EP0152754B1 - Giessformverfahren und Giessform für Niederdruck-Präzisionsgiessen unter Verwendung vergasbaren Modells und binderfreier Sandgiessform - Google Patents

Giessformverfahren und Giessform für Niederdruck-Präzisionsgiessen unter Verwendung vergasbaren Modells und binderfreier Sandgiessform Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0152754B1
EP0152754B1 EP85100311A EP85100311A EP0152754B1 EP 0152754 B1 EP0152754 B1 EP 0152754B1 EP 85100311 A EP85100311 A EP 85100311A EP 85100311 A EP85100311 A EP 85100311A EP 0152754 B1 EP0152754 B1 EP 0152754B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mould
casting
sleeve
foundry
mask
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85100311A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0152754A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Denis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pont a Mousson SA
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Pont a Mousson SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Pont a Mousson SA filed Critical Pont a Mousson SA
Publication of EP0152754A1 publication Critical patent/EP0152754A1/de
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Publication of EP0152754B1 publication Critical patent/EP0152754B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
    • B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
    • B22C9/046—Use of patterns which are eliminated by the liquid metal in the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a precision molding process in the foundry of castings of cast iron and other metallic alloys, ferrous or not, light or not, and superalloys, and a mold according to the preambles of claims 1 and 2.
  • a foundry mold is constituted by a foundry mask (or shell) and a core, well centered and immobilized in the middle of a mass of metallic particles without binder, stiffened by a magnetic field, and feeds from bottom to top, under low pressure.
  • Such a method is advantageous by the use of low pressure which, in particular, on the one hand makes it possible to control the flow of liquid metal throughout the duration of filling of the molding cavity and which, on the other hand, improves. considerably the metal yield due to the fact that the runners are very short and that the excess of molten metal after solidification of the molded part is recovered in a ladle, by sudden drop in the pressure exerted on the molten metal contained in the ladle .
  • Such a method is also advantageous because it allows a controlled evacuation of gases and because it can be combined with a controlled suction of gases and therefore avoids gas inclusions, and because it makes it possible to feed or nourish a molding cavity in hot liquid metal, under pressure, thus creating a dynamic weighting effect, without reducing the yield of cast metal since the metal remaining liquid outside the molding cavity falls back into the pocket.
  • the lost gasifiable model we know that it can be hollow and thin, since it has the exact shape of the molded part to be obtained, and that it allows greater molding precision than any other traditional molding process.
  • the Applicant has posed the problem of benefiting from both the advantages of the lost gasifiable model, of sand without binder, and of the low pressure molding process, without having the risks of gas inclusion, and entrainment of sand in the ascending casting pipe, when filling the mold with sand without a binder and when casting under low pressure.
  • the molding process of the invention for obtaining cast iron parts and other metallic alloys, ferrous or not, light or not, and superalloys, in which a sand mold is used without binder, vibrated, packed, encasing a lost gasifiable model, the mold being rigidified under vacuum, characterized in that at least one expanded polystyrene model is positioned by assembling it with a conduit giving the shape of the mold pouring mouth, to the lower part of the mold, conduit which is fixed and which is locked at the lower part of the mold with a view to supplying ascending liquid metal under low pressure.
  • this mold of the type comprising two lost gasifiable models of expanded polystyrene, coated with a mass of sand without binder, stiffened by compaction and placing under vacuum, contained in a metal frame with peripheral vacuum chamber and with shutter and suction means, characterized in that it includes, for positioning said models inside the mold, a centering sleeve and lock assembled directly or indirectly with each expanded polystyrene model, constituting at least by its lower part a mouth for casting the mold, and comprising locking means on the bottom of the chassis of the mold, said sleeve being in a hardened mixture of sand and binder, and the models being provided with pouring appendages in expanded polystyrene serving for direct or indirect connection with said sleeve.
  • the models are perfectly positioned and immobilized during the filling of the mold with sand without binder and remain immobilized during casting.
  • a low pressure casting installation in which a foundry mold according to the invention is used essentially comprises a melting furnace 1 (or else a low pressure casting ladle) and a foundry mold 2 , forming with the melting furnace 1 a set of closed cup casting.
  • the melting furnace is for example of the electric type, tilting by means of an arcuate cradle 3 carried by rollers 4 one of which is motor and rotated by a geared motor group 5.
  • the electric furnace 1 for example of reverberation type, is heated by the radiation of a horizontal graphite bar 6.
