EP0708871B1 - Louvre window - Google Patents
Louvre window Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0708871B1 EP0708871B1 EP94922884A EP94922884A EP0708871B1 EP 0708871 B1 EP0708871 B1 EP 0708871B1 EP 94922884 A EP94922884 A EP 94922884A EP 94922884 A EP94922884 A EP 94922884A EP 0708871 B1 EP0708871 B1 EP 0708871B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- window
- opening
- upright
- bar
- engaged
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001639412 Verres Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006355 external stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
- E06B7/02—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows for providing ventilation, e.g. through double windows; Arrangement of ventilation roses
- E06B7/08—Louvre doors, windows or grilles
- E06B7/084—Louvre doors, windows or grilles with rotatable lamellae
- E06B7/086—Louvre doors, windows or grilles with rotatable lamellae interconnected for concurrent movement
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a window of the ashamedy type comprising a metal frame defining a opening in which flaps are arranged shutter, mounted on bars horizontal, each mobile in rotation around their axis longitudinal and engaged each with a mechanism actuation by the operation of which the bars are simultaneously rotated synchronously and flaps driven to a closed position or to an open position.
- a window of this type is notably known as trade name of "Duro".
- This document shows a fastening of the flap to the room pivot by form fitting and a pivot piece in two parts linked by clips to each other.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a other solution to this problem.
- the window of the "jealousyā€¯ type comprising a frame 1 consisting of the assembly of two vertical uprights 2 with two horizontal sleepers, defining an opening in which are arranged shutter flaps 4 mounted in fixing on horizontal bars 3 extending from vertical upright 2 to each other in the plane of the opening said bars being each mounted in rotation around their longitudinal axis and each being engaged with a mechanism actuation by the operation of which the bars 3 are rotated and the flaps operated towards a shutter position or to an open position
- the vertical uprights 2 each consisting of a profile with a U-shaped cross section to determine a vertical housing, lateral to the window opening, open opposite to the opening and separate from said opening by the core 13 of the profile which is a wall vertical, orthogonal to the plane of the opening, each bar 3 along its axis of rotation being equipped with two pivot end pieces 9 each engaged in a 13A rotating guide bearing under the form of a cylindrical hole passing right through the core 13 of the corresponding amount and, the mechanism actuator being mounted in the vertical housing
- a window of the ashamedy type comprising a metallic frame 1 constituted by the assembly of two vertical uprights 2 of U-shaped cross section with a horizontal upper cross member and a horizontal lower cross member. These two crosspieces also have a U-shaped cross section. Relative to the quadrangular opening determined by the frame, the wings of the profiles constituting the uprights 2 and the crosspieces are parallel to the plane of the opening and oriented opposite to the latter while the web of these profiles is perpendicular to the plan of said opening. More precisely, the opening is delimited on the left and on the right by the upper surface of the core of the left and right uprights and above and below by the upper surface of the core of the upper and lower crosspieces.
- the quadrangular opening as defined receives shutters 4 generally rectangular shutter each mounted on a rotary bar 3, horizontal, cooperating with an actuating mechanism which is mounted in the vertical housing formed by one amounts.
- the shutters can be fixed by rivets or screws on their respective bars (figure 4) or if they each consist of a blade of glass be positioned by one of their longitudinal edges in a gutter made over the entire length of their respective bar (figure 9).
- the shutters and their bars are in one piece.
- each flap is offset from its bar so that its center of gravity is also offset from the axis of rotation of its bar. Behind the bar, the flap forms a heel. In the closed position, the flaps overlap each other and extend downward from their bar. Still in this closed position, the heel of each flap develops above the corresponding bar and is covered by the lower part of the flap positioned immediately above. Such a closed position is shown in FIG. 9. In the open position the flaps develop perpendicular to the opening.
- Each bar 3 extends horizontally from one upright to the other and receives at each of its ends a pivot piece 9.
- the two pivot pieces 9 that each bar has are engaged respectively in a bearing 13A made in the core of the left upright of the frame and in a bearing 13A made in the core 13 of the right upright of the frame.
- the bearings 13A are in the form of a cylindrical bore passing right through the core 13 of the corresponding amount.
- Each pivot piece 9 crosses right through the core 13 of the corresponding upright by passing through the bearing 13A and comprises a tenon 11 engaged and locked in a housing 12 formed in the corresponding end of the bar, said housing being of shape complementary to that of the tenon, a cylindrical bearing 9A axially extending said tenon cooperating in guiding in rotation with the bearing 13A and an end portion 9B axially extending the cylindrical bearing 9A in the vertical housing formed by the corresponding upright and separated from the latter by a shoulder forming a stop and opposing the passage of the terminal part 9B through the bearing 13A.
- the housing 12 presented by the bar at each end follows the shape of the tenon which ensures perfect coaxiality between the bar and the pivot pieces 9.
- the housing 12 which each bar has at each end can be produced by machining, for example, in the bar or, according to another arrangement of the invention, in an insert 18 engaged and locked in the corresponding end of the bar.
- the bar is hollow, the insert pieces 18 can be force-fitted into their bar, which will ensure their attachment to the latter.
- each pivot piece 9 is integral with an actuating mechanism mounted in the vertical upright housing.
- This actuation mechanism includes an irreversible motor assembly with a shaft output 19 rotary PTO to which is attached a lever 20 at the end of which the end is articulated a link 21 articulated by its other end to one moving parts of a motion transmission consisting of an operating rod 6 extending vertically in the post housing at which are articulated several rods 8 fixed respectively to the pivot pieces 9 each to the terminal part 9B of the corresponding pivot piece.
- the link 21 is articulated to the rod 6.
- the rod 6 is in the form of a rigid strip of rectangular cross section arranged parallel to the wall 13 at a distance from the latter.
- the rod 6 receives a hinge pin 31 of the rod 21.
- This hinge pin has a head forming a shoulder and is engaged in an orifice provided for this purpose in the rod 6 and passing right through.
