EP0143775B1 - Projectile perforant sous-calibré et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents
Projectile perforant sous-calibré et son procédé de fabrication Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0143775B1 EP0143775B1 EP84890215A EP84890215A EP0143775B1 EP 0143775 B1 EP0143775 B1 EP 0143775B1 EP 84890215 A EP84890215 A EP 84890215A EP 84890215 A EP84890215 A EP 84890215A EP 0143775 B1 EP0143775 B1 EP 0143775B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- penetrator
- area
- tip
- deformation
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
- F42B12/06—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with hard or heavy core; Kinetic energy penetrators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
- F42B14/06—Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor
- F42B14/061—Sabots for long rod fin stabilised kinetic energy projectiles, i.e. multisegment sabots attached midway on the projectile
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sub-caliber penetrator for a sabot projectile consisting essentially of heavy metal, such as tungsten heavy metal or uranium, in particular depleted uranium, the body of the penetrator being formed in one piece from its tip region to its rear region, and to methods for producing one such penetrators.
- a depleted uranium is understood to be a natural uranium depleted of 235 U, which accumulates as a residue when enriching natural uranium.
- the penetrator which is essentially arrow-shaped and has a much smaller diameter than the gun barrel, is surrounded by a larger diameter cage, which is also referred to as a sabot, through which the projectile is guided in the gun barrel.
- a larger diameter cage which is also referred to as a sabot.
- the sabot detaches from the penetrator. Since the area on which the propellant charge acts is considerably enlarged by the propellant cage, it is possible to transmit very large propellant forces to the penetrator.
- the exit speed of the penetrator at the end of the gun barrel can be 1 000-3 500 m / s. Since the penetrator is made of heavy metal, its impact force is very high and such penetrators therefore have an armor-piercing effect.
- the penetrator must have great strength or hardness. This great strength, which enables the penetrator to penetrate the armor, again results in a great brittleness of the penetrator in the known penetrators.
- shock-like forces arise when the penetrator penetrates through the armor, which, given the brittleness of the material of the penetrator, entails a risk of breakage, which primarily affects the central area thereof. It has therefore been shown that the shaft of the penetrator often breaks. In this case the kinetic energy of the back part of the shaft of the penetrator is lost and the tip of the penetrator does not get through the armor.
- GB-A-1 514 908 discloses a full-caliber armor-piercing projectile sintered from tungsten, the diameter of which corresponds to the inside diameter of the barrel and which can be guided in the barrel with swirl and having guide rings.
- this known projectile has great strength in its tip and great toughness and therefore low strength in its rear region and middle region.
- the diameter is very small in relation to its length.
- the propellants When fired, the propellants now act on the relatively weak rear part and if this rear part is as soft as the middle part, there is a risk of the rear part being crushed, which on the one hand affects the external ballistic properties of the penetrator and on the other hand also the risk of the same being jammed in the Sabot exists, so that the release of the sabot is hindered when leaving the barrel.
- the object of the invention is to reduce the risk of breakage of a penetrator and thus to improve the penetration effect of the penetrator without impairing the mechanical properties when fired.
- the invention consists essentially in the fact that the penetrator, as is known from GB-A-1 514908, has high strength and low toughness in its tip area and lower strength and greater toughness in its middle area than in its tip area and that the penetrator has a greater strength and less toughness in its rear area than in its central area, but a lower strength and greater toughness than in its tip area.
- the strength of the tip with the greater strength being accompanied by greater hardness, is essential for penetration of the penetrator into armor and this strength is maintained.
- the risk of breakage in the known penetrators mainly existed in the central area of the penetrator.
- this central region has a lower strength and, due to this lower strength, a greater toughness, a risk of breakage is avoided or at least reduced in this region. It is thus ensured that the kinetic energy of the rear part of the penetrator is maintained for the penetration effect, and penetration of the penetrator through the entire armor is therefore at least promoted.
- the propellant gases result in a very high load on the rear area of the penetrator. If this rear area of the penetrator is now just as tough and therefore soft as is required for the central area to avoid the risk of breakage, a squeeze in the rear area can occur under the effect of the propellant gases.