  • the roof of the oven 1 causes a reverberation of the heat radiated on the metal bath, for example a liquid cast iron F.
  • the oven 1 has a chute or a channel casting 7, of closed or tubular cross section, communicating with the internal capacity of the furnace, at the lower part thereof, and rising at the free end by a pouring nozzle 8, preferably frustoconical, intended to communicate sealingly with a pouring mouth belonging to the mold 2.
  • the inert gas is preferably argon. However, nitrogen or pressurized air can also be used.
  • the foundry mold 2 is placed on a table or a tray 11 (the tray 11 may belong to a mold conveyor) having a wide opening 12 for the passage of the tapered spout 8 and for positioning the pouring mouth of the mold, preferably along the vertical axis XX of the frustoconical nozzle 8.
  • Under the table 11. are fixed vibrating devices 13 on either side of the opening 12.
  • the mold 2 comprises, as known, a chassis 14 and suction or vacuum means, of the type described in patent FR-A-21 63 455.
  • the parallelepipedic and metallic chassis 14 has a peripheral chamber 15 for placing vacuum or suction bounded by peripheral internal partitions, perforated 16 parallel to the lateral walls or external sides of the frame 14.
  • the perforations of the partitions 16 are of sufficiently small dimensions to prevent the passage of dry sand and without binder S contained in the chassis 14.
  • the chassis 14 has a bottom 17, metallic like the chassis, and, as a cover, is capped with a clamping plate 18 surmounted by a suction bell 19.
  • the clamping plate 18 covering the entire chassis 14 which it closes, comprises orifices 20 opening into the peripheral chamber 15 and filter orifices 21 allowing air and gases to pass but preventing passage to the sand S. There may also be filters 2 1 above the chamber 15.
  • the clamping plate 18 is integral with a jack rod 22, for example of axis XX, in order to be applied under pressure to the frame 14 and to apply under pressure the assembly of the mold 2 on the table 11.
  • the suction bell 19 is connected to a suction duct 23 which passes through it opening into the space between the bell 19 and the clamping plate 18.
  • the appendages 26 representing the pouring attacks are fitted symmetrically with respect to the axis XX of the opening 12, in the openings 27 of a foundry mask 28 also admitting the axis XX as the axis of symmetry.
  • the foundry mask 28 or shell consists of a hardened mixture of sand and thermosetting resin, or is made of ceramic (hardened mixture of sand and mineral binder) and forms a cap for the mouth of casting 29 of the mold 2 , connectable in a leaktight manner to the tapered nozzle casting orifice 8 of the chute 7.
  • the mask 28 also forms the crossroads for connecting said mouth 29 to each of the pouring attacks 26.
  • the mask 28 therefore has a tubular form which embodies 29 the mouth of the mold 2, and above this tubular shape, a dome of concave arcuate shape in this example, but which could be of convex arcuate shape, which constitutes the abovementioned intersection at Y on the periphery of which are provided the openings 27 for fitting the pouring appendages 26 of the models 24.
  • the fitting openings 27 therefore have a rectangular section combined with that of the pouring appendages 26.
  • the openings interlocking res 27 are oriented symmetrically obliquely to the axis XX, as are the casting appendages 26 fitted into the openings 27, in the upward direction from the axis XX towards each model 24.
  • the legs 36 are intended to bear on the upper face of the boss 30, outside of the rectangular notches 32, with which they constitute a bayonet locking system.
  • the flange 35 and the lugs 36 therefore apply on either side of the boss 30.
  • a protective cap 37 with a revolution profile of axis XX in staircase or double angle, s' adjusting on the one hand on the cylindrical part of the centering sleeve 34 and on the other hand, resting on the upper face of the boss 30.
  • the models 24 are assembled indirectly with the sleeve 34 by means of the mask 28.
  • the sleeve 34 To allow this introduction of the sleeve 34 until the lower flange 35 bears on the flat face of the recess 33, the sleeve 34 must be properly oriented so that the tabs 36 are facing the notches 32 of the boss 30, which are to be crossed.
  • the sleeve 34 is turned around the axis XX so that the lugs 36 come to bear on the upper face of the boss 30 outside the notches 32 (Fig. 4).
  • the sleeve 34 is then locked in the retaining position on the boss 30 of the bottom 17 of the chassis 14.
  • the protective cap 37 is introduced from above around the sleeve 34 and comes to rest in turn on the upper face of the boss 30 by covering the legs 36 as well as the notches 32.
  • the sleeve 34 thus locked is ready to receive and support the foundry mask 28 which is in turn introduced from above and which comes to rest on the internal crown of the flange 35 projecting inside the sleeve 34.
  • Each model 24 in expanded polystyrene is then introduced separately from above, until the appendage 26 for casting attack comes to fit into a nesting opening 27 of the foundry mask 28. Each model 24 is then left to rest on the support 25.
  • Each model 24 is then in the position illustrated in FIG. 3, in stable equilibrium on the one hand on the support 25, on the other hand on the foundry mask 28.
  • This stable equilibrium position is well determined, well centered inside the chassis 14 and made fixed by the sleeve of locked centering 34.