- the shouldered head of the axis whose diameter is larger than that of the orifice of the rod, is engaged between the core 13 and the said rod.
- the axis has a sufficient length to form a projection relative to the rod on which the link 21 is articulated which develops perpendicular to said axis.
- the clearance between the head of the axis and the wall 13 is low, which prevents the unexpected extraction of the axis.
- a compensation spring 22 fixed on the one hand to one moving parts of motion transmission and on the other hand at a fixed point of the amount, said spring 22 requesting motion transmission in the direction of opening the shutters 4.
- the compensation spring which can be a coil spring is attached to the rod maneuver.
- the compensation spring which can be a coil spring is attached to the rod maneuver.
- two motion transmission with spring housed in one amount and the other respectively. However, only one of these two transmissions will cooperate directly with the engine assembly.
- Each link 8 is rigidly fixed to the part corresponding pivot 9 by a locking member 25 slender like a rivet or a screw engaged in a drilling of the rod on the one hand and in a longitudinal bore 24 insert part 9 on the other hand, this last hole going right through the insert piece and being practiced along the central axis of symmetry of said part, said bore opening into a diametrical slot 23 dividing the tenon 11 into two parts, the introduction of the locking member in the longitudinal bore then between the two parts of the post achieving a radial expansion of the latter in order to ensure its blocking by adhesion in the housing 12. Furthermore, this blocking member performs the fixing the rod 8 to the terminal part 9B of the insert 8.
- each pivot piece 9 has a diametrical slot 10 hollowed out in its planar face secantly at longitudinal bore 24 in which is engaged and fixed the corresponding link 8.
- the part 9B terminal of each link is extended axially by a boss of polygonal cross section and that the connecting rod has an orifice of polygonal section of shape complementary to that of the straight section of the boss, said rod by its polygonal orifice being engaged on the boss.
- the assembly actuating mechanism motor is housed in a housing 26 inserted in the vertical housing of the upright 2 corresponding by passage through an opening 27 frontal formed in one of the wings of said upright.
- the assembly is removably attached to said amount.
- the link 21 is not fixed to the hinge pin 31 but only engaged on this latest.
- the dimensions of the opening 27 taking it is possible to release the link 21 from the axis 31 and proceed to removal of the engine assembly for replacement or of its repair.
- the housing 26 is preferably provided with a base 28 for fixing to the upright 2, this base coming in press against the peripheral edge of the opening 27.
- the assembly motor is constituted by a toothed wheel 16 mounted in rotation in the housing and by a worm screw 15 mounted rotating in the housing and cooperating in meshing with the toothed wheel 16.
- This toothed wheel is wedged on the shaft 19 which externally to the housing receives in fixing the lever 20.
- the worm 15 is fixed on a shaft 29 engaged in a drilling of the base 28 of the housing 26 for receive externally at the housing 26 an operating member which may be a handle 14 or an electric motor.
- the worm and gear wheel system designed to to be irreversible that is to say that the rotational movement of the screw and the wheel cannot be obtained by application of a motor torque only on the screw only. So the external stresses exerted on shutters 4 by the wind for example will not cause the modification of their angular position in the opening of the window.
- the engine assembly may be constituted by an electric motor housed in a box or no and associated with commands outside the window.
- the window as that described has sealing elements such as seals arranged in particular in grooves practiced in the heels of the flaps 4, these seals in the closed position flaps being compressed in their throat by the part lower flap immediately above.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)
- Blinds (AREA)
- Operating, Guiding And Securing Of Roll- Type Closing Members (AREA)
- Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)
Description
La prĆ©sente invention a pour objet une fenĆŖtre du type jalousie comprenant un cadre mĆ©tallique dĆ©finissant une ouverture dans laquelle sont disposĆ©s des volets d'obturation, montĆ©s en fixation sur des barreaux horizontaux, mobiles chacun en rotation autour de leur axe longitudinal et en prise chacun avec un mĆ©canisme d'actionnement par la manoeuvre duquel les barreaux sont simultanĆ©ment entrainĆ©s en rotation de maniĆØre synchrone et les volets entrainĆ©s vers une position d'obturation ou vers une position d'ouverture.The present invention relates to a window of the jealousy type comprising a metal frame defining a opening in which flaps are arranged shutter, mounted on bars horizontal, each mobile in rotation around their axis longitudinal and engaged each with a mechanism actuation by the operation of which the bars are simultaneously rotated synchronously and flaps driven to a closed position or to an open position.
Une fenĆŖtre de ce type est notamment connue sous le nom commercial de "Duro".A window of this type is notably known as trade name of "Duro".
On connaĆt du EP-A-205 410 une fenĆŖtre du type "jalousie" conforme au prĆ©ambule de la premiĆØre revendication.We know from EP-A-205 410 a window of the type "jealousy" consistent with the preamble of the first claim.
Ce document montre une fixation du volet Ć la piĆØce de pivot par emboĆtement de forme et une piĆØce de pivot en deux parties liĆ©es par clips l'une Ć l'autre.This document shows a fastening of the flap to the room pivot by form fitting and a pivot piece in two parts linked by clips to each other.
Une telle disposition n'assure pas en toutes circonstances une liaison rapide entre la piĆØce de pivot et le barreau d'une part et la piĆØce de pivot et son Ć©lĆ©ment d'entraĆnement en rotation d'autre part.Such a provision does not ensure in all circumstances a quick connection between the pivot piece and the bar on the one hand and the pivot part and its element rotational drive on the other hand.
Il est important de rĆ©duire le risque d'extraction accidentelle des barreaux notamment lors de la manutention de la fenĆŖtre, de sa pose ou bien en prĆ©sence d'efforts importants sur les barreaux ou sur les volets qu'ils portent.It is important to reduce the risk of extraction accidental bars especially during handling window, installation or in the presence of efforts important on the bars or on the shutters they carry.