- a such squeezing affects the external ballistic properties of the penetrator and disrupts the trajectory. Apart from this, such a crushing can also disrupt the detachment of the penetrator from the sabot when leaving the barrel, as a result of which the trajectory of the penetrator is changed as soon as it is fired. All of these moments affect the accuracy of the penetrator. However, the fact that the rear region of the penetrator has a greater strength than the central region ensures that the rear part withstands the stress caused by the propellant gases when it is fired.
- the strength in the rear part is lower and therefore the toughness is greater than in the tip area, such chipping in the rear part is avoided.
- the strength can increase up to 1 300 N / mm 2 in the rear area, for example, whereby the toughness decreases.
- At least one pre-core can be connected to the tip region of the penetrator. This pre-core penetrates the armor first.
- the penetrator After the first penetration path has been covered, the penetrator is not stuck in the punched hole, but at the beginning of the penetration path only the preliminary core or the preliminary cores have penetrated into the armor.
- the penetrator persists in its direction due to its inertia, but tilting moments still occur which, however, since the penetrator is not stuck in the hole, cannot lead to a break in the tip region of the penetrator.
- the front cores detach from the penetrator without exerting a lateral moment on the penetrator. After a hole has already been punched using the front cores, lateral forces do not occur when the penetrator penetrates further.
- the pre-core should penetrate the armor and therefore the pre-core must also have great strength.
- the pre-core expediently consists of the same material as the tip area of the penetrator, and preferably this pre-core has at least the same hardness as the tip area of the penetrator. This ensures the penetration effect of the pre-cores.
- the pre-core is expediently supported at the front end of the penetrator against the acceleration force.
- the front core is supported at the front end of the penetrator.
- the pre-core should only be connected to the penetrator to such an extent that the connection is sufficient for transport and flight.
- the connection of the pre-core from the penetrator should not be hindered, so that side moments are avoided. It is even sufficient to connect the pre-core to the penetrator using a rubber cord.
- the pre-core is expediently covered by a slippery hood attached to the front end of the penetrator.
- This cover is inexpensive for ballistic reasons.
- the cover can be formed, for example, by a slippery hood made of aluminum.
- the slippery hood is screwed onto the front end of the penetrator and the preliminary core is supported on the hood with the interposition of a rubber ring.
- the arrangement can be made so that at least two pre-cores are connected to the front end of the penetrator, the front pre-core having a smaller diameter than the rear pre-core and the rear pre-core having a smaller diameter than the end face of the penetrator so that the rear pre-core passes through an edge bead is centered on the end face of the penetrator and the front pre-core is centered by an edge bead on the end face of the rear pre-core and that the front pre-core is supported against the wind-slipping hood with the interposition of a rubber ring.
- a penetrator according to the invention can be produced in a manner known per se by sintering, the composition of the sintered powder being able to be selected differently in the different strength ranges of the penetrator.
- a penetrator which consists essentially of tungsten heavy metal, can be sintered, for example, from a powdery mixture of tungsten heavy metal and addition metals such as iron, nickel, manganese, copper, cobalt and molybdenum, manganese-iron alloy, individually or in groups, the proportion of the additional metals in those areas of the sintered mold which correspond to the areas of lower strength of the penetrator is increased.
- the invention also relates to special processes for the production of a penetrator for a sabot projectile consisting essentially of heavy metal, such as tungsten heavy metal or uranium, in particular depleted uranium, the body of which penetrates from its tip region to its rear region lig is formed and in its tip area a high strength and low toughness, in a central area of its length a lower strength and greater toughness than in its tip area and in the rear area greater strength and less toughness than in its central area, but less strength and has a greater toughness than in its tip area.
- heavy metal such as tungsten heavy metal or uranium, in particular depleted uranium
- the body of the penetrator can be cold forged from a blank which has a larger cross section in the areas which correspond to the areas of greater strength of the penetrator than in the areas which correspond to the areas of lower strength of the penetrator . Since the penetrator should have the same cross section in its finished final state, the cold deformation takes place in the areas of greater strength and lower toughness with a greater degree of deformation than in the areas of greater toughness and lower strength.