  • the sleeve 34 also serves as direct support for the mask 28 and indirect for each model 24.
  • the peripheral suction chamber 15 is closed off by an upper plate 40 applied temporarily.
  • the shutter plate 40 is a closed square or rectangular strip, corresponding to the shape of the chassis 14, and its internal perimeter and its external perimeter follow the internal and external perimeters of the peripheral suction envelope 15.
  • the use of the tray 40 is a simple precaution, optional, to avoid the entry of sand into chamber 15.
  • a hopper 41 which can be fixed and preferably located in the axis XX of the foundry mask 28 which is also the axis of symmetry of the models 24 placed in the chassis 14 , or else movable to be moved above the opening of the plate 40, avoiding however as far as possible, a direct fall of the sand S onto possibly horizontal or slightly inclined surfaces of the models 24.
  • the vibrators 13 are actuated so as to vibrate the chassis 14 and to cause a good distribution of the sand inside the chassis 14 and its compaction.
  • each model 24 has a downward inclined position which facilitates the sliding of the sand on the top wall of the model 24 and which facilitates the placement of the sand below each model 24, that is to say between the bottom 17 of the chassis 14, the protective cap 37, the mask 28 and the bottom walls of each model 24.
  • the advantages of the model of expanded polystyrene are combined, allowing an economical precision molding, with a good state of surface and the advantages of the foundry mask which is robust enough to receive the drop of sand S, during the filling of the mold (main drop), so that each model 24, relatively fragile, does not directly receive the drop of sand and avoids thus erosion.
  • the robust foundry mask 28 receives the first shock of liquid metal brought under low pressure before distributing this liquid metal in laminar, non-turbulent flow towards the models 24. The mask 28 therefore avoids direct contact with the first jet of metal liquid with the mass of sand S and consequently the erosion of this mass of sand S and the possible fall of sand from this erosion in the pouring nozzle 8.
  • the mask 28 is itself well positioned and well centered in the chassis 14 and models 24 are. consequently, well positioned precisely, and made immobile during filling with sand S and during casting.
  • the bayonet locking system of the centering sleeve 34 can be made automatic, for the installation of the sleeve 34, that is to say its fixing to the boss 30 of the chassis 14.
  • This molding and casting process and this type of mold according to the invention appreciably improves the yield of liquid metal, that is to say the ratio between the weight of each piece cast itself and the total weight of each piece. casting and casting appendages: this yield may be at least equal to 70% whereas it is usually only 30% because this type of mold makes it possible to minimize the casting appendages 26 and to avoid vents and weights due to the high permeability of the mold constituted by a mass of sand without binder S, and the suction maintained by the bell 19, both during the making of the mold and during casting.
  • This mold and this casting method make it possible to obtain, in the foundry raw state, cast iron or steel parts of small thickness, which can for example go down to 2.5 mm.
  • the foundry mask 28 is eliminated and replaced by a trunk 42 of expanded polystyrene, of the same shape as the foundry mask 28, that is to say having at its upper part a dome of concave arched shape making only 'a single piece with the casting appendages 26 which constitute the branches of the trunk 42, and constituting a Y-junction, with the said appendages 26.
  • the trunk 42 has a cylindrical outer shape and has a shoulder so as to fit together and rest on the centering and locking sleeve 34.
  • the sleeve 34 gives directly the shape of the mouth of the mold and, for this purpose, no longer has a lower crown projecting internally in the extension of the flange 35.
  • This variant constitutes one more solution. economical that of the main example with a foundry mask and has the advantage of lending itself easily to an assembly centered with the sleeve 34 due to the descent of the expanded polystyrene model, as close as possible to the pouring nozzle 8.
  • this variant is suitable for molding massive parts for which possible gas inclusions are not detrimental to the quality of the parts.
  • each model 24 is assembled directly with the sleeve 34.
  • the centering and support sleeve 34 can be made adhesive to the flat face of the recess 33 of the boss 30, therefore fixed by gluing instead of being fixed by bayonet locking system, which makes it possible to remove the notches 32 and the tabs 36. But in this case, in the current state of the art, it is preferable to manually fix the sleeve 34.
  • a ladle is used under low pressure, with a vertical refractory tube for ascending supply of the mold 2, it is the vertical refractory tube which is tightly connected to the pouring mouth 29 of the mold 2, its upper end being applied, via the sealing washer 38, to the flange 35 of the sleeve 34.
  • the lower end of said vertical refractory tube is immersed, as is known, in the liquid iron contained in the pocket.
  • oxidizable metal alloys with a high casting temperature above 1400 ° C., such as alloyed, low-alloyed or non-alloyed steels, as well as superalloys.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
  • Casting Devices For Molds (AREA)

