EP0198951B1 - Orthopaedic support, especially an orthopaedic shoe insertion, and process for its production - Google Patents

Orthopaedic support, especially an orthopaedic shoe insertion, and process for its production Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0198951B1
EP0198951B1 EP85112695A EP85112695A EP0198951B1 EP 0198951 B1 EP0198951 B1 EP 0198951B1 EP 85112695 A EP85112695 A EP 85112695A EP 85112695 A EP85112695 A EP 85112695A EP 0198951 B1 EP0198951 B1 EP 0198951B1
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Prior art keywords
support member
member according
area
orthopaedic
orthopaedic support
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EP85112695A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0198951A3 (en
EP0198951B9 (en
EP0198951A2 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Kremendahl
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Globus Berkemann GmbH and Co KG
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Globus Fussstuetzenfabrik Karl Kremendahl
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Priority to AT85112695T priority Critical patent/ATE38766T1/en
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Publication of EP0198951A3 publication Critical patent/EP0198951A3/en
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Publication of EP0198951B1 publication Critical patent/EP0198951B1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/14—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts
    • A43B7/1405—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form
    • A43B7/1415—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form characterised by the location under the foot
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B17/00—Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined
    • A43B17/14—Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined made of sponge, rubber, or plastic materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/14—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts
    • A43B7/1405—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form
    • A43B7/1415—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form characterised by the location under the foot
    • A43B7/142—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form characterised by the location under the foot situated under the medial arch, i.e. under the navicular or cuneiform bones
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/14—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts
    • A43B7/22—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with fixed flat-foot insertions, metatarsal supports, ankle flaps or the like

