 und des Bodens der Tragschale 3 liegt. Das Anschlußstück 34 ist mit Anschlußgliedern, beispielsweise mit Anschlußsteckern für Anschlußleitungen versehen, welche den Heizkörper 1 mit einer von Hand zu betätigenden Schalteinrichtung, beispielsweise einem Sieben-Takt-Schalter verbinden.Both ends 27, 28 of the spirals 16, 17 of the heating resistor 11 lie in the region of the periphery 14 of the heating field 8 on the outside of the entire spiral arrangement, while only one end 29 and 31 of the remaining heating resistors 12, 13 lies in this area. These outer connection ends lie essentially in the connection piece 34 enclosing arc angle, wherein the connector 34 has, for example, an insulating material base body which is attached to the edge of the shell of the support shell 3 such that it protrudes essentially only over the outer periphery and lies between the planes of the end face of the edge 5 and the bottom of the support shell 3 . The connector 34 is provided with connecting members, for example with connecting plugs for connecting lines, which connect the radiator 1 to a manually operated switching device, for example a seven-stroke switch.

Von den Anschlußgliedern sind stabförmige Anschlußdrähte durch den Rand 5 unmittelbar benachbart zur Vorderseite 7 des Isolierkörpers 4 in das Schaleninnere geführt. Benachbart zum Anschlußstück 34 ist am Außenumfang des Schalenrandes der Tragschale 3 das Schaltergehäuse eines Temperaturbegrenzers 35 befestigt, über welchen mindestens ein Heizwiderstand, jedoch zweckmäßig weniger als alle Heizwiderstände geschaltet werden. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die äußeren, unmittelbar benachbart zueinander liegenden Enden 27, 31 der Heizwiderstände 11, 13 unmittelbar elektrisch leitend miteinander verbunden und gemeinsam unter Zwischenschaltung des Temperaturbegrenzers 35 an ein zugehöriges gemeinsames Anschlußglied des Anschlußstückes 34 angeschlossen, während das andere Ende 28 des Heizwiderstandes 11 sowie das äußere Ende 29 des Heizwiderstandes 12 an zwei weitere Anschlußglieder gesondert angeschlossen sind. Die inneren Enden 30, 32 der Heizwiderstände 12, 13 sind unmittelbar elektrisch miteinander durch eine Brücke 33 verbunden, welche den mittleren Längsabschnitt 24 an der vom Rand 5 abgekehrten Seite berührungsfrei umgreift und beispielsweise zwischen dem Isolierkörper 4 und der Isolierfüllung 6 an der Rückseite 9 liegen kann. Diese inneren Enden 30, 32 sind gemeinsam über einen Anschußdraht an ein weiteres Anschlußglied des Anschlußstückes 34 angeschlossen, wobei dieser Anschlußdraht die Heizwiderstände bzw. Spiralen an der vom Rand 5 abgekehrten Seite berührungsfrei umgeht und beispielsweise ebenfalls wie die Brücke 33 an der Rückseite 9 des Isolierkörpers 4 liegen kann.Rod-shaped connecting wires are guided from the connecting members through the edge 5 immediately adjacent to the front side 7 of the insulating body 4 into the interior of the shell. Adjacent to the connecting piece 34, the switch housing of a temperature limiter 35 is fastened to the outer periphery of the shell edge of the support shell 3, via which at least one heating resistor, but expediently fewer than all heating resistors, are switched. In the illustrated embodiment, the outer, immediately adjacent ends 27, 31 of the heating resistors 11, 13 are directly connected to each other in an electrically conductive manner and connected together with the interposition of the temperature limiter 35 to an associated common connecting element of the connecting piece 34, while the other end 28 of the heating resistor 11 and the outer end 29 of the heating resistor 12 are separately connected to two further connecting members. The inner ends 30, 32 of the heating resistors 12, 13 are directly electrically connected to one another by a bridge 33, which engages around the central longitudinal section 24 on the side remote from the edge 5 without contact and, for example, lies between the insulating body 4 and the insulating filling 6 on the rear side 9 can. These inner ends 30, 32 are together via a connecting wire to a further connection element of the connecting piece 34 connected, this connecting wire bypassing the heating resistors or spirals on the side facing away from the edge 5 without contact and, for example, also lying like the bridge 33 on the rear side 9 of the insulating body 4.

