EP0190115B1 - Foldable ladder - Google Patents

Foldable ladder Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0190115B1
EP0190115B1 EP19860870004 EP86870004A EP0190115B1 EP 0190115 B1 EP0190115 B1 EP 0190115B1 EP 19860870004 EP19860870004 EP 19860870004 EP 86870004 A EP86870004 A EP 86870004A EP 0190115 B1 EP0190115 B1 EP 0190115B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
upright
fixed
piece
ladder
pieces
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP19860870004
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0190115A2 (en
EP0190115A3 (en
Inventor
Gilbert Loix
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JOMY S.A.
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JOMY SA
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Priority claimed from BE0/215993A external-priority patent/BE903832R/en
Application filed by JOMY SA filed Critical JOMY SA
Publication of EP0190115A2 publication Critical patent/EP0190115A2/en
Publication of EP0190115A3 publication Critical patent/EP0190115A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0190115B1 publication Critical patent/EP0190115B1/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06CLADDERS
    • E06C9/00Ladders characterised by being permanently attached to fixed structures, e.g. fire escapes
    • E06C9/06Ladders characterised by being permanently attached to fixed structures, e.g. fire escapes movably mounted
    • E06C9/08Ladders characterised by being permanently attached to fixed structures, e.g. fire escapes movably mounted with rigid longitudinal members
    • E06C9/085Ladders characterised by being permanently attached to fixed structures, e.g. fire escapes movably mounted with rigid longitudinal members ladders unfolded in the direction of the longitudinal members

Definitions

  • the invention relates to improvements relating to a folding ladder comprising two uprights profiled in angles arranged opposite one another, the faces of which are perpendicular to the plane of the scale and comprise two longitudinal ribs provided with facing perforations, which receive pivots for the articulation of the rungs so that they can be folded up by bringing the uprights together.
  • Document DC-A-892392 discloses a folding emergency ladder similar to that described in the present invention and more particularly proposes the use of expansion pieces each provided with a vertical notch in which slide small lateral wings parallel to the plane. of the facade and located on either side of the fixed amount.
  • the present invention remedies the drawbacks and resolves the abovementioned essential points by providing for the possibility of expansion of the components of the ladder, due to temperature variations, without creating areas subjected to tensions which can cause the deformation of the ladder in certain places. .
  • the invention also provides for the possibility of carrying out the opening of the ladder by an electrical system controlled by push buttons placed at the locations of the different outlets towards the ladder, and in addition combining the electrical opening system with the system of manual opening. In the event of failure of one of the triggers, or can operate the opening of the ladder, either using another trigger, or then electrically, using the electrical device provided for this purpose.
  • Another characteristic of the invention is the fact that, when a handle is actuated, the latter rotates the respective pinion, which causes the corresponding rack to move, which is integral with the dish serving as a rod, a dish on which there is fixed to each stage another rack, each rack placed on this flat or rod, acts on its respective pinion without pivoting its axis and corresponding handle, so that acting on the arm of the trigger is independent of the movement of the other trigger arms.
  • the improvement according to the present invention brought to the emergency ladders which can be folded up in one or more successive elements upwards, each element of which is made up of two uprights in angles arranged one opposite the other so as to be opposed by their inner faces, of steps articulated on said uprights; uprights whose inner faces perpendicular to the plane of the ladder carry respectively, two longitudinal ribs located towards the edge of the wing of the first upright and towards the angle of the second upright, these ribs each facing a rib of the other upright and provided, at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction, with perforations one looks receiving pivots for the articulation of the rungs, characterized in that the upright in fixed angle, that is to say to place on the facade side, comprises on the one hand, on each side, externally and laterally, a wing parallel to the plane of the facade; wing, on which are folded on each side, pieces carrying a notch coming to take on the end of these lateral wings each piece fixed by means of one or more bolts at a desired location of the length respectively of
  • a reinforcing support is provided which will be able to, by fitting into the central rib opposite the perpendicular lateral wing of the fixed upright and fixed by screw or bolt, serve as a pivoting bearing for the trigger axis, prevent deformation of the lateral wing of the fixed upright and, therefore, maintain a good meshing of the pinion and the rack.
  • a reinforcement support which fits into the lateral groove of the central rib, a reinforcement support which does not fit into this lateral groove of the central rib but which only fits into a groove similar to those existing in expansion pieces carrying a notch, which has just fixed on the anterior end of the lateral wings of the U-shaped piece.
  • This reinforcement support has a hole which serves as a bearing for the axis of the rack pinion, and is held in place by two notches, one on each side of the part.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown by 1, the facade of a building, by 2 a U-shaped part anchored by means of an expandable bolt 3, part provided in the back with an adjustment buttonhole ( Figure 8) before final fixing to the wall and in each of these wings, two longitudinal buttonholes 4 through which pass the two bolts 5 now on either side the parts 6 in which is held and can slide, due to expansion by example, vertically, the fixed upright angle 7 of the ladder comprising longitudinal ribs 8 in which are provided perforations 9 for the pivots of the rungs (not shown).
  • the buttonhole of the U-shaped piece 2 ( Figure 8) is eccentric with respect to the axis so as to allow maximum lateral displacement (x) in order to properly align all of the expansion pieces 6 vertically even if the anchor bolt is building must be moved laterally, for example due to the presence of a reinforcement bar.
  • bracket 10 to deploy which, closed, forms with the fixed upright, the box.
  • This upright 10 to be deployed also comprises longitudinal ribs 11 which face the ribs 8 of the fixed upright 7.
  • perforations 12 for the pivots of the rungs (not shown).
  • one of the ribs 11 of the upright 10 to be deployed has longitudinal wings 13 and 14 in which are provided perforations 15 for the pivots of the railing (not shown). Facing these wings 13 and 14, there is shown a profile 16 forming the opposite amount of the railing (not shown); profile 16 also comprising perforations 17 for the pivots of this railing (not shown).
  • FIG. 1a there is shown the rib 8 according to another preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the rib 8 does not have the grooves 42 and 43.
  • the latter groove 43 has been replaced by a groove 8 'where the nose 44' of the support 41 'fits, which is held in place by a notch made on each side of this one on the throat 8 'using a burn; this support has a hole 9 'serving as support for the axis 29 which passes through the pinion 31 of the rack 32.
  • Adjacent to this support 41' there is a thick washer 41c acting as a spacer. This spacer 41c prevents warping of the support 41 '.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 one can still see schematically the opening system and in particular an opening handle 18 which is found at different heights of the ladder, facing each exit location, a window, for example .
  • the perforations 48 already made every 30 cm are already provided for on the wing perpendicular to the front of the fixed upright 7. These perforations allow, using a drilling template 49 fixed by bolts to one of these perforations 48, to achieve, at this location, the placement of the support 30 of the axis 29 and thus of the other parts constituting the trigger.
  • the internal face of the fixed upright 7 comprises, between the wing perpendicular to the internal face of the fixed upright 7 and the adjacent rib 8, a double longitudinal groove 19 in which a flat 20 serving as a rod is slid, flat whose height is the same as the height of a section of the ladder.
  • Plate 20 which is connected for example, by means of a plate and two screws (not shown) to the plates 20 of the upper and lower section, if there are any. It is on this plate 20 (FIG. 1) that a hooking piece 21 is fixed (FIGS.
  • attachment piece 21 consisting of a U-shaped profile 22 back facing towards the flat 20, between which is placed a pin 23 carrying a jumper 24 turned downward and forced by a spring 25 in this position.
  • This attachment piece 21 secured in the vertical plane of the fixed upright 7 faces a piece 26 (FIG. 6), provided with a nose 27, fixed to the movable upright 10, nez27 which comes to take under the jumper 24 when the ladder is closed.
  • This part 26 is generally fixed in the central rib 13 of the upright to be deployed 10, the rear part 28 of this part is vertically re-entrant so that the nose 27 is more or less in the longitudinal central axis of the plate 20. It is conceivable so easily, when the ladder is closed, that to allow its deployment, it suffices that the nose 27 is no longer held by the rider 24 and that it is necessary to reassemble the latter and therefore the dish 20; which is achieved by lowering the trigger arm 18.
  • this arm or handle 18 ( Figures 1b, 3, 7, 10) is mounted at one end of an axis 29 placed in a support 30 fixed on the lateral wing of the upright 7 axis 29, passing through this upright and supported at the other end by a reinforcement support 41 located and fixed laterally by the grooves 42 and 43 of the rib 8 and localized and fixed longitudinally by a bolt .
  • the control pusher 50 which acts on the lug 51 of the pinion 31 and makes it turn which forces the rack 32 embedded in the plate 20 by means of two pins 32a upwards and therefore the jumper 24 of the attachment piece 21.
  • a longitudinal folding arm 33 or ejector which has also been placed on the axis beyond the pinion 31 and controlled by the lug 51 comes, when its angular end 34 moves away from the flat 20, push against the central rib 13 of the movable upright 10.
  • the rack 32 is, on the one hand, easily mounted on the dish 20 without removing the dish 20 from the fixed upright 7 and, on the other hand, easily located in the right place on the dish 20 so that the pinion 31 of the trigger is meshed correctly for the opening operation of the ladder, there is provided on the plate 20, double perforations at all places along its length where it is possible to place a trigger. To do this, this rack 32 is pinned on the flat 20 by the pins 32a before mounting the other parts of the trigger. In addition, this rack 32 can no longer be removed from the plate 20 when the other parts of the trigger are in place.
  • the notches 35 of the parts 6 comprise, on a lateral side, a rounded groove 38 in which the rounded nose 40 of shape corresponding to the small lateral wings 36 of the fixed uprights 7.
  • the rest of the lateral side will have the shape of a rounded nose 40.
  • the corresponding side of the lateral wings 36 which will have a shape matching the rounded throat.
  • this rib 8 has two interlocking elements laterally, the one, 42, a straight groove, perpendicular and towards the end of the rib 8, the other, a double return, one parallel, the other perpendicular to the rib 8 with broken edge and notch 43 in which one can come to wedge the reinforcement support 41 after having presented it at an angle and then fold it against the rib 8 and in addition, fix it longitudinally on the rib 8 by a bolt (not shown).
  • This reinforcing support 41 is more or less in the form of a fork which comprises, on the one hand, at one end a flat nose 44 and a rounded nose 45 on the other face, so as to be able to be placed bias and then be straightened in the groove 43 of the nurvure 8 and on the other hand, in its back, a protuberance 46 on the right side coming to be placed in the groove 42.
  • this reinforcement support 40 extending beyond of the rib 8, will allow to be facing the axis 29 of the trigger 18 so as to serve as a bearing: an opening 47 being provided for this purpose.
  • this reinforcement support 41 will serve as a spacer between the ejector 33 and the rib 8. In this way, the reinforcement support 41 maintains the axis 29 of the trigger correctly geared to the rack 32 brocaded on the plut 20 and guarantees correct operation of the various parts opening the ladder.
  • the parts 6 are provided at the height of each part 2 anchored in the wall 1 and that, on the other hand, the reinforcement support is, for its part, provided at the height of each trigger 18.
  • the parts 6 are therefore ends of solid sections, each provided with a vertical groove 35 in which the small lateral wings 36 can slide parallel to the plane of the facade of the fixed upright 7.
  • These parts also comprise two threaded perforations 51 (not shown) placed one below the other for the passage of the bolts 5.
  • the reinforcement support 41 is replaced by the support 41 ', and the groove 42 is removed, while the groove 43 has been replaced by a groove 8' or fits the nose 44 'of the support 41'.
  • the support 41 ' is placed horizontally in the groove 8' and then is pivoted upwards, then being held in place using two notches made, on each side on the groove 8 'with a chisel.
  • the hole 9 'of the support 41' serves as a bearing for the axis 29 of the trigger.
  • an electrical opening system of the ladder in addition to the manual opening system, can be designed, by means of contactors which control a direct current reduction motor. powered by a permanently recharging battery.
  • a groove 52 located in the upright 7 has been provided in order to be able to insert an electric cable there.
  • V-shaped grooves 53 are provided on the upright 7.
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and we would not go outside of its scope by making modifications.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ladders (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne des perfectionnements relatifs à une échelle repliable comprenant deux montants profilés en cornières disposés en regard l'un de l'autre dont les faces sont perpendiculaires au plan de l'échelle et comportent deux nervures longitudinales munies de perforations en regard, lesquelles reçoivent des pivots pour l'articulation des échelons de manière à pouvoir se replier par rapprochement des montants.The invention relates to improvements relating to a folding ladder comprising two uprights profiled in angles arranged opposite one another, the faces of which are perpendicular to the plane of the scale and comprise two longitudinal ribs provided with facing perforations, which receive pivots for the articulation of the rungs so that they can be folded up by bringing the uprights together.