Une solution Ć ce problĆØme est dĆ©crite dans le document US-A-4 688 351. La solution prĆ©conisĆ©e dans ce document consiste Ć utiliser des barreaux de longueur suffisante pour traverser de part en part les montants de la fenĆŖtre.A solution to this problem is described in the document US-A-4 688 351. The solution recommended in this document involves using length bars sufficient to cross right through the amounts of the window.
La prĆ©sente invention a pour objet de proposer une autre solution Ć ce problĆØme.The object of the present invention is to provide a other solution to this problem.
A cet effet, la fenĆŖtre du type "jalousie" selon la prĆ©sente invention comprenant un cadre 1 constituĆ© par l'assemblage de deux montants verticaux 2 avec deux traverses horizontales, dĆ©finissant une ouverture dans laquelle sont disposĆ©s des volets d'obturation 4 montĆ©s en fixation sur des barreaux horizontaux 3 s'Ć©tendant d'un montant vertical 2 Ć l'autre dans le plan de l'ouverture les dits barreaux Ć©tant chacun montĆ©s en rotation autour de leur axe longitudinal et Ć©tant chacun en prise avec un mĆ©canisme d'actionnement par la manoeuvre duquel les barreaux 3 sont entraĆnĆ©s en rotation et les volets manoeuvrĆ©s vers une position d'obturation ou vers une position d'ouverture, les montants verticaux 2 Ć©tant chacun constituĆ© par un profilĆ© prĆ©sentant une section droite en U afin de dĆ©terminer un logement vertical, latĆ©ral Ć l'ouverture de la fenĆŖtre, ouvert Ć l'opposĆ© de l'ouverture et sĆ©parĆ© de ladite ouverture par l'Ć¢me 13 du profilĆ© laquelle est une paroi verticale, orthogonale au plan de l'ouverture, chaque barreau 3 suivant son axe de rotation Ć©tant Ć©quipĆ© de deux piĆØces de pivot 9 d'extrĆ©mitĆ© engagĆ©es chacune dans un palier de guidage en rotation 13A se prĆ©sentant sous la forme d'un perƧage cylindrique traversant de part en part l'Ć¢me 13 du montant correspondant et, le mĆ©canisme d'actionnement Ć©tant montĆ© dans le logement vertical de l'un des montants 2 et comprenant un ensemble moteur irrĆ©versible pourvu d'un arbre de sortie 19 rotatif, de prise de force, auquel est fixĆ© un levier 20 en extrĆ©mitĆ© duquel est articulĆ©e l'extrĆ©mitĆ© d'une biellette 21 articulĆ©e par son autre extrĆ©mitĆ© Ć l'un des Ć©lĆ©ments mobiles d'une transmission de mouvement constituĆ©e par une tringle de manoeuvre 6, s'Ć©tendant verticalement dans le logement du montant Ć laquelle s'articule plusieurs biellettes 8 d'Ć©gales longueurs parallĆØles entre elles, se dĆ©veloppant perpendiculairement au plan de l'ouverture et fixĆ©es chacune Ć une piĆØce de pivot 9 et Ć une seule, la dite piĆØce de pivot traversant de part en part la paroi 13 du montant correspondant par passage au travers du palier 13A correspondant et comporte un tenon 11 engagĆ© dans un logement 12 mĆ©nagĆ© dans l'extrĆ©mitĆ© correspondante du barreau, une portĆ©e cylindrique 9A prolongeant axialement ledit tenon coopĆ©rant en guidage en rotation avec le palier 13A et une partie terminale 9B prolongeant axialement la portĆ©e cylindrique 9A dans le logement vertical formĆ© par le montant correspondant et sĆ©parĆ©e de cette derniĆØre par un Ć©paulement, ladite partie terminale 9B recevant en fixation la biellette 8 correspondante se caractĆ©rise essentiellement en ce que chaque piĆØce de pivot 9 dans son tenon 11 prĆ©sente une fente diamĆ©trale 23 divisant ledit tenon en deux parties et que chaque piĆØce de pivot 9 est traversĆ©e de part en part suivant son axe central de symĆ©trie par un perƧage longitudinal 24 dans lequel est introduit un organe de blocage 25 qui rĆ©alise d'une part une expansion radiale du tenon 11 afin d'assurer le blocage par adhĆ©rence dudit tenon 11 dans le logement 12 de l'extrĆ©mitĆ© correspondante du barreau 3 et qui rĆ©alise d'autre part la fixation de la biellette 8 correspondante Ć la partie terminale 9B, ladite biellette 8 Ć©tant pourvue d'un perƧage dans lequel s'engage l'organe de blocage 25.For this purpose, the window of the "jealousy" type according to the present invention comprising a frame 1 consisting of the assembly of two vertical uprights 2 with two horizontal sleepers, defining an opening in which are arranged shutter flaps 4 mounted in fixing on horizontal bars 3 extending from vertical upright 2 to each other in the plane of the opening said bars being each mounted in rotation around their longitudinal axis and each being engaged with a mechanism actuation by the operation of which the bars 3 are rotated and the flaps operated towards a shutter position or to an open position, the vertical uprights 2 each consisting of a profile with a U-shaped cross section to determine a vertical housing, lateral to the window opening, open opposite to the opening and separate from said opening by the core 13 of the profile which is a wall vertical, orthogonal to the plane of the opening, each bar 3 along its axis of rotation being equipped with two pivot end pieces 9 each engaged in a 13A rotating guide bearing under the form of a cylindrical hole passing right through the core 13 of the corresponding amount and, the mechanism actuator being mounted in the vertical housing of one uprights 2 and comprising an irreversible motor assembly provided with a rotary output shaft 19, PTO, to which is fixed a lever 20 at the end of which is articulated the end of a link 21 articulated by its other end to one of the moving parts of a motion transmission consisting of a rod operation 6, extending vertically in the housing of the amount to which several rods are articulated 8 of equal lengths parallel to each other, developing perpendicular to the plane of the opening and fixed each to a pivot piece 9 and to only one, said piece of pivot through right through the wall 13 of the upright corresponding by passage through the bearing 13A corresponding and includes a tenon 11 engaged in a housing 12 formed in the corresponding end of the bar, a cylindrical seat 9A extending axially said post cooperating in guiding in rotation with the bearing 13A and an end portion 9B extending the axially cylindrical seat 9A in the vertical housing formed by the corresponding amount and separated from the latter by a shoulder, said end portion 9B receiving in fixation the corresponding link 8 is essentially characterized in that each pivot part 9 in its tenon 11 has a diametrical slot 23 dividing said tenon into two parts and that each pivot piece 9 is traversed right through along its central axis of symmetry by a hole longitudinal 24 into which is introduced a blocking 25 which achieves on the one hand a radial expansion of the tenon 11 in order to ensure the adhesion blocking of said tenon 11 in the housing 12 of the corresponding end of the bar 3 and which also secures the rod 8 corresponding to the terminal part 9B, said connecting rod 8 being provided with a hole in which engages the locking member 25.
