EP0235806B1 - Capsule d'étanchéité de bouteille pour récipients contenant deux composants - Google Patents
Capsule d'étanchéité de bouteille pour récipients contenant deux composants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0235806B1 EP0235806B1 EP87103050A EP87103050A EP0235806B1 EP 0235806 B1 EP0235806 B1 EP 0235806B1 EP 87103050 A EP87103050 A EP 87103050A EP 87103050 A EP87103050 A EP 87103050A EP 0235806 B1 EP0235806 B1 EP 0235806B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bottle
- cup
- closure cap
- wall
- collar
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D81/32—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging two or more different materials which must be maintained separate prior to use in admixture
- B65D81/3216—Rigid containers disposed one within the other
- B65D81/3222—Rigid containers disposed one within the other with additional means facilitating admixture
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D23/00—Details of bottles or jars not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D51/00—Closures not otherwise provided for
- B65D51/24—Closures not otherwise provided for combined or co-operating with auxiliary devices for non-closing purposes
- B65D51/28—Closures not otherwise provided for combined or co-operating with auxiliary devices for non-closing purposes with auxiliary containers for additional articles or materials
- B65D51/2807—Closures not otherwise provided for combined or co-operating with auxiliary devices for non-closing purposes with auxiliary containers for additional articles or materials the closure presenting means for placing the additional articles or materials in contact with the main contents by acting on a part of the closure without removing the closure, e.g. by pushing down, pulling up, rotating or turning a part of the closure, or upon initial opening of the container
- B65D51/2857—Closures not otherwise provided for combined or co-operating with auxiliary devices for non-closing purposes with auxiliary containers for additional articles or materials the closure presenting means for placing the additional articles or materials in contact with the main contents by acting on a part of the closure without removing the closure, e.g. by pushing down, pulling up, rotating or turning a part of the closure, or upon initial opening of the container the additional article or materials being released by displacing or removing an element enclosing it
- B65D51/2885—Closures not otherwise provided for combined or co-operating with auxiliary devices for non-closing purposes with auxiliary containers for additional articles or materials the closure presenting means for placing the additional articles or materials in contact with the main contents by acting on a part of the closure without removing the closure, e.g. by pushing down, pulling up, rotating or turning a part of the closure, or upon initial opening of the container the additional article or materials being released by displacing or removing an element enclosing it the element being the auxiliary container falling into the main container; the additional article or materials in solid block form falling into the main container
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S215/00—Bottles and jars
- Y10S215/08—Mixing
Definitions
- the invention relates to a bottle cap according to the preamble of claim 1 known from DE-V 85 02 008.7.
- the component held ready as a concentrate in the small-volume cup is released for screwing or when the cap is unscrewed for mixing with the second component contained in the bottle.
- the object of the invention is to optimally design a generic bottle cap in terms of use and filling technology.
- a generic bottle cap of increased utility value is achieved: the latter proves above all in the high cup tight seal achieved.
- the entry of the collar end of the cap into an annular groove of the cup practically leads to a double seal.
- the inside and outside wall of the end-face collar lie firmly against the corresponding ring surfaces of the stake groove.
- the seal since the seal lies in the area of the bottom of the cup, the entire length of the cup can be used to the maximum as a filling space.
- the excess length of the cup (cup wall) necessary for the sealing disappears in the ring groove.
- the cap can be filled like a cup by turning the cap and, accordingly, the collar pointing upwards.
- the cup-shaped closure cap has a larger diameter anyway and consequently proves to be more stable, for example in the case of automatic loading during belt transport.
- the cup is then simply assigned with its opening facing downwards like a cap, i.e. screwed on.
- the corresponding rotary movement of the two parts to be joined together also favors the sealing on the bottom side; the end of the collar turns into the ring groove.
- the annular groove on the bottom of the cup is adjacent to the cup jacket wall in such a way that, together with an annular step of the cup base, in cross section, it forms a U-profile. This leads to an increase in the flexibility of adaptation of the groove flanks forming the sealing surfaces.
- the sealing end face also has good adaptability insofar as the end face of the collar entering the annular groove is reduced in its wall thickness. This results in increased flexibility.