Dans ce genre d'échelle, il y a lieu d'améliorer quatre points essentiels qui n'ont pas été entièrement résolus jusqu'à ce jour:

  • 1. Le maintien de l'échelle au mur;
  • 2. Le système de déclenchement de l'ouverture de l'échelle;
  • 3. Le placement correct du système de déclenchement de l'échelle aux différents endroits de sa hauteur, d'où son ouverture totale pourra être commandée;
  • 4. Le déploiement automatique de l'échelle et du garde-corps à l'aide d'un système manuel. ou électrique à partir d'un déclencheur même si les axes ou poignées des autres déclencheurs sont immobilisés.
In this kind of scale, four essential points need to be improved which have not been fully resolved to date:
  • 1. Maintaining the ladder on the wall;
  • 2. The system for triggering the opening of the ladder;
  • 3. The correct placement of the ladder trigger system at the different places of its height, from where its total opening can be controlled;
  • 4. Automatic deployment of the ladder and the railing using a manual system. or electric from a trigger even if the axes or handles of the other triggers are immobilized.

Dès lors, il y a lieu de tenir compte que lors du placement de cette échelle repliée en caissons de longueur déterminée, il y a lieu, lorsque la façade est de hauteur plus grande que la hauteur d'on seul caisson, de placer deux ou plusieurs caissons les uns au-dessus des autres pour arriver à égaler ou dépasser la hauteur de la façade à équiper de cette échelle repliable.Therefore, it should be taken into account that when placing this ladder folded into boxes of determined length, it is necessary, when the facade is taller than the height of a single box, to place two or several boxes one above the other to reach or exceed the height of the facade to be fitted with this folding ladder.

Ces caissons doivent être reliés entre eux afin de les rendrè solidaires pour ne former qu'un seul caisson ou l'échelle repliable, et de pouvoir réaliser l'ouverture totale de cette échelle à partir de différentes hauteurs, par exemple en regard de chaque sortie d'accès à l'échelle. Il importe donc que le décrochage des pièces de retenue du montant mobile et l'écartement de celui-ci du montant fixe soit garanti à tous les endroits de la hauteur de l'échelle où ils ont été prévus. Une des conditions est l'alignement et le maintien parfait au plan vertical des différents caissons successifs formant l'échelle.These boxes must be interconnected in order to make them integral so as to form a single box or the folding ladder, and to be able to make the total opening of this ladder from different heights, for example opposite each outlet. access to the ladder. It is therefore important that the detachment of the retaining pieces of the movable upright and the spacing of the latter from the fixed upright is guaranteed at all places of the height of the ladder where they have been provided. One of the conditions is the alignment and the perfect maintenance in the vertical plane of the different successive boxes forming the ladder.

Il est dès lors impératif de disposer d'attaches de maintien de l'échelle réglables, capables de répondre à ces conditions on tenant compte qu'il est exclu d'espérer que la façade du bâtiment présente un plan vertical parfait. De plus, tout effort de traction ou de poussée, vertical ou horizontal sur les montants ou sur les échelons de l'échelle ne peut permettre de dissocier l'échelle des attaches auxquelles elle est maintenue.It is therefore imperative to have adjustable ladder retaining clips capable of meeting these conditions, taking into account that it is not to be hoped that the building's facade will have a perfect vertical plane. In addition, any traction or pushing effort, vertical or horizontal on the uprights or on the rungs of the ladder, cannot make it possible to dissociate the ladder from the fasteners to which it is held.