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an orthopedic support part, in particular an orthopedic support insert, made of polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing the orthopedic support part.
  • Support parts are required in orthopedics, which must have different zonal properties.
  • an orthopedic shoe insert with a support area for the midfoot and a heel area is required that the heel area is elastically flexible and the support area is relatively stiff, but also still elastic, and is also re-deformable to adapt to individual foot shapes.
  • These requirements must also meet other orthopedic support parts, such as. B. cervical orthoses, peroneus splints etc.
  • Orthopedic support parts in particular orthopedic shoe inserts made of thermoplastic material, are already known and can be deformed. Particularly in the case of orthopedic shoe inserts with a heel area, a material thickness must be selected to ensure sufficient support rigidity, which causes an unpleasant, so-called application in the shoe and makes it uncomfortable to wear. The products become heavy and rigid and possibly also expensive due to the required amount or thickness of material. Zones of different properties that meet the requirements are almost not realizable.
  • an orthopedic shoe insert which consists of a thermoplastic plastic that maintains its given, anatomically designed shape elastically resilient at normal use temperature and is plastically deformable at elevated temperature and maintains this forced shape after cooling .
  • the plastic is a casting resin, in particular a glass fiber reinforced acrylic casting resin, with several layers of a tubular jersey fabric serving as reinforcement. Between 10 and 14 layers of tubular jersey fabric are used.
  • the various intermediate layers of glass fabric material are placed in a step-like manner, the heel contact surface being very thinly covered with only a few layers. This ensures that the heel contact surface is less stiff than the other parts of the shoe insert.
  • the process for producing the known shoe insert is extremely complex. Different stiffnesses are caused by different thicknesses of the plastic material and by the number of fabric inserts. In addition, only one blank can be produced, which must then be processed by grinding or milling.
  • the object of the invention is to provide one-piece orthopedic support parts, in particular one-piece orthopedic shoe inserts, made of polyethylene terephthalate, which are easy and repeatable to be deformed, can be made very thin and yet provide the required support force without risk of breakage and are inexpensive and easy to use with zones different Properties can be produced.
  • the orthopedic support part in particular the orthopedic shoe insert, consists of a thermoplastic linear polyester (polyalkylene terephthalate), namely of polyethylene terephthalate, hereinafter referred to with the internationally known abbreviation PETP.
  • polyalkylene terephthalate polyethylene terephthalate
  • the invention has succeeded in creating orthopedic support parts, in particular orthopedic shoe inserts, which can be optimized in terms of their properties.
  • polyethylene terephthalate it is possible to create zones of different thickness and regardless of the thickness of different elasticity and stiffness or support strength and to choose dimensions in which such properties do not occur with other plastics.
  • the heel area in the material is thinner than the support area and resiliently flexible, while the support area is so stiff that it remains dimensionally stable when loaded by the body weight transferred from the foot and at the temperatures occurring in the shoe.
  • the thickness in the heel area is z. B. 0.8 to 1.1 mm, while the thickness in the support area is 3.2 to 3.6 mm. This results in the different properties (elasticity - rigidity) of these Areas essentially not by the different thickness, but rather by different material structures, which will be explained further below.
  • Polyalkylene terephthalates are engineering plastics and are generally used where good dimensional stability and high creep resistance are required, but especially the good sliding and wear behavior is emphasized.
  • the following properties of the PETP are known. Depending on the processing conditions and the type of material, it can be in the amorphous-transparent or partially crystalline state (30% to 40% crystallinity) due to the low crystallization rate. An amorphous structure occurs at tool temperatures up to a maximum of 40 ° C, and semi-crystalline structure occurs at higher tool temperatures. The degree of crystallization can be increased by nucleating agents.
  • PETPs on the market with fillers and reinforcing materials such as B. with glass fibers, glass balls, minerals, talc.
  • PETP is transparent in the amorphous state and opaque white in the semi-crystalline state.
  • Partially crystalline PETP has high hardness, rigidity and strength with good toughness down to -40 ° C. It exhibits good creep rupture behavior and low abrasion with favorable sliding properties.
  • PETP is provided with up to 30% glass fibers to increase strength, modulus of elasticity and creep resistance.
  • PETP semi-crystalline is very good heat resistant, can be used from -40 ° C to 100 ° C. In the amorphous state, the dimensional stability under heat is lower.
  • the crystalline melting range of PETP is between 255 ° C to 258 ° C.
  • PETP is offered as granules on the market. It can be processed by injection molding.
  • melt temperatures from 260 ° C to 290 ° C and injection pressures from 1000 to 1700 bar. With glass fiber reinforcement, more favorable conditions can be set.
  • the tool temperatures should be from 30 ° C to 140 ° C, whereby amorphous types should be processed at lower and semi-crystalline types at higher tool temperatures.
  • the orthopedic support parts according to the invention are produced by injection molding.
  • a glass fiber reinforced PETP is preferably used, which is produced by a mixture of a commercially available glass fiber-containing granulate with a commercially available glass fiber-free granulate. It is advantageous if the granules have grain sizes in the range from 1 to 5 mm, preferably from 2 to 3 mm.
  • the glass fiber content of the one granulate is 10 to 20% by weight, preferably about 15% by weight, the randomly arranged glass fibers being intended to have a short length of 200 to 500 »m and a thickness of 1 to 2» m.
  • a mixture of 2: 1 to 3: 1 glass fiber reinforced to unfilled PETP granules is preferably used.
  • a homogeneous melt is produced from the granulate mixture in an injection molding machine at 300 ° C. to 360 ° C., which is pressed into the injection mold at more than 1800, in particular approximately 1800 to 2200 bar.
  • the temperatures and pressures chosen according to the invention are therefore higher than normal.
  • the plastic melt is pressed into the injection mold through an opening from the midfoot head side.
  • the plastic mass that enters a cavity of relatively large cross-section flows very quickly into the narrowed zone of the heel area.
  • Different temperatures in the heel and midfoot area of the injection mold result in different material properties. This ensures that the material solidifies amorphously in the heel area and more or less crystallizes in the midfoot area, so that the desired elastic properties in the heel area and the desired rigidity in the midfoot area are established.
  • glass fiber-reinforced plastic material care is taken to ensure that a considerable amount of filler material, namely glass fibers, does not penetrate into the heel region, so that a plastic with a lower glass fiber content is present in this zone. In the other zone, on the other hand, there is a correspondingly higher proportion of glass fibers than the starting melt. From these Differences in the composition result in optimal properties of the plastic in the corresponding areas.
  • the "glass fiber filtration" does not result from the narrowing of the heel area in the injection mold.
  • it is controlled by the different temperatures. For example, temperatures of 40 ° C. to 80 ° C. in the heel area and in the midfoot area of 80 ° C. to 110 ° C. are set in the injection molding tool during injection molding.
  • the properties of the plastic in a one-piece support part from unreinforced PETP, as well as from reinforced PETP, through the choice of certain melting temperatures and injection pressures as well as through the selection of certain zonal different solidification temperatures in the injection mold are.
  • the properties range from resilient properties, e.g. B. in the thin heel area of a shoe insert, up to the rigid stiffness in the midfoot area, the z. B. caused by the solidification of the plastic and / or by the degree of filling with glass fibers and / or by the crystallinity of the plastic.
  • the one-piece shoe insert 1 shown is designed for insertion into the left shoe. It has a curved support area 2 for the midfoot and an integrally connected heel area 5.
  • the support area 2 is intended to support the outer longitudinal vault with its outer area 3 and the inner longitudinal vault of a foot with its inner area 4.
  • the support area 2 ends at the front behind the metatarsal heads of the foot, so that the insert does not support the entire foot, but only the midfoot and the heel.
  • the heel area 5 is thinner in material than the support area 2.
  • the plastic in the heel area is amorphous.
  • a z. B. 2 to 8 mm wide edge 6 is arranged in the outer edge region of the support part 2, which also consists of amorphous PETP, while the core region 7 is more or less crystalline. These differences are clearly discernible, since the core area 7 is opaque and the edge 6, like the heel area 5, is glassy transparent.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides that the crystalline core region 7 is coated on all sides by amorphous plastic, so that the surface of the shoe insert consists entirely of amorphous plastic.
  • the thickness of the jacket is z. B. 0.5 to 2 mm.
  • the support area 2, in particular the core area 7, is glass-fiber reinforced, while the heel area 5 is glass-fiber-free or less fiber-glass.
  • the heel area has a glass fiber content that is up to 20% by weight less.
  • the heel area generally remaining unchanged.
  • the support area is heated in its entirety or zonally and z. B. deformed by hand. After deforming and cooling, the support area 2 maintains the new spatial shape.
  • the stiffness can remain unchanged. However, it can also be increased by the selected post-forming temperature by post-forming at relatively high temperatures, so that the crystallinity and, as a result, the rigidity are increased. It is particularly favorable that PETP, but in particular also glass fiber-reinforced PETP, can be deformed as often as desired without the required properties suffering.
  • the invention also makes it possible to mold a pad 8 in the midfoot arch region.
  • the orthopedic support part according to the invention in particular the shoe insert according to the invention, can be produced in one operation using the injection molding process. Due to the advantageous choice of materials, a combination of rigidity and elasticity is ensured in wide areas despite the one-piece design. For subsequent adaptation of the support part to the body part to be supported, it is possible to change the shape and possibly also the stiffness by heating without losing the properties. Typed parts can thus be produced because any deformation is possible afterwards. This considerably simplifies production and warehousing.
  • PETP is also commercially available as a colored plastic. Support parts of different colors can therefore be produced.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

An orthopedic support part of synthetic plastic material is composed of polyethylene terephthalate and has zones of different stiffnesses. A method of manufacturing of the orthopedic support part includes injection casting of polyethylene terephthalate, and provision of different temperatures in an injection casting tool for obtaining the zones of different stiffnesses.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein orthopädisches Stützteil, insbesondere eine orthopädische Stutzeinlage, aus Polyethylenterephthalat. Die Erfindung betrifft außerdem ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des orthopädischen Stützteils.The invention relates to an orthopedic support part, in particular an orthopedic support insert, made of polyethylene terephthalate. The invention also relates to a method for producing the orthopedic support part.

