EP0150663A2 - Matrix printer head with adjustable print wire guide - Google Patents

Matrix printer head with adjustable print wire guide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0150663A2
EP0150663A2 EP84730139A EP84730139A EP0150663A2 EP 0150663 A2 EP0150663 A2 EP 0150663A2 EP 84730139 A EP84730139 A EP 84730139A EP 84730139 A EP84730139 A EP 84730139A EP 0150663 A2 EP0150663 A2 EP 0150663A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
print
pressure
needle
print head
head according
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Granted
Application number
EP84730139A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0150663A3 (en
EP0150663B1 (en
Inventor
Harald Dipl.-Ing. Niebel
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Vodafone GmbH
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Mannesmann AG
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Application filed by Mannesmann AG filed Critical Mannesmann AG
Priority to AT84730139T priority Critical patent/ATE73394T1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J25/00—Actions or mechanisms not otherwise provided for
    • B41J25/001—Mechanisms for bodily moving print heads or carriages parallel to the paper surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/22—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of impact or pressure on a printing material or impression-transfer material
    • B41J2/23—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of impact or pressure on a printing material or impression-transfer material using print wires
    • B41J2/235—Print head assemblies
    • B41J2/25—Print wires
    • B41J2/255—Arrangement of the print ends of the wires

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a matrix print head with an adjustable pressure needle guide, consisting of a pressure needle drive assembly arranged on the side facing away from the pressure abutment and a pressure needle adjustment assembly facing the pressure abutment, which has a pressure needle adjustment drive.
  • Such matrix print heads with adjustable print needle guidance are used for writing quick and / or fine writing, whereby the quick writing with unchanged position of the printing needle guidance is written in successive lines from left to right or right to left, while the fine writing or a relatively quickly written fine writing is carried out by twice overwriting one and the same line is written in opposing pressure passes while adjusting the pressure needle guide.
  • the needle gap is e.g. from seven to nine needles and can therefore be single column. It is of course possible, provided that the constructively available space in the matrix print head opens up such a construction, also to provide a plurality of adjacent needle gaps, each with seven to nine printing needles arranged one above the other.
  • Such a matrix print head with adjustable print needle guide is known (DE-OS 26 32 293), the print head having print wires arranged equidistantly in two columns and the print wire columns being displaceable in the vertical direction with respect to one another. It is known that the pressure wires of the columns are each arranged on a carrier element, one of which is arranged vertically displaceably on the print head carriage and the other leaf spring-held at the upper end via an electromagnetically or manually operated cam.
  • a particular disadvantage of the known solution is, however, that for one, two or more print needle guides, the matrix print head in the area of the print abutment, i.e. at the point where the characters are written, has an extremely wide design, so that the viewing of the writing printhead is unfavorable, the matrix printhead becomes relatively heavy and certain constructional difficulties for the simultaneous arrangement of the nine or eighteen printing needles in connection leads to difficulties with the pressure needle adjustment assembly.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a matrix printhead in which on the one hand an adaptation of the printing needle adjustment assembly to the existing printing needles or their guides takes place and on the other hand the matrix printhead with regard to the needle stroke, i.e. of the feed of each individual printing needle and with regard to the stroke height when adjusting the printing needle guide can be adjusted extremely precisely, so that the desired fine writing quality is also achieved.
  • the stated object is achieved according to the invention in the matrix printhead mentioned at the outset in that the printing needle drive assembly and the printing needle adjustment assembly are each arranged in a separate housing, that the two housings are detachably connected to one another and that the printing needle adjustment drive runs approximately in the direction of the printing needles in the housing of the printing needle adjustment assembly is arranged.
  • This adjusts the adjustment drive for the adjustment stroke of the printing needle guide to the housing shape of the matrix print head, so that there are no constructional difficulties with the normal course of the long printing needles, and on the other hand it is advantageous that when the housing for the printing needle drive assembly and the printing needle adjustment assembly is separated, a length adjustment of the individual printing needles is made can take place when there is a corresponding wear on the pressure surfaces of the printing needles and such a readjustment is necessary.
  • Such an adjustment of the length of the printing needles which are unevenly worn can, according to an improvement of the invention, e.g. be carried out in such a way that interchangeable inserts are arranged between the housings of the pressure needle drive assembly and the pressure needle adjustment assembly.
  • Such inserts can e.g. consist of spacer plates of a thickness which corresponds to the adjustment path of the printing needles or their wear.
  • the printing needle adjustment assembly consists of an armature component extending in the longitudinal direction to the pressure needles, an electromagnet coil extending in parallel, at least one end bearing for the armature component and consists of a locking device for the anchor component, at the front end of the anchor component the pressure needle guide is attached.
  • This armature component which extends in the longitudinal direction, adapts ideally to the course of nine printing needles arranged one above the other or also of a plurality of printing needle gaps, so that the matrix print head only has to be built insignificantly higher than usual.
  • the electromagnetic coil can also be installed in the longitudinal direction and that the required adjustment path for the pressure needle guide results from this basic arrangement for the armature component.
  • the armature component consists of a metal lever which is rotatably supported in the area facing the pressure needle drive assembly.
  • the anchor component can therefore advantageously run through the adjustment path for the pressure needle guide by a slight pitching movement, a considerably large radius being created for this pitching movement, which makes any arch movement of the pressure needle guide negligible.
  • a reliable detection of the pressure needle guide in the respectively selected upper or lower adjustment path position is also achieved in that the anchor component is under the force of one or more springs in the two pressure needle adjustment directions.
  • the anchor component be acted upon in the area of the pressure needle drive assembly by means of a spiral spring and in the area facing the pressure abutment by means of a compression or tension spring.
  • the electromagnet therefore cancels the corresponding forces of the springs, the spiral spring helping to ensure a precisely defined axis of rotation for the armature component around its rear end bearing.
  • the pitching movements described are also increased in their precision in that the armature component is arranged between lateral guides. These guides ensure a largely low-friction and thus low-wear lateral mounting of the anchor component.
  • the electromagnetic coil is provided with a metallic magnetic core, which forms the working air gap with the armature component.
  • This design ensures that the working air gap is defined very precisely, which limits losses of the magnetic flux as far as possible, which in turn results in low currents for the application of the electromagnetic coil and thus prevents further heating of the matrix printhead beyond a permissible level.
  • This problem of heating is of particular importance that, as is well known in matrix printheads, further electromagnetic coils are present for each individual printing needle within the printing needle drive assembly and cause a certain, unavoidable heating of the matrix printhead.
  • the metallic magnetic core is mounted in an insulating material within the electromagnetic coil. This measure supports the formation of a bearing for the magnetic core, specifically in the sense of fixing the magnetic core so that it can practically not move and at the same time the aforementioned leakage losses of the magnetic flux are avoided.
  • the magnetic core of the electromagnetic coil forms the end bearing for the armature component in the area facing the pressure needle drive assembly.
  • the working air gap between the magnetic core and the armature component can be adjusted by means of an adjusting screw mounted on the housing of the pressure needle adjusting assembly.
  • the adjustment of the pressure needle guide is also improved for the adjustment path of the pressure needle guide in that the locking device for the anchor component consists of a stop limiting the adjustment path for the pressure needle guide and of the means for regulating the working air gap.
  • the housing for the pressure needle adjusting assembly consists of plastic and that the magnetic core of the electromagnetic coil is ultrasonically welded to a housing projection. This measure simplifies the fastening of the metallic magnetic core of the electromagnetic coil and makes special fastening means unnecessary.
  • the matrix print head with adjustable print needle guide lies opposite the platen 1, here designed as a platen roller.
  • the matrix print head according to the invention is divided into the print needle drive assembly 2 and the print needle adjustment assembly 3.
  • the structure of the pressure needle adjustment drive 4 will be described in more detail.
  • the pressure needle drive assembly 2 is enclosed by the housing 5 and essentially accommodates components such as the electromagnetic coil 7, yoke body 8, folding armature 9, stop 10, pressure needle head 11, return spring 12 and rear pressure needle bearing 13 associated with each pressure needle 6.
  • the structure of the print needle drive assembly 2 the task of which is to shoot off the existing print needles 6 in order to print printing dots on the recording medium 14, is not directly part of the present invention.
  • the fastening of the housing 5 to the housing 15 with the addition of the exchangeable inserts 16 is important for the invention 1 wear out and can be adjusted by removing one of the inserts 16, after which the printing needles 6 on the ruby 18 are reground to their appropriate length.
  • the printing needle adjusting drive 4 Located within the housing 15 for the printing needle adjusting assembly 3 is the printing needle adjusting drive 4, which extends approximately in parallel and extends in the longitudinal direction of the printing needles 6. This arrangement saves considerable space and adapts to the elongated shape of the housing 15.
  • the pressure needle adjustment assembly 3 also has the armature component 19, which also runs in parallel, the parallel-extending electromagnetic coil 20, a final bearing 21 for the armature component 19 and a locking device 22 for the armature component 19, the pressure needle guide 23 being adjustably mounted at the front end 19a.
  • the nine superimposed printing needles 6 are guided at their tip in the ruby 18, which itself is mounted in an enclosure and is connected to the anchor component 19.
  • the armature component 19 consists of a metal lever 24 which is rotatably supported at its end 19b.
  • the metal lever 24 is in one of the two pressure needle guide adjustment directions 25 and 26 under the force of the compression spring 27 and abuts the stop 28.
  • the anchor component lies with an angled section in a recess 29 and is secured in this position by the spiral spring 30.
  • Lateral guides 31 ensure movement in the desired plane.
  • the printing needles 6 are guided in the support planes 32, 33 and 34 in addition to the printing needle guide 23.
  • the insulating coil body 35 and the metallic magnetic core 36 are located inside the electromagnetic coil 20. At the front end 36a of the magnetic core 36, the magnetic core together with the armature component 19 forms the working air gap 37.
  • the angled section 19c of the anchor component 19 provides a favorable point of attack for the spiral spring 30.
  • the magnetic core 36 is located on the housing projection 38 made of plastic and is held by an ultrasonically welded fastening 39.
  • an adjusting screw 40 is arranged on the housing 15 of the pressure needle adjustment assembly 3, with which the working air gap 37 and thus the adjustment path of the pressure needle guide 23 can be set precisely.
  • the coil body 35 is provided with a projection 41, so that the adjusting screw 40, which is connected to the plastic housing 15, does not cause any scattering losses of the magnetic flux within the magnetic circuit (consisting of the magnetic core 36 and the armature component 19).