D'autres avantages, buts et caractĆ©ristiques techniques de l'invention apparaitront Ć la lecture de la description d'une forme prĆ©fĆ©rĆ©e de rĆ©alisation donnĆ©e Ć titre d'exemple non limitatif en se rĆ©fĆ©rant aux dessins annexĆ©s en lesquels :
- la figure 1 est une vue de face de la fenĆŖtre et de ses volets,
- la figure 2 est une vue en perspective en ƩclatƩe du mƩcanisme d'actionnement des volets,
- la figure 3 est une vue en Ć©clatĆ©e du barreau, du volet, du montant et de la piĆØce de pivot,
- la figure 4 est une vue en perspective en Ć©clatĆ©e d'un barreau et d'un volet selon une premiĆØre forme de rĆ©alisation,
- la figure 5 est une vue en coupe de l'ensemble moteur du mƩcanisme d'actionnement,
- la figure 6 est une coupe verticale du montant montrant le mƩcanisme d'actionnement,
- la figure 7 est une vue en coupe horizontale selon la ligne AA de la figure 6,
- la figure 8 est une vue en Ć©clatĆ©e montrant un ensemble moteur amovible logĆ© dans un boĆtier selon une premiĆØre forme de rĆ©alisation,
- la figure 9 est une vue en coupe avec un volet mĆ©tallique d'une seule piĆØce et un volet en verre avec son dispositif de blocage sur un barreau rotatif,
- la figure 10 est une vue de profil d'un volet moulĆ© en une seule piĆØce avec le barreau.
- la figure 11 est une vue de profil d'un ensemble moteur du mƩcanisme d'actionnement selon une seconde forme de rƩalisation,
- la figure 12 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne BB de la figure 11,
- la figure 13 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne CC de la figure 11,
- la figure 14 est une vue en Ć©clatĆ© de la liaison entre la piĆØce de pivot et sa biellette.
- FIG. 1 is a front view of the window and its shutters,
- FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the shutter actuation mechanism,
- FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the bar, of the flap, of the upright and of the pivot part,
- FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of a bar and of a flap according to a first embodiment,
- FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the motor assembly of the actuation mechanism,
- FIG. 6 is a vertical section of the upright showing the actuation mechanism,
- FIG. 7 is a view in horizontal section along the line AA in FIG. 6,
- FIG. 8 is an exploded view showing a removable motor assembly housed in a housing according to a first embodiment,
- FIG. 9 is a sectional view with a single-piece metal shutter and a glass shutter with its locking device on a rotary bar,
- Figure 10 is a side view of a shutter molded in one piece with the bar.
- FIG. 11 is a side view of a motor assembly of the actuation mechanism according to a second embodiment,
- FIG. 12 is a sectional view along the line BB of FIG. 11,
- FIG. 13 is a sectional view along the line CC of FIG. 11,
- Figure 14 is an exploded view of the connection between the pivot part and its link.
En figure 1 on a reprĆ©sentĆ© une fenĆŖtre du type
jalousie comprenant un cadre 1 mƩtallique constituƩ par
l'assemblage de deux montants verticaux 2 de section droite
en U avec une traverse supƩrieure horizontale et une
traverse infƩrieure horizontale. Ces deux traverses
prƩsentent Ʃgalement une section droite en U.
Par rapport Ć l'ouverture quadrangulaire que dĆ©termine le
cadre, les ailes des profilƩs constituant les montants 2 et
les traverses sont parallĆØles au plan de l'ouverture et
orientĆ©es de maniĆØre opposĆ©e Ć cette derniĆØre tandis que
l'Ć¢me de ces profilĆ©s est perpendiculaire au plan de ladite
ouverture. Plus prĆ©cisĆ©ment, l'ouverture est dĆ©limitĆ©e Ć
gauche et Ć droite par l'extrados de l'Ć¢me des montants
gauche et droit et en haut et en bas par l'extrados de l'Ć¢me
des traverses supƩrieure et infƩrieure.In FIG. 1, a window of the jealousy type is shown comprising a metallic frame 1 constituted by the assembly of two
Relative to the quadrangular opening determined by the frame, the wings of the profiles constituting the
L'ouverture quadrangulaire telle que dƩfinie reƧoit
des volets 4 d'obturation de forme gƩnƩrale rectangulaire
montƩs chacun en fixation sur un barreau 3 rotatif,
horizontal, coopƩrant avec un mƩcanisme d'actionnement
lequel est montƩ dans le logement vertical formƩ par l'un
des montants.The quadrangular opening as defined receives
Comme on peut le remarquer, les volets peuvent ĆŖtre fixĆ©s par rivets ou vis sur leur barreau respectif (figure 4) ou bien s'ils sont chacun constituĆ©s par une lame de verre ĆŖtre positionnĆ©s par une de leur bordure longitudinale dans une gouttiĆØre pratiquĆ©e sur toute la longueur de leur barreau respectif (figure 9).As can be seen, the shutters can be fixed by rivets or screws on their respective bars (figure 4) or if they each consist of a blade of glass be positioned by one of their longitudinal edges in a gutter made over the entire length of their respective bar (figure 9).