- the penetrator consists essentially of tungsten heavy metal
- cold forging in the tip region of the penetrator can be carried out with a degree of deformation of up to 30% and cold forging in the rear region of the penetrator with a degree of deformation of up to 20%.
- the penetrator is cold forged in the tip region of the penetrator with a degree of deformation of 6-20%, in the middle region with a degree of deformation of 2-12% and in the rear region with a degree of deformation of 4-16%.
- a blank which is homogeneous over its length and is made of a homogeneous alloy of 90-99% tungsten heavy metal, the rest iron, nickel, copper, manganese, cobalt, molybdenum, individually or in groups, is preferably used. In these cases, the differences in strength are only achieved through the degree of deformation. However, a blank sintered from tungsten heavy metal and additional metals can be used, which contains a greater content of additional metals in the areas of lower strength and greater toughness. If the cold forging is carried out with a greater degree of deformation in the areas of the blank in which the proportion of heavy tungsten metal is greater and the proportion of addition metal is smaller, an even greater strength is achieved by the degree of deformation. According to the invention, the penetrator is expediently subjected to annealing at 800-1 550 ° C. after cold forging.
- the different strength values in the different areas can be generated by different partial heat treatment in these areas.
- the penetrator is produced from a uranium alloy containing approximately 0.7% titanium and in the tip region at a temperature of 400-600 ° C. preferably 400-500 ° C, in the middle range at a temperature of 180-300 ° C, preferably 180-220 ° C. and partially heat-treated in the rear area at a temperature of 350-450 ° C, preferably 350-400 ° C.
- the penetrator is made from a depleted uranium alloy containing approximately 2% molybdenum and in the tip region at a temperature of 350-400 ° C., in the middle region at a temperature of 520-670 ° C., preferably 520-570 ° C, and partially heat-treated in the rear area at a temperature of 400-550 ° C, preferably 400-450 ° C. There may also be gradual transitions between the areas of different strengths.
- the molding from the uranium alloy in question can be cast or sintered.
- a penetrator made of depleted uranium can also be further solidified by cold working.
- a uranium penetrator can therefore be cold-forged from a uranium blank which has been assembled and heat-treated in accordance with the invention and which has a larger cross-section in the areas which correspond to the areas of greater strength of the penetrator than in the areas which have smaller areas Correspond to the strength of the penetrator.
- cold forging in the tip region of the penetrator can be carried out with a degree of deformation of up to 30% and cold forging in the central and rear region of the penetrator with a degree of deformation of 2-12%.
- Cold forging is expediently carried out in the tip area with a degree of deformation of 6-20%, in the middle area with a degree of deformation of 2-12% and in the rear area with a degree of deformation of 4-16%.
- the penetrator consisting of uranium, in particular depleted uranium, is heat-treated after the cold forging at a temperature of 300-800 ° C.
- a heat treatment which is also referred to as recrystallization annealing, continuous transitions between the areas of different strength can be achieved and in this way metallurgical notches between these areas are avoided.
- the invention is schematically illustrated in the drawing.
- Fig. 1 shows an example of a sabot projectile with penetrator and sabot, the penetrator being shown in axial section.
- Fig. 2 shows a diagram of the strength and toughness of a penetrator over the length of the same.
- 3 shows an example of cold forging a penetrator with a diagram of the degree of forging over the length of the penetrator.
