EP0284014B1 - Construction system for heeling the mast of sailing boats to windward - Google Patents

Construction system for heeling the mast of sailing boats to windward Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0284014B1
EP0284014B1 EP88104548A EP88104548A EP0284014B1 EP 0284014 B1 EP0284014 B1 EP 0284014B1 EP 88104548 A EP88104548 A EP 88104548A EP 88104548 A EP88104548 A EP 88104548A EP 0284014 B1 EP0284014 B1 EP 0284014B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mast
dolphin
hull
sailboat
foot
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP88104548A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0284014A1 (en
Inventor
Erich Dr. Haigis
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Haigis Erich Dr
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Haigis Erich Dr
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Priority to AT88104548T priority Critical patent/ATE64719T1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B15/00—Superstructures, deckhouses, wheelhouses or the like; Arrangements or adaptations of masts or spars, e.g. bowsprits
    • B63B15/02—Staying of masts or of other superstructures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B39/00—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude
    • B63B39/02—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude to decrease vessel movements by displacement of masses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
    • B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
    • B63H9/06—Types of sail; Constructional features of sails; Arrangements thereof on vessels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B15/00—Superstructures, deckhouses, wheelhouses or the like; Arrangements or adaptations of masts or spars, e.g. bowsprits
    • B63B2015/0016—Masts characterized by mast configuration or construction
    • B63B2015/005—Masts characterized by mast configuration or construction with means for varying mast position or orientation with respect to the hull
    • B63B2015/0066—Inclinable masts with passive righting means, e.g. counterbalancing means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a construction system by means of which the mast can be pushed upward towards the wind, i.e., against the wind, in the case of sailing ships.
  • the invention makes it possible to sail a sailing ship in the sense of a wind surfing board.
  • the present invention consists on the one hand in that the mast foot is mounted in a joint which can be freely rotated in all directions (for example a ball or universal joint). Thereby can be avoided that a torque that acts on the mast is transmitted directly to the hull.
  • the freely movable mast must somehow be held upright or in the wind so that it can fulfill its function as the mast and carrier of the rigging. The requirement is therefore to attach the mast so that it can be optimally placed in the wind and kept in balance with the wind power without transferring its torque to the hull.
  • this function of holding the mast correctly and optimally in the wind is performed artistically by the surfing people. Since both the resulting force acting on the sail and the gravity of the athlete above the fulcrum of the mast, i.e. the system of windsurfing is an unstable equilibrium. For larger hulls and larger sails there is a mismatch between the forces acting on the sail and the weight of the surfing athlete. Man is too easy. In addition, an unstable equilibrium system is too great a risk for sailing a ship.
  • the mast can be achieved instead of a surfing athlete by using a new, additional sail element, which is hereby designated and defined as "dolphin".
  • a “dolphin” is used here to refer to a weight in a streamlined form, which is attached to a suspension system in the water.
  • the suspension system and “dolphin” are basically a pendulum.
  • the mast is fixed to this pendulum, but its inclination can be adjusted as required. Since the "dolphin" is usually lower than the fulcrum of the mast base, it is a stable balance in contrast to windsurfing.
  • the weight of the "dolphin”, the pendulum length of the suspension system and the pivot point of the pendulum must be selected and arranged so that the mast can be held and the forces acting on the mast can be compensated.
  • the connections between the "dolphin” and the mast on the one hand and between the “dolphin” and the hull are to be designed in such a way that there is little or no power transmission to the hull, which causes a torque and leads to a heeling of the hull.
  • the decisive factor here is the mutual position of the three pivot points, 1st mast pivot point, 2nd dolphin pivot point and 3rd trunk pivot point.
  • the position of the dolphin can not only be changed in the sense of a pendulum movement around the boat's longitudinal axis, but can also be moved forwards or backwards. According to the position of the mast, which in the arrangement proposed here can not only be swiveled sideways but also put back, the "dolphin" must also be moved back.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically how the mast is supported on a ball joint (B) on the wing ⁇ and a suspension on which the pendulum weight, the "dolphin" (C), bears.
  • the suspension in the present illustration, is a rope, is freely movable thanks to the rollers at D, E, F and G and does not transmit any torque to the wing ⁇ .
  • Figure 2 shows how the mast can be swung out sideways in the imaginary plane ⁇ , which is perpendicular to the wing ⁇ and the longitudinal axis FG.
  • the distance between A ′ and C ′ ie the mast top and the “dolphin”
  • the distance from A ′ via E to C ′ extended accordingly. This will lift the "dolphin” sideways.
  • This change in position of the mast and "dolphin” is more direct Dependence. It can also be defined as a decrease in the angle A'BC '. It goes without saying that the "dolphin” can also be pulled up on the opposite side and the mast tilted to the other side.
  • Figure 3 shows how the mast can not only be swung out to the side, but also, for example, placed backwards with the mast tip towards A ⁇ (F be the bow and G the rear of the wing ⁇ ). This requires a shortening of the rope length A ⁇ GC ⁇ and a corresponding extension of the distance from A ⁇ via F to C ⁇ . This will move the "dolphin" back.
  • Figure 4 shows the wing ⁇ as the deck of a floating body.
  • the "dolphin” is no longer represented symbolically as a pendulum ball, but as an elongated, cylindrical body.
  • a new, additional element is a "cantilever arm" with which the rope, which leads from A ⁇ to C ⁇ , can be pushed away from the boat hull to D '. This means that the "dolphin” can be swung out to the side and the torque on the mast can be increased.
  • the cantilever arm can be freely movable at point D '(open eye) or fixed to the rope A ⁇ C ⁇ by a clamping device.
  • the cantilever arm is fixed in the longitudinal direction so that the angle D'BG can be fixed.
  • the "dolphin" means additional driving resistance. Its shape should be as streamlined as possible and should be as small as possible using materials with a high specific weight. Since there are no or only small torques acting on the hull, the keel of the boat can be constructed correspondingly lighter than usual. The keel now only has to stabilize the boat hull and, as a function of a sword, the drift during a downwind course counteract. For this reason, a keel or a sword cannot be dispensed with.
  • the "dolphin" can and should be hung up in such a way that it can be pulled open and water shallows can be used.
  • US Patent 3'985'106 describes a system in which the mast can be tilted a few degrees from the vertical around the longitudinal axis of the boat to a limited angle. In accordance with this tilting movement, the keel is swung out to the opposite side, the windward side. As a result, the heel of the boat hull can be counteracted somewhat more than usual.
  • US Patent 4,094,263 describes a similar system. Again, the mast can be pivoted about a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the boat. The maximum possible angle of inclination of the mast towards the leeward side is greater than that of US Pat. No. 3,985,106, but is still limited because of the connection to the movable keel. With this system, the keel also swivels to windward in order to increase the returning torque on the mast, which is forced to windward by Lee.
  • US Patent 4'117'797 is largely analogous to US Patent 4'094'263.
  • a hydraulic system for mast and keel movement is also proposed.
  • the system still pursues the purpose of moving the keel to windward when sailing on the wind, i.e. swing out opposite the mast, thereby reducing the heel of the boat hull.
  • France patent 2,332,574 again describes a similar system with which the mast can be rotated in a plane that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the boat hull. Again, the specified mechanism pursues the goal of swinging the keel out in the opposite direction to the mast.
  • the aim of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the sailing ships of the prior art and is defined by the features of independent claim 1.
  • the mast is also stored in a mast base that can move freely on all sides, even on a sailing ship like a windsurf board. It is not enough to just fix the mast to a simple joint. Contrary to the previous systems with rotating masts, which can only pivot the mast in a plane that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the boat hull, a mast that is freely movable in all directions is now required for dinghies and yachts.
  • Another new feature is that, in contrast to windsurfing equipment, a weight, a so-called “dolphin”, is also used.
  • This "dolphin” is a new element, which has never been used on sailing ships or wind surf boards.
  • the dolphin is not a keel or a ship's sword. A keel or sword must still be attached to the hull.
  • a sailing ship consists of three parts, namely: 1. From a boat hull with a keel or sword; 2. From a mast that can move freely on all sides; and 3. From a moving "dolphin".
  • Figure 5 shows a sailboat with a "dolphin" suspended from the mast top.