Selon une autre forme de rƩalisation, (figures 9 et 10), les volets et leur barreau sont d'un seul tenant.According to another embodiment, (FIGS. 9 and 10), the shutters and their bars are in one piece.
Comme on peut le voir sur les figures 3, 9 et 10,
chaque volet est dĆ©calĆ© par rapport Ć son barreau de sorte
que son centre de gravitƩ se trouve Ʃgalement dƩcalƩ par
rapport Ć l'axe de rotation de son barreau. En arriĆØre du
barreau, le volet forme un talon. En position de fermeture,
les volets se recouvrent mutuellement et s'Ć©tendent vers le
bas Ć partir de leur barreau. Toujours selon cette position
de fermeture, le talon de chaque volet se dƩveloppe au
dessus du barreau correspondant et se trouve recouvert par
la partie infƩrieure du volet positionnƩ immƩdiatement au
dessus. Une telle position de fermeture est reprƩsentƩe en
figure 9.
En position d'ouverture les volets se dĆ©veloppent de maniĆØre
perpendiculaire Ć l'ouverture.As can be seen in Figures 3, 9 and 10, each flap is offset from its bar so that its center of gravity is also offset from the axis of rotation of its bar. Behind the bar, the flap forms a heel. In the closed position, the flaps overlap each other and extend downward from their bar. Still in this closed position, the heel of each flap develops above the corresponding bar and is covered by the lower part of the flap positioned immediately above. Such a closed position is shown in FIG. 9.
In the open position the flaps develop perpendicular to the opening.
Chaque barreau 3 s'Ć©tend horizontalement d'un
montant Ć l'autre et reƧoit Ć chacune de ses extrĆ©mitĆ©s une
piĆØce de pivot 9. Les deux piĆØces de pivot 9 que possĆØde
chaque barreau sont engagƩes respectivement dans un palier
13A pratiquĆ© dans l'Ć¢me du montant gauche du cadre et dans
un palier 13A pratiquĆ© dans l'Ć¢me 13 du montant droit du
cadre.
Les paliers 13A se prƩsentent sous la forme de perƧage
cylindrique traversant de part en part l'Ć¢me 13 du montant
correspondant.
Chaque piĆØce de pivot 9 traverse de part en part l'Ć¢me 13 du
montant correspondant par passage au travers du palier 13A
et comporte un tenon 11 engagƩ et bloquƩ dans un logement 12
mƩnagƩ dans l'extrƩmitƩ correspondante du barreau, ledit
logement Ć©tant de forme complĆ©mentaire Ć celle du tenon, une
portƩe cylindrique 9A prolongeant axialement ledit tenon
coopƩrant en guidage en rotation avec le palier 13A et une
partie terminale 9B prolongeant axialement la portƩe
cylindrique 9A dans le logement vertical formƩ par le
montant correspondant et sĆ©parĆ©e de cette derniĆØre par un
Ʃpaulement constituant butƩe et s'opposant au passage de la
partie terminale 9B au travers du palier 13A.
Le logement 12 que prĆ©sente le barreau Ć chaque extrĆ©mitĆ©
Ć©pouse la forme du tenon ce qui assure la parfaite
coaxialitĆ© entre le barreau et les piĆØces de pivot 9.
Le logement 12 que comporte chaque barreau Ć chaque
extrĆ©mitĆ© peut ĆŖtre pratiquĆ© par usinage, par exemple, dans
le barreau ou bien, selon une autre disposition de
l'invention, dans une piĆØce d'insert 18 engagĆ©e et bloquĆ©e
dans l'extrƩmitƩ correspondante du barreau. Selon cette
forme de rĆ©alisation, le barreau est creux, les piĆØces
d'insert 18 pourront ĆŖtre engagĆ©es en force dans leur
barreau ce qui assurera leur fixation Ć ces derniers.Each
The
Each
The
La partie terminale 9B de chaque piĆØce de pivot 9
est solidaire d'un mƩcanisme d'actionnement montƩ dans le
logement vertical du montant. Ce mƩcanisme d'actionnement
comprend un ensemble moteur irrƩversible pourvu d'un arbre
de sortie 19 rotatif de prise de force auquel est fixƩ un
levier 20 en extrƩmitƩ duquel est articulƩe l'extrƩmitƩ
d'une biellette 21 articulĆ©e par son autre extrĆ©mitĆ© Ć l'un
des ƩlƩments mobiles d'une transmission de mouvement
constituƩe par une tringle de manoeuvre 6 s'Ʃtendant
verticalement dans le logement du montant Ć laquelle
s'articulent plusieurs biellettes 8 fixƩes respectivement
aux piĆØces de pivot 9 chacune Ć la partie terminale 9B de la
piĆØce de pivot correspondante. Les biellettes 8 d'Ć©gales
longueurs, parallĆØles entre elles, dĆ©finissent en
combinaison avec la tringle 6 et les piĆØces de pivot 9 des
parallƩlogrammes dƩformables, la dƩformation des
parallĆ©logrammes et donc le pivotement des piĆØces de pivot 9
et par voie de consƩquence la rotation des barreaux 3 et des
volets 4 Ʃtant obtenue par dƩplacement de la tringle 6
verticalement dans un sens ou dans l'autre.The
Selon la forme prƩfƩrƩe de rƩalisation, la
biellette 21 est articulĆ©e Ć la tringle 6. La tringle 6 se
prƩsente sous la forme d'une bande rigide de section droite
rectangulaire disposĆ©e parallĆØlement Ć la paroi 13 Ć
Ć©cartement de cette derniĆØre.
