EP0127518B1 - Assembling device for joining the elements of a tunnel lining - Google Patents

Assembling device for joining the elements of a tunnel lining Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0127518B1
EP0127518B1 EP84400990A EP84400990A EP0127518B1 EP 0127518 B1 EP0127518 B1 EP 0127518B1 EP 84400990 A EP84400990 A EP 84400990A EP 84400990 A EP84400990 A EP 84400990A EP 0127518 B1 EP0127518 B1 EP 0127518B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
block
arcuate elements
flanks
segments
wedge
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84400990A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0127518A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Claude Hauer
Jacques Oger
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Pont a Mousson SA
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Pont a Mousson SA
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Priority to AT84400990T priority Critical patent/ATE20952T1/en
Publication of EP0127518A1 publication Critical patent/EP0127518A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
    • E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/08—Lining with building materials with preformed concrete slabs
    • E21D11/083—Methods or devices for joining adjacent concrete segments
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/75—Joints and connections having a joining piece extending through aligned openings in plural members

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for assembling two adjacent segments of a tunnel lining, in particular a railway tunnel.
  • French patent 24 46 376 describes a device for assembling the segments of a tunnel lining, the device comprising fixing and wedging means, the segments being constituted by cylinder segments whose opposite flanks have a certain curvature.
  • This device consists of two pairs of corners, each disposed at one end of the segments, placed in corresponding housings of these connected radially by bolts which bring each corner closer to one another while tightening them in contact with the sides adjacent to the segment.
  • French patent 22 40 350 also discloses a segment assembly system consisting of a series of prismatic wedges chosen from a range of dihedral angles suitable for the angle according to which the segments must be assembled, these wedges being superposed between the segments and the assembly being blocked by bolts and nuts.
  • This assembly device requires having a whole range of shims.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a device for assembling segments that does not have these drawbacks.
  • the device for assembling the segments comprises a shim extending substantially over the entire length of the flanks opposite the segments, and the opposite faces of which have curvatures conjugated with the curvature of the corresponding sides of the segments, as well as means of fixing the segments together and at the ca interposed between their sides.
  • the faces of the wedge have concavities whose radii of curvature are equal to the radii of curvature of the associated sides of the segments, and the width of the wedge is practically equal to that of the sides.
  • FIG. 1 There is shown in Figure 1 two adjacent segments 1, 2, intended for the constitution of a tunnel lining in particular rail, and a device for assembling these segments according to the invention.
  • the segments 1, 2 consist of cylinder segments of cast iron or of another suitable material, each comprising end veils 3 belonging to the upper surface of the covering, an intermediate veil 4 belonging to the lower surface of the covering, as well as two end walls 5 and radial ribs 6, 6a.
  • the ribs 6 connect the sails 3 to the sails 4, the rib 6a projecting radially between the two sails 4 of the lower surface.
  • Each segment 1, 2 has a side 7, 8 having a convexity of appropriate radius of curvature, these convexities being directed towards one another.
  • flanks 7, 8 are each pierced, near their ends, with two pairs of holes 11 adapted to receive bolts 14 associated with fixing nuts 16, each bolt 14 passing through opposite holes 11 each belonging to a segment 1, 2.
  • the segments 1, 2 can be assembled by means of a device which comprises a wedge 12 which extends over practically the entire length of the sides 7, 8 and over their entire width.
  • the opposite faces 12a of the wedge 12 have curvatures conjugated with the curvature of the corresponding sides 7, 8, and therefore have concavities extending from one end to the other of the wedge.
  • the radii of curvature of these concave flanks 12a are equal to the radii of curvature of the convex flanks 7, 8.
  • the shim 12 is pierced with a pair of oblong slots 13, suitable for allowing the introduction of the bolts 14 which therefore each pass through two holes 11 located opposite and the corresponding oblong opening 13.
  • the nuts 16, screwed onto the threaded rods of the bolts 14, make it possible to block together the segments 1, 2 and the wedge 12.
  • Openings 10 are formed in the vicinity of the ends of the wedge 12 between the lights 13, as well as openings 15 in the central region of the wedge 12 to lighten the latter.
  • the assembly of the segment assembly device 1.2 constituted by the shim 12 and the bolt 14-nut systems 16 is carried out as follows.
  • the segments 1,2 are first held with their sides 7 and 8 facing one another so that the pins 24 of the segment 1 are opposite corresponding housings 25 of the segment 2, but remaining separated by a sufficient interval. Is introduced between them the wedge 12, whose openings 10 are crossed by the pins 24, then the bolts 14 are mounted through the holes 11 and the slots 13, and the corresponding nuts 16 are screwed without fully tightening.
  • the angle a between the planes tangent to the sails 3 of the respective upper surfaces of the segments 1 and 2, in line with their interface materialized by the sides 7, 8 depends on the radial position of the wedge 12 between the segments.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a first example of angular positioning of the segments 1 and 2 relative to one another, in which the angle a 1 is equal to 180 °, the planes tangent to the webs 3 thus being combined.
  • the shim 12 is pushed towards the upper surface of the covering, by striking lightly on the lower edge 12b of this shim, until this edge 12b as well as the opposite edge 12c are practically located in the planes tangent respectively to the lower surface sails 4 and to the upper surface sails 3 ( Figure 4).
  • the elongation of the slots 13 in the radial direction of the cylinder segments constituting the segments 1.2 allows the radial sliding of the shim 12 relative to the rods of the bolts 14 in these slots 13.
  • the nuts 16 are then fully tightened on the bolts 14, whose hexagonal heads come to bear on washers 17 engaged in the holes 11, as well as the nuts 16 are supported on washers 17 analogs engaged in the corresponding holes 11.
  • the angle a 1 can be slightly varied on either side of the value of 180 °, as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6.
  • this angle which has become a 2 is equal to 184 °, and has been obtained by moving the shim 12 towards the lower surface of the covering of the desired value so that the planes tangent to the upper surface sails 3 do this angle of 184 °.
  • This operation requires first loosening the nuts 16, starting from the position of the segments 1, 2 shown in Figure 4.
  • the average radius of the segment assembly is obtained by placing them in their relative position in Figure 4, the minimum radius corresponds to their angular position in Figure 5, and the maximum radius corresponds to the position in Figure 6 .
  • the assembly device constituted by the single wedge 12 and its fixing members 14, 16 to the segments 1, 2 has the advantage of allowing easy and rapid adjustment of the angular position of the segments. Indeed, it suffices to place the shim 12 in the correct position with respect to the sides 7, 8 by exerting sufficient pressure on one of its edges 12b, 12c, then tightening the bolts 14 and the nuts 16 completely.
  • this single wedge 12 Another advantage of this single wedge 12 is linked to the fact that it distributes almost uniformly over its entire length the stresses undergone by the segments 1,2, which prevents the appearance of significant plasticization of said wedge and segments 1.2 in the load area. Indeed, the forces being distributed over practically the entire surface of the wedge 12, there is great "flexibility" in the connection between the segments 1 and 2 provided by this wedge. This connection can even be considered as “elastic", tests having shown that after application of significant efforts, the segments 1, 2 could resume their initial shape. The tightening of the bolts 14 has a significant influence on this flexibility: the shim 12 better taking up the forces undergone, the bolt connection of the segments is less stressed.
  • the forces mentioned above are in practice bending forces due to the weight of the ground, and compression by arch effect between the adjacent segments.
  • the initial shape of the segments 1, 2 is, more precisely, that obtained at the assembly level. This is how, for example, when using segments for consolidate a tunnel with a radius smaller than that of the ring formed by the segments, the application of forces has the effect of opening the angle initially planned. If these efforts cease, the angle a returns to its initial value.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