  • the four suspension ropes are firmly anchored to the dolphin.
  • the desired lifting or relocation of the "dolphin", which is required due to the wind force on the sail, is done by tightening or releasing the corresponding suspension cables via the four rollers on the mast top and the four rollers on the side of the mast below.
  • the 4 ropes can be pulled over winches with cranks or released will.
  • On the windward side the hanging rope is pushed away from the hull by a cantilever arm.
  • the extension arm is pivoted in a laterally displaceable foot.
  • the extension arm is anchored to the hull of the boat by a pull rope.
  • the boat hull has a role at the front and rear, on which the bow and aft stays can run freely. No rollers are provided for the side suspension ropes (shrouds) and the hull is to be protected from abrasion with suitable material or the ropes have to be covered with a protective hose.
  • Figure 6 shows a sailboat in which the "dolphin” is threaded on a slack rope attached to the bow and stern of the hull.
  • the "dolphin” can be pulled back and forth along this rope.
  • the bow and backstays are firmly anchored to the mast top, but can be shortened or extended at the bow or stern using tension systems. This makes the mast tilt forward or backward regardless of the position of the "dolphin”.
  • the mast is tilted to the side by lifting and raising the "dolphin”.
  • the side suspension cables can be shortened or extended accordingly using rollers on the mast top and laterally on the bottom of the mast using pulling devices.
  • the extension arm is rotatable and laterally displaceable. It is fastened backwards by a pull rope.
  • the mast foot is mounted in a ball joint, which can be moved forwards and backwards and locked along a guide rail.
  • Figure 7 shows a sailing ship, in which the "dolphin" is suspended from a side with a free swing.
  • the "dolphin” can be moved back and forth along this linkage.
  • the pivot point of the boom can be set at different heights depending on the requirements. For example, it can coincide with the point of rotation of the boat hull.
  • the pivot point of the mast base is higher in the example shown than the pivot point of the "dolphin" suspension.
  • Figure 8 shows a cross section through the hull of the construction according to Fig.7.
  • B mast foot ball joint
  • H pivot point of the "dolphin”suspension
  • C ′ swung out "dolphin”
  • J pivot point of the hull.
  • the pivot point H can also be lower than the pivot point J; to counteract the torso rotation.
  • the "dolphin” (C) can swing under the keel (K).
  • the mast has a mast cross that carries the roles for the "Delphin" elevator ropes.
  • the elevator ropes can be tightened or released using a winch.
  • the mast can be tilted forward or backward by shortening or lengthening the bow or backstage length. In this construction variant, the movement of the mast takes place without the involvement of the "dolphin".
  • Figure 9 shows a sailing ship in which the "dolphin" is suspended on two poles to the side as well as swiveling back and forth.
  • the rods are on universal joints below attached to the hull, one in front of the other behind the keel.
  • the "dolphin” is raised by ropes that run over rollers attached to the mast.
  • the dolphin is moved forwards and backwards using an extension rod which can be swiveled up and down as well as forwards and backwards.
  • the mast foot is mounted in a ball or universal joint, which can be pushed back and forth and locked on a rail.
  • the mast is tilted forwards and backwards by pulling or letting go on the bow or back day.
  • Figure 10 shows a sailing ship, whose "dolphin” is attached to the bottom of the keel with two swivel rods. The attachment is done via a universal joint on the keel and a simple joint on the "dolphin". This means that the "dolphin” can be swung out sideways and moved back and forth. The “dolphin” is pulled up to the left and right using a pull rope that runs over rollers on the mast. The dolphin can also be pulled up at rest, ie if it hangs vertically and directly under the keel, to the rear or to the front to navigate shallows.
  • FIG 11 shows a cross section through the hull of a construction according to Fig. 10.
  • the three pivot points: mast pivot point (B), boat hull pivot point (J) and "Delphin" suspension pivot point (H) are at different heights in this construction. This means that torques are transferred to the hull, which must be taken into account in the design.
  • Figure 12 shows a sailing ship in which the pivot point of the mast and the pivot point of the dolphin lie on a common axis. This axis can coincide with the axis of rotation of the boat hull. However, it can also be set a little higher to counteract the torque caused by the drift resistance on the keel.
  • the mast can be swung out sideways until it rests on the upper deck.
  • a mast foot joint (N) which is attached to the rotating wheel of the mast, the mast can also be pivoted back and forth by pulling or releasing the bow and back days.
  • the "dolphin” is suspended from the axis of rotation via an angled linkage.
  • the “dolphin” can be moved back and forth on this linkage, for example using pulling devices that run inside the linkage (in this case the linkage is a tube).
  • These traction ropes for moving the "dolphin” back and forth can be connected to the ropes of the bow and back tags, so that the “Dolphin” moves backwards according to the mast's reserve.
  • the “dolphin” can be swung out sideways as high as the hull is sawn out below.
  • Figure 13 shows a cross section through the hull of a sailing ship according to Fig. 12.
  • the hull is practically sawn into two parts, which are watertight at the interface.
  • These two fuselage parts are firmly connected to each other on the left and right by continuous, supporting box profiles (M).
  • box profiles M
  • the arm of the angled "dolphin" linkage can freely swing sideways up to the stop on the box section (M).
  • the fulcrum of the mast (B) and the fulcrum of the "dolphin” suspension (H) coincide and lie in a gear housing which is firmly connected to the boat hull.
  • a gear construction e.g. As indicated in Fig. 13 from an outer wheel that carries the mast and an inner wheel that carries the "dolphin” suspension, the angle between mast and "dolphin” is adjustable and fixable.
  • the mast and "dolphin" form a unit that is freely rotatable in the gear housing without transmitting torque to the hull.
  • Figure 14 shows a catamaran.
  • the mast rotation point and "dolphin” rotation point are combined on the same hub.
  • the "two" boat hulls are completely sawn through and represent four closed floats.
  • the "dolphin” arm can swing freely up to the surface of the water.
  • the mast can also be completely folded over on the side.
  • the "dolphin” can be moved back and forth on the angled suspension arm.
  • a second mast foot joint allows the mast to be adjusted forwards and backwards via the bow and backstays.
  • Figure 15 shows a sailing ship, in which the rotating wheel, which carries the mast and the rotating wheel, which carries the "dolphin" both correspond in diameter to the diameter of the hull and are integrated into the wall of the hull.
  • the ring shape of these wheels allows free passage.
  • these rotating rings can be integrated into the rounded roof of the cabin.
  • a rotation ring or a double ring carries a yoke (P) at the ends of which the shrouds (W) are attached ( Figure 16 ).
  • the support arm of the "dolphin” is attached to another rotation ring.
  • the rings run on outer rollers and are independent and freely rotatable relative to the boat hull.
  • Figure 16 shows a cross section through this type of construction. Mast rotation ring and "Delphin” rotation ring are adjustable and fixable against each other via a gear transmission. The angle between the mast and the "dolphin” arm can be freely selected and locked according to the wind conditions.
  • the boat hull is cut in on the outside.
  • the incision is all-round and both the "dolphin" arm and the mast can be rotated against each other until they touch each other.
  • the tunnel-like support profile (O) serves as the load-bearing connection between the front and the rear fuselage part.
  • the incision in the outer shape of the hull can be closed by sliding slats (L), making the surface relatively smooth.
  • Figure 17 shows a sailing ship with two ring systems that enclose the hull.
  • the cylindrical middle section between the two ring systems supports the mast and is freely rotatable around the hull.
  • the "dolphin” is hung on two arms. These two “dolphin” arms are each attached to a ring of the ring systems analogous to example 8, which are also freely rotatable relative to the boat hull and are adjustable and lockable relative to the cylindrical middle part.
  • the “dolphin” can thus be freely rotated around the ship's longitudinal axis and fixed at any angle.
  • the mast and dolphin can be swiveled back and forth via joints on the mast foot or on the "dolphin” arms.
  • the mast foot can also be moved back and forth on a rail on the cylindrical center piece and locked in a suitable place.
  • the constructions according to Examples 8 and 9 are also suitable for ships that carry more than one mast.
  • the number of ring systems can be chosen according to the number of masts.
  • both the mast and the "dolphin” can rotate about the longitudinal axis of the boat, and that the angle between the mast and the "dolphin” can be adjusted and fixed as required.
  • the force or forces required to adjust this angle between the mast and the dolphin can be provided by man power or by motor power.
  • hydraulic systems for adjusting this angle are also possible.
  • the mast inclination forwards and backwards as well as the displacement of the "dolphin" forwards and backwards can be done mechanically or hydraulically by motors.
  • the control and definition of the most suitable angle and the optimal mast inclination and "dolphin" position can be done via wind power sensors and electronic control systems (microprocessors).