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Abstract

Such a matrix printer head with adjustable print wire guide (23), comprising a print wire drive assembly (2), arranged on the side remote from the print abutment (1), and a print wire adjustment assembly (3) facing the print abutment (1), is provided with a print wire adjustment drive (4). In order to permit the writing of letter-quality print by writing twice over one and the same line in oppositely running print passes with the required accuracy, a matrix printer head is provided in which, on the one hand, an adaptation of the print wire adjustment assembly (3) to the available print wires or their guides takes place and, on the other hand, the matrix printer head can be set extremely accurately with regard to the wire stroke, i.e. the advancement of each individual print wire, and with regard to the stroke length in the adjusting of the print wire guide (23), this extremely accurate setting being achieved by the print wire drive assembly (2) and the print wire adjustment assembly (3) in each case being arranged in a separate housing (5) and (15) respectively, by the two housings (5 and 15) being connected releasably to each other and by the print wire adjustment drive (4) being arranged so as to run approximately in the direction of the print wires (6) in the housing (15) of the print wire adjustment assembly (3). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Matrixdruckkopf mit verstellbarer Drucknadelführung, bestehend aus einer auf der zum Druckwiderlager abgewandten Seite angeordneten Drucknadelantriebsbaugruppe und aus einer dem Druckwiderlager zugewandten Drucknadelverstellbaugruppe, die einen Drucknadelverstellantrieb aufweist.The invention relates to a matrix print head with an adjustable pressure needle guide, consisting of a pressure needle drive assembly arranged on the side facing away from the pressure abutment and a pressure needle adjustment assembly facing the pressure abutment, which has a pressure needle adjustment drive.