In der Orthopädie werden Stützteile benötigt, die zonal unterschiedliche Eigenschaften aufweisen müssen. Beispielsweise wird von einer orthopädischen Schuheinlage mit einem Stützbereich für den Mittelfuß und einem Fersenbereich verlangt, daß der Fersenbereich elastisch flexibel und der Stützbereich relativ steif, aber auch noch elastisch und außerdem zur Anpassung an individuelle Fußformen nachverformbar ist. Diesen Anforderungen müssen auch andere orthopädische Stützteile genügen, wie z. B. Cervical-Orthesen, Peroneus-Schienen usw.Support parts are required in orthopedics, which must have different zonal properties. For example, an orthopedic shoe insert with a support area for the midfoot and a heel area is required that the heel area is elastically flexible and the support area is relatively stiff, but also still elastic, and is also re-deformable to adapt to individual foot shapes. These requirements must also meet other orthopedic support parts, such as. B. cervical orthoses, peroneus splints etc.

Es sind bereits orthopädische Stützteile, insbesondere orthopädische Schuheinlagen aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff bekannt, die nachverformbar sind. Insbesondere im Falle der orthopädischen Schuheinlagen mit Fersenbereich muß aber zur Gewährleistung einer ausreichenden Stützsteifigkeit eine Materialdicke gewählt werden, die ein unangenehmes, sogenanntes Auftragen im Schuh verursacht und das Tragen unbequem macht. Die Produkte werden bedingt durch die erforderliche Materialmenge bzw. -dicke schwer und starr sowie gegebenenfalls auch teuer. Zonen unterschiedlicher, den Anforderungen genügender Eigenschaften, sind fast nicht realisierbar. Man hat zwar schon Zonen z. B. im Fersenbereich einer orthopädischen Schuheinlage dünner geschliffen, um unterschiedliche Eigenschaften zu bewirken. Die dünnen Zonen brechen aber zu leicht, insbesondere im Übergangsbereich zum Mittelfußbereich, auf dem das Personengewicht lastet.Orthopedic support parts, in particular orthopedic shoe inserts made of thermoplastic material, are already known and can be deformed. Particularly in the case of orthopedic shoe inserts with a heel area, a material thickness must be selected to ensure sufficient support rigidity, which causes an unpleasant, so-called application in the shoe and makes it uncomfortable to wear. The products become heavy and rigid and possibly also expensive due to the required amount or thickness of material. Zones of different properties that meet the requirements are almost not realizable. One has zones z. B. ground thinner in the heel area of an orthopedic shoe insert to bring about different properties. However, the thin zones break too easily, especially in the transition area to the midfoot area, on which the person's weight rests.

Aus der DE-A-3 304 537 ist eine orthopädische Schuheinlage bekannt, die aus einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff besteht, der bei normaler Gebrauchstemperatur seine gegebene, anatomisch gestaltete Form elastisch federnd beibehält und bei erhöhter Temperatur plastisch verformbar ist und diese aufgezwungene Form nach dem Erkalten beibehält. Der Kunststoff ist ein Gießharz, insbesondere ein glasfaserverstärktes Acryl-Gießharz, wobei als Verstärkung mehrere Lagen eines Schlauchtrikotgewebes dienen. Verwendet werden etwa zwischen 10 und 14 Schlauchtrikotgewebelagen. Bei der Herstellung dieser bekannten Schuheinlage werden die verschiedenen Zwischenlagen von Glasgewebematerial stufenförmig aufgelegt, wobei die Fersenauftrittsfläche sehr dünn mit nur wenigen Lagen belegt sein kann. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß die Fersenauftrittsfläche weniger steif ist als die anderen Teile der Schuheinlage. Das Verfahren zur Herstellung der bekannten Schuheinlage ist außerordentlich aufwendig. Unterschiedliche Steifigkeiten werden durch unterschiedliche Dicken des Kunststoffmaterials und durch die Anzahl der Gewebeeinlagen bewirkt. Außerdem kann nur ein Rohling hergestellt werden, der anschließend durch Schleifen oder Fräsen bearbeitet werden muß.From DE-A-3 304 537 an orthopedic shoe insert is known, which consists of a thermoplastic plastic that maintains its given, anatomically designed shape elastically resilient at normal use temperature and is plastically deformable at elevated temperature and maintains this forced shape after cooling . The plastic is a casting resin, in particular a glass fiber reinforced acrylic casting resin, with several layers of a tubular jersey fabric serving as reinforcement. Between 10 and 14 layers of tubular jersey fabric are used. In the production of this known shoe insert, the various intermediate layers of glass fabric material are placed in a step-like manner, the heel contact surface being very thinly covered with only a few layers. This ensures that the heel contact surface is less stiff than the other parts of the shoe insert. The process for producing the known shoe insert is extremely complex. Different stiffnesses are caused by different thicknesses of the plastic material and by the number of fabric inserts. In addition, only one blank can be produced, which must then be processed by grinding or milling.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist, einstückige orthopädische Stützteile, insbesondere einstückige orthopädische Schuheinlagen, aus Polyethytenterephthatat zu schaffen, die gut und wiederholbar nachverformbar sind, sehr dünn ausgeführt sein können und dennoch die erforderliche Stützkraft ohne Bruchgefahr zur Verfügung stellen und preisgünstig und auf einfache Weise mit Zonen unterschiedlicher Eigenschaften herstellbar sind.The object of the invention is to provide one-piece orthopedic support parts, in particular one-piece orthopedic shoe inserts, made of polyethylene terephthalate, which are easy and repeatable to be deformed, can be made very thin and yet provide the required support force without risk of breakage and are inexpensive and easy to use with zones different Properties can be produced.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Hauptanspruchs und des Anspruchs 19 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden in den zu diesen Ansprüchen formulierten Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.This object is solved by the features of the main claim and claim 19. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims formulated for these claims.