Le document DC-A-892392 divulgue une échelle de secours repliable analogue à celle décrite dans la présente invention et propose plus particulièrement l'utilisation de pièces de dilatation pourvues chacunes d'une entaille verticale dans lesquelles viennent glisser des petites ailes latérales parallèles au plan de la facade et situées de part et d'autre du montant fixe.Document DC-A-892392 discloses a folding emergency ladder similar to that described in the present invention and more particularly proposes the use of expansion pieces each provided with a vertical notch in which slide small lateral wings parallel to the plane. of the facade and located on either side of the fixed amount.

L'utilisation de pareille pièces de dilatation ne permet cependant pas d'éviter une désolidarisa- tion de montant et des attaches suite à un effort de traction ou de poussée horizontal.The use of such expansion pieces does not however make it possible to avoid detachment of the upright and of the fasteners following a pulling or horizontal pushing force.

Une autre condition pour obtenir le maximum de garantie quant au bon fonctionnement des différents déclencheurs d'ouverture de l'échelle, résulte d'un placement correct aux endroits requis lors du montage de l'échelle au bâtiment. A cet effet, il est indispensable de disposer sur place d'une part, de tous les endroits pré-établis où l'on peut placer un axe et un support de déclencheur sur le montant fixe de l'échelle et d'autre part, de tous les endroits pré-établis où l'on peut placer la crémaillière du même déclencheur sur la tringle de commande de décrochage du montant mobile.Another condition for obtaining the maximum guarantee as to the proper functioning of the various triggers for opening the ladder, results from a correct placement in the places required when mounting the ladder to the building. For this purpose, it is essential to have on site on the one hand, all the pre-established places where one can place an axis and a tripod support on the fixed amount of the scale and on the other hand, from all the pre-established places where you can place the rack of the same trigger on the stall control rod.

La présente invention remédie aux inconvénients et résout les points essentiels précités en prévoyant la possibilité de dilatation des composants de l'échelle, due aux variations de température, sans créer des zones soumises à des tensions pouvant engendrer la déformation de l'échelle à certains endroits. L'invention prévoit encore la possibilité de réaliser l'ouverture de l'échelle par un système électrique commandé par des boutons poussoirs placés aux endroits des différentes sorties vers l'échelle, et en outre combiner le système d'ouverture électrique au système d'ouverture manuel. En cas de défaillance d'un des déclencheurs, ou peut faire fonctionner l'ouverture de l'échelle, soit à l'aide d'un autre déclencheur, ou alors électriquement, en utilisant le dispositif électrique prévu à cet effet.The present invention remedies the drawbacks and resolves the abovementioned essential points by providing for the possibility of expansion of the components of the ladder, due to temperature variations, without creating areas subjected to tensions which can cause the deformation of the ladder in certain places. . The invention also provides for the possibility of carrying out the opening of the ladder by an electrical system controlled by push buttons placed at the locations of the different outlets towards the ladder, and in addition combining the electrical opening system with the system of manual opening. In the event of failure of one of the triggers, or can operate the opening of the ladder, either using another trigger, or then electrically, using the electrical device provided for this purpose.

Une autre caractéristique de l'invention est le fait que, lorsqu'on actionne une poignée, celle-ci fait tourner le pignon respectif, lequel fait déplacer la crémaillère correspondante qui est solidaire du plat servant de tringle, plat sur lequel l'on a fixé à chaque étage une autre crémaillère, chaque crémaillère placée sur ce plat ou tringle, agit sur son pignon respectif sans pour autant faire pivoter son axe et poignée correspondants, ce qui fait que le fait d'agir sur le bras du déclencheur est indépendent du mouvement des autres bras des déclencheurs.Another characteristic of the invention is the fact that, when a handle is actuated, the latter rotates the respective pinion, which causes the corresponding rack to move, which is integral with the dish serving as a rod, a dish on which there is fixed to each stage another rack, each rack placed on this flat or rod, acts on its respective pinion without pivoting its axis and corresponding handle, so that acting on the arm of the trigger is independent of the movement of the other trigger arms.

Le perfectionnement selon la présente invention apporté aux échelles de secours repliables en un ou plusieurs éléments successifs vers le haut, dont chaque élément est composé de deux montants en cornières disposés l'un en regard de l'autre de manière à s'opposer par leurs faces intérieures, d'échelons articulés sur lesdits montants; montants dont les faces intérieures perpendiculaires au plan de l'échelle portent respectivement, deux nervures longitudinales situées vers le bord de l'aile du premier montant et vers l'angle du second montant, ces nervures faisant chacune face à une nervure de l'autre montant et munies, à intervalles réguliers dans le sens longitudinal, de perforations on regard recevant des pivots pour l'articulation des échelons, caractérisée en ce que le montant en cornière fixe, c'est-à-dire à placer du côté façade, comporte, d'une part, de chaque côté, extérieurement et latéralement, une aile parallèle au plan de la façade; aile, sur laquelle sont rabattues de chaque côté, des pièces portant une entaille venant prendre sur l'extrémité de ces ailes latérales chaque pièce fixée au moyen d'un ou plusieurs boulons à un endroit voulu de la longueur respectivement de la ou des boutonnères parallèles longitudinales dont sont pourvues chacune des ailes d'une pièce ancrée à la façade en forme de U; pièce d'ancrage venant enserrer et tenir par ses ailes le montant fixe au moyen des pièces à entailles et, d'autre part, en ce que cedit montant fixe comporte intérieurement, entre son aile perpendiculaire à la façade et la nervue voisine, une double rainure en forme de tête de marteau destinée à permettre d'y glisser les bords d'un plat d'une longueur identique à celle d'un élément de l'échelle plat de chaque élément est destiné à être relié successivement l'un à l'autre de manière à assurer la continuité et la liaison sur toute la hauteur de l'échelle, des moyens de maintien en position repliée et de déploiement, et par des perforations successives, permettre de brocher une crémai- lière aux endroits déterminés pour y placer un déclencheur, par exemple, tous les 30 cm, éndroits également déterminés sur l'aile latérale du montant fixe, par des perforations successives destinées à recevoir un gabarit de perçage pour l'exécution des perforations pour la fixation du support de l'axe du déclencheur, caractérisé en ce que, afin d'assurer une liaison entre les pièces (6) et les montants fixes (7), les entailes (35) des pièces (6) comportent, d'un côté latéral, une gorge arrondie (38) dans laquelle va prendre le nez arrondi (40) de forme correspondante aux petites ailes latérales (36) des montants fixes (7).The improvement according to the present invention brought to the emergency ladders which can be folded up in one or more successive elements upwards, each element of which is made up of two uprights in angles arranged one opposite the other so as to be opposed by their inner faces, of steps articulated on said uprights; uprights whose inner faces perpendicular to the plane of the ladder carry respectively, two longitudinal ribs located towards the edge of the wing of the first upright and towards the angle of the second upright, these ribs each facing a rib of the other upright and provided, at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction, with perforations one looks receiving pivots for the articulation of the rungs, characterized in that the upright in fixed angle, that is to say to place on the facade side, comprises on the one hand, on each side, externally and laterally, a wing parallel to the plane of the facade; wing, on which are folded on each side, pieces carrying a notch coming to take on the end of these lateral wings each piece fixed by means of one or more bolts at a desired location of the length respectively of the longitudinal parallel buttonhole (s) of which each of the wings is provided with a part anchored to the U-shaped facade; anchoring piece coming to grip and hold by its wings the fixed upright by means of the notched pieces and, on the other hand, in that said fixed upright comprises internally, between its wing perpendicular to the facade and the neighboring rib, a double groove in the shape of a hammer head intended to allow the edges of a dish of a length identical to that of an element of the flat scale of each element to be slid in therein, intended to be successively connected to one another 'other so as to ensure continuity and connection over the entire height of the ladder, means for holding in the folded position and deployment, and by successive perforations, allow broaching a rack in the determined locations to place there a trigger, for example, every 30 cm, places also determined on the lateral wing of the fixed upright, by successive perforations intended to receive a drilling template for the execution of perforations p for fixing the support of the trigger axis, characterized in that, in order to ensure a connection between the parts (6) and the fixed uprights (7), the notches (35) of the parts (6) comprise, d 'a lateral side, a rounded groove (38) in which will take the rounded nose (40) of shape corresponding to the small lateral wings (36) of the fixed uprights (7).