Derartige Matrixdruckköpfe mit verstellbarer Drucknadelführung dienen dem Schreiben von Schnell- und/oder Schönschrift, wobei die Schnellschrift mit unveränderter Stellung der Drucknadelführung in aufeinanderfolgenden Zeilen von links nach rechts bzw. rechts nach links geschrieben wird, währenddem die Schönschrift bzw. eine relativ schnell geschriebene Schönschrift durch zweimaliges Überschreiben ein und derselben Zeile in gegenläufigen Druckpässen unter Verstellung der Drucknadelführung geschrieben wird. Hierbei besteht die Nadelspalte z.B. aus sieben bis neun Nadeln und kann somit einspaltig sein. Es ist selbstverständlich möglich, soweit der konstruktiv zur Verfügung stehende Raum im Matrixdruckkopf eine derartige Bauweise eröffnet, auch mehrere nebeneinanderliegende Nadelspalten mit jeweils sieben bis neun übereinander angeordneten Drucknadeln vorzusehen.Such matrix print heads with adjustable print needle guidance are used for writing quick and / or fine writing, whereby the quick writing with unchanged position of the printing needle guidance is written in successive lines from left to right or right to left, while the fine writing or a relatively quickly written fine writing is carried out by twice overwriting one and the same line is written in opposing pressure passes while adjusting the pressure needle guide. Here the needle gap is e.g. from seven to nine needles and can therefore be single column. It is of course possible, provided that the constructively available space in the matrix print head opens up such a construction, also to provide a plurality of adjacent needle gaps, each with seven to nine printing needles arranged one above the other.

Ein solcher Matrixdruckkopf mit verstellbarer Drucknadelführung ist bekannt (DE-OS 26 32 293), wobei der Druckkopf in zwei Spalten äquidistant angeordnete Druckdrähte aufweist und wobei die Druckdrahtspalten zueinander in vertikaler Richtung verschiebbar sind. Hierbei ist es bekannt, daß die Druckdrähte der Spalten jeweils auf einem Trägerelement angeordnet sind, von denen das eine fest auf dem Druckkopfschlitten und das andere blattfedergehalten am oberen Ende über eine elektromagnetisch oder manuell zu betätigende Nocke vertikal verschiebbar angeordnet ist.Such a matrix print head with adjustable print needle guide is known (DE-OS 26 32 293), the print head having print wires arranged equidistantly in two columns and the print wire columns being displaceable in the vertical direction with respect to one another. It is known that the pressure wires of the columns are each arranged on a carrier element, one of which is arranged vertically displaceably on the print head carriage and the other leaf spring-held at the upper end via an electromagnetically or manually operated cam.

Es ist ferner bekannt (DE-OS 30 41 877), den Matrixdruckkopf mit nur einer Drucknadelspalte zu versehen, die aus neun Drucknadeln besteht und für Schönschrift in hin- und herlaufenden Druckpässen (von links nach rechts bzw. von rechts nach links) das Mundstück, d.h. die Drucknadelführung um einen Betrag "x" zu verstellen und mit der Verstellung eine elektronische Änderung der Matrix-Einteilung innerhalb der Zeilenrichtung zu verbinden. Die hierzu gehörenden bekannten Ausführungsbeispiele der konstruktiven Gestaltung des Matrixdruckkopfes erweisen sich in der Praxis insofern als ungünstig, als grundsätzlich von zwei relativ zueinander höhenverstellbaren Drucknadelführungen ausgegangen wird, so daß in vielen Fällen zwei Elektromagnete erforderlich sind, um die Drucknadelführungen in ihre jeweilige Position zu bringen. Ein besonderer Nachteil der bekannten Lösung besteht jedoch darin, daß für ein, zwei oder mehrere Drucknadelführungen der Matrixdruckkopf im Bereich des Druckwiderlagers, d.h. an der Stelle, an der die Zeichen geschrieben werden, eine äußerst breite Bauform aufweist, so daß die.Einsichtnahme auf den schreibenden Druckkopf ungünstig ist, der Matrixdruckkopf relativ schwer wird und bestimmte konstruktive Schwierigkeiten für die gleichzeitige Anordnung der neun bzw. achtzehn Drucknadeln in Verbindung mit der Drucknadelverstellbaugruppe zu Schwierigkeiten führt.It is also known (DE-OS 30 41 877) to provide the matrix printhead with only one printing needle column, which consists of nine printing needles and for fine writing in reciprocating printing passes (from left to right or from right to left) the mouthpiece , ie to adjust the pressure needle guide by an amount "x" and to connect an electronic change in the matrix division within the line direction with the adjustment. The associated known exemplary embodiments of the constructive design of the matrix print head prove to be unfavorable in practice insofar as it is generally assumed that there are two pressure needle guides that are height-adjustable relative to each other, so that in many cases two electromagnets are required to bring the print needle guides into their respective positions. A particular disadvantage of the known solution is, however, that for one, two or more print needle guides, the matrix print head in the area of the print abutment, i.e. at the point where the characters are written, has an extremely wide design, so that the viewing of the writing printhead is unfavorable, the matrix printhead becomes relatively heavy and certain constructional difficulties for the simultaneous arrangement of the nine or eighteen printing needles in connection leads to difficulties with the pressure needle adjustment assembly.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Matrixdruckkopf zu schaffen, bei dem einerseits eine Anpassung der Drucknadelverstellbaugruppe an die vorhandenen Drucknadeln bzw. deren Führungen stattfindet und andererseits der Matrixdruckkopf hinsichtlich des Nadelhubs, d.h. des Vorschubs jeder einzelnen Drucknadel und hinsichtlich der Hubhöhe beim Verstellen der Drucknadelführung äußerst genau einstellbar ist, so daß die erwünschte Schönschriftqualität auch erreicht wird.The invention has for its object to provide a matrix printhead in which on the one hand an adaptation of the printing needle adjustment assembly to the existing printing needles or their guides takes place and on the other hand the matrix printhead with regard to the needle stroke, i.e. of the feed of each individual printing needle and with regard to the stroke height when adjusting the printing needle guide can be adjusted extremely precisely, so that the desired fine writing quality is also achieved.