Das orthopädische Stützteil, insbesondere die orthopädische Schuheinlage, besteht aus einem thermoplastischen linearen Polyester (Polyalkylenterephthalat), und zwar aus Polyethylenterephthalat, im folgenden mit der international bekannten Abkürzung PETP genannt.The orthopedic support part, in particular the orthopedic shoe insert, consists of a thermoplastic linear polyester (polyalkylene terephthalate), namely of polyethylene terephthalate, hereinafter referred to with the internationally known abbreviation PETP.

Es ist zwar schon eine im Handel erhältliche Schuheinlage aus glasfaserverstärkten PETP bekannt, die aber keinen Fersenbereich aufweist. Die Stützeinlage ist außerordentlich steif und hat sich aus diesem Grunde nicht durchsetzen können. Außerdem war es nicht gelungen, eine Schuheinlage mit einem einstückig daran angeordneten Fersenbereich mit diesem Kunststoff auszubilden. Insofern konnte keineswegs erwartet werden, daß dieser Kunststoff sich dennoch eignet, eine Schuheinlage mit einstückig angeformtem Fersenbereich zu schaffen.Although a commercially available shoe insert made of glass fiber reinforced PETP is known, it does not have a heel area. The support insert is extremely stiff and has therefore not been able to assert itself. In addition, it was not possible to form a shoe insert with a heel area arranged in one piece with this plastic. In this respect, it could in no way be expected that this plastic would nevertheless be suitable for creating a shoe insert with an integrally molded heel area.

Durch die Erfindung ist es gelungen, orthopädische Stützteile, insbesondere orthopädische Schuheinlagen zu schaffen, die bezüglich ihrer Eigenschaften optimiert werden können. Es ist mit Polyethylenterephthalat möglich, Zonen unterschiedlicher Dicke und unabhängig von der Dicke unterschiedlicher Elastizität und Steifigkeit bzw. Stützfestigkeit zu schaffen und dabei Abmessungen zu wählen, bei denen sich bei anderen Kunststoffen nicht derartige Eigenschaften einstellen.The invention has succeeded in creating orthopedic support parts, in particular orthopedic shoe inserts, which can be optimized in terms of their properties. With polyethylene terephthalate it is possible to create zones of different thickness and regardless of the thickness of different elasticity and stiffness or support strength and to choose dimensions in which such properties do not occur with other plastics.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen orthopädischen Schuheinlage ist der Fersenbereich im Material dünner als der Stützbereich und elastisch biegsam, während der Stützbereich so stützsteif ist, daß er bei Belastung durch das vom Fuß übertragene Körpergewicht und bei den im Schuh auftretenden Temperaturen formstabil bleibt. Die Dicke im Fersenbereich beträgt z. B. 0,8 bis 1,1 mm, während die Dicke im Stützbereich 3,2 bis 3,6 mm beträgt. Dabei ergeben sich die unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften (Elastizität - Steifigkeit) dieser Bereiche im wesentlichen nicht durch die unterschiedliche Dicke, sondern vielmehr durch unterschiedliche Materialstrukturen, die weiter unten noch erläutert werden.In the orthopedic shoe insert according to the invention, the heel area in the material is thinner than the support area and resiliently flexible, while the support area is so stiff that it remains dimensionally stable when loaded by the body weight transferred from the foot and at the temperatures occurring in the shoe. The thickness in the heel area is z. B. 0.8 to 1.1 mm, while the thickness in the support area is 3.2 to 3.6 mm. This results in the different properties (elasticity - rigidity) of these Areas essentially not by the different thickness, but rather by different material structures, which will be explained further below.

Die Polyalkylenterephthalate zählen zu den Konstruktionskunststoffen und werden in der Regel dort eingesetzt, wo gute Maßhaltigkeit und hohe Zeitstandfestigkeit gefordert werden, besonders aber wird das gute Gleit- und Verschleißverhalten hervorgehoben. Bekannt sind die folgenden Eigenschaften des PETP. Es kann wegen geringer Kristallisationsgeschwindigkeit je nach Verarbeitungsbedingungen und Werkstofftyp im amorph-transparenten oder teilkristallinen Zustand (30 % bis 40 % Kristallinität) vorliegen. Bei Werkzeugtemperaturen bis maximal 40°C tritt amorphe Struktur, bei höheren Werkzeug temperaturen teilkristallines Gefüge auf. Der Kristallisationsgrad kann durch Nukleierungsmittel erhöht werden. Auf dem Markt gibt es PETP mit Füll- und Verstärkungsstoffen, wie z. B. mit Glasfasern, Glaskugeln, Mineralien, Talkum. PETP ist im amorphen Zustand transparent, im teilkristallinen Zustand opak weiß. PETP teilkristallin hat hohe Härte, Steifigkeit und Festigkeit bei guter Zähigkeit auch bis -40° C. Es weist ein gutes Zeitstandverhalten und geringen Abrieb bei günstigen Gleiteigenschaften auf. PETP wird zur Erhöhung von Festigkeit, E-Modul und Zeitstandfestigkeit mit bis 30 % Glasfasern versehen. PETP teilkristallin ist sehr gut wärmebeständig, einsetzbar von -40°C bis 100°C. Im amorphen Zustand ist die Formbeständigkeit in der Wärme geringer. Der Kristallitschmelzbereich von PETP liegt zwischen 255°C bis 258°C. PETP wird als Granulat auf dem Markt angeboten. Es kann im Spritzgußverfahren verarbeitet werden. Empfohlen werden Massetemperaturen von 260°C bis 290°C und Spritzdrücke von 1000 bis 1700 bar. Bei einer Glasfaserverstärkung können günstigere Bedingungen eingestellt werden. Die Werkzeugtemperaturen sollen von 30°C bis 140°C betragen, wobei amorphe Typen bei niedrigeren und teilkristalline Typen bei höheren Werkzeugtemperaturen verarbeitet werden sollen.Polyalkylene terephthalates are engineering plastics and are generally used where good dimensional stability and high creep resistance are required, but especially the good sliding and wear behavior is emphasized. The following properties of the PETP are known. Depending on the processing conditions and the type of material, it can be in the amorphous-transparent or partially crystalline state (30% to 40% crystallinity) due to the low crystallization rate. An amorphous structure occurs at tool temperatures up to a maximum of 40 ° C, and semi-crystalline structure occurs at higher tool temperatures. The degree of crystallization can be increased by nucleating agents. There are PETPs on the market with fillers and reinforcing materials such as B. with glass fibers, glass balls, minerals, talc. PETP is transparent in the amorphous state and opaque white in the semi-crystalline state. Partially crystalline PETP has high hardness, rigidity and strength with good toughness down to -40 ° C. It exhibits good creep rupture behavior and low abrasion with favorable sliding properties. PETP is provided with up to 30% glass fibers to increase strength, modulus of elasticity and creep resistance. PETP semi-crystalline is very good heat resistant, can be used from -40 ° C to 100 ° C. In the amorphous state, the dimensional stability under heat is lower. The crystalline melting range of PETP is between 255 ° C to 258 ° C. PETP is offered as granules on the market. It can be processed by injection molding. We recommend melt temperatures from 260 ° C to 290 ° C and injection pressures from 1000 to 1700 bar. With glass fiber reinforcement, more favorable conditions can be set. The tool temperatures should be from 30 ° C to 140 ° C, whereby amorphous types should be processed at lower and semi-crystalline types at higher tool temperatures.