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a structural system with which the mast of a sailboat can be forced against the wind and inclined to windward. This is accomplished with a new sailing element, a so-called "dolphin". The invention makes it possible to sail a sailboat using the same technique employed in windsurfing with a sailboard.

Description

Gebiet auf das sich die Erfindung beziehtField to which the invention relates

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Konstruktions-System, mit welchem bei Segelschiffen der Mast nach Luv, d.h., dem Wind entgegengepresst und -geneigt werden kann. Die Erfindung ermöglicht, ein Segelschiff im Sinne eines Wind-Surf-Bretts zu besegeln.The present invention relates to a construction system by means of which the mast can be pushed upward towards the wind, i.e., against the wind, in the case of sailing ships. The invention makes it possible to sail a sailing ship in the sense of a wind surfing board.

Bei herkömmlichen Segelschiffen, seien dies Jollen oder Jachten, bewirkt der Winddruck beim Segeln "am Wind" eine Neigung des Segelmasts nach Lee, d.h., nach der windabgewandten Seite. Die starre Verbindung von Mast und Bootsrumpf lässt das Boot krängen. Dem durch die Windkraft bewirkten Drehmoment auf den Mast und somit auf den Bootsrumpf wird bei kleinen Schiffen, wie den Jollen, durch Verschiebung der Ladung, d.h., der Schiffsmannschaft nach Luv, bei grossen Schiffen, wie den Jachten, zudem durch deren Kiel ein entsprechendes Drehmoment in entgegengesetzter Richtung entgegenstellt.In conventional sailing ships, be it dinghies or yachts, the wind pressure when sailing "on the wind" causes the mast to lean, i.e. the side facing away from the wind. The rigid connection between mast and boat hull makes the boat heel. The torque caused by the wind power on the mast and thus on the hull of small ships, such as dinghies, is shifted by shifting the load, ie the ship's crew to windward, and on large ships, such as yachts, by their keel, by the corresponding torque in the opposite direction.

Die vorliegende Erfindung besteht zum einen darin, dass der Segelmastfuss in einem nach allen Seiten hin frei drehbaren Gelenk (z.B. Kugel- oder Kreuzgelenk) gelagert ist. Dadurch kann vermieden werden, dass ein Drehmoment, das auf den Mast einwirkt, direkt auf den Bootsrumpf übertragen wird.The present invention consists on the one hand in that the mast foot is mounted in a joint which can be freely rotated in all directions (for example a ball or universal joint). Thereby can be avoided that a torque that acts on the mast is transmitted directly to the hull.

Der frei bewegliche Mast muss nun aber irgendwie aufrecht, bzw. im Wind gehalten werden, dass er seine Funktion als Mast und Träger der Takelage erfüllen kann. Die Forderung besteht deshalb darin, den Mast so zu befestigen, dass er, ohne sein Drehmoment auf den Bootsrumpf zu übertragen, optimal in den Wind gelegt und im Gleichgewicht mit der Windkraft gehalten werden kann. Bei einem Wind-Surf-Board wird diese Funktion, den Mast korrekt und optimal in den Wind zu halten, durch den surfenden Menschen in artistischer Art erfüllt. Da sowohl die resultierende Kraft, die am Segel angreift, als auch die Schwerkraft des Sportlers über dem Drehpunkt des Mast, d.h. dem Mastfuss liegen, stellt das System des Windsurfings ein labiles Gleichgewicht dar. Für grössere Bootskörper und grössere Segel entsteht ein Missverhältnis zwischen den am Segel angreifenden Kräften und dem Gewicht des surfenden Sportlers. Der Mensch ist zu leicht. Zudem bedeutet ein labiles Gleichgewichts-System für die Besegelung eines Schiffes ein zu grosses Risiko.However, the freely movable mast must somehow be held upright or in the wind so that it can fulfill its function as the mast and carrier of the rigging. The requirement is therefore to attach the mast so that it can be optimally placed in the wind and kept in balance with the wind power without transferring its torque to the hull. With a wind surf board, this function of holding the mast correctly and optimally in the wind is performed artistically by the surfing people. Since both the resulting force acting on the sail and the gravity of the athlete above the fulcrum of the mast, i.e. the system of windsurfing is an unstable equilibrium. For larger hulls and larger sails there is a mismatch between the forces acting on the sail and the weight of the surfing athlete. Man is too easy. In addition, an unstable equilibrium system is too great a risk for sailing a ship.

Im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung kann der Mast jedoch anstelle eines surfenden Sportlers durch die Zuhilfenahme eines neuen, zusätzlichen Besegelungselements, welches hiermit als "Delphin" bezeichnet und definiert wird, erzielt werden. Unter einem "Delphin" wird hier ein Gewicht in strömungsgünstiger Form bezeichnet, welches an einem Aufhängungssystem befestigt im Wasser liegt. Aufhängungssystem und "Delphin" stellen im Prinzip ein Pendel dar. Der Mast ist mit diesem Pendel fest, aber in seiner Neigung beliebig einstellbar, verbunden. Da der "Delphin" üblicherweise tiefer als der Drehpunkt des Mastfusses liegt, handelt es sich im Gegensatz zum Windsurfing um ein stabiles Gleichgewicht.In the sense of the present invention, however, the mast can be achieved instead of a surfing athlete by using a new, additional sail element, which is hereby designated and defined as "dolphin". A "dolphin" is used here to refer to a weight in a streamlined form, which is attached to a suspension system in the water. The suspension system and "dolphin" are basically a pendulum. The mast is fixed to this pendulum, but its inclination can be adjusted as required. Since the "dolphin" is usually lower than the fulcrum of the mast base, it is a stable balance in contrast to windsurfing.

Das Gewicht des "Delphins", die Pendellänge des Aufhängungssystems und der Drehpunkt des Pendels müssen so gewählt und angeordnet sein, dass der Mast gehalten und die auf den Mast einwirkenden Kräfte kompensiert werden können. Die Verbindungen zwischen "Delphin" und Mast einerseits und zwischen "Delphin" und Bootsrumpf sind konstruktiv so auszuführen, dass auf den Bootsrumpf keine oder nur geringe Kraftübertragungen erfolgen, die ein Drehmoment bewirken und zu einer Krängung des Bootsrumpfes führen. Entscheidend ist dabei die gegenseitige Lage der drei Drehpunkte, 1. Mastdrehpunkt, 2. Delphin-Drehpunkt und 3. Rumpfdrehpunkt.The weight of the "dolphin", the pendulum length of the suspension system and the pivot point of the pendulum must be selected and arranged so that the mast can be held and the forces acting on the mast can be compensated. The connections between the "dolphin" and the mast on the one hand and between the "dolphin" and the hull are to be designed in such a way that there is little or no power transmission to the hull, which causes a torque and leads to a heeling of the hull. The decisive factor here is the mutual position of the three pivot points, 1st mast pivot point, 2nd dolphin pivot point and 3rd trunk pivot point.

Die Lage des Delphins kann nicht nur im Sinne einer Pendelbewegung um die Bootslängsachse verändert, sondern auch nach vorn oder zurück verlegt werden. Entsprechend der Stellung des Masts, der in der hier vorgeschlagenen Anordnung ja nicht nur seitlich geschwenkt sondern auch zurückgelegt werden kann, ist auch der "Delphin" zurückzuverlegen.The position of the dolphin can not only be changed in the sense of a pendulum movement around the boat's longitudinal axis, but can also be moved forwards or backwards. According to the position of the mast, which in the arrangement proposed here can not only be swiveled sideways but also put back, the "dolphin" must also be moved back.

Abbildung 1 zeigt schematisch, wie der Mast auf einem Kugelgelenk (B) gelagert auf der Tragfläche α steht und eine Aufhängung, an der das Pendelgewicht, der "Delphin" (C) hängt, trägt. Die Aufhängung, in der vorliegenden Abbildung handelt es sich um Seile, ist dank den Rollen bei D, E, F und G frei beweglich und überträgt kein Drehmoment auf die Tragfläche α. Figure 1 shows schematically how the mast is supported on a ball joint (B) on the wing α and a suspension on which the pendulum weight, the "dolphin" (C), bears. The suspension, in the present illustration, is a rope, is freely movable thanks to the rollers at D, E, F and G and does not transmit any torque to the wing α.

Abbildung 2 zeigt, wie der Mast seitlich in der imaginären Ebene β, die senkrecht zur Tragfläche α und zur Längsachse FG steht, ausgeschwenkt werden kann. Dazu ist die Distanz zwischen A′ und C′ d.h. dem Mast-Top und dem "Delphin" zu verkürzen und die Distanz von A′ über E nach C′ entsprechend zu verlängern. Dadurch wird der "Delphin" seitlich angehoben. Diese Lageveränderung von Mast und "Delphin" steht in direkter Abhängigkeit. Sie kann auch definiert werden als eine Verkleinerung des Winkels A′BC′. Selbstverständlich kann der "Delphin" umgekehrt auch auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite entsprechend hochgezogen werden und der Mast auf die andere Seite geneigt werden. Figure 2 shows how the mast can be swung out sideways in the imaginary plane β, which is perpendicular to the wing α and the longitudinal axis FG. For this purpose, the distance between A ′ and C ′, ie the mast top and the “dolphin”, must be shortened and the distance from A ′ via E to C ′ extended accordingly. This will lift the "dolphin" sideways. This change in position of the mast and "dolphin" is more direct Dependence. It can also be defined as a decrease in the angle A'BC '. It goes without saying that the "dolphin" can also be pulled up on the opposite side and the mast tilted to the other side.

