Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41J—TARGETS; TARGET RANGES; BULLET CATCHERS
  • F41J2/00—Reflecting targets, e.g. radar-reflector targets; Active targets transmitting electromagnetic or acoustic waves
  • F41J2/02—Active targets transmitting infrared radiation
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
  • F41H9/00—Equipment for attack or defence by spreading flame, gas or smoke or leurres; Chemical warfare equipment
  • F41H9/06—Apparatus for generating artificial fog or smoke screens
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
  • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
  • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
  • F42B12/56—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies
  • F42B12/58—Cluster or cargo ammunition, i.e. projectiles containing one or more submissiles
  • F42B12/66—Chain-shot, i.e. the submissiles being interconnected by chains or the like
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
  • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
  • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
  • F42B12/56—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies
  • F42B12/70—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies for dispensing radar chaff or infrared material

Definitions

• infrared radiation targets such as ships
• infrared guidance seekers can be protected from missiles equipped with infrared guidance seekers by setting an infrared dummy target next to or above the target, but in the area of the optics of the infrared guidance seeker head has a higher infrared radiation power than the threatened target.
• Infra-red shining target clouds are particularly suitable for this purpose, for example by firing a missile loaded with a flammable throwing agent, namely so-called pyrotechnic flares
• infrared target cloud is generally sufficient as a fault measure for smaller targets, such as S-boats, but for larger targets, such as frigates, there are disadvantages and uncertainty factors that at least partly relate to the functioning of the infrared - Steering seekers are attributable.
• These search heads have optics which at the beginning of the so-called search phase, which usually begins at a distance of about 10 to 15 km from the target, have relatively large aperture angles, so that they have, for example, a search range of about 3000 to 5000 m in azimuth and about 300 to Can measure 500 m in elevation.
• the steering seeker switches to the target, which is also known as lock-on, and with this process the viewing angle of the optics of the steering seeker head is greatly reduced, both in azimuth and in elevation.
• the search window of the L enksuchkopfs range is then only about 100 meters in azimuth and about 50 m in elevation.
• the infrared mock target cloud to be deflected for the missile may therefore only be about 40 to 50 m laterally from the center of radiation of the target and only about 25 to 30 m above the boat, so that it is still from the already reduced viewing angle of the optics of the infrared steering seeker head is detected.
• the new radiation center of gravity formed by the infrared mock target cloud and the S-boat then lies just outside the boat, and it shifts more and more towards the mock target as the missile approaches as the mock target cloud has a much higher infrared radiation power compared to the actual target.
• the missile is therefore generally fully deflected by the formation of such a single apparent target cloud.
• the object of the invention is therefore to create a new method of this type, by means of which the respective targets can be protected better and more reliably Above all, sufficient protection of larger targets, in particular larger ships, can be achieved, and this object is now achieved according to the invention by the method which is defined in claim 1. Preferred embodiments of this method can be found in subclaims 2 to 6.
• the essential element of the invention therefore consists in such an application of a conventional surface radiator that at the beginning of the interference maneuver as close as possible to the target, for example to the ship to be protected, a first infrared target cloud that can be detected by the optics of the infrared steering seeker head is formed, whereupon with such a temporal and spatial offset, a subsequent new apparent target cloud is formed in such a way that at least the previous apparent target cloud retains its radiant power until the new apparent target cloud has fully developed its radiant power, so that, at least over a short period of time, an effect-related transition or better said there is an overlap between the two successive infrared target clouds.
• the process according to the invention can be carried out in such a way that the throwing bodies required for forming the propagating chain of infrared dummy targets are fired from a number of launching tubes, each loaded with one throwing body, in order, under command control, at ever increasing distances, but preferably one with several Throwing bodies in a single loaded and also command-controlled launch tube is used.
• the use of such a single A -shot tube, in which the individual projectiles are stacked Arranged one behind the other has the advantage, among other things, that there is a substantial saving in weight and space for the installation required for firing, which is particularly important because warships are generally very limited in terms of their space and weight capacity and usually up to anyway extreme limit are busy.
• the main advantage of using a single launch tube is, however, that the length of the firing of the individual projectiles results in an increasingly longer guidance in the launch tube.
• the result of such a longer guidance is both a higher accuracy as well as a higher acceleration and an associated increase in flight distance.
• Firing from a single launch tube therefore essentially achieves two things.
• the ever-increasing acceleration when firing the individual throwing bodies enables, on the one hand, a very substantial amount of the higher amount of propellant charge otherwise required for the increasing distance to be increased. This means a reduction in recoil and thus the load on the weapon and ammunition, which in addition to the resulting weight saving is also associated with constructive and cost advantages.
• the scatter that increases with the flight distance is compensated for by the increasing accuracy due to the increasingly longer guidance in the launch tube. In this way, a propagating chain can be optimally formed from successive infrared-shining target clouds, which have a relatively close distance from each other with effective interlocking and result in a relatively cleanly aligned straight line.