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird bei dem eingangs bezeichneten Matrixdruckkopf erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Drucknadelantriebsbaugruppe und die Drucknadelverstellbaugruppe jeweils in einem getrennten Gehäuse angeordnet sind, daß die beiden Gehäuse miteinander lösbar verbunden sind und daß der Drucknadelverstellantrieb etwa in Richtung zu den Drucknadeln verlaufend im Gehäuse der Drucknadelverstellbaugruppe angeordnet ist. Hiermit paßt sich der Verstellantrieb für den Verstellhub der Drucknadelführung der Gehäuseform des Matrixdruckkopfes an, so daß bei gewöhnlichem Verlauf der langen Drucknadeln keinerlei konstruktive Schwierigkeiten entstehen, und andererseits ist vorteilhaft, daß bei Trennung des Gehäuses für die Drucknadelantriebsbaugruppe und die Drucknadelverstellbaugruppe eine Längeneinstellung der einzelnen Drucknadeln dann stattfinden kann, wenn sich ein entsprechender Verschleiß an den Druckflächen der Drucknadeln ergibt und eine solche Nachjustierung erforderlich wird.The stated object is achieved according to the invention in the matrix printhead mentioned at the outset in that the printing needle drive assembly and the printing needle adjustment assembly are each arranged in a separate housing, that the two housings are detachably connected to one another and that the printing needle adjustment drive runs approximately in the direction of the printing needles in the housing of the printing needle adjustment assembly is arranged. This adjusts the adjustment drive for the adjustment stroke of the printing needle guide to the housing shape of the matrix print head, so that there are no constructional difficulties with the normal course of the long printing needles, and on the other hand it is advantageous that when the housing for the printing needle drive assembly and the printing needle adjustment assembly is separated, a length adjustment of the individual printing needles is made can take place when there is a corresponding wear on the pressure surfaces of the printing needles and such a readjustment is necessary.

Eine solche Längenjustierung der in ihrer Länge ungleich abgenutzten Drucknadeln kann nach einer Verbesserung der Erfindung z.B. dahingehend vorgenommen werden, daß zwischen den Gehäusen der Drucknadelantriebsbaugruppe und der Drucknadelverstellbaugruppe austauschbare Beilagen angeordnet sind. Solche Beilagen können z.B. aus Distanzblechen einer solchen Dicke bestehen, die dem Nachstellweg der Drucknadeln bzw. deren Verschleiß entspricht.Such an adjustment of the length of the printing needles which are unevenly worn can, according to an improvement of the invention, e.g. be carried out in such a way that interchangeable inserts are arranged between the housings of the pressure needle drive assembly and the pressure needle adjustment assembly. Such inserts can e.g. consist of spacer plates of a thickness which corresponds to the adjustment path of the printing needles or their wear.

Eine vorteilhafte Anpassung der Gestalt und der Abmessung des Verstellantriebs für die Drucknadelführung an die herkömmliche Gestalt eines Matrixdruckkopfes wird insbesondere dadurch erzielt, daß die Drucknadelverstellbaugruppe aus einem sich in Längsrichtung zu den Drucknadeln erstreckenden Ankerbauteil einer sich parallel erstreckenden Elektromagnetspule, zumindest einem Endlager für den Ankerbauteil und aus einer Feststelleinrichtung für den Ankerbauteil besteht, wobei am vorderen Ende des Ankerbauteils die Drucknadelführung befestigt ist. Dieser sich in Längsrichtung erstreckende Ankerbauteil paßt sich dem Verlauf von neun übereinander angeordneten Drucknadeln bzw. auch von mehreren Drucknadelspalten ideal an, so daß der Matrixdruckkopf nur unwesentlich höher gebaut werden muß als sonst üblich. Vorteilhaft ist ferner, daß sich die Elektromagnetspule ebenfalls in Längsrichtung einbauen läßt und daß für den Ankerbauteil aus dieser grundsätzlichen Anordnung heraus der geforderte Verstellweg für die Drucknadelführung ergibt.An advantageous adaptation of the shape and the dimension of the adjustment drive for the printing needle guide to the conventional shape of a matrix print head is achieved in particular in that the printing needle adjustment assembly consists of an armature component extending in the longitudinal direction to the pressure needles, an electromagnet coil extending in parallel, at least one end bearing for the armature component and consists of a locking device for the anchor component, at the front end of the anchor component the pressure needle guide is attached. This armature component, which extends in the longitudinal direction, adapts ideally to the course of nine printing needles arranged one above the other or also of a plurality of printing needle gaps, so that the matrix print head only has to be built insignificantly higher than usual. It is also advantageous that the electromagnetic coil can also be installed in the longitudinal direction and that the required adjustment path for the pressure needle guide results from this basic arrangement for the armature component.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß der Ankerbauteil aus einem Metallhebel besteht, der in dem der Drucknadelantriebsbaugruppe zugewandten Bereich drehgelagert ist. Der Ankerbauteil kann daher vorteilhafterweise durch eine geringe Nickbewegung den Verstellweg für die Drucknadelführung durchlaufen, wobei ein erheblich großer Radius für diese Nickbewegung entsteht, die eine etwaige Bogenbewegung der Drucknadelführung vernachlässigbar klein macht.In a further development of the invention it is provided that the armature component consists of a metal lever which is rotatably supported in the area facing the pressure needle drive assembly. The anchor component can therefore advantageously run through the adjustment path for the pressure needle guide by a slight pitching movement, a considerably large radius being created for this pitching movement, which makes any arch movement of the pressure needle guide negligible.