Abbildung 3 zeigt, wie der Mast nicht nur seitlich ausgeschwenkt, sondern auch z.B. nach hinten mit der Mastspitze nach A˝ gestellt werden kann (F sei der Bug und G das Heck der Tragfläche α). Dazu ist eine Verkürzung der Seillänge A˝ G C˝ und eine entsprechende Verlängerung der Distanz von A˝ über F nach C˝ erforderlich. Der "Delphin" wird dadurch zurückverlegt. Figure 3 shows how the mast can not only be swung out to the side, but also, for example, placed backwards with the mast tip towards A˝ (F be the bow and G the rear of the wing α). This requires a shortening of the rope length A˝ GC˝ and a corresponding extension of the distance from A˝ via F to C˝. This will move the "dolphin" back.

Abbildung 4 zeigt, die Tragfläche α als Deck eines schwimmenden Körpers. Der "Delphin" ist nicht mehr symbolisch als Pendelkugel, sondern als länglicher, zylindrischer Körper dargestellt. Als neues, zusätzliches Element ist ein "Auslegerarm" vorhanden, mit dem das Seil, welches von A˝ nach C˝ führt, vom Bootsrumpf weg nach D′ gestossen werden kann. Dadurch kann der "Delphin" stärker seitlich ausgeschwenkt und das Drehmoment auf den Mast vergrössert werden. Der Auslegerarm kann bei Punkt D′ frei beweglich (offene Oese) oder am Seil A˝ C˝ durch eine Klemmvorrichtung fixiert sein. In der Längsrichtung wird der Auslegerarm fixiert, so dass der Winkel D′BG festgelegt werden kann. Figure 4 shows the wing α as the deck of a floating body. The "dolphin" is no longer represented symbolically as a pendulum ball, but as an elongated, cylindrical body. A new, additional element is a "cantilever arm" with which the rope, which leads from A˝ to C˝, can be pushed away from the boat hull to D '. This means that the "dolphin" can be swung out to the side and the torque on the mast can be increased. The cantilever arm can be freely movable at point D '(open eye) or fixed to the rope A˝ C˝ by a clamping device. The cantilever arm is fixed in the longitudinal direction so that the angle D'BG can be fixed.

Der "Delphin" bedeutet einen zusätzlichen Fahrtwiderstand. Er ist in seiner Formgebung möglichst strömungsgünstig auszuführen und durch Verwendung von Materialien mit hohem spezifischem Gewicht möglichst klein zu bemessen. Da auf den Bootsrumpf keine oder nurmehr geringe Drehmomente einwirken, kann der Kiel des Boots entsprechend leichter als üblich konstruiert werden. Der Kiel hat nurmehr den Bootsrumpf zu stabilisieren und als Funktion eines Schwerts bei Amwind-Kurs dem Abdriften entgegenzuwirken. Auf einen Kiel oder ein Schwert kann jedoch aus diesem Grund nicht verzichtet werden.The "dolphin" means additional driving resistance. Its shape should be as streamlined as possible and should be as small as possible using materials with a high specific weight. Since there are no or only small torques acting on the hull, the keel of the boat can be constructed correspondingly lighter than usual. The keel now only has to stabilize the boat hull and, as a function of a sword, the drift during a downwind course counteract. For this reason, a keel or a sword cannot be dispensed with.

Der "Delphin" kann und soll so aufgehängt werden, dass er aufziehbar ist und Wasseruntiefen befahren werden können.The "dolphin" can and should be hung up in such a way that it can be pulled open and water shallows can be used.

Bei starkem Wind und sportlicher Segelfahrt kann der "Delphin" seitlich so weit angehoben werden, dass er aus dem Wasser auftaucht. Dabei wird aber wie beim Windsurfen eine labile Gleichgewichtslage erreicht. Allerdings ergibt sich beim Auftauchen des "Delphins" eine zusätzliche Erhöhung des Drehmoments, weil der "Delphin" an der Luft ohne Wasserverdrängung um die Auftriebskraft schwerer wiegt.In strong winds and sporty sailing, the "dolphin" can be raised sideways so that it emerges from the water. However, as with windsurfing, an unstable equilibrium position is achieved. However, there is an additional increase in torque when the "dolphin" appears, because the "dolphin" in the air outweighs the buoyancy force without water displacement.

Die Vorteile der Besegelung eines Schiffes in der Art eines Wind-Surf-Boards sind:

a)
Bessere Segelstellung und dadurch bessere Ausnützung der Windkraft. Daraus resultieren höhere Geschwindigkeiten des Schiffes.
b)
Beim Segeln am Wind ist die auf das Segel wirkende, resultierende Kraft nach "seitlich-vorne-oben" gerichtet. Dadurch wirkt das Segel neben dem Vortrieb gleichzeitig auch als tragender Flügel und reduziert den Tiefgang und die Wasserverdrängung des Bootrumpfes.
c)
Der Bootsrumpf krängt nicht. Dadurch kann die optimale, strömungsgünstigste Lage des Rumpfes beibehalten werden. Daraus resultieren einerseits eine höhere Geschwindigkeit des Schiffes und andererseits ein höherer Komfort für die Passagiere.

The advantages of sailing a ship like a wind surf board are:
a)
Better sail position and therefore better use of wind power. This results in higher ship speeds.
b)
When sailing on the wind, the resulting force acting on the sail is directed "sideways-front-up". As a result, in addition to the propulsion, the sail also acts as a load-bearing wing and reduces the draft and the water displacement of the boat hull.
c)
The hull is not crooked. This allows the fuselage to maintain its optimal, most aerodynamic position. On the one hand, this results in a higher speed of the ship and, on the other hand, greater comfort for the passengers.

Bisheriger Stand der TechnikCurrent state of the art

Es ist ein altbekanntes Bestreben, der Krängung eines Segelschiffes mit verschiedenen Massnahmen entgegenzuwirken. Eine dieser Massnahmen ist ein schwerer Kiel, der fest mit dem Bootsrumpf verbunden ist und durch dessen Gewicht die Krängung des Schiffes vermindert wird. Es sind auch Vorrichtungen bekannt, mit denen die Bootsladung oder extra mitgeführte Gewichte im Innern des Schiffsrumpfes seitlich nach Luv verschoben werden können. Zur allgemeinen Praxis des Segelns gehört die selbstverständliche Positionierung der Mannschaft auf der Luvseite des Schiffes. Das Gewicht der Mannschaft kann durch Hinauslehnen an Trapezen noch besser ausgenützt werden. Bei Katamaranen kann dem Drehmoment, das auf den Segelmast einwirkt durch Positionierung der Mannschaft auf der Luvseite wegen des grösseren Hebelarms ein noch grösseres Drehmoment entgegengestellt werden.It is a well-known endeavor to counter the heeling of a sailing ship with various measures. One of these measures is a heavy keel, which is firmly attached to the hull and the weight of which reduces the heel of the ship. Devices are also known which can be used to move the boat load or extra weights carried inside the hull laterally to the windward side. The general practice of sailing includes the natural positioning of the crew on the windward side of the ship. The weight of the team can be exploited even better by leaning out on trapezoids. In catamarans, the torque that acts on the sail mast can be countered by positioning the crew on the windward side due to the larger lever arm.

US-Patent 3′985′106 beschreibt ein System, bei welchem der Mast um die Längsachse des Bootes bis zu einem beschränkten Winkel um einige Grade aus der Vertikalen gekippt werden kann. Entsprechend dieser Kippbewegung wird der Kiel auf die entgegengesetzte Seite, die Luvseite, ausgeschwenkt. Dadurch kann der Krängung des Bootsrumpfes etwas stärker als üblich entgegengewirkt werden.US Patent 3'985'106 describes a system in which the mast can be tilted a few degrees from the vertical around the longitudinal axis of the boat to a limited angle. In accordance with this tilting movement, the keel is swung out to the opposite side, the windward side. As a result, the heel of the boat hull can be counteracted somewhat more than usual.

US-Patent 4′094′263 beschreibt ein ähnliches System. Wiederum ist der Mast um eine senkrecht zur Bootslängsachse stehende Ebene schwenkbar. Der maximal mögliche Neigungswinkel des Masts hin zur Leeseite ist grösser als beim US-Patent 3′985′106 aber nach wie vor wegen der Verbindung mit dem beweglichen Kiel beschränkt. Der Kiel schwenkt auch bei diesem System nach Luv, um das zurückholende Drehmoment auf den durch die Windkraft nach Lee gedrängten Mast zu vergrössern.US Patent 4,094,263 describes a similar system. Again, the mast can be pivoted about a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the boat. The maximum possible angle of inclination of the mast towards the leeward side is greater than that of US Pat. No. 3,985,106, but is still limited because of the connection to the movable keel. With this system, the keel also swivels to windward in order to increase the returning torque on the mast, which is forced to windward by Lee.