- Fig. 4 shows a penetrator made of uranium alloys. 5 shows a penetrator with a pre-core.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Fish Paste Products (AREA)
- Jib Cranes (AREA)
- Replacement Of Web Rolls (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
- Drilling Tools (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Claims (22)
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT4114/83 | 1983-11-23 | ||
AT411483 | 1983-11-23 | ||
AT132384 | 1984-04-19 | ||
AT1324/84 | 1984-04-19 | ||
AT1323/84 | 1984-04-19 | ||
AT132484 | 1984-04-19 | ||
AT1774/84 | 1984-05-29 | ||
AT177484 | 1984-05-29 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0143775A2 EP0143775A2 (fr) | 1985-06-05 |
EP0143775A3 EP0143775A3 (en) | 1986-06-25 |
EP0143775B1 true EP0143775B1 (fr) | 1989-01-11 |
Family
ID=27421498
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP84890215A Expired EP0143775B1 (fr) | 1983-11-23 | 1984-11-14 | Projectile perforant sous-calibré et son procédé de fabrication |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4665828A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0143775B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE40006T1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR8405954A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE3476117D1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES8606037A1 (fr) |
IL (1) | IL73583A (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3929015A1 (de) * | 1989-09-01 | 1991-03-14 | Diehl Gmbh & Co | Unterkalibriges uebungsgeschoss |
DE202015004089U1 (de) | 2015-06-02 | 2015-08-04 | Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertreten durch das Bundesministerium der Verteidigung, dieses vertreten durch das Bundesamt für Ausrüstung, Informationstechnik und Nutzung der Bundeswehr | Penetrator |
Families Citing this family (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3634433A1 (de) * | 1986-10-09 | 1988-04-14 | Diehl Gmbh & Co | Einlage fuer hohlladungen bzw. penetratoren oder wuchtkoerper fuer geschosse |
DE3705382A1 (de) * | 1987-02-20 | 1988-09-01 | Diehl Gmbh & Co | Penetrator und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
US4722825A (en) * | 1987-07-01 | 1988-02-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Method of fabricating a metal/ceramic composite structure |
DE3723909C2 (de) * | 1987-07-18 | 1994-12-08 | Rheinmetall Gmbh | Penetrator |
FR2633205B1 (fr) * | 1988-06-22 | 1992-04-30 | Cime Bocuze | Procede de mise en forme directe et d'optimisation des caracteristiques mecaniques de projectiles perforants en alliage de tungstene a haute densite |
DE3821474C1 (de) * | 1988-06-25 | 1998-08-27 | Nwm De Kruithoorn Bv | Unterkalibriges, drallstabilisiertes Mehrzweckgeschoß |
US5078054A (en) * | 1989-03-14 | 1992-01-07 | Olin Corporation | Frangible projectile |
US4940404A (en) * | 1989-04-13 | 1990-07-10 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Method of making a high velocity armor penetrator |
DE3926711C2 (de) * | 1989-08-12 | 1995-12-07 | Rheinmetall Ind Gmbh | Geschoß mit Innenraum |
DE3932383C2 (de) * | 1989-09-28 | 1995-01-05 | Rheinmetall Gmbh | Geschoßkörper |
FR2664039B1 (fr) * | 1990-07-02 | 1994-09-23 | Sauvestre Jean Claude | Alliages mixtes organiques-metalliques pour realisation de projectiles. |
DE4023482A1 (de) * | 1990-07-24 | 1992-01-30 | Rheinmetall Gmbh | Unterkalibriges wuchtgeschoss |
DE19619341C2 (de) * | 1996-05-14 | 1999-11-11 | Rheinmetall W & M Gmbh | Unterkalibriges Wuchtgeschoß und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
CZ20032719A3 (cs) * | 2001-03-13 | 2004-03-17 | Robert Frederick Bunney | Palná zbraň |
US6840149B2 (en) * | 2001-05-15 | 2005-01-11 | Doris Nebel Beal Inter Vivos Patent Trust | In-situ formation of cap for ammunition projectile |
US7243588B2 (en) * | 2001-05-15 | 2007-07-17 | Doris Nebel Beal Inter Vivos Patent Trust | Power-based core for ammunition projective |
DE10231777A1 (de) * | 2002-07-13 | 2004-02-05 | Diehl Munitionssysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wolfram-Basismaterials und Verwendung desselben |