- the coupling engagement projections are formed by radially projecting, axially extending ribs, the bottom-side end region of which extends below the ring-bottom zone of the ring groove. In addition to the driving function of such coupling projections, the latter also fulfill that of a stabilizing longwall.
- the cup wall can therefore be chosen to be quite thin.
- the continuation of the coupling protrusions below the ring bottom zone of the ring groove also stiffens the U-profile in the bottom area.
- the anchoring of the projections on the cup side is also better.
- the axial course of the ribs extends over the entire axial length of the cup wall.
- the load on the ribs be it through the claws of a screw-on tool or in connection with the clutch engagement, is distributed over a larger area of the cup wall.
- the measure that the inner wall carries the same stiffening ribs also has a stabilizing effect on the collar.
- the bottle neck is adjacent to a second bottle neck with the same thread, on which a second cap sits, the top edge of the cap sealingly engaging a shoulder of the bottle neck, for which purpose the length of the bottle neck is shorter than that axial length of the sealing cap
- the mixing process is carried out by simply changing the caps. A container is thus obtained which leaves the time of mixing to the consumer without overwhelming him with regard to handling. He only needs to implement the caps.
- the cup-shaped bottle cap 1 shown has a bottle screw thread 3 on its inner wall 2, the latter extending from the edge of the cap 4 to about half the height of the inner wall 2. It can be a single-start or multi-start thread.
- the bottle neck I molded onto a bottle 5 in the form of a cylindrical neck carries the corresponding counter thread 6 for the bottle screw-on thread 3.
- the lower flank of this counter thread 6 is set steeper than the upper flank. There is a sawtooth structure.
- the bottle cap 1 is designed to receive a first component A.
- the second component B is taken up by the larger volume of the bottle 5.
- the receiving space for the first component A for example in the form of a concentrate such as crop protection agent, beverage syrup or the like, forms a collar 7 molded onto the closure cap 1 in conjunction with a cup 8 screwed thereon.
- the collar 7 goes from the flat floor or the ceiling of the Pot-shaped cap 1. It (7) extends concentrically to the cylindrical pot wall W and projects into the bottle neck opening 9 when the closure cap 1 is screwed on.
- the thread formed on the jacket wall of the collar 7 is designated by 10 and interacts with a corresponding counter thread 11 on the inner wall of the cup 8.
- the counter thread 11 is realized as a two-start thread. This is a left-hand thread, while the thread between the closure cap 1 and the mating thread 6 of the bottle neck I is designed as a right-hand thread.
- the corresponding opposite movement is used to unscrew the cup 8 from the collar 7 when the closure cap 1 is screwed on.
- 8 anti-rotation means are inserted between the bottle neck I and the cup.
- the coupling engagement holding the cup 8 only occurs after a screwing-on movement of approximately 360 ° , at least in a phase in which the thread engagement between 3 and 6 is present.
- the strips 13, which are also axially aligned, only start at half the height of the bottle neck I.
- the area in front of it on the mouth consequently does not act as a rotation lock; it thus allows the cup 8 screwed onto the collar 7 to be taken freely without rotation.
- the coupling engages as a result of the thread.
- the front end 7 'or the free edge of the collar 7 engages in a form-fitting manner in an annular groove 14 in the cup 8.
- This annular groove is formed once by the central insertion of the cup base 15. This leads to a U- Profile in the edge region of the cup base 15 and to two sealing points D1 and D2 on the rotationally symmetrical, cylindrical flanks of the annular groove 14 and the corresponding circumferential corresponding counter surfaces of the front end 7 '.
- the indentation leads to an annular step St, which extends at an axial distance from the free end edge of the collar.
- the front end 7 ' is reduced in thickness at least beyond the dimension of the groove depth, specifically by removing the collar 7 on the casing wall side.
- the transition stage between the two different thickness ranges is designated by 16. It is an inclined step, which has an obtuse angle of more than 120 ° , so that any notch effect is avoided.
- the inner and outer edge of the collar end 7 ' is chamfered. This and a funnel-like beveling of the entrance of the annular groove 14 leads to an advantageous centering effect, which favors the screw assignment of the cup 8 or the screwing of the collar 7 into it.