Die Heizwiderstände 11, 12, 13 sind zweckmäßig so geschaltet, daß in der ersten, niedrigsten Schaltstufe alle Heizwiderstände und in der zweiten Schaltstufe nur zwei Heizwiderstände, nämlich die Heizwiderstände 11 und 13 in Reihe geschaltet sind, während in der dritten und vierten Schaltstufe einerseits der Heizwiderstand 13 und andererseits der Heizwiderstand 11 allein eingeschaltet ist; in der fünften Schaltstufe sind die beiden Heizwiderstände der zweiten Schaltstufe parallel und schließlich in der sechsten Schaltstufe alle Heizwiderstände ebenfalls parallel geschaltet. Der Heizwiderstand 11 ist also bis auf eine Schaltstufe in allen übrigen Schaltstufen in Betrieb, was auch für den Heizwiderstand 13 gilt, während der Heizwiderstand 12 nur in der niedrigsten und höchsten Schaltstuf ein Betrieb ist.The heating resistors 11, 12, 13 are expediently switched so that in the first, lowest switching stage all heating resistors and in the second switching stage only two heating resistors, namely heating resistors 11 and 13, are connected in series, while in the third and fourth switching stages on the one hand Heating resistor 13 and on the other hand, the heating resistor 11 is turned on alone; in the fifth switching stage the two heating resistors of the second switching stage are connected in parallel and finally in the sixth switching stage all heating resistors are also connected in parallel. The heating resistor 11 is thus in operation in all other switching stages except for one switching stage, which also applies to the heating resistor 13, while the heating resistor 12 is only in the lowest and highest switching stage.

Durch die beschriebene Ausbildung ergibt sich in jeder Schaltstufe eine sehr gleichmäßig über das Heizfeld verteilte Leistungsdichte und außerdem geben die aufgrund ihres Drahtquerschnittes oder ihrer Leistungsbelastung im Betrieb hell erleuchteten Heizwiderstände praktisch in jeder Schaltstufe eine unmittelbare, im wesentlichen gleichmäßig über das gesamte Heizfeld verteilte Leuchtanzeige für den Betriebszustand des Heizkörpers 1, so daß anhand des durch die Glaskeramikplatte o.dgl. hindurch erkennbaren Glühbildes leicht und nur mit geringer Verzögerung der Einschaltzustand des Heizkörpers erkannt werden kann.The described design results in a very evenly distributed power density in each switching stage and, in addition, the heating resistors that are brightly lit due to their wire cross-section or their power load during operation give practically every switching stage an immediate, essentially evenly distributed light indicator for the Operating state of the radiator 1, so that based on the glass ceramic plate or the like. the glow pattern can be recognized easily and only with a slight delay the switch-on state of the radiator can be recognized.

Der Temperaturbegrenzer 35 weist einen mit seinem Außenrohr starr am Schaltergehäuse befestigten, geradlinig stabförmigen Temperaturfühler 36 auf, der zweckmäßig als Dehnstabfühler ausgebildet ist, den Rand 5 in bohrungs- oder nutartigen Öffnungen an zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Seiten durchsetzt und mit Abstand von der Vorderseite 7 bzw. mit geringem konstantem Abstand von den Heizwiderständen 11, 12 13 das Heizfeld 8 so überquert, daß er mit geringerem Abstand von der Mittelachse 10 als von der Peripherie 14 auf der von den Enden 27, 28, 29, 31 der Heizwiderstände 11, 12, 13 abgekehrten Seite der zu ihm parallelen Axialebene des Trägers 2 liegt. Durch den Temperaturbegrenzer 35, der maximal zwei der drei Heizwiderstände abschaltet, bleibt in der höchsten Schaltstufe bei seinem Ansprechen noch eine Teilleistung durch weiteren Betrieb des Heizwiderstandes 12 eingeschaltet.The temperature limiter 35 has a straight rod-shaped temperature sensor 36 rigidly attached to the switch housing with its outer tube, which is expediently designed as an expansion rod sensor, penetrates the edge 5 in bore-like or groove-like openings on two opposite sides and is spaced from the front side 7 or with a small constant distance from the heating resistors 11, 12 13, the heating field 8 so that it with a smaller distance from the central axis 10 than from the periphery 14 on the ends 27, 28, 29, 31 of the heating resistors 11, 12, 13th opposite side of the axial plane of the carrier 2 parallel to it. Due to the temperature limiter 35, which switches off a maximum of two of the three heating resistors, a partial power remains switched on in the highest switching stage when it responds by further operation of the heating resistor 12.