Ein sicheres Feststellen der Drucknadelführung in der jeweils gewählten oberen oder unteren Verstellweglage wird außerdem dadurch erreicht, daß der Ankerbauteil in den beiden Drucknadel-Verstellrichtungen unter der Kraft von einer oder mehreren Federn steht.A reliable detection of the pressure needle guide in the respectively selected upper or lower adjustment path position is also achieved in that the anchor component is under the force of one or more springs in the two pressure needle adjustment directions.

In praktischer Ausführung dieses Gedankens wird ferner vorgeschlagen, daß der Ankerbauteil im Bereich der Drucknadelantriebsbaugruppe mittels einer Biegefeder und in dem dem Druckwiderlager zugewandten Bereich mittels einer Druck- oder Zugfeder beaufschlagt ist. Der Elektromagnet hebt daher jeweils die entsprechenden Kräfte der Federn auf, wobei die Biegefeder dazu beiträgt, eine genau definierte Drehachse für den Ankerbauteil um sein hinteres Endlager zu gewährleisten.In a practical embodiment of this idea, it is also proposed that the anchor component be acted upon in the area of the pressure needle drive assembly by means of a spiral spring and in the area facing the pressure abutment by means of a compression or tension spring. The electromagnet therefore cancels the corresponding forces of the springs, the spiral spring helping to ensure a precisely defined axis of rotation for the armature component around its rear end bearing.

Die beschriebenen Nickbewegungen werden außerdem in ihrer Präzision noch dadurch gesteigert, daß der Ankerbauteil zwischen seitlichen Führungen angeordnet ist. Diese Führungen sorgen für eine weitestgehend reibungsarme und somit verschleißarme seitliche Lagerung des Ankerbauteils.The pitching movements described are also increased in their precision in that the armature component is arranged between lateral guides. These guides ensure a largely low-friction and thus low-wear lateral mounting of the anchor component.

Eine andere Ausgestaltungsform der Erfindung sieht vor, daß die Elektromagnetspule mit einem metallischen Magnetkern versehen ist, der mit dem Ankerbauteil den Arbeitsluftspalt bildet. Diese Bauweise gewährleistet, den Arbeitsluftspalt sehr genau zu definieren, wodurch Verluste des magnetischen Flusses weitestgehend eingeschränkt werden, woraus sich wiederum niedrige Ströme für die Beaufschlagung der Elektromagnetspule ergeben und damit eine weitere Erwärmung des Matrixdruckkopfes über ein zulässiges Maß hinaus verhindert wird. Dieses Problem der Erwärmung Ist von besonderer Bedeutung, daß bekanntlich bei Matrixdruckköpfen weitere Elektromagnetspulen für jede einzelne Drucknadel innerhalb der Drucknadelantriebsbaugruppe vorhanden Ist und eine gewisse, nicht vermeidbare Erwärmung des Matrixdruckkopfes verursachen.Another embodiment of the invention provides that the electromagnetic coil is provided with a metallic magnetic core, which forms the working air gap with the armature component. This design ensures that the working air gap is defined very precisely, which limits losses of the magnetic flux as far as possible, which in turn results in low currents for the application of the electromagnetic coil and thus prevents further heating of the matrix printhead beyond a permissible level. This problem of heating is of particular importance that, as is well known in matrix printheads, further electromagnetic coils are present for each individual printing needle within the printing needle drive assembly and cause a certain, unavoidable heating of the matrix printhead.

In weiterer Verbesserung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß der metallische Magnetkern innerhalb der Elektromagnetspule in einem isolierenden Werkstoff gelagert ist. Diese Maßnahme unterstützt die Bildung eines Lagers für den Magnetkern, und zwar im Sinne einer Festlegung des Magnetkernes, so daß dieser praktisch keine Bewegung ausführen kann und gleichzeitig die erwähnten Streuverluste des magnetischen Flusses vermieden werden.In a further improvement of the invention it is provided that the metallic magnetic core is mounted in an insulating material within the electromagnetic coil. This measure supports the formation of a bearing for the magnetic core, specifically in the sense of fixing the magnetic core so that it can practically not move and at the same time the aforementioned leakage losses of the magnetic flux are avoided.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß der Magnetkern der Elektromagnetspule in dein der Drucknadelantriebsbaugruppe zugewandten Bereich das Endlager für den Ankerbauteil bildet. Diese Gestaltungsweise führt zu dem gewünschten Magnetflußkreis, ohne großen Raum für die kontruktive Unterbringung der Teile zu beanspruchen und ohne allzu große Streuverluste hinnehmen zu müssen.In a further development of the invention, it is provided that the magnetic core of the electromagnetic coil forms the end bearing for the armature component in the area facing the pressure needle drive assembly. This design leads to the desired magnetic flux circuit without taking up much space for the constructive placement of the parts and without having to accept excessive scattering losses.

In weiterer Verbesserung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß der Arbeitsluftspalt zwischen dem Magnetkern und dem Ankerbauteil mittels einer am Gehäuse der Drucknadelverstellbaugruppe gelagerten Einstellschraube einstellbar ist. Dieses Merkmal ist von erheblicher Bedeutung im Hinblick auf die Präzision, mit der die Hubverstellung der Drucknadelführung zwischen zwei Druckpässen, d.h. vor einem jeweiligen Vor- oder Rückdruckpaß vorgenommen werden muß, um die Schönschrift zu erzeugen.In a further improvement of the invention it is provided that the working air gap between the magnetic core and the armature component can be adjusted by means of an adjusting screw mounted on the housing of the pressure needle adjusting assembly. This feature is of considerable importance with regard to the precision with which the stroke adjustment of the pressure needle guide between two pressure passes, i.e. must be made before a respective pre-print or back-print pass in order to produce the fine print.

Die Justierung der Drucknadelführung wird außerdem dadurch für den Verstellweg der Drucknadelführung verbessert, indem die Feststelleinrichtung für den Ankerbauteil aus einem den Verstellweg für die Drucknadelführung begrenzenden Anschlag und aus den Mitteln für die Regulierung des Arbeitsluftspaltes besteht. Diese Maßnahmen legen daher die Endstellungen der Drucknadelführung sehr genau fest und lassen im praktischen Betrieb des Matrixdruckers eine äußerst genaue Justierung auf die Druckzeile zu.The adjustment of the pressure needle guide is also improved for the adjustment path of the pressure needle guide in that the locking device for the anchor component consists of a stop limiting the adjustment path for the pressure needle guide and of the means for regulating the working air gap. These measures therefore determine the end positions of the printing needle guide very precisely and, in practical operation of the matrix printer, allow an extremely precise adjustment to the printing line.