- the sealing points D1 and D2, which are arranged in pairs, can be under additional sealing stress due to a slight prestressing of the U-profile due to a restoring force to be obtained therefrom.
- the projections 12 are formed by radially projecting axially extending ribs.
- the height and width of this rib essentially correspond to the thickness of the cup wall.
- the ribs start at the height of the cup rim 8 'and extend to below the ring bottom zone 17 of the ring groove 14.
- the corresponding undergrip is clearly shown in FIG. 3.
- the back of the ribs extends to the level of this ring zone 17. Only from here does a bevel 18 of the projections converge in the direction of the longitudinal central axis x-x of the cup 8. After a course zone 19 aligned parallel to the floor 15, the rib then rises again at an angle.
- This section bears the reference number 20 and runs out on the inner edge of the base protuberance.
- a stabilizing stiffening of the annular groove 14 results, for example, on two diametrically opposed zones of the cup 8. More than two projections 12 of the jacket wall of the cup 8 can also be formed.
- the lower cup section is conical on the outside at an axial height which corresponds approximately to the depth of the annular groove 14.
- the taper lies in the direction of the intersection P of the converging bevels 18 of the ribs 18.
- the root area of the ribs is also enlarged, i.e. the ribs involved in the clutch engagement prove to be quite stable.
- the point P lies at a distance from the bottom ring zone 17, which corresponds approximately to the radius of the cylindrical cup 8.
- the bottle-side counter-coupling means in the form of the strips 13, which cooperate with the projections 12, have a sawtooth-like cross-section, ie they have a steep flank 13 'and a fleeing flank 13 "(see FIG. 5).
- the steep flank 13' is in essentially aligned with the center of the bottle neck opening 9. This is countered by the correspondingly steep, corresponding side of the projection 12.
- the bottle caps 1 are placed on the back so that the collar 7 points upward with its opening. The filling takes place.
- the cup 8 is screwed on in a cap-like manner from above via a feed device.
- the end edge 7 ' rotates sealingly into the annular groove 14.
- the sealing collar 22 is concentric with the collar 7, but is of considerably lower height, so that the corresponding sealing effect only occurs at the last moment of the screwing-on movement.
- the bottle 5 which is designed as a flat container, also has an additional bottle neck II.
- the latter has the same thread as the bottle neck I, which is why the bottle cap fits on both screw connections.
- the reference numbers are applied accordingly.
- the bottle neck 11 is, however, as can be seen from a comparison in FIG. 6, of significantly less height or axial length.
- the pot rim 23 of the second closure cap 1 'sealing ly acts on a shoulder 24 of the bottle neck II.
- the pot edge 23 can be lip-shaped.
- this bottle neck 11 is not equipped with counter-coupling means in the form of strips 13.
- the bottle necks 1, 11 are arranged on different levels.
- the bottle 5 forms a niche 26 on the side of a neck section tapering towards the free end, in the lower horizontal step of which the bottle neck I is rooted.