Einige dieser bekannten Eigenschaften stehen der Verwendung für den erfindungsgemäßen Zweck nicht entgegen. Die hohen Spritzdrücke beim Spritzgießen aber und insbesondere die Gefahr der Lunkerbildung, wie auch die Forderung nach großen Angußquerschnitten legen die Verwendung nicht nahe. Insbesondere bei der relativ dünnen orthopädischen Schuheinlage können keine großen Angußquerschnitte gewährleistet werden. Außerdem war nicht bekannt, daß an einem einstückigen Stützteil Zonen extrem unterschiedlicher Eigenschaften (Elastizität - Steifigkeit) erzielt werden können.Some of these known properties do not stand in the way of use for the purpose according to the invention. However, the high injection pressures during injection molding and in particular the risk of blowholes, as well as the requirement for large sprue cross sections, do not suggest use. In particular with the relatively thin orthopedic shoe insert, no large sprue cross sections can be guaranteed. In addition, it was not known that zones of extremely different properties (elasticity - rigidity) can be achieved on a one-piece support part.

Die erfindungsgemäßen orthopädischen Stützteile werden im Spritzgußverfahren hergestellt. Verwendet wird vorzugsweise ein mit Glasfasern verstärktes PETP, das durch eine Mischung aus einem handelsüblichen glasfaserenthaltenden Granulat mit einem handelsüblichen glasfaserfreien Granulat erzeugt wird. Günstig ist, wenn die Granulate Körnungen im Bereich von 1 bis 5 mm, vorzugsweise von 2 bis 3 mm aufweisen. Der Glasfaseranteil des einen Granulats beträgt 10 bis 20 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise etwa 15 Gew.-%, wobei die regellos angeordneten Glasfasern eine Kurzlänge von 200 bis 500 »m und eine Dicke von 1 bis 2 »m aufweisen sollen. Es wird bevorzugt eine Mischung von 2 : 1 bis 3 : 1 glasfaserverstärktes zu ungefülltem PETP Granulat verwendet. Aus dem Granulatgemisch wird in einer Spritzgießmaschine bei 300°C bis 360°C eine homogene Schmelze erzeugt, die mit über 1800, insbesondere etwa 1800 bis 2200 bar in die Spritzgußteilform gepreßt wird. Die erfindungsgemäß gewählten Temperaturen und Drücke liegen somit höher als normal.The orthopedic support parts according to the invention are produced by injection molding. A glass fiber reinforced PETP is preferably used, which is produced by a mixture of a commercially available glass fiber-containing granulate with a commercially available glass fiber-free granulate. It is advantageous if the granules have grain sizes in the range from 1 to 5 mm, preferably from 2 to 3 mm. The glass fiber content of the one granulate is 10 to 20% by weight, preferably about 15% by weight, the randomly arranged glass fibers being intended to have a short length of 200 to 500 »m and a thickness of 1 to 2» m. A mixture of 2: 1 to 3: 1 glass fiber reinforced to unfilled PETP granules is preferably used. A homogeneous melt is produced from the granulate mixture in an injection molding machine at 300 ° C. to 360 ° C., which is pressed into the injection mold at more than 1800, in particular approximately 1800 to 2200 bar. The temperatures and pressures chosen according to the invention are therefore higher than normal.

Wesentlich ist, daß im Werkzeug, das als Hohlraum die Raumform des Stützteils aufweist, in die die heiße Kunststoffschmelze eingepreßt wird, zonal unterschiedliche Temperaturen vorherrschen, so daß in den kälteren Zonen der Kunststoff amorph und in den wärmeren Zonen in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur mehr oder weniger kristallin erhärtet. Man kann daher mit den folgenden Parametern zonal alle gewünschten Eigenschaften des Stützteils realisieren:

  • Mischungsverhältnis der Granulate,
  • Schmelztemperatur,
  • Preßdruck,
  • Temperatur im Spritzgußwerkzeug.
It is essential that in the tool, which has the spatial shape of the support part as a cavity, into which the hot plastic melt is pressed, zonal different temperatures prevail, so that in the colder zones the plastic is amorphous and in the warmer zones more or depending on the temperature hardened less crystalline. It is therefore possible to achieve all desired properties of the support part zonally with the following parameters:
  • Mixing ratio of the granules,
  • Melting temperature,
  • Pressure,
  • Temperature in the injection mold.