En outre, pour assurer un fonctionnement aisé de la succession des plats, des pignons et des crémailières qui permettent l'accrochage, le décrochage et l'écartement des deux montants, de l'échelle, on prévoit un support de renfort qui va pouvoir, en s'emboîtant dans la nervure centrale opposée à l'aile latérale perpendiculaire du montant fixe et fixé par vis ou boulon, servir de coussinet de pivotement pour l'axe du déclencheur, empêcher le déformation de l'aile latérale du montant fixe et, de ce fait, maintenir un bon engrènement du pignon et de la crémaillière.In addition, to ensure easy operation of the succession of dishes, pinions and racks which allow the attachment, the detachment and the spacing of the two uprights, of the ladder, a reinforcing support is provided which will be able to, by fitting into the central rib opposite the perpendicular lateral wing of the fixed upright and fixed by screw or bolt, serve as a pivoting bearing for the trigger axis, prevent deformation of the lateral wing of the fixed upright and, therefore, maintain a good meshing of the pinion and the rack.

Suivant une autre forme préférentielle de réalisation de l'invention, pour assurer le fonctionnement de la succession des plats, des pignons et des crémaillères qui permettent l'accrochage, le décrochage et l'écartement des deux montants de l'échelle, on peut prévoir au lieu d'un support de renfort qui s'emboîte dans la rainure latérale de la nervure centrale, un support de renfort qui ne s'ajuste pas dans cette rainure latérale de la nervure centrale mais qui s'emboîte seulement dans une gorge similaire à celles existantes dans des pièces de dilatation portant une entaille, qui vient de fixer sur l'extrémité antérieure des ailes latérales de la pièce en U. Ce support de renfort possède un trou qui sert de coussinet à l'axe du pignon de la crémaillère, et est maintenu en place au moyen de deux entailles, une de chaque côté de la pièce.According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, to ensure the functioning of the succession of dishes, pinions and racks which allow the attachment, the unhooking and the spacing of the two uprights of the ladder, provision may be made instead of a reinforcement support which fits into the lateral groove of the central rib, a reinforcement support which does not fit into this lateral groove of the central rib but which only fits into a groove similar to those existing in expansion pieces carrying a notch, which has just fixed on the anterior end of the lateral wings of the U-shaped piece. This reinforcement support has a hole which serves as a bearing for the axis of the rack pinion, and is held in place by two notches, one on each side of the part.

Afin de mieux comprendre l'invention et d'en faire ressortir ses caractéristiques, on la décrira maintenant de manière exemplative et non limitative par rapport aux dessins annexés qui représentent:

  • la figure 1 est une vue simplifiée, en coupe dans le caisson de l'échelle repliée, au niveau des pièces de dilatation;
  • la figure 1a est une vue du détail inscrit dans le cercle en pointillé de la figure 1, ce détail étant conçu suivant une autre forme préférentielle de réalisation;
  • la figure 1b est une vue simplifiée, partielle, en coupe, au niveau du même caisson, à hauteur d'une pièce de renforcement;
  • la figure 1c est une vue du détail inscrit dans le cercle en pointillé de la figure 1b, ce détail étant conçu suivant une autre forme préférentielle de réalisation;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en réduction, partiellement en arraché, du côté d'un tronçon de caisson;
  • la figure 3 est une vue en réduction, partiellement en arraché, du côté d'un tronçon de caisson;
  • la figure 3a est une vue du détail inscrit dans le cercle pointillé de la figure 3 suivant une autre forme de réalisation;
  • la figure 4 est une vue de côté de la pièce de dilatation;
  • la frigure 5 est une vue de la pièce d'accrochage prévue au montant fixe;
  • la figure 6 est une vue de la pièce d'accrochage prévue au montant à déployer;
  • la figure 7 est une vue simplifiée de profil du déclencheur;
  • la figure 8 est une vue partielle de l'arrière de la pièce d'ancrage;
  • la figure 9 est une vue des deux pièces prévues pour le placement du déclencheur;
  • la figure 10 est une vue en arraché de l'ensemble des pièces prévues pour le déclenchement de l'invention de l'échelle.
In order to better understand the invention and to bring out its characteristics, it will now be described by way of example and without limitation in relation to the appended drawings which represent:
  • Figure 1 is a simplified view, in section in the box of the folded ladder, at the level of the expansion pieces;
  • FIG. 1a is a view of the detail inscribed in the dotted circle of FIG. 1, this detail being designed according to another preferred embodiment;
  • FIG. 1b is a simplified, partial view, in section, at the same box, at the height of a reinforcement piece;
  • Figure 1c is a view of the detail inscribed in the dotted circle of Figure 1b, this detail being designed according to another preferred embodiment;
  • Figure 2 is a reduced view, partially broken away, from the side of a box section;
  • Figure 3 is a reduced view, partially broken away, from the side of a box section;
  • Figure 3a is a detail view inscribed in the dotted circle of Figure 3 according to another embodiment;
  • Figure 4 is a side view of the expansion piece;
  • frigure 5 is a view of the attachment part provided to the fixed upright;
  • Figure 6 is a view of the attachment part provided to the amount to be deployed;
  • Figure 7 is a simplified profile view of the trigger;
  • Figure 8 is a partial view of the rear of the anchor;
  • Figure 9 is a view of the two parts provided for the placement of the trigger;
  • Figure 10 is a cutaway view of all the parts provided for the triggering of the invention of the ladder.

En se référant aux figures 1 et 1b, on a représenté par 1, la façade d'un bâtiment, par 2 une pièce en U ancrée au moyen d'un boulon expansible 3, pièce munie dans le dos d'une boutonnière de réglage (figure 8) avant fixation définitive au mur et dans chacune de ces ailes, de deux boutonnières longitudinales 4 dans lesquelles passent les deux boulons 5 maintenant de part et d'autre les pièces 6 dans lesquelles est maintenu et peut glisser, pour raison de dilatation par exemple, verticalement, le montant fixe en cornière 7 de l'échelle comportant des nervures longitudinales 8 dans lesquelles sont prévues des perforations 9 pour les pivots des échelons (non représentés). La boutonnière de la pièce en U 2 (figure 8) est excentrée par rapport à l'axe de manière à permettre un déplacement latéral maximum (x) afin de bien aligner verticalement toutes les pièces de dilatation 6 même si le boulon d'ancrage en bâtiment doit être déplacé latéralement, suite par exemple, à la présence d'une barre de ferraillage.Referring to Figures 1 and 1b, there is shown by 1, the facade of a building, by 2 a U-shaped part anchored by means of an expandable bolt 3, part provided in the back with an adjustment buttonhole ( Figure 8) before final fixing to the wall and in each of these wings, two longitudinal buttonholes 4 through which pass the two bolts 5 now on either side the parts 6 in which is held and can slide, due to expansion by example, vertically, the fixed upright angle 7 of the ladder comprising longitudinal ribs 8 in which are provided perforations 9 for the pivots of the rungs (not shown). The buttonhole of the U-shaped piece 2 (Figure 8) is eccentric with respect to the axis so as to allow maximum lateral displacement (x) in order to properly align all of the expansion pieces 6 vertically even if the anchor bolt is building must be moved laterally, for example due to the presence of a reinforcement bar.

A la figure 1, on a encore représenté le montant en cornière 10 à déployer et qui, refermé, forme avec le montant fixe, le caisson. Ce montant 10 à déployer comporte également des nervures longitudinales 11 qui font face aux nervures 8 du montant fixe 7. Dans ce montant 10 à déployer, sont prévues des perforations 12 pour les pivots des échelons (non représentés). De manière connue, une des nervures 11 du montant 10 à déployer, comporte des ailes longitudinales 13 et 14 dans lesquelles sont prévues des perforations 15 pour les pivots du garde-corps (non représenté). Face à ces ailes 13 et 14, on a représenté un profilé 16 formant le montant opposé du garde-corps (non représenté); profilé 16 comportant également des perforations 17 pour les pivots de ce garde-corps (non représenté).In Figure 1, there is also shown the bracket 10 to deploy and which, closed, forms with the fixed upright, the box. This upright 10 to be deployed also comprises longitudinal ribs 11 which face the ribs 8 of the fixed upright 7. In this upright 10 to be deployed, there are provided perforations 12 for the pivots of the rungs (not shown). In known manner, one of the ribs 11 of the upright 10 to be deployed has longitudinal wings 13 and 14 in which are provided perforations 15 for the pivots of the railing (not shown). Facing these wings 13 and 14, there is shown a profile 16 forming the opposite amount of the railing (not shown); profile 16 also comprising perforations 17 for the pivots of this railing (not shown).