Die Heizwiderstände sind ausschließlich durch Einbettung in die Vorderseite 7 des Isolierkörpers 4 befestigt, nämlich entweder mit dem Verpressen des Isolierkörpers 4 oder durch Eindrücken nach dem Verpressen über einen Teil ihres Umfanges eingebettet, der kleiner als die Hälfte des Gesamtumfanges ist. Mindestens ein Heizwiderstand, insbesondere der Heizwiderstand 11 ist dabei über seine gesamte Länge, d.h. mit jeder Windung kontinuierlich gleich tief eingebettet, wobei die Einbettung zwischen benachbarten Wendeln des Heizwiderstandes so vorgesehen sein kann, daß der Innenumfang dieser Wendeln zur Vorderseite hin noch wenigstens teilweise frei liegt und nicht, wie auch denkbar, vollständig von Isoliermatierial abgedeckt ist.The heating resistors are exclusively fixed by embedding in the front 7 of the insulating body 4, namely either by pressing the insulating body 4 or by pressing in after pressing over a part of its circumference which is less than half the total circumference. At least one heating resistor, in particular heating resistor 11, is here over its entire length, i.e. continuously embedded to the same depth with each turn, the embedding between adjacent coils of the heating resistor can be provided such that the inner circumference of these coils is at least partially exposed to the front and is not, as is also conceivable, completely covered by insulating material.

Im Falle mindestens eines Heizwiderstandes, insbesondere der beiden Heizwiderstände 12, 13 ist die Befestigung durch Einbettung in der beschriebenen Weise nur an im Abstand voneinander liegenden Längsabschnitten des Heizwiderstandes derart vorgesehen, daß zwischen diesen eingebetteten Längsabschnitten liegende Längsabschnitte zumindest hinsichtlich des Wendel-Innenumfanges im wesentlichen vollständig frei liegen und allenfalls mit dem genannten Teilumfang ihres Außenumfanges an dem Isolierkörper 4 anliegen bzw. in diesen eingreifen. Die freiliegenden Längsabschnitte sind zweckmäßig länger als die eingebetteten Längsabschnitte. Damit die freiliegenden Längsabschnitte geschaffen werden können, sind in der jeweiligen Spiral-Längsrichtung hintereinander liegende Spiralnut-Abschnitte 38 in die Vorderseite 7 des Isolierkörpers 4 eingeformt, wobei diese Abschnitte 38 eine über ihre gesamte Länge im wesentlichen regelmäßig unterbrochene Spiralnut 37 bilden und im Querschnitt an den zugehörigen Teilumfang des Heizwiderstandes 12 bzw. 13 angepaßt sind. Der übersichtlichkeit halber sind diese Spiralnutabschnitte 38 in Figur 1 nur für die den Heizwiderstand 13 aufnehmende Spiralnut 37 dargestellt.In the case of at least one heating resistor, in particular the two heating resistors 12, 13, the attachment by embedding in the manner described is only provided on longitudinal sections of the heating resistor which are spaced apart from one another in such a way that embedded between them Longitudinal sections lying at least with respect to the inner circumference of the helix are substantially completely exposed and, if need be, abut or engage in the insulating body 4 with the mentioned partial circumference of their outer circumference. The exposed longitudinal sections are expediently longer than the embedded longitudinal sections. So that the exposed longitudinal sections can be created, spiral groove sections 38 lying one behind the other in the respective spiral longitudinal direction are formed in the front side 7 of the insulating body 4, these sections 38 forming a spiral groove 37 which is essentially regularly interrupted over its entire length and in cross section the associated partial scope of the heating resistor 12 or 13 are adapted. For the sake of clarity, these spiral groove sections 38 are shown in FIG. 1 only for the spiral groove 37 receiving the heating resistor 13.