Im Falle der orthopädischen Schuheinlage hat sich gezeigt, daß es am günstigsten ist, wenn die Kunststoffschmelze in die Spritzgußform durch eine Öffnung von der Mittelfußköpfchen-Seite eingedrückt wird. Die Kunststoffmasse, die in einen Hohlraum relativ großen Querschnitts eintritt, fließt sehr schnell bis in die verengte Zone des Fersenbereichs ein. Unterschiedlich eingestellte Temperaturen im Fersen- und Mittelfußbereich der Spritzgußform ergeben materialmäßig unterschiedliche Eigenschaften. Dabei wird dafür gesorgt, daß das Material im Fersenbereich amorph und im Mittelfußbereich mehr oder weniger kristallin erstarrt, so daß sich die gewünschten elastischen Eigenschaften im Fersenbereich und die gewünschte Steifigkeit im Mittelfußbereich einstellen. Wenn glasfaserverstärktes Kunststoffmaterial verwendet wird, wird dafür gesorgt, daß nach Art eines Filters eine beachtliche Menge an Füllmaterial, nämlich an Glasfasern, nicht in den Fersenbereich eindringt, so daß in dieser Zone ein Kunststoff geringeren Glasfaseranteils vorliegt. In der anderen Zone ist dagegen ein entsprechend höherer Glasfaseranteil vorhanden, als die Ausgangsschmelze aufwies. Aus diesen Unterschieden in der Zusammensetzung resultieren optimale Eigenschaften des Kunststoffs in den entsprechenden Bereichen.In the case of the orthopedic shoe insert, it has been shown that it is best if the plastic melt is pressed into the injection mold through an opening from the midfoot head side. The plastic mass that enters a cavity of relatively large cross-section flows very quickly into the narrowed zone of the heel area. Different temperatures in the heel and midfoot area of the injection mold result in different material properties. This ensures that the material solidifies amorphously in the heel area and more or less crystallizes in the midfoot area, so that the desired elastic properties in the heel area and the desired rigidity in the midfoot area are established. If glass fiber-reinforced plastic material is used, care is taken to ensure that a considerable amount of filler material, namely glass fibers, does not penetrate into the heel region, so that a plastic with a lower glass fiber content is present in this zone. In the other zone, on the other hand, there is a correspondingly higher proportion of glass fibers than the starting melt. From these Differences in the composition result in optimal properties of the plastic in the corresponding areas.

Die "Glasfaserfiltration" resultiert nicht aus der Verengung des Fersenbereichs in der Spritzgußform. Nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird sie durch die unterschiedlichen Temperaturen gesteuert. Beispielsweise werden im Spritzgußwerkzeug während des Spritzgießens im Fersenbereich Temperaturen von 40°C bis 80°C und im Mittelfußbereich von 80°C bis 110°C eingestellt.The "glass fiber filtration" does not result from the narrowing of the heel area in the injection mold. In the method according to the invention, it is controlled by the different temperatures. For example, temperatures of 40 ° C. to 80 ° C. in the heel area and in the midfoot area of 80 ° C. to 110 ° C. are set in the injection molding tool during injection molding.

Mit der Erfindung gelingt es, aus unverstärktem PETP, ebenso wie aus verstärktem PETP, durch die Wahl bestimmter Schmelztemperaturen und Spritzdrücke sowie durch die Wahl bestimmter zonal unterschiedlicher Erstarrungstemperaturen in der Spritzgußform die Eigenschaften des Kunststoffs bei einem einstückigen Stützteil zur Verfügung zu stellen, die dort erforderlich sind. Die Eigenschaften reichen von federelastischen Eigenschaften, z. B. im dünnen Fersenbereich einer Schuheinlage, bis zur formstabilen Steifigkeit im Mittelfußbereich, die z. B. durch die Erstarrungskonstitution des Kunststoffs und/oder durch den Füllungsgrad mit Glasfasern und/oder durch die Kristallinität des Kunststoffs bewirkt werden.With the invention it is possible to provide the properties of the plastic in a one-piece support part from unreinforced PETP, as well as from reinforced PETP, through the choice of certain melting temperatures and injection pressures as well as through the selection of certain zonal different solidification temperatures in the injection mold are. The properties range from resilient properties, e.g. B. in the thin heel area of a shoe insert, up to the rigid stiffness in the midfoot area, the z. B. caused by the solidification of the plastic and / or by the degree of filling with glass fibers and / or by the crystallinity of the plastic.

Anhand der Zeichnung wird die Erfindung im folgenden näher erläutert. Dabei wird als Beispiel eine orthopädische Schuheinlage beschrieben.
Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
xeine Draufsicht auf die Schuheinlage,
Fig. 2
eine Seitenansicht der Schuheinlage.
The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of the drawing. An orthopedic shoe insert is described as an example.
Show it:
Fig. 1
x a top view of the shoe insert,
Fig. 2
a side view of the shoe insert.

Die dargestellte einstückige Schuheinlage 1 ist für das Einlegen in den linken Schuh ausgebildet. Sie weist einen gewölbten Stützbereich 2 für den Mittelfuß und einen sich einstückig anschließenden Fersenbereich 5 auf.The one-piece shoe insert 1 shown is designed for insertion into the left shoe. It has a curved support area 2 for the midfoot and an integrally connected heel area 5.

Der Stützbereich 2 soll mit seinem Außenbereich 3 das Außenlängsgewölbe und mit seinem Innenbereich 4 das Innenlängsgewölbe eines Fußes stützen. Der Stützbereich 2 endet vorne hinter den Mittelfußköpfchen des Fußes, so daß die Einlage nicht den gesamten Fuß, sondern nur den Mittelfuß und die Ferse unterlegt.The support area 2 is intended to support the outer longitudinal vault with its outer area 3 and the inner longitudinal vault of a foot with its inner area 4. The support area 2 ends at the front behind the metatarsal heads of the foot, so that the insert does not support the entire foot, but only the midfoot and the heel.