La tringle 6 reƧoit un axe d'articulation 31 de la biellette
21. Cet axe d'articulation prĆ©sente une tĆŖte formant
Ć©paulement et est engagĆ© dans un orifice prĆ©vu Ć cet effet
dans la tringle 6 et la traversant de part en part. La tĆŖte
Ć©paulĆ©e de l'axe dont le diamĆØtre est plus important que
celui de l'orifice de la tringle, est engagĆ©e entre l'Ć¢me 13
et la dite tringle. Par ailleurs, l'axe prƩsente une
longueur suffisante pour former une saillie par rapport Ć la
tringle sur laquelle vient s'articuler la biellette 21
laquelle se dƩveloppe perpendiculairement audit axe. Le jeu
entre la tĆŖte de l'axe et la paroi 13 est faible ce qui
interdit l'extraction inopinƩe de l'axe.According to the preferred embodiment, the
The
Pour aider la manoeuvre de la tringle dans un sens
correspondant Ć celui de l'ouverture des volets et pour
compenser le moment rƩsistant engendrƩ par le poids de ces
derniers en raison du dƩcalage de leur centre de gravitƩ par
rapport Ć l'axe de rotation du barreau correspondant il est
prĆ©vu un ressort de compensation 22 fixĆ© d'une part Ć l'un
des ƩlƩments mobiles de la transmission de mouvement et
d'autre part Ć un point fixe du montant, ledit ressort 22
sollicitant la transmission de mouvement dans le sens de
l'ouverture des volets 4.To help maneuver the rod in one direction
corresponding to that of the opening of the shutters and for
compensate for the resistant moment generated by the weight of these
last due to the shift of their center of gravity by
relative to the axis of rotation of the corresponding bar it is
provided a
PrƩfƩrentiellement, le ressort de compensation, qui
peut ĆŖtre un ressort Ć spires est fixĆ© Ć la tringle de
manoeuvre. De prƩfƩrence, afin d'Ʃquilibrer les efforts sur
les deux piĆØces de pivot 9 Ć©quipant chaque barreau 3,sont
prƩvues deux transmission de mouvement avec ressort logƩs
respectivement dans un montant et dans l'autre. Cependant,
seule une de ces deux transmission coopĆØrera directement
avec l'ensemble moteur.Preferably, the compensation spring, which
can be a coil spring is attached to the rod
maneuver. Preferably, in order to balance the efforts on
the two
Chaque biellette 8 est fixĆ©e rigidement Ć la piĆØce
de pivot 9 correspondante par un organe de blocage 25
longiligne tel un rivet ou une vis engagƩ dans un perƧage de
la biellette d'une part et dans un perƧage longitudinal 24
de la piĆØce d'insert 9 d'autre part, ce dernier perƧage
traversant de part en part la piĆØce d'insert et Ć©tant
pratiquĆ© selon l'axe central de symĆ©trie de ladite piĆØce,
ledit perƧage dƩbouchant dans une fente diamƩtrale 23
divisant le tenon 11 en deux parties, l'introduction de
l'organe de blocage dans le perƧage longitudinal puis entre
les deux parties du tenon rƩalisant une expansion radiale de
ce dernier afin d'assurer son blocage par adhƩrence dans le
logement 12. Par ailleurs, cet organe de blocage rƩalise la
fixation de la biellette 8 Ć la partie terminale 9B de la
piĆØce d'insert 8. Afin d'Ć©viter tout glissement de la
biellette par rapport Ć la piĆØce d'insert correspondante
lors de la transmission des efforts, la partie terminale 9B
de chaque piĆØce de pivot 9 comporte une fente diamĆ©trale 10
creusĆ©e dans sa face frontale plane de maniĆØre sĆ©cante au
perƧage longitudinal 24 dans laquelle est engagƩe et fixƩe
la biellette 8 correspondante.Each
Selon une autre forme de rƩalisation, la partie
terminale 9B de chaque biellette est prolongƩe axialement
par un bossage de section droite polygonale et que la
biellette prƩsente un orifice de section polygonale de forme
complƩmentaire de celle de la section droite du bossage,
ladite biellette par son orifice polygonal Ʃtant engagƩe sur
le bossage.According to another embodiment, the
Selon la forme prƩfƩrƩe de rƩalisation, l'ensemble
moteur du mĆ©canisme d'actionnement est logĆ© dans un boĆtier
26 introduit dans le logement vertical du montant 2
correspondant par passage au travers d'une ouverture 27
frontale pratiquƩe dans une des ailes dudit montant. Par
ailleurs l'ensemble est fixĆ© de maniĆØre amovible audit
montant. Par ailleurs, la biellette 21 n'est pas fixĆ©e Ć
l'axe d'articulation 31 mais seulement engagƩe sur ce
dernier. Ainsi, par mouvement latĆ©ral du boĆtier, les
dimensions de l'ouverture 27 s'y prettant il est possible de
dƩgager la biellette 21 de l'axe 31 et de procƩder au
retrait de l'ensemble moteur en vue de son remplacement ou
de sa rƩfection.According to the preferred embodiment, the assembly
actuating mechanism motor is housed in a
Le boĆtier 26 est prĆ©fĆ©rentiellement dotĆ© d'une
embase 28 de fixation au montant 2, cette embase venant en
appui contre la bordure pƩriphƩrique de l'ouverture 27. Un
ensemble moteur avec un boitier st reprƩsentƩ notamment aux
figures 2 et 5 Ć 8.The
Selon une premiĆØre forme de rĆ©alisation, l'ensemble
moteur est constituƩ par une roue dentƩe 16 montƩe en
rotation dans le boĆtier et par une vis sans fin 15 montĆ©e
en rotation dans le boĆtier et coopĆ©rant en engrĆØnement avec
la roue dentƩe 16. Cette roue dentƩe est calƩe sur l'arbre
19 lequel extĆ©rieurement au boĆtier reƧoit en fixation le
levier 20. La vis sans fin 15 est calƩe sur un arbre 29
engagĆ© dans un perƧage de l'embase 28 du boĆtier 26 pour
recevoir extĆ©rieurement au boĆtier 26 un organe de manoeuvre
qui pourra ĆŖtre une poignĆ©e 14 ou bien un moteur Ć©lectrique.