A la figure 1a on a représenté la nervure 8 suivant une autre forme préférentielle de réalisation de l'invention. La nervure 8 ne présente pas les rainures 42 et 43. Cette dernière rainure 43 a été remplacée par une gorge 8' où vient s'emboîter le nez 44' du support 41' qui est maintenu en place par une entaille effectuée de chaque côté de celui-ci sur la gorge 8' à l'aide d'un burn; ce support possède un trou 9' servant d'appui à l'axe 29 qui passe à travers le pignon 31 de la crémaillère 32. Adjacent à ce support 41', il y a une rondelle épaisse 41c faisant fonction d'entretoise. Cette entretoise 41c empêche le gauchissement du support 41'.In Figure 1a there is shown the rib 8 according to another preferred embodiment of the invention. The rib 8 does not have the grooves 42 and 43. The latter groove 43 has been replaced by a groove 8 'where the nose 44' of the support 41 'fits, which is held in place by a notch made on each side of this one on the throat 8 'using a burn; this support has a hole 9 'serving as support for the axis 29 which passes through the pinion 31 of the rack 32. Adjacent to this support 41', there is a thick washer 41c acting as a spacer. This spacer 41c prevents warping of the support 41 '.

Aux figures 9 et 10, on peut encore voir schématiquement le système d'ouverture et en particulier une poignée d'ouverture 18 que l'on retrouve à différentes hauteurs de l'échelle, face à chaque endroit de sortie, une fenêtre, par exemple. Sont déjà prévues les perforations 48 réalisées tous les 30 cm sur l'aile perpendiculaire à la façade du montant fixe 7. Ces perforations permettent à l'aide d'un gabarit 49 de perçage fixé par boulons à l'une de ces perforations 48, de réaliser, à cet endroit, le placement du support 30 de l'axe 29 et ainsi des autres pièces constituant le déclencheur.In FIGS. 9 and 10, one can still see schematically the opening system and in particular an opening handle 18 which is found at different heights of the ladder, facing each exit location, a window, for example . The perforations 48 already made every 30 cm are already provided for on the wing perpendicular to the front of the fixed upright 7. These perforations allow, using a drilling template 49 fixed by bolts to one of these perforations 48, to achieve, at this location, the placement of the support 30 of the axis 29 and thus of the other parts constituting the trigger.

Si l'assemblage des tronçons successifs de l'échelle résulte de l'ensemble des dispositions suivantes: liaison positive des montants fixe 7 à la façade 1 par l'intermédiaire des pièces en U 2 et liaison indirecte des montants mobiles (à déployer 10) par l'intermédiaire des échelons (non représentés) et des montants fixes 7, il importe de pouvoir, à la fois, retenir chaque partie mobile de chaque tronçon sur la partie fixe correspondante mais également de pouvoir libérer à différentes hauteurs, l'ensemble de l'échelle. Pour ce faire, une liaison directe est prévue pour l'accrochage et le décrochage. A cet effet, la face interne du montant fixe 7 comporte entre l'aile perpendiculaire à la face interne du montant fixe 7 et la nervure voisine 8, une double rainure longitudinale 19 dans laquelle on glisse un plat 20 servant de tringle, plat dont la hauteur est identique à la hauteur d'un tronçon de l'échelle. Plat 20 que l'on relie par exemple, au moyen d'une plaquette et de deux vis (non représentées) aux plats 20 du tronçon supérieur et inférieur, s'il y en a. C'est sur ce plat 20 (figure 1) que l'on fixe une pièce d'accrochage 21 (figures 3 et 5) et que le système est commandé par le bras déclencheur 18; pièce d'accrochage 21 constituée par un profilé en U 22 dos tourné vers le plat 20, entre lequel est placé un axe 23 portant un cavalier 24 tourné vers le bas et forcé par un ressort 25 dans cette position. A cette pièce d'accrochage 21 solidaire dans le plan vertical du montant fixe 7, fait face une pièce 26 (figure 6), munie d'un nez 27, fixée au montant mobile 10, nez27 qui vient prendre sous le cavalier 24 lorsque l'échelle est fermée.If the assembly of successive sections of the ladder results from all of the following provisions: positive connection of the fixed uprights 7 to the facade 1 by means of the U-shaped pieces 2 and indirect connection of the mobile uprights (to be deployed 10) by means of the rungs (not shown) and of the fixed uprights 7, it is important to be able, at the same time, to retain each mobile part of each section on the corresponding fixed part but also to be able to release at different heights, the assembly of the scale. To do this, a direct link is provided for hooking up and unhooking. For this purpose, the internal face of the fixed upright 7 comprises, between the wing perpendicular to the internal face of the fixed upright 7 and the adjacent rib 8, a double longitudinal groove 19 in which a flat 20 serving as a rod is slid, flat whose height is the same as the height of a section of the ladder. Plate 20 which is connected for example, by means of a plate and two screws (not shown) to the plates 20 of the upper and lower section, if there are any. It is on this plate 20 (FIG. 1) that a hooking piece 21 is fixed (FIGS. 3 and 5) and that the system is controlled by the trigger arm 18; attachment piece 21 consisting of a U-shaped profile 22 back facing towards the flat 20, between which is placed a pin 23 carrying a jumper 24 turned downward and forced by a spring 25 in this position. This attachment piece 21 secured in the vertical plane of the fixed upright 7 faces a piece 26 (FIG. 6), provided with a nose 27, fixed to the movable upright 10, nez27 which comes to take under the jumper 24 when the ladder is closed.

Cette pièce 26 est généralement fixée dans la nervure centrale 13 du montant à déployer 10, la partie arrière 28 de cette pièce est verticalement rentrante de manière que le nez 27 se présente plus ou moins dans l'axe central longitudinal du plat 20. On conçoit donc aisément, lorsque l'échelle est fermée, que pour permettre son déploiement, il suffit que le nez 27 ne soit plus tenu par le cavalier 24 et qu'il est nécessaire de remonter celui-ci et donc le plat 20; ce que l'on réalise en abaissant le bras déclencheur 18. Pour ce faire, ce bras ou poignée 18 (figures 1b, 3, 7, 10) est monté à une extrémité d'un axe 29 placé dans un support 30 fixé sur l'aile latérale du montant 7 axe 29, passant au travers de ce montant et soutenu à l'autre extrémité par un support de renfort 41 localisé et fixé latéralement par les rainures 42 et 43 de la nervure 8 et localisé et fixé longitudinalement par un boulon. Sur l'axe 29 est fixé le poussoir de commande 50 qui vient agir sur l'ergot 51 du pignon 31 et faire tourner celui-ci qui force la crémaillère 32 encastrée dans la plaque 20 au moyen de deux broches 32a vers le haut et donc le cavalier 24 de la pièce d'accrochage 21. Afin de forcer le déploiement de l'échelle on a également placé sur l'axe au-delà du pignon 31 et commandé par l'ergot 51, un bras longitudinal rabatteur 33 ou éjecteur qui vient, lorsque son extrémité angulaire 34 s'éloigne du plat 20, pousser contre la nervure centrale 13 du montant mobile 10.This part 26 is generally fixed in the central rib 13 of the upright to be deployed 10, the rear part 28 of this part is vertically re-entrant so that the nose 27 is more or less in the longitudinal central axis of the plate 20. It is conceivable so easily, when the ladder is closed, that to allow its deployment, it suffices that the nose 27 is no longer held by the rider 24 and that it is necessary to reassemble the latter and therefore the dish 20; which is achieved by lowering the trigger arm 18. To do this, this arm or handle 18 (Figures 1b, 3, 7, 10) is mounted at one end of an axis 29 placed in a support 30 fixed on the lateral wing of the upright 7 axis 29, passing through this upright and supported at the other end by a reinforcement support 41 located and fixed laterally by the grooves 42 and 43 of the rib 8 and localized and fixed longitudinally by a bolt . On the axis 29 is fixed the control pusher 50 which acts on the lug 51 of the pinion 31 and makes it turn which forces the rack 32 embedded in the plate 20 by means of two pins 32a upwards and therefore the jumper 24 of the attachment piece 21. In order to force the deployment of the ladder, a longitudinal folding arm 33 or ejector which has also been placed on the axis beyond the pinion 31 and controlled by the lug 51 comes, when its angular end 34 moves away from the flat 20, push against the central rib 13 of the movable upright 10.