Claims (12)

1. Verfahren zum präzisen Gießen von Teilen aus Gußeisen oder anderen eisenhaltigen oder nicht eisenhaltigen, leichten oder schweren Legierungen und Superlegierungen, bei dem eine Gießform (2) aus Sand ohne Bindemittel verwendet wird, wobei der vibrierte und gepreßte Sand ein verlorenes vergasbares Modell (24) umhüllt und die Gießform beim Druckablassen versteift ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens ein Modell aus expandiertem Polystyren positioniert wird, indem es mit einer Leitung verbunden wird, die dem unteren Teil der Gießform die Form der Gießöffnung (29) gibt, und wobei die Leitung am unteren Teil der Gießform befestigt und verriegelt wird, um die Speisung von flüssigem aufsteigenden Metall unter niedrigem Druck zu gewährleisten.
2. Gießform zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 mit zwei verlorenen, vergasbaren Modellen (24) aus expandiertem Polystyren, die mit einer Masse aus Sand (S) ohne Bindemittel umhüllt sind, wobei der Sand durch Pressen versteift ist und unter Unterdruck gesetzt wird und wobei die Gießform in einem Metallbehälter (14) mit peripherer Unterdruckkammer (15) mit Verschluß und Ansaugorgan (18, 19) angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie zur Positionierung der Modelle (24) im Inneren der Gießform einen Stutzen (34) zum Zentrieren und Verriegeln aufweist, der direkt oder indirekt mit jedem Modell (24) aus expandiertem Polystyren verbunden ist und mindestens mit seinem unteren Teil einen Gießauslaß (29) der Gießform (2) bildet und Organe zur Verriegelung auf dem Boden (17) des Gehäuses (14) der Gießform (2) aufweist, wobei der Stutzen (34) aus einer gehärteten Mischung aus Sand und einem Bindemittel besteht und die Modelle (24) mit Gießansätzen (26) aus expandiertem Polystyren versehen sind, die zur direkten oder indirekten Verbindung mit dem Stutzen (34) dienen.
3. Gießform nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stutzen (34) zur Zentrierung und Verriegelung, der den Gießauslaß (29) bildet, mit seinem rohrförmigen Teil auf den Boden (17) des Gehäuses (14) aufgesteckt ist und über einen Flansch (35) und über rechtwinklige Stützbeine zu beiden Seiten einer Ausbeulung (30) des Bodens (17) des Gehäuses (14) aufliegt, wobei die Ausbeulung mit rechtwinkligen Ausnehmungen (32) versehen sind, die in Form und Dimension den Stützfüßen (36) des Stutzens (34) entsprechen.
4. Gießform nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Flansch (35) und die Stützfüße (36) sich zu beiden Seiten der Ausbeulung (30) des Bodens (17) des Gehäuses (14) der Gießform (2) durch Drehung des Stutzens (34) zur Zentrierung und Verriegelung derart abstützen, daß die Stützfüße (36) gegenüber den Ausnehmungen (32) versetzt sind, nachdem diese Ausnehmungen (32) durchquert wurden, mit denen sie ein Bajonettverschlußsystem bilden.
5. Gießform nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ausbeulung (30) des Bodens (17) des Gehäuses (14) durch eine Ausnehmung (33) im Boden unterbrochen ist, in der der Flansch (35) des Stutzens (34) anliegt.
6. Gießform nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden verlorenen vergasbaren Modelle (24) aus expandiertem Polystyren indirekt mit dem Stutzen (34) über eine rohrförmige Gießmaske (28) aus einer gehärteten Mischung aus Sand und Bindemitteln verbunden ist, die die Gießauslaßform (29) der Gießform bildet, wobei die Maske (28) einerseits an jedes vergasbare Modell (24) und andererseits an den Stutzen (34) zur Zentrierung und Verriegelung der Maske (28) auf dem Boden (17) des Gehäuses (14) der Gießform (2) angeschlossen ist.
7. Gießform nach den Ansprüchen 2 und 6. dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes Modell (24) einen Gießansatz (26) mit rechtwinkligem Querschnitt aufweist, der in eine Öffnung (27) mit rechtwinkligem Querschnitt der Gießmaske (28) eingreift.
8. Gießform nach einem der Ansprüche 2-6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stutzen (34) zur Zentrierung und Verriegelung eine Innenkrone aufweist, die gegenüber dem rohrförmigen Teil des Stutzens (24) übersteht und den Flansch (35) verlängert, wobei die Innenkrone den unteren Endabschnitt der Gießmaske (28) trägt und wobei der Flansch (35) dicht mit einer kegelstumpfförmigen Gießnase (8) unter Zwischenlegung eines Dichtrings (38) zwischen dem Flansch (35) und der Düse (8) verbunden ist.
9. Gießform nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die rohrförmige Gießmaske (28), die die Form des Gießauslasses (29) der Gießform (2) bildet, oberhalb ihrer rohrförmigen Form einen konkav gebogenen Dorn aufweist, der eine « Y »-Gabelung der Verbindungen der Gießauslässe (29) mit den Öffnungen (27) zum Einstecken der Gießansätze (26) der Modelle (24) aufweist.
10. Gießform nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gießansätze (26) eines jeden Modells (24) symmetrisch und schräg gegenüber der Achse (X-X) des Gießauslasses (29) der Gießform (2) in einer Richtung angeordnet sind, die ausgehend von der Achse (X-X) zu jedem Modell (24) hin steigt.
11. Gießform nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in den Stutzen (34) ein Stumpf (42) eingesteckt, zentriert und angedrückt ist, der aus expandiertem Polystyren besteht und die Form des Gießauslasses (29) hat und mit den Gießansätzen (26) einstückig ausgeführt ist, die die Äste des Stumpfes (42) bilden, wobei die Modelle (24) also direkt mit dem Stutzen (34) verbunden sind.
12. Gießform nach den Ansprüchen 2-11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stumpf (42) aus expandiertem Polystyren diesselbe Form hat wie die Gießmaske (28) und in seinem oberen Teil einen konkav gebogenen Dorn aufweist, der eine Y-Verbindungsgabelung des Stumpfes (42) mit den Gießansätzen (26) der Modelle (24) bildet.
EP85100311A 1984-02-15 1985-01-14 Giessformverfahren und Giessform für Niederdruck-Präzisionsgiessen unter Verwendung vergasbaren Modells und binderfreier Sandgiessform Expired EP0152754B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8402907 1984-02-15
FR8402907A FR2559407B1 (fr) 1984-02-15 1984-02-15 Procede de moulage en fonderie et moule pour la coulee de precision sous basse pression, avec modele gazeifiable et moule en sable sans liant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0152754A1 EP0152754A1 (de) 1985-08-28
EP0152754B1 true EP0152754B1 (de) 1987-06-16