US-Patent 4′117′797 ist weitgehend analog dem US-Patent 4′094′263. Neben einer mechanischen Seilzugverbindung zwischen schwenkbarem Mast und schwenkbarem Kiel wird jedoch auch ein hydraulisches System zur Mast- und Kielbewegung vorgeschlagen. Das System verfolgt aber nach wie vor den Zweck, beim Segeln am Wind den Kiel nach Luv, d.h. dem Mast entgegengesetzt auszuschwenken, um dadurch die Krängung des Bootsrumpfes zu vermindern.US Patent 4'117'797 is largely analogous to US Patent 4'094'263. In addition to a mechanical cable connection between the swiveling mast and the swiveling keel, however, a hydraulic system for mast and keel movement is also proposed. However, the system still pursues the purpose of moving the keel to windward when sailing on the wind, i.e. swing out opposite the mast, thereby reducing the heel of the boat hull.

Frankreich-Patent 2′323′574 beschreibt nochmals ein ähnliches System, mit welchem der Mast in einer Ebene, die senkrecht zur Längsachse des Bootsrumpfes steht, gedreht werden kann. Wiederum verfolgt die angegebene Mechanik das Ziel, den Kiel in der dem Mast entgegengesetzten Richtung ausschwenken zu lassen.France patent 2,332,574 again describes a similar system with which the mast can be rotated in a plane that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the boat hull. Again, the specified mechanism pursues the goal of swinging the keel out in the opposite direction to the mast.

Allen bisher genannten Konstruktionen liegt die herkömmliche Segeltechnik, nämlich, Segel und Mast bei Amwind-Kurs nach Lee wegkippen zu lassen, zugrunde. Entsprechend werden Mannschaft, Ladungsgewichte und Kielgewicht möglichst nach Luv verlegt, um den Mast hochzuhalten. Einige Konstruktionen bedienen sich eines Masts, der in der Ebene, die senkrecht zur Bootslängsachse steht, seitlich in beschränktem Winkel geneigt werden kann. Auf eine, in allen Richtungen frei drehbaren Lagerung des Mastfusses wird in keiner Patentschrift hingewiesen.All of the previously mentioned constructions are based on the conventional sailing technique, namely to let the sail and mast tilt away at the upwind course according to Lee. Accordingly, the crew, load weights and keel weight are moved as far as possible to windward to hold up the mast. Some constructions use a mast that can be inclined sideways at a limited angle in the plane that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the boat. No patent specification points to a mounting of the mast foot that can be freely rotated in all directions.

Neben diesem Stand der Technik im Schiffsbau gibt es zudem den Stand der Technik für die Konstruktion von Wind-Surf-Boards. Hier ist ein nach allen Seiten frei drehbarer Mastfuss ein bekanntes Konstruktionsmerkmal. Dieser drehbare Mastfuss ist jedoch auf ein Surfbrett und nicht auf einen Schiffsrumpf montiert. Das Prinzip des Surfens ist nicht auf Segelgeräte im Sinne von Schiffen mit grösseren Segelflächen übertragbar, weil das Körpergewicht des Menschen für grössere Segel zu klein ist.In addition to this state of the art in shipbuilding, there is also the state of the art for the construction of wind surf boards. Here, a mast foot that can be freely rotated on all sides is a well-known design feature. However, this rotatable mast foot is mounted on a surfboard and not on a ship's hull. The principle of surfing is not on sailing devices in the sense of ships with larger sail areas transferable because the human body weight is too small for larger sails.

Die Erfindung hat zum Ziel, die Nachteile der Segelschiffe des Standes der Technik zu vermeiden und wird durch die Markmale des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 definiert.The aim of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the sailing ships of the prior art and is defined by the features of independent claim 1.

Beschreibung der neuen ErkenntnisseDescription of the new findings

Entgegen der beschriebenen, althergebrachten Segeltechnik, bei der Mast und Segel aufgrund der Windkraft nach Lee neigen, zeigt die Technik des Windsurfens, dass auch eine entgegengesetzte Art des Segelns möglich ist. Beim Windsurfen wird der Segelmast und das Segel dem Wind entgegen, nach Luv gezogen. Daraus resultieren gegenüber der alten Segeltechnik Vorteile. Diese Vorteile der Mast- und Segelstellung des Windsurfens auf ein Segelschiff (Jolle oder Jacht) zu übertragen und ein System zu konstruieren, mit dem der Mast eines Segelschiffes nach Luv gerichtet und gehalten werden kann, ist die Absicht der vorliegenden Erfindung. Erstaunlicherweise musste festgestellt werden, dass solche Systeme nicht existieren.Contrary to the traditional sailing technique described, in which mast and sail tend to lee due to wind power, the technique of windsurfing shows that an opposite way of sailing is also possible. When windsurfing, the sail mast and the sail are pulled towards the wind, upwind. This results in advantages over the old sailing technology. It is the intention of the present invention to transfer these advantages of wind surfing mast and sail position to a sailing ship (dinghy or yacht) and to construct a system with which the mast of a sailing ship can be directed and held upwind. Surprisingly, it had to be found that such systems did not exist.

Neu ist, dass der Mast auch bei einem Segelschiff wie bei einem Windsurfboard in einem nach allen Seiten hin frei beweglichen Mastfuss gelagert wird. Es genügt nicht, den Mast nur an einem einfachen Gelenk zu befestigen. Entgegen den bisherigen Systemen mit drehbaren Masten, die den Mast nur in einer Ebene, die senkrecht zur Längsachse des Bootsrumpfes steht, schwenken können, wird hiermit neu auch für Jollen und Jachten ein nach allen Richtungen frei beweglicher Mast verlangt.What is new is that the mast is also stored in a mast base that can move freely on all sides, even on a sailing ship like a windsurf board. It is not enough to just fix the mast to a simple joint. Contrary to the previous systems with rotating masts, which can only pivot the mast in a plane that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the boat hull, a mast that is freely movable in all directions is now required for dinghies and yachts.

Neu ist auch, dass im Gegensatz zur Windsurfbrett-Ausrüstung zusätzlich ein Gewicht, ein sogenannter "Delphin" zur Anwendung gelangt. Dieser "Delphin" ist ein neues Element, welches bisher weder bei Segelschiffen noch bei Wind-Surf-Boards verwendet wurde. Der Delphin ist nicht ein Kiel oder ein Schiffsschwert. Ein Kiel oder ein Schwert muss nach wie vor am Bootsrumpf angebracht sein.Another new feature is that, in contrast to windsurfing equipment, a weight, a so-called "dolphin", is also used. This "dolphin" is a new element, which has never been used on sailing ships or wind surf boards. The dolphin is not a keel or a ship's sword. A keel or sword must still be attached to the hull.

Neu ist, dass ein Segelschiff gemäss diesem neuen System aus drei Teilen besteht, nämlich: 1. Aus einem Bootsrumpf mit Kiel oder Schwert; 2. Aus einem nach allen Seiten frei beweglichen Mast; und 3. Aus einem beweglichen "Delphin".What is new is that a sailing ship according to this new system consists of three parts, namely: 1. From a boat hull with a keel or sword; 2. From a mast that can move freely on all sides; and 3. From a moving "dolphin".

Neu ist, dass die Gegenkraft zu der am Segel angreifenden Windkraft weitgehend durch den "Delphin" erzeugt wird, und dass deshalb der Bootsrumpf von der Rotation des Segelmasts nicht beeinflusst wird.What is new is that the counterforce to the wind force acting on the sail is largely generated by the "dolphin" and that the hull is therefore not affected by the rotation of the sail mast.

Neu ist schliesslich, dass durch dieses System eine Besegelung eines grösseren Bootskörpers (eines Schiffes) als dies ein Surf-Board darstellt, in der Art des Windsurfens möglich gemacht wird.Finally, what is new is that this system makes it possible to sail a larger boat hull (a ship) than a surf board in the manner of windsurfing.

Wege zur Ausführung der ErfindungWays of Carrying Out the Invention Beispiel 1example 1

Abbildung 5 zeigt ein Segelboot mit einem am Mast-Top aufgehängten "Delphin". Die vier Aufhängungsseile sind am Delphin fest verankert. Die gewünschte, bzw. durch die Windkraft am Segel erforderliche Anhebung und Zurückverlegung des "Delphins" erfolgt durch Anziehen, bzw. Loslassen der entsprechenden Aufhängeseile über die vier Rollen am Mast-Top und die vier Rollen seitlich am Mast unten. Die 4 Seile können über Seilwinden mit Kurbeln gezogen, bzw. losgelassen werden. Auf der Luv-Seite wird das Aufhängeseil durch einen Auslegearm vom Bootsrumpf weggestossen. Der Auslegearm ist schwenkbar in einem seitlich verschiebbaren Fuss gelagert. Der Auslegearm wird durch ein Zugseil nach hinten am Bootsrumpf verankert. Der Bootsrumpf hat vorne und hinten je eine Rolle, auf welcher das Bug- bzw. das Achtern-Stag frei laufen können. Für die seitlichen Aufhängeseile (Wanten) sind keine Rollen vorgesehen und der Bootrumpf ist durch geeignetes Material vor Scheuerabnützung zu schützen oder die Seile müssen mit einem schützenden Schlauch ummantelt werden. Figure 5 shows a sailboat with a "dolphin" suspended from the mast top. The four suspension ropes are firmly anchored to the dolphin. The desired lifting or relocation of the "dolphin", which is required due to the wind force on the sail, is done by tightening or releasing the corresponding suspension cables via the four rollers on the mast top and the four rollers on the side of the mast below. The 4 ropes can be pulled over winches with cranks or released will. On the windward side, the hanging rope is pushed away from the hull by a cantilever arm. The extension arm is pivoted in a laterally displaceable foot. The extension arm is anchored to the hull of the boat by a pull rope. The boat hull has a role at the front and rear, on which the bow and aft stays can run freely. No rollers are provided for the side suspension ropes (shrouds) and the hull is to be protected from abrasion with suitable material or the ropes have to be covered with a protective hose.