Die Unterbrechungen der Spiralnut 37 bilden gegenüber deren Nutgrund Erhebungen 39, die weniger oder mehr als die Nuttiefe über dem Nutgrund vorstehen können, zweckmäßig jedoch in ihrer Höhe genau der Nuttiefe gleichen, so daß ihre Kopfflächen bündig anschließend in der Ebene der Vorderseite 7 des Isolierkörpers 4 liegen. Anstatt einer zwischen den Spiralwindungen und im Bereich der Erhebungen 39 durchgehend ebenen Vorderseite 7 des Isolierkörpers 4 ist es auch denkbar, zwischen benachbarten Spiralwindungen Vertiefungen bzw. rillenartige Vertiefungen derart vorzusehen, daß der jeweilige Heizwiderstand beiderseits nach Art von dammartigen Böschungen zwischen schräg ansteigenden Flanken des Isolierkörpers liegt, wobei diese Flanken den Teilumfang bestimmen, mit welchem der Heizwiderstand in den Isolierkörper eingreift. Dadurch läßt sich das Isoliermaterial des Isolierkörpers 4 unmittelbar benachbart zu den Heizwiderständen besser verdichten.The interruptions of the spiral groove 37 form elevations 39 with respect to the groove base thereof, which can protrude less or more than the groove depth above the groove base, but expediently exactly the same height as the groove depth, so that their head surfaces are then flush in the plane of the front side 7 of the insulating body 4 lie. Instead of a flat front 7 of the insulating body 4 between the spiral turns and in the region of the elevations 39, it is also conceivable to provide depressions or groove-like depressions between adjacent spiral turns such that the respective heating resistor on both sides in the manner of dam-like slopes between obliquely rising flanks of the insulating body lies, these flanks determine the partial circumference with which the heating resistor engages in the insulating body. As a result, the insulating material of the insulating body 4, directly adjacent to the heating resistors, can be better compressed.

Claims (14)