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EP85100311A Expired EP0152754B1 (de) 1984-02-15 1985-01-14 Giessformverfahren und Giessform für Niederdruck-Präzisionsgiessen unter Verwendung vergasbaren Modells und binderfreier Sandgiessform

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4616689A (de)
EP (1) EP0152754B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS60170554A (de)
BR (1) BR8500619A (de)
CA (1) CA1263009A (de)
DE (1) DE3560250D1 (de)
ES (1) ES8606043A1 (de)
FI (1) FI77998C (de)
FR (1) FR2559407B1 (de)
SU (1) SU1364230A3 (de)

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KR101435353B1 (ko) * 2011-01-28 2014-08-27 도요타 지도샤（주） 프레스 성형용 금형 주조를 위한 소실 모형
CN116871454B (zh) * 2023-09-07 2023-11-07 山西鸿琛锐机械制造有限公司 一种型砂的回收处理方法

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BE790852A (fr) * 1971-12-14 1973-02-15 Akita Kk Procede de moulage
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FR2455491A1 (fr) * 1979-05-02 1980-11-28 Pont A Mousson Procede et installation de moulage sous basse pression de pieces metalliques en empreinte en sable a paroi mince

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JPH0459060B2 (de) 1992-09-21
FI77998C (fi) 1989-06-12
US4616689A (en) 1986-10-14
JPS60170554A (ja) 1985-09-04
ES8606043A1 (es) 1986-04-01
FI850163A0 (fi) 1985-01-15
FR2559407A1 (fr) 1985-08-16
ES540053A0 (es) 1986-04-01
DE3560250D1 (en) 1987-07-23
SU1364230A3 (ru) 1987-12-30
FR2559407B1 (fr) 1986-09-05
FI850163L (fi) 1985-08-16
EP0152754A1 (de) 1985-08-28
CA1263009A (fr) 1989-11-21
FI77998B (fi) 1989-02-28
BR8500619A (pt) 1985-09-24

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