Beispiel 2Example 2

Abbildung 6 zeigt ein Segelboot, bei dem der "Delphin" an einem durchhängenden Seil, welches am Bug und am Heck des Schiffsrumpfes befestigt ist, eingefädelt ist. Der "Delphin" kann längs diesem Seil vor- und zurückgezogen werden. Bug-und Backstag sind am Mast-Top fest verankert aber am Bug bzw. am Heck über Zugsysteme verkürzbar, bzw. verlängerbar. Dadurch wird die Neigung des Masts nach vorne oder hinten unabhängig von der Lage des "Delphins". Die seitliche Neigung des Mast wird durch Anheben und Ausstellen des "Delphins" bewirkt. Die seitlichen Aufhängeseile können über Rollen am Mast-Top und seitlich unten am Mast über Zugeinrichtungen verkürzt, bzw. entsprechend verlängert werden. Der Ausstellarm ist drehbar und seitlich verschiebbar gelagert. Er wird durch ein Zugseil nach rückwärts befestigt. Der Mastfuss ist in einem Kugelgelenk gelagert, welches längs einer Führungsschiene nach vor- und rückwärts verschoben und arretiert werden kann. Figure 6 shows a sailboat in which the "dolphin" is threaded on a slack rope attached to the bow and stern of the hull. The "dolphin" can be pulled back and forth along this rope. The bow and backstays are firmly anchored to the mast top, but can be shortened or extended at the bow or stern using tension systems. This makes the mast tilt forward or backward regardless of the position of the "dolphin". The mast is tilted to the side by lifting and raising the "dolphin". The side suspension cables can be shortened or extended accordingly using rollers on the mast top and laterally on the bottom of the mast using pulling devices. The extension arm is rotatable and laterally displaceable. It is fastened backwards by a pull rope. The mast foot is mounted in a ball joint, which can be moved forwards and backwards and locked along a guide rail.

Beispiel 3Example 3

Abbildung 7 zeigt ein Segelschiff, bei dem der "Delphin" an einem Gestänge seitlich frei pendelnd aufgehängt ist. Der "Delphin" kann längs diesem Gestänge vor- und rückwärts verschoben werden. Der Drehpunkt des Gestänges kann je nach Erfordernis verschieden hoch festgelegt werden. Er kann z.B. mit dem Rotationspunkt des Bootsrumpfs zusammenfallen. Der Drehpunkt des Mastfusses liegt im dargestellten Beispiel höher als der Drehpunkt der "Delphin"-Aufhängung. Figure 7 shows a sailing ship, in which the "dolphin" is suspended from a side with a free swing. The "dolphin" can be moved back and forth along this linkage. The pivot point of the boom can be set at different heights depending on the requirements. For example, it can coincide with the point of rotation of the boat hull. The pivot point of the mast base is higher in the example shown than the pivot point of the "dolphin" suspension.

Abbildung 8 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch den Bootsrumpf der Konstruktion gemäss Abb.7. B = Mastfuss-Kugelgelenk; H = Drehpunkt der "Delphin"-Aufhängung; C′ = ausgeschwenkter "Delphin"; J = Drehpunkt des Bootsrumpfs. Der Drehpunkt H kann aber auch tiefer als der Drehpunkt J liegen; um der Rumpfrotation entgegenzuwirken. Der "Delphin" (C) kann unter dem Kiel (K) durchschwingen. Figure 8 shows a cross section through the hull of the construction according to Fig.7. B = mast foot ball joint; H = pivot point of the "dolphin"suspension; C ′ = swung out "dolphin"; J = pivot point of the hull. The pivot point H can also be lower than the pivot point J; to counteract the torso rotation. The "dolphin" (C) can swing under the keel (K).

Der Mast hat ein Mastkreuz welches die Rollen für die "Delphin"-Aufzugsseile trägt. Die Aufzugsseile können durch eine Seilwinde angezogen bzw. gelöst werden. Der Mast kann durch Verkürzen oder Verlängern der Bug- bzw. der Backstag-Länge nach vorne bzw. nach hinten geneigt werden. Diese Bewegung des Masts erfolgt bei dieser Konstruktionsvariante ohne Beteiligung des "Delphins".The mast has a mast cross that carries the roles for the "Delphin" elevator ropes. The elevator ropes can be tightened or released using a winch. The mast can be tilted forward or backward by shortening or lengthening the bow or backstage length. In this construction variant, the movement of the mast takes place without the involvement of the "dolphin".

Beispiel 4Example 4

Abbildung 9 zeigt ein Segelschiff, bei dem der "Delphin" an zwei Stangen seitlich, als auch vor- und rückwärts schwenkbar aufgehängt ist. Die Stangen sind an Kreuzgelenken unten am Bootsrumpf, eine vor die andere hinter dem Kiel, befestigt. Der "Delphin" wird durch Seile, die über am Mast befestigte Rollen führen, angehoben. Die vor- und rückwärts Verschiebung des Delphins erfolgt über eine Ausstellstange, welche sowohl auf und ab, als auch vor- und rückwärts geschwenkt werden kann. Der Mastfuss ist in einem Kugel- oder Kreuzgelenk, welches auf einer Schiene vor und zurückgeschoben und arretiert werden kann, gelagert. Die vor- und rückwärts Neigung des Masts erfolgt durch ziehen oder loslassen am Bug- bzw. Backstag. Figure 9 shows a sailing ship in which the "dolphin" is suspended on two poles to the side as well as swiveling back and forth. The rods are on universal joints below attached to the hull, one in front of the other behind the keel. The "dolphin" is raised by ropes that run over rollers attached to the mast. The dolphin is moved forwards and backwards using an extension rod which can be swiveled up and down as well as forwards and backwards. The mast foot is mounted in a ball or universal joint, which can be pushed back and forth and locked on a rail. The mast is tilted forwards and backwards by pulling or letting go on the bow or back day.

Beispiel 5Example 5

Abbildung 10 zeigt ein Segelschiff, dessen "Delphin" über zwei Schwenkstangen unten am Kiel befestigt ist. Die Befestigung erfolgt je über ein Kreuzgelenk beim Kiel und ein einfaches Gelenk beim "Delphin". Dadurch kann der "Delphin" sowohl seitlich ausgeschwenkt als auch vor und zurück bewegt werden. Der "Delphin" wird seitlich links und rechts je über ein Zugseil, welches über Rollen am Mast führt, hochgezogen. Der Delphin kann auch in Ruhestellung, d.h. wenn er senkrecht und direkt unter dem Kiel hängt nach hinten oder vorne hochgezogen werden, um Wasseruntiefen zu befahren. Figure 10 shows a sailing ship, whose "dolphin" is attached to the bottom of the keel with two swivel rods. The attachment is done via a universal joint on the keel and a simple joint on the "dolphin". This means that the "dolphin" can be swung out sideways and moved back and forth. The "dolphin" is pulled up to the left and right using a pull rope that runs over rollers on the mast. The dolphin can also be pulled up at rest, ie if it hangs vertically and directly under the keel, to the rear or to the front to navigate shallows.

Abbildung 11 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch den Rumpf einer Konstruktion gemäss Abb. 10. Die drei Drehpunkte: Mastdrehpunkt (B), Bootsrumpfdrehpunkt (J) und "Delphin"-Aufhängungsdrehpunkt (H) liegen bei dieser Konstruktion auf verschiedener Höhe. Dadurch werden aber Drehmomente auf den Bootsrumpf übertragen, was bei der Konstruktion zu berücksichtigen ist. Figure 11 shows a cross section through the hull of a construction according to Fig. 10. The three pivot points: mast pivot point (B), boat hull pivot point (J) and "Delphin" suspension pivot point (H) are at different heights in this construction. This means that torques are transferred to the hull, which must be taken into account in the design.