  1. Electric heater (1), particularly a radiant heater, with a carrier (2) forming a front (7) for giving off heat, on which is provided for the formation of a heating field (8) at least one elongated heating resistor (11,12,13) having elongated resistor portions and a plurality of spirals (16,17,18,19), at least one first heating resistor (11) having two nested spiral turns (20,21) interconnected by means of at least one longitudinal portion (24) as a connecting bridge and the heating field (8) has an outermost spiral turn (23), a centre (15) and a periphery (14), characterized in that between the nested spiral turns (20,21) of the at least one first heating resistor (11) engages at least one further resistor portion of at least one heating resistor (12,13).
  2. Heater according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one longitudinal portion (24) of the connecting bridge is constructed as a resistance strand, that preferably the first heating resistor (11) exclusively forms two spirals (16,17) and that in particular two arcs (25,26) closing on one another form the S-shaped longitudinal portion (24).
  3. Heater according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that including the first heating resistor (11) a plurality of heating resistors (11,12,13) are provided in spirals with nested spiral turns (20,21,22,23) on the carrier (2), that the heating resistors are switchable preferably in a number of power stages exceeding their number and that in particular the spiral turns (20,21) of the first heating resistor (11) are alternately nested and alternately between spiral turns (22,23) of at least one of the further heating resistors (12,13).
  4. Heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one spiral (16,17) of the first heating resistor (11) extends substantially into the centre (15) and/or approximately up to the periphery (14) of the heating field (8) and that preferably at least one heating resistor (12,13) and in particular, apart from the first heating resistor (11), all the remaining heating resistors (12,13), are constructed as single spirals (18,19).
  5. Heater according to one of the claims 2 to 4, characterized in that between two spiral turns (20,21) of in each case two spirals (16,17) of the first heating resistor (11) there is at least one and in particular a single spiral turn (22,23) of a further heating resistor (12,13) and that preferably between adjacent spiral turns (20,21) of the first heating resistor (11) there are alternately spiral turns (22,23) of further heating resistors (12,13).
  6. Heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that innermost spiral turns (20,21) of the first heating resistor (11) in the vicinity of the centre (15) of the heating field (8) are electrically conductively interconnected on the front (7) of the carrier (2), that in particular these spiral turns (20,21) are connected to one another via two opposing arcs (25,26) of the longitudinal portion (24) and that preferably a resistor portion located in the connecting bridge of the first heating resistor (11) is formed by the inner end (30,32) of a heating resistor (12,13) and the first heating resistor (11) between its ends is constructed in through continuous manner as a resistance strand.
  7. Heater according to one of the claims 2 to 6, characterized in that within one of two arcs (25,26) of the longitudinal portion (24) is provided a resistor portion (30) of a heating resistor (12) and within another arc (26) of the longitudinal portion (24) a further resistor portion and that preferably said two resistor portions are electrically conductively interconnected in an area set back with respect to the front (7) of the carrier (2) and/or are formed by second and third heating resistors (12,13) separate from the first heating resistor (11).
  8. Heater according to one of the claims 3 to 7, characterized in that an outermost spiral turn (20) of the first heating resistor (11) is located within at least one spiral turn (23) of a further heating resistor (13) and that in particular said outermost spiral turn (20) of the first heating resistor (11) is positioned adjacent to the outermost spiral turn (23) of the heating field (8).
  9. Heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two spirals (16,17) of the first heating resistor (11) have different numbers of spiral turns (20,21), that preferably an outer spiral (16) of the first heating resistor (11) has a larger number of spiral turns (20) than an inner spiral (17) of the first heating resistor (11) and that in particular the inner spiral (17) is substantially formed by a single spiral turn (21).
  10. Heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one end (27) of the first heating resistor (11) and in particular the end (27) of its outermost spiral turn (20) and accompanied by the interposing of a thermal cutout (35), is connected to an electric connecting member and that preferably said end (27) is connected jointly with one end (31) of the outermost spiral turn (23) of the heating field (8).
  11. Heater according to one of the claims 3 to 10, characterized in that including the first heating resistor (11) three heating resistors (11,12,13) are provided in a quadruple spiral arrangement and that the heating resistors (11,12,13) are preferably switchable in six power stages in single, series and parallel connection.
  12. Heater according to one of the claims 3 to 11, characterized in that, compared with the remaining heating resistors (12,13), the first heating resistor (11) has the highest rated power and that the first heating resistor (11) is in particular formed by a wire coil, which has the largest wire cross-section and greatest wire length.
  13. Heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a heating resistor (11), particularly the first heating resistor (11), substantially over its entire length is embedded with part of its circumference uniformly in the carrier (2) and that preferably at least one heating resistor is positioned on the front (7) of the carrier (2).
  14. Heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one heating resistor (12,13) is only fixed at intervals to an insulator (4) of the carrier (2) and is otherwise substantially free between the fixing points, that the insulator (4) more particularly has rib-like or stud-like, spaced protuberances (39) shaped therefrom in the longitudinal direction of the heating resistor (12,13) and in which the heating resistor is embedded over part of its circumference and that preferably the protuberances (39) project over the bottom of a spiral slot (37) and form interruptions of said spiral slot (37), which have approximately the same cross-sections as the spiral slot (37).
EP88111883A 1987-08-18 1988-07-23 Radiant heater Expired - Lifetime EP0303854B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88111883T ATE99485T1 (en) 1987-08-18 1988-07-23 ELECTRIC RADIATOR.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8711209U 1987-08-18
DE8711209U DE8711209U1 (en) 1987-08-18 1987-08-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0303854A1 EP0303854A1 (en) 1989-02-22
EP0303854B1 true EP0303854B1 (en) 1993-12-29