Pour que toutes les pièces d'accrochage 21 placées sur les plats 20 rendues solidaires, puissent être relevées et ainsi décrocher des pièces 26 fixées sur le montant mobile 10 avant que le bras rabatteur 33 ne force le montant mobile 10 à s'écarter du montant fixe 7, on a réalisé sur le plat du bras rabatteur 33, une boutonnière courbe 33a permettant à l'ergot 51 qui est logé dans cette boutonnière, de pivoter de quelques degrés avant d'entraîner le bras rabatteur 33 et effectuer le déploiement de l'échelle sur toute sa hauteur.So that all the hooking pieces 21 placed on the plates 20 made integral, can be raised and thus unhook pieces 26 fixed on the movable upright 10 before the folding arm 33 forces the movable upright 10 to move away from the upright fixed 7, a curved buttonhole 33a has been made on the flat of the folding arm 33a allowing the lug 51 which is housed in this buttonhole, to pivot a few degrees before driving the folding arm 33 and deploying the ladder over its entire height.

De même, lorsque l'on fait fonctionner la poignée 18 du déclencheur, celle-ci fait tourner le pignon 31 lequel entraine la crémaillère 32 en la déplaçant. Cette crémaillère 32 est fixée au plat 20 servant de tringle. A chaque étage on trouve une crémaillère 32 placée sur ce plat 20 ou tringle, qui agit sur son pignon 31 respectif sans pour autant faire pivoter son axe 29 et poignée correspondants, ce qui fait que lorsque l'on agit sur la poignée 18 du déclencheur, son mouvement est indépendant du mouvement des autres bras des autres déclencheurs.Similarly, when the handle 18 of the trigger is operated, the latter turns the pinion 31 which drives the rack 32 by moving it. This rack 32 is fixed to the plate 20 serving as a rod. On each floor there is a rack 32 placed on this flat 20 or rod, which acts on its respective pinion 31 without pivoting its axis 29 and corresponding handle, which means that when one acts on the handle 18 of the trigger , its movement is independent of the movement of the other arms of the other triggers.

En outre, lorsque l'on a procédé à la manoeuvre d'ouverture de l'échelle et que l'on libère la poignée 18, toutes les pièces d'accrochage 21 et les plats 20 rendus solidaires sont ramenés à leur point de départ, c'est-à-dire vers le bas, par un ressort de traction (non représenté), fixé dans le bas du montant fixe 7 d'une part et au plat 20 d'autre part.In addition, when the opening operation of the ladder has been carried out and the handle 18, all the hooking parts 21 and the plates 20 made integral are brought back to their starting point, that is to say downwards, by a tension spring (not shown), fixed at the bottom of the fixed amount 7 on the one hand and flat 20 on the other.

Afin que la crémaillère 32 soit, d'une part, facilement montée sur le plat 20 sans pour cela enlever le plat 20 du montant fixe 7 et, d'autre part, facilement localisée au bon endroit sur le plat 20 pour que le pignon 31 du déclencheur soit engrené de façon correcte pour la manoeuvre d'ouverture de l'échelle, il est prévu sur le plat 20, des doubles perforations à tous les endroits de sa longueur où il est possible de placer un déclencheur. Pour ce faire, cette crémaillère 32 est brochée sur le plat 20 par les ergots 32a avant le montage des autres pièces du déclencheur. En outre, cette crémaillère 32 ne pourra plus être débrochée du plat 20 lorsque les autres pièces du déclencheur sont mises en place.So that the rack 32 is, on the one hand, easily mounted on the dish 20 without removing the dish 20 from the fixed upright 7 and, on the other hand, easily located in the right place on the dish 20 so that the pinion 31 of the trigger is meshed correctly for the opening operation of the ladder, there is provided on the plate 20, double perforations at all places along its length where it is possible to place a trigger. To do this, this rack 32 is pinned on the flat 20 by the pins 32a before mounting the other parts of the trigger. In addition, this rack 32 can no longer be removed from the plate 20 when the other parts of the trigger are in place.

Afin d'assurer une liaison entre les pièces 6 et les montants fixes 7 (figures 1, et 4), les entailles 35 des pièces 6 comportent, d'un côté latéral, une gorge arrondie 38 dans laquelle va prendre le nez arrondi 40 de forme correspondante aux petites ailes latérales 36 des montants fixes 7. Dès lors que les entailles comportant une gorge 40a bien entendu, le restant du côté latéral va présenter la forme d'un nez arrondi 40. Il en sera de même pour le côté correspondant des ailes latérales 36 qui va présenter une forme épousant la gorge arrondie. En prévoyant un certain jeu entre les dimensions respectives des gorges 38 et 40a de la pièce 6 et les nez 40 et gorges 38 des ailes 36, on pourra facilement venir placer les pièces 6 sur les ailes 36, en effet, on amènera les pièces 6 de biais par rapport aux ailes 36, puis on redressera les pièces 6 pour ensuite les ancrer au moyen des boulons 5, de cette façon, les pièces 6 et les ailes 36 du montant fixe 7 ne pourront être séparées.In order to ensure a connection between the parts 6 and the fixed uprights 7 (FIGS. 1 and 4), the notches 35 of the parts 6 comprise, on a lateral side, a rounded groove 38 in which the rounded nose 40 of shape corresponding to the small lateral wings 36 of the fixed uprights 7. As soon as the notches comprising a groove 40a of course, the rest of the lateral side will have the shape of a rounded nose 40. The same will be true for the corresponding side of the lateral wings 36 which will have a shape matching the rounded throat. By providing a certain play between the respective dimensions of the grooves 38 and 40a of the part 6 and the noses 40 and grooves 38 of the wings 36, it will be possible to easily place the parts 6 on the wings 36, in fact, the parts 6 will be brought at an angle to the wings 36, then the pieces 6 will be straightened and then anchored by means of the bolts 5, in this way, the pieces 6 and the wings 36 of the fixed upright 7 cannot be separated.