Fertigungstechnisch ist außerdem vorteilhaft, daß das Gehäuse für die Drucknadelverstellbaugruppe aus Kunststoff besteht und daß der Magnetkern der Elektromagnetspule an einem Gehäusevorsprung ultraschallverschweißt ist. Diese Maßnahme vereinfacht die Befestigung des metallischen Magnetkernes der Elektromagnetspule und macht besondere Befestigungsmittel entbehrlich.In terms of production technology, it is also advantageous that the housing for the pressure needle adjusting assembly consists of plastic and that the magnetic core of the electromagnetic coil is ultrasonically welded to a housing projection. This measure simplifies the fastening of the metallic magnetic core of the electromagnetic coil and makes special fastening means unnecessary.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher beschrieben. Die einzige Figur der Zeichnung zeigt einen axialen Längsschnitt durch die hintereinander angeordnete Drucknadelantriebsbaugruppe und Drucknadelverstellbaugruppe.An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and will be described in more detail below. The only figure in the drawing shows an axial longitudinal section through the pressure needle drive assembly and pressure needle adjustment assembly arranged one behind the other.

Der Matrixdruckkopf mit verstellbarer Drucknadelführung liegt dem Druckwiderlager 1, hier als Schreibwalze ausgeführt, gegenüber. Der erfindungsgemäße Matrixdruckkopf ist in die Drucknadelantriebsbaugruppe 2 und in die Drucknadelverstellbaugruppe 3 gegliedert. Der Drucknadelverstellantrieb 4 wird in seinem Aufbau noch genauer beschrieben werden. Die Drucknadelantriebsbaugruppe 2 wird durch das Gehäuse 5 umschlossen und nimmt im wesentlichen Bauteile, wie die jeder Drucknadel 6 zugeordnete Elektromagnetspule 7, Jochkörper 8, Klappanker 9, Anschlag 10, Drucknadelkopf 11, Rückholfeder 12 und hinteres Drucknadellager 13 auf. Der Aufbau der Drucknadelantriebsbaugruppe 2, deren Aufgabe es ist, die vorhandenen Drucknadeln 6 abzuschießen, um Druckpunkte auf dem Aufzeichnungsträger 14 abzudrucken, ist nicht unmittelbar Teil der vorliegenden Erfindung. Von Bedeutung für die Erfindung ist hingegen die Befestigung des Gehäuses 5 mit dem Gehäuse 15 unter Hinzufügung der austauschbaren Beilagen 16. Die Hereinnahme der austauschbaren Beilagen 16 stellt einen ersten Schritt zur genauen Justierung der Drucknadeln 6 dar, die in ihrer Länge im Bereich 17 des Druckwiderlagers 1 verschleißen und nachgestellt werden können, indem eine der Beilagen 16 entnommen, wonach die Drucknadeln 6 am Rubin 18 auf ihre zweckmäßige Länge nachgeschliffen werden.The matrix print head with adjustable print needle guide lies opposite the platen 1, here designed as a platen roller. The matrix print head according to the invention is divided into the print needle drive assembly 2 and the print needle adjustment assembly 3. The structure of the pressure needle adjustment drive 4 will be described in more detail. The pressure needle drive assembly 2 is enclosed by the housing 5 and essentially accommodates components such as the electromagnetic coil 7, yoke body 8, folding armature 9, stop 10, pressure needle head 11, return spring 12 and rear pressure needle bearing 13 associated with each pressure needle 6. The structure of the print needle drive assembly 2, the task of which is to shoot off the existing print needles 6 in order to print printing dots on the recording medium 14, is not directly part of the present invention. On the other hand, the fastening of the housing 5 to the housing 15 with the addition of the exchangeable inserts 16 is important for the invention 1 wear out and can be adjusted by removing one of the inserts 16, after which the printing needles 6 on the ruby 18 are reground to their appropriate length.

Innerhalb des Gehäuses 15 für die Drucknadelverstellbaugruppe 3 befindet sich der Drucknadelverstellantrieb 4, der sich etwa parallel erstreckend und in der Längsrichtung der Drucknadeln 6 verlaufend angeordnet ist. Diese Anordnung erspart erheblich an Raum und paßt sich an die langgestreckte Form des Gehäuses 15 an.Located within the housing 15 for the printing needle adjusting assembly 3 is the printing needle adjusting drive 4, which extends approximately in parallel and extends in the longitudinal direction of the printing needles 6. This arrangement saves considerable space and adapts to the elongated shape of the housing 15.

Die Drucknadelverstellbaugruppe 3 weist ferner den ebenfalls parallel verlaufenden Ankerbauteil 19 auf, die sich parallel erstreckende Elektromagnetspule 20, ein Endlager 21 für den Ankerbauteil 19 sowie eine Feststelleinrichtung 22 für den Ankerbauteil 19, wobei am vorderen Ende 19a die Drucknadelführung 23 verstellbar gelagert ist. Die neun übereinanderliegenden Drucknadeln 6 sind an ihrer Spitze in dem Rubin 18 geführt, der selbst in einer Einfassung gelagert ist und mit dem Ankerbauteil 19 verbunden ist. Der Ankerbauteil 19 besteht aus einem Metallhebel 24, der an seinem Ende 19b drehgelagert ist. Der Metallhebel 24 steht in einer der beiden Drucknadelführung-Verstellrichtungen 25 und 26 unter der Kraft der Druckfeder 27 und liegt an dem Anschlag 28 an. Am Ende 19b liegt der Ankerbauteil mit einem abgewinkelten Abschnitt in einer Ausnehmung 29 und wird in dieser Lage durch die Biegefeder 30 gesichert. Seitliche Führungen 31 sorgen für eine Bewegung in der gewünschten Ebene.The pressure needle adjustment assembly 3 also has the armature component 19, which also runs in parallel, the parallel-extending electromagnetic coil 20, a final bearing 21 for the armature component 19 and a locking device 22 for the armature component 19, the pressure needle guide 23 being adjustably mounted at the front end 19a. The nine superimposed printing needles 6 are guided at their tip in the ruby 18, which itself is mounted in an enclosure and is connected to the anchor component 19. The armature component 19 consists of a metal lever 24 which is rotatably supported at its end 19b. The metal lever 24 is in one of the two pressure needle guide adjustment directions 25 and 26 under the force of the compression spring 27 and abuts the stop 28. At the end 19b, the anchor component lies with an angled section in a recess 29 and is secured in this position by the spiral spring 30. Lateral guides 31 ensure movement in the desired plane.