• missile shoots preferably using a single launch tube for this purpose, which is loaded with such a number of missiles. If one does not use a single launch tube for firing the required row of individual projectiles, then the above-mentioned, special additional advantages naturally do not arise, and in such a case, namely when using multiple individual launch tubes, appropriate structural measures must be taken to ensure that that the clean chain that is essential for the success of the method according to the invention results from successive further new infrared target clouds.
• the throwing bodies to be used can be constructed in the usual way. It is essential, however, that the throwing agent contained in them results in an infrared shining target cloud with an infrared radiation power that is higher than that of the threatened target, and that the throwing agent providing this radiation power has a relatively long and defined burning time and a has a low sink rate.
• the further new infrared dummy target cloud must be formed in a time sequence which results in a sufficient overlap of the burning time with the respective previously formed infrared dummy target cloud.
• the further new infrared sham target cloud are therefore formed under a time sequence which results in a burning time overlap of at least 1 to 2 seconds with the previously formed infrared sham target cloud. Longer overlap times do no harm. As a rule, however, two thirds of the burning time of the individual dummy target clouds should not be exceeded, because otherwise more than three clouds will shine at the same time, thus blurring the impression of the target target migrating away.
• the optimal burning time and thus the service life of a single target is between 9 and 15 seconds.
• the firing time of the throwing medium must therefore be at least 9 seconds and should not exceed 15 seconds.
• its rate of descent must be very low, because otherwise the distance to the next cloud may be so great that the subsequent cloud is no longer detected by the infrared guidance seeker, or at least the two clouds are so far apart that they no longer represent a uniform apparent target.
• the time sequence under which the individual missiles are fired depends not only on the burning time of the individual dummy targets, but also on the speed and distance of the missile to be deflected and the size, direction and speed of the object to be protected. Normally, this time sequence is chosen such that a new, new, infrared target cloud is formed at the earliest every 3 and at the latest, every 13 seconds as part of the propagating chain of new infrared target clouds. In exceptional cases, however, a shorter time sequence is possible, for example down to a second or less. Such a short succession of times may be required if an approaching missile is recognized too late, so that long time sequences are no longer possible.
• the essential element of the method according to the invention consists, according to the above statements, that, in contrast to the known methods for protecting an infrared radiation target against missiles equipped with infrared guidance seekers, not only a single infrared target cloud or several, but not functionally connected Infrared target clouds form, but in succession with such a temporal and spatial offset generates a propagating chain of successive and functionally connected infrared target clouds that results in a fake target constantly moving away from the threatened target.
• conventional throwing bodies, launch systems and other devices required for this purpose can be used, which, however, have to be redesigned if necessary.
• a device that is particularly suitable for this purpose emerges from the patent application with the internal file number BU 18, filed simultaneously with this application by the same applicant.
• the start of the interference maneuver to be initiated by the method according to the invention and also the time interval between the individual launches are normally determined by a computer by entering the above-mentioned data. All of this must be designed so that each the previous sham target cloud burns at least for a certain time and thus unfolds its effect, while the subsequent new infrared sham target cloud achieves its maximum effectiveness. An at least brief, effective overlap is therefore required between the two clouds, which must be at least about 1 to 2 seconds.
• the successive infrared shining target clouds are usually about 15 to 25 m apart in their focus. The apparent target therefore moves about 15 to 25 m further away from the threatened ship per shot missile.
• a prerequisite for effective protection is that the dummy target formed does not go out at any time during the necessary protective measures and, of course, must not be too far away from the previous dummy target, since it would otherwise no longer be in the angle of view of the infrared missile seeker head of the respective missile and thus away from it is no longer recorded. If the dummy target goes out, the infrared steering seeker would swivel back to the actual target if it was still within its respective viewing angle. The same happens if there is a gap in the course of the interference maneuver. The apparent target that lights up too late could then already be outside the view of the optics of the infrared steering seeker head, as a result of which the entire deflection maneuver would lose its effect.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
• Remote Sensing (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
• Bidet-Like Cleaning Device And Other Flush Toilet Accessories (AREA)
• Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
• Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=6238144

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (4)

Families Citing this family (7)

• 1984
  • 1984-06-12 DE DE19843421734 patent/DE3421734A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1985
  • 1985-06-05 AU AU43322/85A patent/AU4332285A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1985-06-06 DK DK255785A patent/DK255785A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1985-06-11 EP EP85107203A patent/EP0173008A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 1985-06-11 NO NO852347A patent/NO852347L/no unknown
  • 1985-06-12 BR BR8502805A patent/BR8502805A/pt unknown

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