Family

ID=6811174

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88111883A Expired - Lifetime EP0303854B1 (en) 1987-08-18 1988-07-23 Radiant heater

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US (1) US4931621A (en)
EP (1) EP0303854B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6465793A (en)
AT (1) ATE99485T1 (en)
DE (2) DE8711209U1 (en)
ES (1) ES2047509T3 (en)
YU (1) YU158488A (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4022292A1 (en) * 1990-07-15 1992-01-16 Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer ELECTRIC RADIATION HEATING ELEMENT
DE4229375C2 (en) * 1992-09-03 2000-05-04 Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer Radiant heater
US5796075A (en) * 1992-03-09 1998-08-18 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerate Blanc Und Fisher Gmbh & Co. Kg Heater, particularly for kitchen appliances
DE4320214A1 (en) * 1993-06-18 1994-12-22 Belzig Elektrowaerme Gmbh Arrangements of electrical connections and elements therefor
DE19518109A1 (en) * 1995-05-17 1996-11-21 Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer Radiant heater
DE29600274U1 (en) * 1996-01-09 1997-05-07 Ako Werke Gmbh & Co Heating element
DE102006023719B4 (en) * 2006-05-19 2021-06-10 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Radiator for a hob
US20150265089A1 (en) * 2014-03-19 2015-09-24 Zoppas Industries de Mexico SA de CV Surface Unit for Heating
JP6219229B2 (en) * 2014-05-19 2017-10-25 東京エレクトロン株式会社 Heater feeding mechanism
CN108432342B (en) 2015-12-31 2022-09-16 应用材料公司 High temperature heater for processing chamber

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US1348648A (en) * 1916-10-23 1920-08-03 Sherman L Kelly Electric heating element and wiring therefor
GB447565A (en) * 1935-03-08 1936-05-21 Revo Electric Company Ltd Improvements relating to electric hot-plates
CH193572A (en) * 1937-01-21 1937-10-31 Salvis A G Electric hotplate.
US2494447A (en) * 1947-04-29 1950-01-10 Steatite Res Corp Heating grill
US3500018A (en) * 1966-08-01 1970-03-10 Teledyne Inc Electric heater apparatus
DE3378516D1 (en) * 1982-09-16 1988-12-22 Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer Heating element, especially radiant heating element for the heating of ceramic plates
DE3247028A1 (en) * 1982-12-18 1984-06-20 Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer TEMPERATURE CONTROL DEVICE FOR A HEATER
IT8320567V0 (en) * 1983-01-21 1983-01-21 I R C A Ind Resistenze Corazza ELECTRIC HEATING ELEMENT, IN PARTICULAR FOR SMOOTH COOKING HOBS.
DE3315438A1 (en) * 1983-04-28 1984-10-31 E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer, 7519 Oberderdingen HEATING ELEMENT FOR HEATING COOKING, HEATING PLATES OR THE LIKE
DE3417713A1 (en) * 1984-05-12 1985-11-14 E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer, 7519 Oberderdingen ELECTRIC COOKING PLATE
DE3519350A1 (en) * 1985-05-30 1986-12-04 E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer, 7519 Oberderdingen RADIATION HEATING UNIT
EP0208823A1 (en) * 1985-07-15 1987-01-21 Kanthal AB Electrical resistance heating element
DE3545443A1 (en) * 1985-12-20 1987-06-25 Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete COOKING HEATING ELEMENT
GB8601790D0 (en) * 1986-01-24 1986-02-26 Redring Electric Ltd Electric hobs & heating units
JPH024288U (en) * 1988-06-20 1990-01-11

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4931621A (en) 1990-06-05
DE3886619D1 (en) 1994-02-10
DE8711209U1 (en) 1987-10-01
ES2047509T3 (en) 1994-03-01
YU158488A (en) 1991-02-28
EP0303854A1 (en) 1989-02-22
JPS6465793A (en) 1989-03-13
ATE99485T1 (en) 1994-01-15

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