Nach der Erfindung ist der Fersenbereich 5 materialmäßig dünner als der Stützbereich 2. Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist der Kunststoff im Fersenbereich amorph. Eine weitere Ausführungsform sieht vor, daß ein z. B. 2 bis 8 mm breiter Rand 6 im Außenkantenbereich des Stützteils 2 angeordnet ist, der ebenfalls aus amorphem PETP besteht, während der Kernbereich 7 mehr oder weniger kristallin ist. Diese Unterschiede sind deutlich erkennbar, da der Kernbereich 7 opak und der Rand 6, wie auch der Fersenbereich 5, glasig durchsichtig sind. Eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung sieht vor, daß der kristalline Kernbereich 7 von amorphem Kunststoff allseitig ummantelt ist, so daß die Oberfläche der Schuheinlage insgesamt aus amorphem Kunststoff besteht. Die Dicke der Ummantelung beträgt z. B. 0,5 bis 2 mm. Diese Ausbildung ist einteilig und wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Temperaturführung im Werkzeug erzeugt. Z. B. wird die Temperatur im Werkzeug während des Erstarrens des Kunststoffs verändert.According to the invention, the heel area 5 is thinner in material than the support area 2. According to a special embodiment of the invention, the plastic in the heel area is amorphous. Another embodiment provides that a z. B. 2 to 8 mm wide edge 6 is arranged in the outer edge region of the support part 2, which also consists of amorphous PETP, while the core region 7 is more or less crystalline. These differences are clearly discernible, since the core area 7 is opaque and the edge 6, like the heel area 5, is glassy transparent. A further embodiment of the invention provides that the crystalline core region 7 is coated on all sides by amorphous plastic, so that the surface of the shoe insert consists entirely of amorphous plastic. The thickness of the jacket is z. B. 0.5 to 2 mm. This training is in one piece and is generated according to the invention by the temperature control in the tool. For example, the temperature in the tool is changed during the solidification of the plastic.

Vorteilhaft ist, wenn der Stützbereich 2, insbesondere der Kernbereich 7, glasfaserverstärkt, während der Fersenbereich 5 glasfaserfrei oder glasfaserärmer ist. Beispielsweise weist der Fersenbereich einen Glasfaseranteil auf, der bis zu 20 Gew.-% geringer ist.It is advantageous if the support area 2, in particular the core area 7, is glass-fiber reinforced, while the heel area 5 is glass-fiber-free or less fiber-glass. For example, the heel area has a glass fiber content that is up to 20% by weight less.

Eine nachträgliche Verformung unter Anpassung an eine individuelle Fußform erfolgt im Stützbereich, wobei der Fersenbereich in der Regel unverändert bleibt. Zur Nachverformung wird der Stützbereich insgesamt oder zonal erwärmt und z. B. von Hand verformt. Nach dem Verformen und Erkalten behält der Stützbereich 2 die neue Raumform bei. Dabei kann die Steifigkeit unverändert bleiben. Sie kann aber auch durch die gewählte Nachverformtemperatur erhöht werden, indem bei relativ hohen Temperaturen nachverformt wird, so daß die Kristallinität und dadurch bedingt die Steifigkeit erhöht wird. Besonders günstig ist, daß PETP, insbesondere aber auch glasfaserverstärktes PETP, beliebig oft nachverformbar ist, ohne daß die geforderten Eigenschaften darunter leiden.Subsequent deformation with adaptation to an individual foot shape takes place in the support area, the heel area generally remaining unchanged. For post-deformation, the support area is heated in its entirety or zonally and z. B. deformed by hand. After deforming and cooling, the support area 2 maintains the new spatial shape. The stiffness can remain unchanged. However, it can also be increased by the selected post-forming temperature by post-forming at relatively high temperatures, so that the crystallinity and, as a result, the rigidity are increased. It is particularly favorable that PETP, but in particular also glass fiber-reinforced PETP, can be deformed as often as desired without the required properties suffering.

Die Erfindung gestattet auch, eine Pelotte 8 im Mittelfußgewölbebereich einzuformen.The invention also makes it possible to mold a pad 8 in the midfoot arch region.

Das erfindungsgemäße orthopädische Stützteil, insbesondere die erfindungsgemäße Schuheinlage, können in einem Arbeitsgang im Spritzgußverfahren hergestellt werden. Aufgrund der vorteilhaften Auswahl der Werkstoffe ist trotz der einstückigen Ausbildung eine Kombination von Steifigkeit und Elastizität in weiten Bereichen gewährleistet. Zur nachträglichen Anpassung des Stützteils an das zu stützende Körperteil ist es möglich, durch Erwärmung die Form und ggf. auch die Steifigkeit zu verändern, ohne die Eigenschaften zu verlieren. Man kann somit typisierte Teile herstellen, weil im Nachhinein jede Verformung möglich ist. Dies erleichtert die Herstellung und Lagerhaltung ganz beachtlich.The orthopedic support part according to the invention, in particular the shoe insert according to the invention, can be produced in one operation using the injection molding process. Due to the advantageous choice of materials, a combination of rigidity and elasticity is ensured in wide areas despite the one-piece design. For subsequent adaptation of the support part to the body part to be supported, it is possible to change the shape and possibly also the stiffness by heating without losing the properties. Typed parts can thus be produced because any deformation is possible afterwards. This considerably simplifies production and warehousing.

PETP ist auch als gefärbter Kunststoff im Handel. Es können daher Stützteile verschiedenster Farben erzeugt werden.PETP is also commercially available as a colored plastic. Support parts of different colors can therefore be produced.