En se référant à la figure 1b, on voit également le support de renforcement 41 que l'on vient coincer contre la nervure centrale 8 du montant fixe 7. Pour pouvoir le faire, cette nervure 8 comporte latéralement deux éléments d'emboîtement, l'un, 42, une rainure droite, perpendiculaire et vers l'extrémité de la nervure 8, l'autre, un double retour, l'un parallèle, l'autre perpendiculaire à la nervure 8 à bord cassé et entaille 43 dans laquelle on peut venir coincer le support de renforcement 41 après l'avoir présenté de biais et puis le rabattre contre la nervure 8 et en outre, le fixer longitudinalement sur la nervure 8 par un boulon (non représenté). Ce support de renforcement 41 se présente plus ou moins sous la forme d'une fourche qui comporte, d'une part, à une extrémité un nez plat 44 et un nez arrondi 45 sur l'autre face, de manière à pouvoir se placer de biais et être redressé ensuite dans le rainure 43 de la nurvure 8 et d'autre part, dans son dos, une excroissance 46 au côté droit venant se placer dans la rainure 42. Par ailleurs, ce support de renforcement 40 se prolongeant au-delà de la nervure 8, va permettre d'être face à l'axe 29 du déclencheur 18 de façon à lui servir de palier: une ouverture 47 étant prévue à cet effet. En même temps, ce support de renforcement 41 va servir d'entretoise entre l'éjecteur 33 et la nervure 8. De la sorte, le support de renforcement 41 maintient l'axe 29 du déclencheur engrené correctement à la crémaillère 32 brochée sur le plut 20 et garantit un bon fonctionnement des différentes pièces effectuant l'ouverture de l'échelle.Referring to FIG. 1b, we can also see the reinforcement support 41 which is wedged against the central rib 8 of the fixed upright 7. To be able to do this, this rib 8 has two interlocking elements laterally, the one, 42, a straight groove, perpendicular and towards the end of the rib 8, the other, a double return, one parallel, the other perpendicular to the rib 8 with broken edge and notch 43 in which one can come to wedge the reinforcement support 41 after having presented it at an angle and then fold it against the rib 8 and in addition, fix it longitudinally on the rib 8 by a bolt (not shown). This reinforcing support 41 is more or less in the form of a fork which comprises, on the one hand, at one end a flat nose 44 and a rounded nose 45 on the other face, so as to be able to be placed bias and then be straightened in the groove 43 of the nurvure 8 and on the other hand, in its back, a protuberance 46 on the right side coming to be placed in the groove 42. Furthermore, this reinforcement support 40 extending beyond of the rib 8, will allow to be facing the axis 29 of the trigger 18 so as to serve as a bearing: an opening 47 being provided for this purpose. At the same time, this reinforcement support 41 will serve as a spacer between the ejector 33 and the rib 8. In this way, the reinforcement support 41 maintains the axis 29 of the trigger correctly geared to the rack 32 brocaded on the plut 20 and guarantees correct operation of the various parts opening the ladder.

Il est compréhensible que, d'une part, les pièces 6 sont prévues à hauteur de chaque pièce 2 ancrée dans le mur 1 et que, d'autre part, le support de renforcement est, quant à lui, prévu à hauteur de chaque déclencheur 18.It is understandable that, on the one hand, the parts 6 are provided at the height of each part 2 anchored in the wall 1 and that, on the other hand, the reinforcement support is, for its part, provided at the height of each trigger 18.

Par ailleurs, comme l'emboîtement respectif des différentes pièces 6 par rapport aux ailes 36 et 41, par rapport à la nervure centrale 8, ne se fait pas en présentant les pièces 6 et 41 en biais, il faut prévoir non seulement des arrondis mais également un certain jeu dans l'un des éléments à associer, sous forme d'un espace libre pour pouvoir introduire un élément dans l'autre. Cette introduction n'étant pas réalisée en présentant simplement les pièces 6 et 41 parallèlement mais au contraire de biais pour les ramener ensuite par pivotement latéral et ainsi les accrocher les unes aux autres. Ceci n'empêche pas que les pièces 6 et 41 assurent leur rôle.Furthermore, as the respective interlocking of the different parts 6 relative to the wings 36 and 41, relative to the central rib 8, is not done by presenting the parts 6 and 41 at an angle, it is necessary to provide not only rounded but also a certain play in one of the elements to be associated, in the form of a free space to be able to introduce an element into the other. This introduction is not carried out by simply presenting the parts 6 and 41 in parallel but on the contrary at an angle so as to then bring them back by lateral pivoting and thus to hang them together. This does not prevent parts 6 and 41 from fulfilling their role.

En se référant à la figure 4, on voit que les pièces 6 sont donc des bouts de profilés pleins, pourvu chacun d'une rainure verticale 35 dans laquelle peuvent glisser les petites ailes latérales 36 parallèles au plan de la façade du montant fixe 7. Ces pièces comportent, en outre, deux perforations taraudées 51 (non représentées) placées l'une au-dessous de l'autre pour le passage des boulons 5.Referring to FIG. 4, it can be seen that the parts 6 are therefore ends of solid sections, each provided with a vertical groove 35 in which the small lateral wings 36 can slide parallel to the plane of the facade of the fixed upright 7. These parts also comprise two threaded perforations 51 (not shown) placed one below the other for the passage of the bolts 5.

Dans en autre mode de réalisation préférentiel de l'invention suivant la figure 1a et 1c le support de renforcement 41 est remplacé par le support 41', et la rainure 42 est supprimée, tandis que la rainure 43 a été remplacée par une gorge 8' ou s'emboîte le nez 44' du support 41'. Le support 41' est placé horizontalement dans la gorge 8' et puis est pivoté vers le haut, étant ensuite maintenu en place à l'aide de deux entailles réalisées, de chaque côté sur la gorge 8' avec un burin. Tel qu'il a déjà été dit le trou 9' du support 41' sert de coussinet à l'axe 29 du déclencheur. Ce mode de réalisation a l'avantage d'améliorer nettement l'engrènement du pignon 31 dans la crémaillère 32 en rendant plus rigide le déclencheur lorsque l'on applique un effort sur la poignée 18, pour le faire fonctionner.In another preferred embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 1a and 1c, the reinforcement support 41 is replaced by the support 41 ', and the groove 42 is removed, while the groove 43 has been replaced by a groove 8' or fits the nose 44 'of the support 41'. The support 41 'is placed horizontally in the groove 8' and then is pivoted upwards, then being held in place using two notches made, on each side on the groove 8 'with a chisel. As already mentioned, the hole 9 'of the support 41' serves as a bearing for the axis 29 of the trigger. This embodiment has the advantage of clearly improving the engagement of the pinion 31 in the rack 32 by making the trigger more rigid when a force is applied to the handle 18, to make it operate.

D'autre part, suivant cet autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, outre le système d'ouverture manuel, on peut concevoir un système d'ouverture électrique de l'échelle, au moyen de contacteurs qui commandent un moteur réducteur à courant continu alimenté par une batterie à recharge permanente. A cet effet, on a prévu une gorge 52 localisée dans le montant 7 afin d'y pouvoir insérer un câble électrique.On the other hand, according to this other embodiment of the invention, in addition to the manual opening system, an electrical opening system of the ladder can be designed, by means of contactors which control a direct current reduction motor. powered by a permanently recharging battery. For this purpose, a groove 52 located in the upright 7 has been provided in order to be able to insert an electric cable there.

Afin d'éviter le déplacement latéral des branches d'appui des ressorts d'équilibrage (non représentés), placés à l'intérieur de échelons, et ainsi empêcher la détérioration de ceux-ci, on a prévu deux rainures en V 53 sur le montant 7. La présente invention n'est pas limitée aux formes de réalisation décrites ci-dessus et l'on ne sortirait pas de son cadre en y apportant des modifications.In order to avoid lateral displacement of the support branches of the balancing springs (not shown), placed inside rungs, and thus prevent deterioration thereof, two V-shaped grooves 53 are provided on the upright 7. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and we would not go outside of its scope by making modifications.

Claims (9)