Beispiel 6Example 6

Um Drehmomente um die Längsachse auf den Bootsrumpf und eine Krängung desselben möglichst auszuschalten, ist es von Vorteil, wenn der Drehpunkt des Masts (B), und der Drehpunkt des "Delphins" (H) mit dem Rotationspunkt des Bootsrumpfs (J) zusammenfallen (Abb. 8 und Abb. 11). Allerdings wirken auf den Bootsrumpf nicht nur die Drehmomente, die aus den Abständen der Drehpunkte B und H von J entstehen, sondern zudem auch das Drehmoment, welches durch die am Kiel (oder Schwert) angreifende Kraft, den Driftwiderstand auftritt, und schliesslich auch das Drehmoment, welches durch asymmetrische Beladung des Schiffes erfolgt.In order to switch off torques and a heeling of the boat hull around the longitudinal axis as far as possible, it is advantageous if the pivot point of the mast (B) and the pivot point of the "dolphin" (H) coincide with the point of rotation of the boat hull (J) (Fig 8 and Fig. 11). However, not only the torques that arise from the distances between the pivot points B and H of J act on the boat hull, but also the torque that occurs due to the force acting on the keel (or sword), the drift resistance, and finally also the torque , which takes place through asymmetrical loading of the ship.

Abbildung 12 zeigt ein Segelschiff, bei welchem der Drehpunkt des Masts und der Drehpunkt des Delphins auf einer gemeinsamen Achse liegen. Diese Achse kann mit der Rotationsachse des Bootsrumpfes zusammenfallen. Sie kann aber auch etwas höher gelegt werden, um dem Drehmoment, welches durch den Driftwiderstand am Kiel entsteht, entgegenzuwirken. Figure 12 shows a sailing ship in which the pivot point of the mast and the pivot point of the dolphin lie on a common axis. This axis can coincide with the axis of rotation of the boat hull. However, it can also be set a little higher to counteract the torque caused by the drift resistance on the keel.

Der Mast ist seitlich soweit ausschwenkbar, bis er am Oberdeck aufliegt. Durch ein Mastfussgelenk (N), welches auf dem Rotationsrad des Masts befestigt ist, kann der Mast durch ziehen oder loslassen von Bug- und Backstag auch vor- und rückwärts geschwenkt werden.The mast can be swung out sideways until it rests on the upper deck. By means of a mast foot joint (N), which is attached to the rotating wheel of the mast, the mast can also be pivoted back and forth by pulling or releasing the bow and back days.

Der "Delphin" ist über ein abgewinkeltes Gestänge an der Rotationsachse aufgehängt. Der "Delphin" kann auf diesem Gestänge vor und zurück verschoben werden, z.B. über Zugvorrichtungen, die im Innern des Gestänges (das Gestänge ist in diesem Fall ein Rohr) verlaufen. Diese Zugseile zur vor-und rückwärts Verschiebung des "Delphins" können mit den Seilen des Bug- und Backstags verbunden sein, so dass der "Delphin" sich entsprechend der Rücklage des Masts nach rückwärts verschiebt. Der "Delphin" kann seitlich so hoch ausgeschwenkt werden, wie der Bootsrumpf unten ausgesägt ist.The "dolphin" is suspended from the axis of rotation via an angled linkage. The "dolphin" can be moved back and forth on this linkage, for example using pulling devices that run inside the linkage (in this case the linkage is a tube). These traction ropes for moving the "dolphin" back and forth can be connected to the ropes of the bow and back tags, so that the "Dolphin" moves backwards according to the mast's reserve. The "dolphin" can be swung out sideways as high as the hull is sawn out below.

Abbildung 13 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch den Bootskörper eines Segelschiffs gemäss Abb. 12. Der Bootsrumpf ist praktisch in zwei Teile zersägt, die an der Schnittstelle wasserdicht geschlossen sind. Diese beiden Rumpfteile werden links und rechts durch durchlaufende, tragende Kastenprofile (M) fest miteinander verbunden. In dem durch diese Konstruktion im unteren Rumpfteil entstandenen Einschnitt kann sich der Arm des abgewinkelten "Delphin"-Gestänges seitlich frei pendelnd bis zum Anschlag am Kastenprofil (M) bewegen. Figure 13 shows a cross section through the hull of a sailing ship according to Fig. 12. The hull is practically sawn into two parts, which are watertight at the interface. These two fuselage parts are firmly connected to each other on the left and right by continuous, supporting box profiles (M). In the incision created by this construction in the lower part of the fuselage, the arm of the angled "dolphin" linkage can freely swing sideways up to the stop on the box section (M).

Der Drehpunkt des Masts (B) und der Drehpunkt der "Delphin"-Aufhängung (H) fallen zusammen und liegen in einem Getriebegehäuse, welches mit dem Bootsrumpf fest verbunden ist. Ueber eine Zahnradkonstruktion, die z.B. wie in Abb. 13 angedeutet aus einem äusseren Rad, welches den Mast trägt und einem inneren Rad, welches die "Delphin"-Aufhängung trägt, bestehen kann, ist der Winkel zwischen Mast und "Delphin" verstellbar und fixierbar. Mast und "Delphin" bilden eine Einheit, die im Getriebegehäuse, ohne ein Drehmoment auf den Bootsrumpf zu übertragen, frei drehbar gelagert ist.The fulcrum of the mast (B) and the fulcrum of the "dolphin" suspension (H) coincide and lie in a gear housing which is firmly connected to the boat hull. Via a gear construction, e.g. As indicated in Fig. 13 from an outer wheel that carries the mast and an inner wheel that carries the "dolphin" suspension, the angle between mast and "dolphin" is adjustable and fixable. The mast and "dolphin" form a unit that is freely rotatable in the gear housing without transmitting torque to the hull.

Beispiel 7Example 7

Abbildung 14 zeigt einen Katamaran. Entsprechend dem Beispiel 6 sind der Mastrotationspunkt und "Delphin"-Rotationspunkt auf derselben Nabe zusammengelegt. Die "zwei" Bootsrümpfe sind vollständig durchsägt und repräsentieren vier geschlossene Schwimmkörper. Der "Delphin"-Arm kann frei bis über die Wasseroberfläche ausschwingen. Ebenso kann der Mast seitlich vollständig umgelegt werden. Der "Delphin" ist auf dem abgewinkelten Aufhängearm nach vor- und rückwärts verschiebbar. Durch ein zweites Mastfussgelenk ist der Mast in seiner Neigung nach vorn und hinten über Bug- und Backstag verstellbar. Figure 14 shows a catamaran. According to example 6, the mast rotation point and "dolphin" rotation point are combined on the same hub. The "two" boat hulls are completely sawn through and represent four closed floats. The "dolphin" arm can swing freely up to the surface of the water. The mast can also be completely folded over on the side. The "dolphin" can be moved back and forth on the angled suspension arm. A second mast foot joint allows the mast to be adjusted forwards and backwards via the bow and backstays.

Beispiel 8Example 8

Abbildung 15 zeigt ein Segelschiff, bei dem das Rotationsrad, welches den Mast trägt und das Rotationsrad, welches den "Delphin" trägt beide im Durchmesser dem Durchmesser des Bootsrumpfes entsprechen und in die Wand des Rumpfs integriert sind. Die Ringform dieser Räder ermöglicht einen freien Durchtritt. Bei grösseren Jachten mit Kabine können diese Rotationsringe oben in die Rundung des Kabinendachs integriert werden. Figure 15 shows a sailing ship, in which the rotating wheel, which carries the mast and the rotating wheel, which carries the "dolphin" both correspond in diameter to the diameter of the hull and are integrated into the wall of the hull. The ring shape of these wheels allows free passage. On larger yachts with a cabin, these rotating rings can be integrated into the rounded roof of the cabin.

Ein Rotationsring oder ein Doppelring trägt ein Joch (P) an dessen Enden die Wanten (W) befestigt sind (Abbildung 16). Der Tragarm des "Delphins" ist an einem weiteren Rotationsring befestigt. Die Ringe laufen auf äusseren Rollen und sind gegenüber dem Bootsrumpf unabhängig und frei drehbar gelagert. Abbildung 16 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch diese Art der Konstruktion. Mast-Rotationsring und "Delphin"-Rotationsring sind gegeneinander über ein Zahnrad-Getriebe verstellbar und fixierbar. Der Winkel zwischen dem Mast und dem "Delphin"-Arm ist den Windverhältnissen entsprechend frei wählbar und arretierbar.A rotation ring or a double ring carries a yoke (P) at the ends of which the shrouds (W) are attached ( Figure 16 ). The support arm of the "dolphin" is attached to another rotation ring. The rings run on outer rollers and are independent and freely rotatable relative to the boat hull. Figure 16 shows a cross section through this type of construction. Mast rotation ring and "Delphin" rotation ring are adjustable and fixable against each other via a gear transmission. The angle between the mast and the "dolphin" arm can be freely selected and locked according to the wind conditions.