- the usable height range of the bottle is scaled and provided with filling quantity information.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Closures For Containers (AREA)
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT87103050T ATE53365T1 (de) | 1986-03-07 | 1987-03-04 | Flaschen-verschlusskappe fuer zwei-komponentenpackungen. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE8606224U DE8606224U1 (de) | 1986-03-07 | 1986-03-07 | Flaschen-Verschlußkappe für Zwei-Komponenten-Packungen |
DE8606224U | 1986-03-07 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0235806A2 EP0235806A2 (fr) | 1987-09-09 |
EP0235806A3 EP0235806A3 (en) | 1989-02-15 |
EP0235806B1 true EP0235806B1 (fr) | 1990-06-06 |
Family
ID=6792447
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP87103050A Expired - Lifetime EP0235806B1 (fr) | 1986-03-07 | 1987-03-04 | Capsule d'étanchéité de bouteille pour récipients contenant deux composants |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4903828A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0235806B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE53365T1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA1286639C (fr) |
DE (2) | DE8606224U1 (fr) |
SG (1) | SG125092G (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10045887A1 (de) * | 2000-09-16 | 2002-04-04 | Compo Gmbh & Co Kg | Vorrichtung zum Verschliessen eines Flaschenhalses einer ein Trägermedium und einen davon getrennten Wirkstoff aufnehmenden Flasche |
Families Citing this family (37)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3837595A1 (de) * | 1988-04-14 | 1990-05-10 | Goldwell Gmbh | Doppelkammer-behaelter |
FR2630997B1 (fr) * | 1988-05-04 | 1990-09-14 | Tecnoma | Dispositif pour introduire une quantite dosee d'un produit a l'interieur d'une enceinte |
DE3828729C3 (de) * | 1988-08-24 | 1996-11-21 | Nutricia Nv | Adapter zum Anschließen von enteralen Überleitungsgeräten |
DE4121540A1 (de) * | 1991-06-28 | 1993-01-07 | Finke Robert Gmbh | Flaschenverschlusskappe fuer zwei-komponenten-packungen |
DE4212434A1 (de) * | 1992-04-14 | 1993-10-21 | Henkel Kgaa | Anordnung zum Nachfüllen eines Behälters |
DE4326152A1 (de) * | 1993-08-04 | 1995-02-09 | Goldwell Ag | Zweikammer-Verpackung |
US5525299A (en) * | 1993-08-13 | 1996-06-11 | Lowe; Henry E. | Container closure |
DE4421286C1 (de) * | 1994-06-17 | 1995-08-31 | Henkel Kgaa | Behälter für ein fließfähiges Produkt |
GB2288384B (en) * | 1994-04-07 | 1997-06-25 | Johnson & Johnson Medical | Two-component packages |
DE4438358C1 (de) * | 1994-10-27 | 1996-02-01 | Henkel Kgaa | Behälter für ein fließfähiges Produkt |
GB2298406B (en) * | 1995-02-21 | 1998-05-06 | Bespak Plc | Dual component dispensing apparatus |
HU218177B (hu) * | 1996-12-16 | 2000-06-28 | dr. Ledniczky Mária Pálfiné | Tárolóedény elegyek elkészítésére |
MX203911B (es) * | 1997-05-21 | 2001-08-24 | Pablo Andres Robles Gonzalez | Aparato contenedor de substancias solubles en medios fluidos y metodo para la preparacion de mezclas en sitio. |
ES1038083Y (es) * | 1997-08-19 | 1998-11-01 | Collado Bonet Jose | Doble envase mezclador y aplicador de productos. |
GB2371286B (en) * | 2001-01-16 | 2004-05-05 | Brackens Entpr | Method and device for adding a fluid to a bulk liquid |
WO2003013962A1 (fr) * | 2001-08-06 | 2003-02-20 | Sji Limited | Bouchon |
AT412642B (de) * | 2002-04-30 | 2005-05-25 | Antensteiner Consulting Gmbh | Verschlusskappe für flaschen |
AU2003291790A1 (en) * | 2003-01-03 | 2004-07-29 | Sji Limited | Mixing dispenser |
CN100355633C (zh) * | 2003-01-03 | 2007-12-19 | Sji有限公司 | 混合配送器 |
US20050167297A1 (en) * | 2004-01-30 | 2005-08-04 | Emanuel Shenkar | Easy-open closure for container and method of use |
US20050167296A1 (en) * | 2004-01-30 | 2005-08-04 | Emanuel Shenkar | Dosing closure and method of using |
US20050167295A1 (en) * | 2004-01-30 | 2005-08-04 | Emanuel Shenkar | Portion closure and method of using |
US20050184090A1 (en) * | 2004-02-19 | 2005-08-25 | Dejonge Stuart W. | Dual chamber dispenser with dual position dispensing cap |