Two adjoining voussoirs 1, 2 in a tunnel shield are assembled by sandwiching a wedge 12 between their adjacent sides 7, 8. The wedge extends over the entire length and width of the voussoir sides, and has concave surfaces 12a of equal curvature radius to the convex surfaces of the voussoir sides. The angle alpha between the adjacent outer surfaces of the voussoirs may be adjusted by varying the radial disposition of the wedge before tightening the assembly. The full mating contact between the voussoir sides and the wedge evenly distributes the applied stress.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un disposiif d'assemblage de deux voussoirs adjacents d'un revêtement de tunnel, en particulier d'un tunnel ferroviaire.The present invention relates to a device for assembling two adjacent segments of a tunnel lining, in particular a railway tunnel.

Le brevet français 24 46 376 décrit un dispositif pour l'assemblage des voussoirs d'un revêtement de tunnel, le dispositif comprenant des moyens de fixation et de calage, les voussoirs étant constitués par des segments de cylindre dont les flancs en regard présentent une certaine courbure. Ce dispositif est constitué de deux paires de coins disposées chacune à une extrémité des voussoirs, placées dans des logements correspondants de ceux-ci reliés radialement par des boulons qui rapprochent chaque coin l'un de l'autre tout en les serrant au contact des flancs adjacents du voussoir.French patent 24 46 376 describes a device for assembling the segments of a tunnel lining, the device comprising fixing and wedging means, the segments being constituted by cylinder segments whose opposite flanks have a certain curvature. This device consists of two pairs of corners, each disposed at one end of the segments, placed in corresponding housings of these connected radially by bolts which bring each corner closer to one another while tightening them in contact with the sides adjacent to the segment.