Die Drucknadeln 6 sind außer in der Drucknadelführung 23 in den Stützebenen 32, 33 und 34 geführt.The printing needles 6 are guided in the support planes 32, 33 and 34 in addition to the printing needle guide 23.

Innerhalb der Elektromagnetspule 20 befindet sich der isolierende Spulenkörper 35 und in dessen Innenraum der metallische Magnetkern 36. An dem vorderen Ende 36a des Magnetkerns 36 bildet der Magnetkern zusammen mit dem Ankerbauteil 19 den Arbeitsluftspalt 37.The insulating coil body 35 and the metallic magnetic core 36 are located inside the electromagnetic coil 20. At the front end 36a of the magnetic core 36, the magnetic core together with the armature component 19 forms the working air gap 37.

Der abgewinkelte Abschnitt 19c des Ankerbauteils 19 ergibt eine günstige Angriffsstelle für die Biegefeder 30. Der Magnetkern 36 befindet sich an dem Gehäusevorsprung 38 aus Kunststoff und ist durch.eine ultraschall verschweißte Befestigung 39 gehalten.The angled section 19c of the anchor component 19 provides a favorable point of attack for the spiral spring 30. The magnetic core 36 is located on the housing projection 38 made of plastic and is held by an ultrasonically welded fastening 39.

Zur Einjustierung des Ankerbauteils 19 und damit der Drucknadelführung 23 als zweiten Schritt für die Genauigkeit des Schriftbildes ist eine Einstellschraube 40 auf dein Gehäuse 15 der Drucknadelverstellbaugruppe 3 angeordnet, womit der Arbeitsluftspalt 37 und damit der Verstellweg der Drucknadelführung 23 präzise eingestellt werden können. Der Spulenkörper 35 ist mit einem Vorsprung 41 versehen, so daß auch die mit dem aus Kunststoff bestehenden Gehäuse 15 in Verbindung stehende Einstellschraube 40 keine Streuverluste des Magnetflusses innerhalb des Magnetkreises (bestehend aus dem Magnetkern 36 und dem Ankerbauteil 19) verursacht.To adjust the armature component 19 and thus the pressure needle guide 23 as a second step for the accuracy of the typeface, an adjusting screw 40 is arranged on the housing 15 of the pressure needle adjustment assembly 3, with which the working air gap 37 and thus the adjustment path of the pressure needle guide 23 can be set precisely. The coil body 35 is provided with a projection 41, so that the adjusting screw 40, which is connected to the plastic housing 15, does not cause any scattering losses of the magnetic flux within the magnetic circuit (consisting of the magnetic core 36 and the armature component 19).

Claims (13)