Le systĆ©me vis sans fin et roue dentĆ©e et conƧu de maniĆØre Ć
ĆŖtre irreversible c'est Ć dire que le mouvement de rotation
de la vis et de la roue ne peut ĆŖtre obtenue par application
d'un couple moteur que sur la vis seulement. Ainsi les
sollicitations extƩrieures exercƩes sur les volets 4 par le
vent par exemple ne pourront entrainer la modification de
leur position angulaire dans l'ouverture de la fenĆŖtre.According to a first embodiment, the assembly
motor is constituted by a
Dans le cas oĆ¹ l'organe de manoeuvre est une
poignĆ©e, il est nĆ©cessaire que cette derniĆØre soit Ć©cartĆ©e
d'un Ć©ventuel mur qui se dĆ©velopperait perpendiculairement Ć
la fenĆŖtre de maniĆØre attenante Ć cette derniĆØre. Pour cette
raison, l'axe gƩomƩtrique central de symƩtrie de la vis sans
fin 15 et de son arbre 29 s'Ć©tend selon une direction
oblique par rapport au plan de l'ouverture dƩfinie par le
cadre, la poignƩe 14 portƩe par l'arbre 29 Ʃtant dƩcalƩe
vers ladite ouverture. Une telle disposition est reprƩsentƩe
en figures 11 et 12.In the case where the operating member is a
handle, it is necessary that it is spread
of a possible wall which would develop perpendicular to
the window adjoining it. For this
reason, the central geometric axis of symmetry of the screw without
En variante, l'ensemble moteur pourra ĆŖtre constituĆ© par un moteur Ć©lectrique logĆ© dans un boĆtier ou non et associĆ© Ć des commandes extĆ©rieures Ć la fenĆŖtre.Alternatively, the engine assembly may be constituted by an electric motor housed in a box or no and associated with commands outside the window.
Enfin, il y a lieu de noter que la fenĆŖtre telle
que dĆ©crite prĆ©sente des Ć©lĆ©ments d'Ć©tanchĆ©ĆÆtĆ© tels des
joints disposƩs notamment dans des gorges pratiquƩes dans
les talons des volets 4, ces joints en position de fermeture
des volets Ʃtant comprimƩs dans leur gorge par la partie
infĆ©rieure du volet immĆ©diatement au dessus. La fenĆŖtre
comportera suivant les rives verticales de l'ouverture
dĆ©finie par le cadre des joints d'Ć©tanchĆ©ĆÆtĆ© se prĆ©sentant
sous la forme de cordons verticaux.Finally, it should be noted that the window as
that described has sealing elements such as
seals arranged in particular in grooves practiced in
the heels of the
Claims (13)
- Window of the louvred type comprising a frame (1) constituted by the joining of two vertical uprights (2) to two horizontal crosspieces, defining an opening in which are arranged shutters (4) mounted by fixing to horizontal bars (3) extending from one vertical upright (2) to the other in the plane of the opening, said bars each being mounted so as to rotate about its longitudinal axis and each being engaged with an actuation mechanism by the manoeuvre of which the bars (3) are driven in rotation and the shutters manoeuvred towards a closed position or towards an open position, the vertical uprights (2) each being constituted by a profile having a U-shaped cross-section so as to determine a vertical housing, to the side of the opening of the window, open in the opposite direction from the opening and separated from said opening by the core (13) of the profile, which is a vertical wall, orthogonal to the plane of the opening, each bar (3) being equipped along its axis of rotation with two end pivot parts (9) each engaged in a rotary guide bearing (13A) having the form of a cylindrical hole passing through from one side to the other of the core (13) of the corresponding upright and, the actuation mechanism being mounted in the vertical housing of one of the uprights (2) and comprising an irreversible motor assembly provided with a rotary output shaft (19), for engaging force, to which is fixed a lever (20) at the end of which is articulated the end of a connecting rod (21) articulated by its other end to one of the mobile elements of a movement transmission constituted by a manoeuvring rod (6), extending vertically within the housing of the upright to which several connecting rods (8) of equal lengths are articulated parallel to each other, extending perpendicular to the plane of the opening and each fixed to one pivot part (9) and to one alone, said pivot part crossing from one side to the other of the wall (13) of the corresponding upright by passing through the corresponding bearing (13A) and comprising a tenon (11) engaged in a compartment (12) made in the corresponding end of the bar, a cylindrical seat (9A) axially extending said tenon co-operating, so as to guide in rotation, with the bearing (13A) and an end portion (9B) axially extending the cylindrical seat (9A) in the vertical housing formed by the corresponding upright and separated from the latter by a shoulder, said end portion (9B) receiving, so as to be fixed, the corresponding connecting rod (8) characterised in that each pivot part (9) has in its tenon (11) a diametric slot (23) dividing said tenon into two portions and that each pivot part (9) is passed through from one side to another along its central axis of symmetry by a longitudinal hole (24) into which is introduced a locking member (25), which causes on the one hand a radial expansion of the tenon (11) so as to ensure that said tenon (11) is locked by adhesion in the compartment (12) of the corresponding end of the bar (3) and which, on the other hand, causes the fixing of the corresponding connecting rod (8) to the end portion (9B), said connecting rod (8) being provided with a hole into which the locking member (25) engages.
- Window of the louvred type according to Claim 1 characterised in that the end portion (9B) of each pivot part (9) comprises a diametric slot (10) hollowed out in its plane front face so as to be secant to the longitudinal hole (24), into which the corresponding connecting rod (8) is engaged and fixed.
- Window of the louvred type according to Claim 1 or Claim 2 characterised in that the end portion (9B) is extended axially by a boss of polygonal cross section and that the connecting rod has an orifice of polygonal section, complementary in shape to that of the cross section of the boss, said connecting rod being engaged onto the boss via its polygonal orifice.
- Window of the louvred type according to Claim 1, characterised in that each bar (3) is hollow and that the end compartments (12) that it comprises are each made in an insert part (18) engaged and locked into the corresponding end of the bar (3).