1. Improvement to emergency ladders folding in one or more vertically successive sections of which each element is made up of two angle-metal uprights arranged with their inside surfaces opposite one another, of articulated rungs on the said upright; uprights whose inside faces perpendicular to the plane of the ladder support two longitudinal ribs, situated towards the edge of the wing of the first upright and towards the angle of the second, each rib facing a rib of the other upright and provided, at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction, with facing perforations receiving pivots for articulating the rungs, the fixed angle-metal upright, that is the one to be placed on the facade side, comprising, on the one hand, on each side, outside and at the sides, a wing parallel to the plane of the facade; a wing over which are curved on each side, pieces having a notch which engages the end of such lateral wings, each piece (6) being fixed by means of one or more bolts at a desired point along the length of the respective parallel longitudinal slot(s) (4) with which each wing of a U-piece anchored to the facade is provided; anchoring piece enclosing and holding by its wings the fixed upright (7) by means of notched pieces (35) and, on the other hand, such said fixed upright (7), between its perpendicular wing on the facade and the adjacent rib, has a double slot (19) inside, of hammerhead shape, into which can be slipped the edges of a flat piece (20) of length identical to that of a ladder section, such said flat piece (20) in each section being made to connect successively one to the other in such manner as to ensure continuity and connection over the whole height of the ladder of the means of keeping it in the folded and unfolded positions, and by successive perforations, make it possible to broach a toothed rail (32) at determinate points and place a release (18) there, for example every 30 cm, points likewise determined on the interal wing of the fixed upright (7), by successive perforations meant to receive a drilling gauge to effect perforations for fixing the support for the axis of the release, characterized in that, in order to ensure a connection between the pieces (6) and the fixed uprights (7), the notches (35) in the pieces (6) include, on one lateral side, a rounded groove (38) into which will fit the rounded nose (40) corresponding in shape to the small lateral wings (36) of the fixed uprights (7).
2. Improvement to emergency folding ladders in accordance with claim 1, characterized by the fact that, in order to ensure smooth functioning of the succession of flat pieces (20), pinions (31) and toothed rails (32) permitting attachment, detachment and separation of the two uprights of the ladder, a reinforcing support (41) is provided which, by fitting into the centre rib opposite the perpendicular lateral wing of the fixed upright (7) which is fixed by screw or bolt, will be able to act as a bearing for pivoting the axis of the release, prevent deformation of the lateral wing of the fixed upright and therefore, maintain good meshing of the pinion (31) with the toothed rail (32).
3. Improvement to emergency folding ladders in accordance with claim 1, characterized by the fact that the U-piece (2) anchored by means of an extensible bolt (3) is provided at the back with an adjustment slot before being finally affixed to the wall and on each of its wings, with two longitudinal slots (4) through which pass the two bolts (5) maintaining at various points the pieces (6) in which the fixed angle-metal upright (7) of the ladder is maintained and, for example for reasons of expansion, can slide vertically, such upright having longitudinal ribs (8) in which are provided perforations (9) for the rung pivots, the slot on the U-piece (2) is off-centre in relation to the axis so as to allow maximum lateral displacement in order closely to align vertically all the expansion pieces (6) even if the anchoring bolt on the building has to be shifted laterally.
4. Improvement to emergency folding ladders in accordance with any one of the claims 1 and 2, characterized by the fact that the inside face of the fixed upright (7) includes, between the wing perpendicular to the face of the fixed upright (7) and the neighbouring rib (8), a double longitudinal slot (19) into which is slipped a flat piece (20) acting as a batten; a flat piece the height of which is identical to that of a section of the ladder, and a flat piece (20) which is connected, for example by means of a small plate and two screws to the flat pieces (20) of the sections above and below, if any, and by the fact that on such said flat piece (20) is fixed an attachment piece (21) and that the system is controlled by the releasing arm (18); an attachment piece (21) consisting of a U-section (22) with back turned towards the flat piece (20), through which is positioned an axis (23) bearing a bracket (24) turned towards the arm and pressed by a spring (25) into this position, and that, facing this attachment piece (21) forming an integral whole in the vertical plane with the fixed upright (7), is a piece (26) provided with a nose (27), fixed to the movable upright (10), a nose (27) which engages under the bracket (24) when the ladder is closed, and that such piece (26) is fixed in the centre rib (13) of the unfolding upright (10),the rear part (28) of such piece is vertically receding so that the nose (27) is more or less in the longitudinal axis of the flat piece (20).
5. Improvement to emergency folding ladders in accordance with any one of the claims 2 to 4, characterized by the fact that a releasing arm (18) is mounted at one end of an axis (29) placed in a support (30) fixed on the lateral wing of the upright (7); axis (29) passing through such upright and sustained at the other end by a reinforcing support (41) localized and laterally fixed by the notches (42) and (43) on the rib (8) and localized and fixed longitudinally by a bolt, and that on the axis (29) is fixed the control pushbutton (50) which acts upon the pin (51) on the pinion (31) causing the latter to turn, which forces the toothed rail (32) tailed into the plate (20) by means of two pins (32a) upwards and therefore the bracket (24) on the attachment piece (21) and, in order to compel the ladder to unfold, a longitudinal tilting (33) or ejector arm has likewise been placed on the axis (29) beyond the pinion (31) and controlled by the pin (51), and which, when its angle end (34) moves away from the flat piece (20), pushes against the outside face of the movable upright (10), and that, for all the attachment pieces (21) placed on the flat pieces (20) forming an integral whole, pieces (26) which are fixed on the movable upright (10), may be raised and thus detached before the tilting arm (33) forces the movable upright (10) to move away from the fixed upright (7), a curved slot (33a) has been made on the flat part of the tilting arm (33) allowing the pin (51) lodged in such slot to pivot through a few degrees before pulling the tilting arm (33) and causing the ladder to unfold over its whole height.
6. Improvement to emergency folding ladders in accordance with claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that the rib (8) has a curved part forming a groove (8') into which fits the nose (44') of the reinforcing support (41') which is provided with a hole (9'), the reinforcing (4T) being held in place by a notch made on each side of the latter and by a cylindrical distance-piece (41c) with a borehole through which passes the axis (29) which lodges in the above-designated hole (9'), the distance-piece (41c) having the further fuction of avoiding the warping of the reinforcing support (4T).
7. Improvement to emergency folding ladders in accordance with claims 1 to 6, characterized by the fact that, when a hand-grip (18) is operated, it turns the respective pinion (31) which causes movement of the corresponding toothed rail (32) which is integrally connected with the flat piece (20) acting as a batten, flat piece (20) on which has been fixed another toothed rail at each floor, each toothed rail (32) placed on each flat piece (20) or batten acts upon its respective pinion (31) without nevertheless causing its corresponding axis (29) and hand-grip (18) to rotate, which has the consequence that the fact of operating the arm of the release is independent of the movement of the other arms of releases.
8. Improvement to emergency folding ladders in accordance with claims 1 to 7, characterized by the fact that a groove (52) has been installed in the upright (7) to insert the electric wiring connecting the different elements of the electric system for unfolding the ladder, just as two V-shaped slots (53) have been made on this same upright (7) whose function is to avoid lateral displacement of the support arms of balancing springs placed inside rungs and thus prevent deterioration of the latter.
9. Improvement to emergency folding ladders in accordance with claims 1 to 8, characterized by the fact that one or more electric contact-makers control a reducing motor powered by a constant recharge battery or other adequate electric supply, which operates the flat piece (20) or batten over its whole height and consequently the pinions and tilting levers of the other manual releases which would perhaps be placed on the ladder upright (7), even if the axes (29) and levers (18) of these are immobilized.
EP19860870004 1985-01-18 1986-01-14 Foldable ladder Expired - Lifetime EP0190115B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE901523 1985-01-18
BE901523 1985-01-18
BE0/215993A BE903832R (en) 1985-01-18 1985-12-11 Ladder with extendable sections - has sections locked by rack and pinion mechanism and operated manually or automatically
BE215993 1985-12-11

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0190115A2 EP0190115A2 (en) 1986-08-06
EP0190115A3 EP0190115A3 (en) 1987-05-06
EP0190115B1 true EP0190115B1 (en) 1990-05-23

Family

ID=25654797

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19860870004 Expired - Lifetime EP0190115B1 (en) 1985-01-18 1986-01-14 Foldable ladder

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0190115B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1005280B (en)
DE (1) DE3671496D1 (en)
ES (1) ES8700378A1 (en)
PT (1) PT81865B (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1318682C (en) * 2005-11-01 2007-05-30 新潮集团股份有限公司 Nano-anti static flame-retarding finishing agent, preparing process and use thereof
CN110015238B (en) * 2019-04-03 2024-04-19 中工车辆湖北省有限公司 Lifting type cat ladder structure for caravan

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE42014C (en) * W. CLUSE in Tottenham, Court Road, Middlesex, England Collapsible rescue ladder
GB288837A (en) * 1927-05-10 1928-04-19 Horace Thomas Saunders Improvements in and relating to fire-escape ladders
US3517770A (en) * 1967-12-27 1970-06-30 Loix Gilbert Foldable ladder
BE829392A (en) * 1975-05-23 1975-09-15 ADVANCEMENTS AT A FOLDABLE SCALE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0190115A2 (en) 1986-08-06
PT81865B (en) 1992-05-29
EP0190115A3 (en) 1987-05-06
PT81865A (en) 1986-02-01
CN86100405A (en) 1986-07-16
CN1005280B (en) 1989-09-27
DE3671496D1 (en) 1990-06-28
ES550544A0 (en) 1986-10-16
ES8700378A1 (en) 1986-10-16

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