Wie bei der Konstruktion nach Beispiel 6 ist der Bootsrumpf aussen eingeschnitten. Jedoch geht der Einschnitt in diesem Fall rundum und sowohl der "Delphin"-Arm als auch der Mast können bis zur gegenseitigen Berührung gegeneinander gedreht werden. Als tragende Verbindung zwischen dem vorderen und dem hinteren Rumpfteil dient das tunnelartige Tragprofil (O). Der Einschnitt in die Aussenform des Bootskörpers kann durch verschiebbare Lamellen (L) geschlossen und die Oberfläche dadurch relativ glatt gestaltet werden.As with the construction according to example 6, the boat hull is cut in on the outside. In this case, however, the incision is all-round and both the "dolphin" arm and the mast can be rotated against each other until they touch each other. The tunnel-like support profile (O) serves as the load-bearing connection between the front and the rear fuselage part. The incision in the outer shape of the hull can be closed by sliding slats (L), making the surface relatively smooth.

Beispiel 9Example 9

Abbildung 17 zeigt ein Segelschiff mit zwei Ringsystemen, die den Bootsrumpf umschliessen. Der zylindrische Mittelteil zwischen den beiden Ringsystemen trägt den Mast und ist frei um den Bootsrumpf rotierbar gelagert. Der "Delphin" ist an zwei Armen aufgehängt. Diese zwei "Delphin"-Arme sind je an einem Ring der Ringsysteme analog Beisp. 8, welche gegenüber dem Bootsrumpf ebenfalls frei rotierbar gelagert und gegenüber dem zylindrischen Mittelteil verstellbar und arretierbar sind, befestigt. Der "Delphin" ist somit gegenüber dem Mast um die Schiffslängsachse frei rotierbar und in jedem beliebigen Winkel fixierbar. Mast und Delphin können über Gelenke am Mastfuss bzw. an den "Delphin"-Armen vor- und rückwärts geschwenkt werden. Der Mastfuss kann zudem auf einer Schiene auf dem zylindrischen Mittelstück vor und zurück verschoben und an geeigneter Stelle arretiert werden. Figure 17 shows a sailing ship with two ring systems that enclose the hull. The cylindrical middle section between the two ring systems supports the mast and is freely rotatable around the hull. The "dolphin" is hung on two arms. These two "dolphin" arms are each attached to a ring of the ring systems analogous to example 8, which are also freely rotatable relative to the boat hull and are adjustable and lockable relative to the cylindrical middle part. The "dolphin" can thus be freely rotated around the ship's longitudinal axis and fixed at any angle. The mast and dolphin can be swiveled back and forth via joints on the mast foot or on the "dolphin" arms. The mast foot can also be moved back and forth on a rail on the cylindrical center piece and locked in a suitable place.

Beispiel 10Example 10

Die Konstruktionen gemäss den Beispielen 8 und 9 eignen sich auch für Schiffe, die mehr als einen Mast tragen. Die Anzahl an Ringsystemen kann beliebig, je nach Anzahl der Maste, gewählt werden.The constructions according to Examples 8 and 9 are also suitable for ships that carry more than one mast. The number of ring systems can be chosen according to the number of masts.

Beispiel 11Example 11

Bis anhin wurden Konstruktionssysteme diskutiert, die entweder über Seilzüge und Seilwinden oder über Zahnradgetriebe funktionieren. Wesentlich ist, dass sowohl der Mast als auch der "Delphin" um die Bootslängsachse rotieren können, und dass der Winkel zwischen dem Mast und dem "Delphin" nach Bedarf verstellt und fixiert werden kann. Die Kraft oder die Kräfte, die für das Verstellen dieses Winkels zwischen Mast und Delphin erforderlich sind, können durch Manneskraft oder durch Motorenkraft erbracht werden. Anstelle einer mechanischen Kraftübertragung über Seilwinden und Umlenkrollen oder über Zahnradsysteme sind auch hydraulische Systeme zur Verstellung dieses Winkels möglich. Im weiteren kann auch die Mastneigung vor- und rückwärts als auch die Verschiebung des "Delphins" nach vorne und zurück über Motoren mechanisch oder hydraulisch erfolgen.So far, construction systems have been discussed that either work with wire rope hoists and winches or with gear drives. It is essential that both the mast and the "dolphin" can rotate about the longitudinal axis of the boat, and that the angle between the mast and the "dolphin" can be adjusted and fixed as required. The force or forces required to adjust this angle between the mast and the dolphin can be provided by man power or by motor power. Instead of mechanical power transmission via cable winches and deflection rollers or via gear systems, hydraulic systems for adjusting this angle are also possible. Furthermore, the mast inclination forwards and backwards as well as the displacement of the "dolphin" forwards and backwards can be done mechanically or hydraulically by motors.

Die Steuerung und Festlegung des geeignetsten Winkels und der optimalsten Mastneigung und "Delphin"-Position kann über Windkraft-Sensoren und elektronische Steuerungssysteme (Mikroprozessoren) erfolgen.The control and definition of the most suitable angle and the optimal mast inclination and "dolphin" position can be done via wind power sensors and electronic control systems (microprocessors).

Claims (10)

1. A sailboat comprising:
a hull,
a mast upstanding from said hull, the bottom end of which, a mast foot, is connected to said hull by an articulated joint that allows the mast to be inclined in any direction,
a keel that is connected rigidly to said hull and stabilizes the hull against heeling with its weight and also helps to keep the sailboat from drifting off course,
a "dolphin", a streamlined underwater pendulum weight, which can be moved under said hull both to port and starboard and fore and aft, and which can be lifted sideways in relation to the hull even above the water level,
a suspension system connecting said dolphin with said mast, with which the inclination of said mast can be changed and set both sideways and fore and aft, in order that:

the wind force of a sail acting on said mast will be transmitted to said hull with little or no effective torque,
said mast can be drawn by the weight of said dolphin past the vertical to windward (luff) and can also be inclined aft, whereby
the sailboat can be tackeled and sailed according to the principle of a windsurfing sailboard by positioning the dolphin and the mast accordingly.
2. A sailboat according to claim 1, wherein the position of said mast in relation to the position of said dolphin is set suitably by varying the angle formed by the mast tip, the mast foot, and the dolphin's center of gravity.
3. A sailboat according to claim 2, wherein the torque applied by said dolphin to said mast is established not only by altering the angle specified in claim 2, but also by altering and appropriately setting the distance between the dolphin's center of gravity and said mast foot.
4. A sailboat according to claim 3 wherein the suspension system for said dolphin consists of a plurality of stays passing over pulleys, said stays being shortened by being taken in or lengthened by being payed out in order to vary said angle in claim 3, whereby those stays controlling the movement of said dolphin and said mast to port and starboard, i.e. the lateral stays, are taken in and paid out in coordinated fashion, and those stays controlling the movement of said dolphin and said mast toward the bow and stern, i.e. the fore and aft stays, are likewise taken in and payed out in coordinated fashion.
5. A sailboat according to claim 4, wherein the oscillation path of said dolphin is influenced by a positioning spar that serves simultaneously for transmitting forces acting on said suspension system and said dolphin to said mast foot or said hull.
6. A sailboat according to claim 4, wherein the oscillation path of said dolphin is controlled by one pendulum arm or two pendulum arms that are attached at the shoulder end to said hull or said keel with joints or to said mast foot with a gear unit, and that carry and guide said dolphin at the other end.
7. A sail-powered vehicle, i.e. a sailboat or a catamaran or a vehicle equipped with wheels or runners with a sail arrangement according to claim 3, wherein said dolphin is attached to a pendulum arm of variable length, said pendulum arm being joined to said mast by a universal joint or a gear unit in such a way that the inclination of the mast is possible in any direction and is controlled by the position of the dolphin.
8. A sailboat according to claim 3, wherein said dolphin is fastened to a pendulum arm that is joined to a ring system integrated into the wall of said hull, whereby said ring system serves for fixing said mast in the desired position in relation to said dolphin and allows the fixed unit, comprising mast, pendulum arm, and dolphin, to rotate freely in relation to said hull.
9. A sailboat according to claim 3, wherein said angle between mast tip, mast foot, and center of gravity of the dolphin on the one hand, and said distance between the mast foot and the dolphin's center of gravity on the other, are controlled by anemometers and force sensing devices that control the motorized hydraulic systems with which said angle and said distance are altered.
10. A sailboat according to claim 3, wherein more than one mast is positioned and controlled by a dolphin.
EP88104548A 1987-03-26 1988-03-22 Construction system for heeling the mast of sailing boats to windward Expired - Lifetime EP0284014B1 (en)

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AT88104548T ATE64719T1 (en) 1987-03-26 1988-03-22 CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM TO INCLINE THE MASTS OF SAILING SHIPS TO LUV.

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CH114887 1987-03-26
CH1148/87 1987-03-26

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NZ223903A (en) 1990-07-26
EP0284014A1 (en) 1988-09-28
US4867089A (en) 1989-09-19
ATE64719T1 (en) 1991-07-15
AU610139B2 (en) 1991-05-16
AU1318388A (en) 1988-09-29
ES2024572B3 (en) 1992-03-01
DE3863373D1 (en) 1991-08-01

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