1. Matrixdruckkopf mit verstellbarer Drucknadelführung, bestehend aus einer auf der zum Druckwiderlager abgewandten Seite angeordneten Drucknadelantriebsbaugruppe und aus einer dem Druckwiderlager zugewandten Drucknadelverstellbaugruppe, die einen Drucknadelverstellantrieb aufweist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Drucknadelantriebsbaugruppe (2) und die Drucknadelverstellbaugruppe (3) jeweils in einem getrennten.Gehäuse (5 bzw. 15) angeordnet sind, daß die beiden Gehäuse (5 bzw. 15) miteinander lösbar verbunden sind und daß der Drucknadelverstellantrieb (4) etwa in Richtung zu den Drucknadeln (6) verlaufend im Gehäuse (15) der Drucknadelverstellbaugruppe (3) angeordnet ist.1. matrix printhead with adjustable print needle guide, consisting of a print needle drive assembly arranged on the side facing away from the pressure abutment and of a print needle adjustment assembly facing the pressure abutment, which has a print needle adjustment drive,
characterized,
that the pressure needle drive assembly (2) and the pressure needle adjustment assembly (3) are each arranged in a separate housing (5 and 15), that the two housings (5 and 15) are detachably connected to each other and that the pressure needle adjustment drive (4) is approximately in The direction of the printing needles (6) is arranged in the housing (15) of the printing needle adjusting assembly (3). 2. Matrixdruckkopf nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß zwischen den Gehäusen (5 bzw. 15) der Drucknadelantriebsbaugruppe (2) und der Drucknndelverstellbaugruppe (3) austauschbare Beilagen (16) angeordnet sind.2. matrix print head according to claim 1,
characterized,
that interchangeable shims (16) are arranged between the housings (5 and 15) of the pressure needle drive assembly (2) and the pressure needle adjustment assembly (3). 3. Matrixdruckkopf nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Drucknadelverstellbaugruppe (3) aus einem sich in Längsrichtung zu den Drucknadeln (6) erstreckenden Ankerbauteil (19), einer sich parallel erstreckenden Elektromagnetspule (20), zumindest einem Endlager (21) für den Ankerbauteil (19) und aus einer Feststelleinrichtung (22) für den Ankerbauteil (19) besteht, wobei am vorderen Ende (19a) des Ankerbauteils (19) die Drucknadelführung (23) befestigt ist.3. matrix print head according to claims 1 and 2,
characterized,
that the pressure needle adjusting assembly (3) consists of an armature component (19) extending in the longitudinal direction to the pressure needles (6), an electromagnet coil (20) extending in parallel, at least one end bearing (21) for the armature component (19) and from a locking device (22 ) for the anchor component (19), the pressure needle guide (23) being attached to the front end (19a) of the anchor component (19). 4. Matrixdruckkopf nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Ankerbauteil (19) aus einem Metallhebel (24) besteht, der in dem der Drucknadelantriebsbaugruppe (2) zugewandten Bereich drehgelagert ist.4. matrix print head according to claims 1 to 3,
characterized,
that the armature component (19) consists of a metal lever (24) which is rotatably supported in the area facing the pressure needle drive assembly (2). 5. Matrixdruckkopf nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Ankerbauteil (19) in den beiden Drucknadel-Yerstellrichtungen (25,26) unter der Kraft von einer oder mehreren Federn (27) steht.5. matrix print head according to claims 1 to 4,
characterized,
that the armature component (19) in the two pressure needle adjustment directions (25, 26) is under the force of one or more springs (27). 6. Matrixdruckkopf nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Ankerbauteil (19) im Bereich der Drucknadelantriebsbaugruppe (2) mittels einer Biegefeder (30) und in dem dem Druckwiderlager (1) zugewandten Bereich mittels einer Druck- oder Zugfeder (27) beaufschlagt ist.6. matrix print head according to claims 1 to 5,
characterized,
that the armature component (19) is acted upon in the area of the pressure needle drive assembly (2) by means of a spiral spring (30) and in the area facing the pressure abutment (1) by means of a compression or tension spring (27). 7. Matrixdruckkopf nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Ankerbauteil (19) zwischen seitlichen Führungen (31) angeordnet ist.7. matrix printhead according to claims 1 to 6,
characterized,
that the armature component (19) is arranged between lateral guides (31). 8. Matrixdruckkopf nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Elektromagnetspule (20) mit einem metallischen Magnetkern (36) versehen ist, der mit dem Ankerbauteil (19) den Arbeitsluftspalt (37) bildet.8. matrix print head according to claims 1 to 7,
characterized,
that the electromagnetic coil (20) is provided with a metallic magnetic core (36) which forms the working air gap (37) with the armature component (19). 9. Matrixdruckkopf nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der metallische Magnetkern (36) innerhalb der Elektromagnetspule (20) in einem isolierenden Werkstoff gelagert ist.9. matrix print head according to claims 1 to 8,
characterized,
that the metallic magnetic core (36) is mounted inside the electromagnetic coil (20) in an insulating material. 10. Matrixdruckkopf nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Magnetkern (36) der Elektromagnetspule (20) in dem der Drucknadelantriebsbaugruppe (2) zugewandten Bereich das Endlager (21) für den Ankerbauteil (19) bildet.10. matrix print head according to claims 1 to 9,
characterized,
that the magnetic core (36) of the electromagnetic coil (20) forms the end bearing (21) for the armature component (19) in the area facing the push-pin drive assembly (2). 11. Mdtrixdruckkopf nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Arbeitsluftspalt (37) zwischen dem Magnetkern (36) und dem Ankerbauteil (19) mittels einer am Gehäuse (15) der Drucknadelverstellbaugruppe (3) gelagerten Einstellschraube (40) einstellbar ist.11. M d trix print head according to claims 1 to 10,
characterized,
that the working air gap (37) between the magnetic core (36) and the armature component (19) is adjustable by means of an adjusting screw (40) mounted on the housing (15) of the pressure needle adjusting assembly (3). 12. Matrixdruckkopf nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 11,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Feststelleinrichtung (22) für den Ankerbauteil (19) aus einem den Verstellweg für die Drucknadelführung (23) begrenzenden Anschlag (28) und aus den Mitteln für die Regulierung des Arbeitsluftspaltes (37) besteht.12. matrix print head according to claims 1 to 11,
characterized,
that the fixing device (22) for the armature component (19) consists of a stop (28) limiting the adjustment path for the pressure needle guide (23) and of the means for regulating the working air gap (37). 13. Matrixdruckkopf nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 12,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Gehäuse (15) für die Drucknadelverstellbaugruppe (3) aus Kunststoff besteht und daß der Magnetkern (36) der Elektromagnetspule (20) an einem Gehäusevorsprung (38) ultraschallverschweißt ist.13. matrix print head according to claims 1 to 12,
characterized,
that the housing (15) for the Drucknadelverstellbaugruppe (3) consists of plastic and that the magnetic core (36) of the electromagnetic coil (20) is ultrasonically welded to a housing projection (38).
EP84730139A 1984-02-01 1984-12-13 Matrix printer head with adjustable print wire guide Expired - Lifetime EP0150663B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84730139T ATE73394T1 (en) 1984-02-01 1984-12-13 MATRIX PRINT HEAD WITH ADJUSTABLE NEEDLE GUIDE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3403795A DE3403795C2 (en) 1984-02-01 1984-02-01 Matrix needle printhead with a mouthpiece that can be adjusted in the direction of the columns
DE3403795 1984-02-01

Publications (3)

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EP0150663A2 true EP0150663A2 (en) 1985-08-07
EP0150663A3 EP0150663A3 (en) 1986-12-03
EP0150663B1 EP0150663B1 (en) 1992-03-11

Family

ID=6226705

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84730139A Expired - Lifetime EP0150663B1 (en) 1984-02-01 1984-12-13 Matrix printer head with adjustable print wire guide

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0150663B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS60165256A (en)
AT (1) ATE73394T1 (en)
DE (3) DE3403795C2 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0150663A3 (en) 1986-12-03
EP0150663B1 (en) 1992-03-11
DE3403795C2 (en) 1986-12-18
JPS60165256A (en) 1985-08-28
DE3412854A1 (en) 1985-10-03
ATE73394T1 (en) 1992-03-15
DE3485577D1 (en) 1992-04-16
JPH0432744B2 (en) 1992-06-01
DE3412854C2 (en) 1987-11-19
DE3403795A1 (en) 1985-08-08

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