CA2635693C (fr) * | 2006-01-17 | 2012-05-22 | Xiao Gong | Recipient de melange avec enceinte interne debrayable et ses utilisations |
US7938258B2 (en) * | 2006-10-05 | 2011-05-10 | E.I.D. Parry (India) Limited | Container assembly |
ITMO20060317A1 (it) * | 2006-10-06 | 2008-04-07 | Lameplast Spa | "confezione per prodotti a preparazione estemporanea" |
EP2837577B1 (fr) * | 2007-07-23 | 2016-09-14 | Jeong-Min Lee | Bouchon de bouteille |
DE102014113392B4 (de) | 2014-05-07 | 2022-08-25 | Gizmo Packaging Limited | Verschlussvorrichtung für einen Behälter |
DE102014113391A1 (de) | 2014-05-07 | 2015-11-12 | Gizmo Packaging Limited | Verschlussvorrichtung für einen Behälter |
CN106742669B (zh) * | 2016-12-15 | 2019-02-26 | 湖北佰特克生物工程有限公司 | 一种健康饮料瓶 |
CN108725988B (zh) * | 2017-04-19 | 2020-02-07 | 杨芳林 | 封盖及具有该封盖的容器 |
CN109422006A (zh) * | 2017-09-05 | 2019-03-05 | 杨芳林 | 瓶盖 |
CN109422005A (zh) * | 2017-09-05 | 2019-03-05 | 杨芳林 | 容器盖 |
US10414563B2 (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2019-09-17 | Fang Lin Yang | Sealing cap and container having the sealing cap |
CN110902135A (zh) * | 2019-07-19 | 2020-03-24 | 本质(深圳)信息技术有限公司 | 容器及其可自动配料的内胆 |
CN112623420A (zh) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-09 | 杭州恒新塑业有限公司 | 一种高密封性pe瓶及加工方法 |
KR20230134864A (ko) * | 2022-03-15 | 2023-09-22 | 안진희 | 외캡과 결합하는 내캡의 걸림 및 차단 구조 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL7413077A (nl) * | 1974-10-03 | 1976-04-06 | Leer Koninklijke Emballage | Houder met schroefdop. |
FR2342914A1 (fr) * | 1976-03-02 | 1977-09-30 | Oreal | Dispositif de conditionnement de deux produits isoles l'un de l'autre avant la distribution |
DE2753737C2 (de) * | 1977-12-02 | 1984-04-19 | Wella Ag, 6100 Darmstadt | Behälter für zwei schüttbare Stoffe |
DE3327615C2 (de) * | 1983-07-30 | 1985-08-14 | Robert Finke KG, 5950 Finnentrop | Zwei-Komponenten-Packung |
US4563186A (en) * | 1984-04-05 | 1986-01-07 | Purex Corporation | Multi-functional laundry product and employment of same during fabric laundering |
DE8502008U1 (de) * | 1985-01-26 | 1985-08-29 | Celamerck Gmbh & Co Kg, 6507 Ingelheim | Verschlußkappe für Zweikomponentenpackungen |
-
1986
- 1986-03-07 DE DE8606224U patent/DE8606224U1/de not_active Expired
-
1987
- 1987-03-04 DE DE8787103050T patent/DE3763055D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-03-04 AT AT87103050T patent/ATE53365T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-03-04 EP EP87103050A patent/EP0235806B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-03-06 US US07/023,061 patent/US4903828A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-03-09 CA CA000531475A patent/CA1286639C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-12-09 SG SG1250/92A patent/SG125092G/en unknown
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10045887A1 (de) * | 2000-09-16 | 2002-04-04 | Compo Gmbh & Co Kg | Vorrichtung zum Verschliessen eines Flaschenhalses einer ein Trägermedium und einen davon getrennten Wirkstoff aufnehmenden Flasche |
DE10045887C2 (de) * | 2000-09-16 | 2003-06-18 | Compo Gmbh & Co Kg | Schraubverschluss für eine Zwei-Komponenten-Packung |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SG125092G (en) | 1993-03-12 |
ATE53365T1 (de) | 1990-06-15 |
DE8606224U1 (de) | 1987-07-02 |
US4903828A (en) | 1990-02-27 |
CA1286639C (fr) | 1991-07-23 |
EP0235806A3 (en) | 1989-02-15 |
EP0235806A2 (fr) | 1987-09-09 |
DE3763055D1 (de) | 1990-07-12 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB LI LU NL |
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PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
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RHK1 | Main classification (correction) |
Ipc: B65D 51/28 |
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Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB LI LU NL |
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17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19890621 |
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