US20040055501A1 (en) * | 2002-09-20 | 2004-03-25 | Hunn David L. | Penetrator and method for using same |
FR2987891B1 (fr) * | 2012-03-06 | 2014-09-26 | Nexter Munitions | Projectile sous calibre a structure de tete amenagee |
DE102013212528A1 (de) * | 2013-06-27 | 2014-12-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Stahlformkörpers |
DE102015117018A1 (de) * | 2015-10-06 | 2017-04-06 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Penetrator sowie unterkalibriges Geschoss |
DE102020120747A1 (de) * | 2020-08-06 | 2022-02-10 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Penetrator, Verwendung eines Penetrators und Geschoss |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR363305A (fr) * | 1906-02-15 | 1906-07-26 | Elias Mattison Johnson | Projectile d'artillerie pour perforer les cuirasses, et son mode de fabrication |
FR829623A (fr) * | 1937-10-05 | 1938-07-01 | Acieries De Champagnole | Procédé d'établissement de projectiles à grande puissance de perforation et produits nouveaux en résultant |
US2401483A (en) * | 1940-07-31 | 1946-06-04 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Projectile and method of making the same |
US2393648A (en) * | 1942-02-20 | 1946-01-29 | Carl A Martin | Projectile |
US2435095A (en) * | 1942-06-24 | 1948-01-27 | Harry J Nichols | Projectile |
FR1231010A (fr) * | 1950-12-29 | 1960-09-26 | Cie Ind Des Metaux Electroniqu | Projectiles à corps ou noyau composite et leur procédé de fabrication |
US2922366A (en) * | 1956-05-22 | 1960-01-26 | Lyon George Albert | Projectile nose structure |
FR1212390A (fr) * | 1959-05-26 | 1960-03-23 | Emploi de nouveaux matériaux pour éléments de munitions et procédés d'obtention de ces éléments | |
US3302570A (en) * | 1965-07-23 | 1967-02-07 | Walter G Finch | Armor piercing, fragmenting and incendiary projectile |
US3880083A (en) * | 1967-05-19 | 1975-04-29 | Us Army | Bimetallic mass stabilized flechette |
LU56486A1 (fr) * | 1968-07-15 | 1969-05-21 | ||
BE794801A (fr) * | 1972-01-31 | 1973-07-31 | Int Nickel Ltd | Procede de recuit en zones d'alliages |
GB1514908A (en) * | 1974-01-22 | 1978-06-21 | Mallory Metallurg Prod Ltd | Armour piercing projectiles |
CH627549A5 (de) * | 1977-11-28 | 1982-01-15 | Oerlikon Buehrle Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung eines panzerbrechenden geschosses. |
FR2490805B1 (fr) * | 1980-09-23 | 1985-10-31 | France Etat | Projectile empenne du type fleche |
US4458599A (en) * | 1981-04-02 | 1984-07-10 | Gte Products Corporation | Frangible tungsten penetrator |
DE3209593A1 (de) * | 1982-03-17 | 1983-09-29 | Rheinmetall GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf | Unterkalibriges panzerbrechendes wuchtgeschoss (penetrator) |
US4428295A (en) * | 1982-05-03 | 1984-01-31 | Olin Corporation | High density shot |
-
1984
- 1984-11-14 DE DE8484890215T patent/DE3476117D1/de not_active Expired
- 1984-11-14 EP EP84890215A patent/EP0143775B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1984-11-14 AT AT84890215T patent/ATE40006T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-11-21 IL IL73583A patent/IL73583A/xx unknown
- 1984-11-22 ES ES537862A patent/ES8606037A1/es not_active Expired
- 1984-11-22 BR BR8405954A patent/BR8405954A/pt unknown
- 1984-11-23 US US06/674,170 patent/US4665828A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3929015A1 (de) * | 1989-09-01 | 1991-03-14 | Diehl Gmbh & Co | Unterkalibriges uebungsgeschoss |
DE202015004089U1 (de) | 2015-06-02 | 2015-08-04 | Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertreten durch das Bundesministerium der Verteidigung, dieses vertreten durch das Bundesamt für Ausrüstung, Informationstechnik und Nutzung der Bundeswehr | Penetrator |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0143775A2 (fr) | 1985-06-05 |
ES8606037A1 (es) | 1986-04-01 |
IL73583A (en) | 1990-12-23 |
BR8405954A (pt) | 1985-09-17 |
EP0143775A3 (en) | 1986-06-25 |
DE3476117D1 (en) | 1989-02-16 |
ES537862A0 (es) | 1986-04-01 |
US4665828A (en) | 1987-05-19 |
ATE40006T1 (de) | 1989-01-15 |
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