Claims (31)

  1. An orthopaedic support member of polyethylene terephthalate, characterised by zones of different stiffness which are determined by different material structure.
  2. An orthopaedic support member according to claim 1, characterised in that at least one zone is flexible and at least one other zone is bending-resistant.
  3. An orthopaedic support member according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that at least one zone is glass-fibre reinforced.
  4. An orthopaedic support member according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that zones of different thickness are present in which at least one thin zone is flexible and at least one thicker zone is stiff.
  5. An orthopaedic support member according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that at least one zone is crystalline and at least one other zone is amorphous.
  6. An orthopaedic support member according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that at least one zone has a fine-particle filling material and/or reinforcing material.
  7. An orthopaedic support member according to claim 6, characterised in that at least one zone has a glass-fibre reinforcement.
  8. An orthopaedic support member according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the support member is an orthopaedic shoe insert (1).
  9. An orthopaedic support member according to claim 8, characterised in that the shoe insert (1) consists of the arched support area (2) for the metatarsus and the heel area (5) which is connected to it in one piece.
  10. An orthopaedic support member according to claim 8 or 9, characterised in that the heel area (5) is flexible and thinner, whilst the support area (2) is thicker and stiffer.
  11. An orthopaedic support member according to one or more of claims 8 to 10, characterised in that the synthetic material in the heel area (5) is amorphous.
  12. An orthopaedic support member according to one or more of claims 8 to 11, characterised in that the support area (2) is surrounded by a border (6) which consists of amorphous synthetic material wherein the core area (7) surrounded by the border (6) is more or less crystalline.
  13. An orthopaedic support member according to one or more of claims 8 to 12, characterised in that the crystalline core area (7) is encased in amorphous synthetic material.
  14. An orthopaedic support member according to claim 13, characterised in that the casing is 0.5 to 2 mm thick.
  15. An orthopaedic support member according to one or more of claims 1 to 14, characterised in that the heel area (5) also contains at least a filling and/or reinforcing material.
  16. An orthopaedic support member according to claim 15, characterised in that the heel area (5) has a glass-fibre reinforcement.
  17. An orthopaedic support member according to claim 16 or 15, characterised in that the proportion of filling and/or reinforcing material is substantially less than in the support area (2).
  18. An orthopaedic support member according to one or more of claims 1 to 16, characterised by a moulded pelotte (8).
  19. A method for the production of an orthopaedic support member according to one or more of claims 1 to 18 or 8 to 18, characterised by injection moulding of polyethylene terephthalate wherein different local temperatures are employed in the operating tool for the production of zones having different stiffness properties.
  20. A method according to claim 19, characterised in that polyethylene terephthalate containing filling material or reinforcing material, and preferably glass-fibre reinforced polyethylene terephthalate, is used.
  21. A method according to claim 19 or 20, characterised in that a granular mix of glass-fibre-free granules and granules containing glass-fibre is used.
  22. A method according to claim 21, characterised in that a granulate is used which has a glass-fibre ratio of 10 to 20 % by weight, preferably about 15 % by weight, wherein the glass-fibres have a short length of 200 to 500 »m and a thickness of 1 to 2 »m.
  23. A method according to claim 21 or 22, characterised in that the granulate is used in quantity ratios of 1 : 2 to 1 : 3, the glass-fibre reinforced granulate making up the largest proportion.
  24. A method according to one or more of claims 19 to 23, characterised in that in an injection moulding machine a molten mass is produced in the temperature range 300°C to 360°C.
  25. A method according to one or more of claims 19 to 24, characterised in that the molten mass is pressed into the injection moulding part at over 1800, and preferably 1800 to 2200 bars.
  26. A method according to one or more of claims 19 to 25, in particular for the production of an orthopaedic support member according to one or more of claims 8 to 18, characterised in that the molten mass is pressed in through an aperture from the metatarsus side.
  27. A method according to claim 26, characterised in that the temperatures in the injection moulding part are adjusted such that the synthetic material in the heel area sets amorphously and at least partly in the metatarsus, or support, area sets more or less crystallinely.
  28. A method according to claim 26 or 27, characterised in that the temperatures are adjusted such that a synthetic molten mass flows into the heel area which has a lower proportion of filling material and preferably a lower proportion of glass-fibre.
  29. A method according to one or more of claims 26 to 28, characterized in that the temperatures in the operating tool are adjusted such that the crystalline core area of the metatarsus area is encased with amorphous synthetic material on all sides.
  30. A method according to one or more of claims 26 to 29, characterised in that in the injection moulding operating tool temperatures of 40°C to 80°C are employed during injection moulding in the heel area and temperatures of 80° C to 110°C are employed in the metatarsus area.
  31. A method according to one or more of claims 26 to 29, characterised in that on injection moulding a uniform temperature is employed, and for the production of zones having different properties or stiffness, certain zones are heated again at predetermined temperatures and are preferably also post-deformed, whereafter the heated areas are cooled again to achieve the desired stiffness.
EP85112695A 1985-03-28 1985-10-07 Orthopaedic support, especially an orthopaedic shoe insertion, and process for its production Expired - Lifetime EP0198951B9 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85112695T ATE38766T1 (en) 1985-03-28 1985-10-07 ORTHOPEDIC SUPPORT PART, IN PARTICULAR ORTHOPEDIC SHOE INSOLE, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCTION THEREOF.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8509263U 1985-03-28
DE8509263U DE8509263U1 (en) 1985-03-28 1985-03-28 Orthopedic shoe insole

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0198951A2 EP0198951A2 (en) 1986-10-29
EP0198951A3 EP0198951A3 (en) 1987-05-20
EP0198951B1 true EP0198951B1 (en) 1988-11-23
EP0198951B9 EP0198951B9 (en) 2003-05-28

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US (1) US4715131A (en)
EP (1) EP0198951B9 (en)
AT (1) ATE38766T1 (en)
DE (2) DE8509263U1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4715131A (en) 1987-12-29
EP0198951A3 (en) 1987-05-20
EP0198951B9 (en) 2003-05-28
EP0198951A2 (en) 1986-10-29
DE8509263U1 (en) 1985-05-09
DE3566350D1 (en) 1988-12-29
ATE38766T1 (en) 1988-12-15

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