- Window of the louvred type according to Claim 1 comprising shutters (4), the centre of gravity of each of which is shifted sideways relative to the axis of rotation of the corresponding bar (3) and which extending downwards, from their bar (3) in the closed position characterised by at least one compensation spring (22) fixed on the one hand to one of the mobile elements of the movement transmission and on the other hand to a fixed point of the upright, said spring (22) acting on the movement transmission so as to open the shutters (4).
- Window of the louvred type according to Claim 5 characterised in that the compensation spring (22) is fixed to the manoeuvring rod (6).
- Window of the louvred type according to Claim 1 characterised in that the motor assembly of the drive mechanism is housed in a casing (26) introduced into the vertical housing of the corresponding upright (2) by passing through a front opening (27) made in one of the wings of said upright and that said assembly is fastened to said upright so as to be capable of removal.
- Window according to Claim 7 characterised in that the casing (26) is provided with a seating (28) for fastening to the upright (2), this seating bearing against the peripheral edge of the opening (27).
- Window according to any one of Claims 1, 5, 7 or 8, characterised in that the motor assembly is constituted by a toothed wheel (16) mounted so as to rotate within the casing and by an endless screw (15) mounted so as to rotate within the casing, co-operating and meshing with the toothed wheel, said toothed wheel being secured firmly on the shaft (19) which, outside the casing, receives and has fixed to it the lever (20) and said endless screw being secured on a shaft (29) engaged in a hole in the seating (28) of the casing (26) in order to receive, outside the casing (26), a manoeuvring member.
- Window according to Claim 9 characterised in that the manoeuvring member is a handle (14).
- Window according to Claim 10 characterised in that the central geometric axis of symmetry of the endless screw (15) and its shaft (29) extends in an oblique direction relative to the plane of the opening defined by the frame, the handle (14) carried by the shaft (29) being offset towards said opening.
- Window according to Claim 9 characterised in that the manoeuvring member is an electric motor.
- Window according to any one of the preceding Claims 1, 2 characterised in that, in the housing of each upright (2) is mounted a movement transmission and a compensation spring (22).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9308579 | 1993-07-07 | ||
FR9308579A FR2707330B1 (en) | 1993-07-07 | 1993-07-07 | Window shutter type "Jalousie". |
PCT/FR1994/000846 WO1995002109A1 (en) | 1993-07-07 | 1994-07-07 | Louvre window |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0708871A1 EP0708871A1 (en) | 1996-05-01 |
EP0708871B1 true EP0708871B1 (en) | 1998-06-03 |
Family
ID=9449190
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94922884A Expired - Lifetime EP0708871B1 (en) | 1993-07-07 | 1994-07-07 | Louvre window |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0708871B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU691823B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69410796T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2119216T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2707330B1 (en) |
GR (1) | GR3027630T3 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ269155A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1995002109A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA944913B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2755996B1 (en) * | 1996-11-15 | 1999-02-19 | Lutz Roland | DEVICE FOR HANDLING ASSISTED EFFORT LAMPS |
FR2760037B1 (en) * | 1997-02-21 | 1999-05-14 | Alcan France | CONTROL DEVICE FOR JALOUSIE TYPE WINDOW |
DE20209911U1 (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2002-08-29 | Schueco Int Kg | Fastening device for a slat |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR998235A (en) * | 1949-10-26 | 1952-01-16 | Improvement to shutters | |
US2581465A (en) * | 1950-02-07 | 1952-01-08 | Arnold Products Inc | Window construction |
FR1492403A (en) * | 1966-08-17 | 1967-08-18 | Beta Aluminium Products Ltd | Refinements to slatted windows |
FR1513298A (en) * | 1966-08-31 | 1968-02-16 | Mounting device for shutter slats | |
FR1546102A (en) * | 1966-11-29 | 1968-11-15 | Appleton Pty Ltd Nv | Maneuvering mechanism for double leaves with adjustable louvers |
FR1567102A (en) * | 1967-12-01 | 1969-05-16 | ||
US4254581A (en) * | 1977-06-22 | 1981-03-10 | Norisue Ishihara | Louver shutter with movable louver boards |
US4338967A (en) * | 1979-03-01 | 1982-07-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Universal link bar operator and actuator for rotating blade air, smoke, and fire dampers |
FR2557915B1 (en) * | 1984-01-06 | 1986-06-13 | Technal International Sa | IMPROVED COMPONENT FOR OFFICING BLADES WITH ADJUSTABLE BLADES |
IT1182740B (en) * | 1985-06-05 | 1987-10-05 | Pillar Naco Ind | STRUCTURE, INCLINABLE AND ADJUSTABLE SLATS, WITH CLIPS MODULAR AND REMOVABLE RING HOLDERS |
US4688351A (en) * | 1986-09-23 | 1987-08-25 | Commonwealth Of Puerto Rico | Security window of the jalousie variety |
-
1993
- 1993-07-07 FR FR9308579A patent/FR2707330B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-07-07 NZ NZ269155A patent/NZ269155A/en unknown
- 1994-07-07 WO PCT/FR1994/000846 patent/WO1995002109A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-07-07 EP EP94922884A patent/EP0708871B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-07 AU AU72643/94A patent/AU691823B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-07-07 ES ES94922884T patent/ES2119216T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-07 DE DE69410796T patent/DE69410796T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-07-07 ZA ZA944913A patent/ZA944913B/en unknown
-
1998
- 1998-08-12 GR GR980401808T patent/GR3027630T3/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ZA944913B (en) | 1995-03-27 |
WO1995002109A1 (en) | 1995-01-19 |
DE69410796T2 (en) | 1998-10-22 |
NZ269155A (en) | 1996-08-27 |
AU7264394A (en) | 1995-02-06 |
FR2707330A1 (en) | 1995-01-13 |
AU691823B2 (en) | 1998-05-28 |
ES2119216T3 (en) | 1998-10-01 |
FR2707330B1 (en) | 1997-05-09 |
EP0708871A1 (en) | 1996-05-01 |
GR3027630T3 (en) | 1998-11-30 |
DE69410796D1 (en) | 1998-07-09 |
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