Ces coins ou clavettes donnent toute satisfaction mais il est parfois difficile d'obtenir l'angle exact voulu entre les voussoirs, c'est-à-dire l'angle entre des plans tangents aux surfaces d'extrados des voussoirs, au droit de leur interface. En effet, pour ce faire, il faut positionner les deux coins séparément et simultanément dans la direction radiale à l'emplacement voulu, compte tenu de l'angle recherché entre les voussoirs. De plus, les efforts supportés par les voussoirs sont localisés sur les coins, ce qui peut entraîner une certaine plastification de ceux-ci par écrasement du métal.These corners or keys give full satisfaction but it is sometimes difficult to obtain the exact desired angle between the segments, that is to say the angle between planes tangent to the surfaces of the upper surfaces of the segments, in line with their interface. Indeed, to do this, it is necessary to position the two corners separately and simultaneously in the radial direction at the desired location, taking into account the desired angle between the segments. In addition, the forces supported by the segments are located on the corners, which can lead to a certain plasticization of the latter by crushing the metal.

On connaît également par le brevet français 22 40 350 un système d'assemblage de voussoirs constitué par une série de cales prismatiques choisies dans une gamme d'angles dièdres appropriés à l'angle suivant lequel les voussoirs doivent être assemblés, ces cales étant superposées entre les voussoirs et l'ensemble étant bloqué par des boulons et des écrous.French patent 22 40 350 also discloses a segment assembly system consisting of a series of prismatic wedges chosen from a range of dihedral angles suitable for the angle according to which the segments must be assembled, these wedges being superposed between the segments and the assembly being blocked by bolts and nuts.

Ce dispositif d'assemblage nécessite de disposer de toute une gamme de cales.This assembly device requires having a whole range of shims.

L'invention a pour but de proposer un dispositif d'assemblage de voussoirs ne présentant pas ces inconvénients.The object of the invention is to propose a device for assembling segments that does not have these drawbacks.

Suivant l'invention, le dispositif d'assemblage des voussoirs comprend une cale s'étendant sensiblement sur toute la longueur des flancs en regard des voussoirs, et dont les faces opposées présentent des courbures conjuguées avec la courbure des flancs correspondants des voussoirs, ainsi que des moyens de fixation des voussoirs ensemble et à la ca le interposée entre leurs flancs.According to the invention, the device for assembling the segments comprises a shim extending substantially over the entire length of the flanks opposite the segments, and the opposite faces of which have curvatures conjugated with the curvature of the corresponding sides of the segments, as well as means of fixing the segments together and at the ca interposed between their sides.

Le fait de mettre en oeuvre une cale unique au lieu de plusieurs coins d'entretoisement ou de plusieurs cales prismatiques superposées facilite considérablement le réglage de l'angle entre les voussoirs. En effet, il suffit de déplacer légèrement la cale pour obtenir l'angle exact voulu, opération qui ne présente pas de difficulté.The fact of using a single shim instead of several bracing wedges or of several superimposed prismatic shims considerably facilitates the adjustment of the angle between the segments. Indeed, it suffices to move the wedge slightly to obtain the exact desired angle, an operation which presents no difficulty.

Suivant un mode de réalisation de l'invention, dans lequel les voussoirs ont des flancs qui présentent une convexité déterminée, les faces de la cale ont des concavités dont les rayons de courbure sont égaux aux rayons de courbure des flancs associés des voussoirs, et la largeur de la cale est pratiquement égale à celle des flancs.According to one embodiment of the invention, in which the segments have sides which have a determined convexity, the faces of the wedge have concavities whose radii of curvature are equal to the radii of curvature of the associated sides of the segments, and the width of the wedge is practically equal to that of the sides.

On peut donc faire varier l'angle entre les surfaces d'extrados des voussoirs au droit de leur interface, par déplacement radial de la cale entre les flancs des voussoirs et blocage de ceux-ci ainsi que de la cale dans la position angulaire choisie par des organes appropriés.It is therefore possible to vary the angle between the upper surface of the segments in line with their interface, by radial displacement of the wedge between the sides of the segments and locking of these as well as of the wedge in the angular position chosen by appropriate bodies.

D'autre part, le fait d'utiliser une cale unique répartit les efforts sur toute la longueur de la cale et des voussoirs, de sorte que l'on n'observe plus de plastification notable dans la zone de charge.On the other hand, the fact of using a single wedge distributes the forces over the entire length of the wedge and the segments, so that there is no longer any noticeable plasticization in the load zone.

D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront au cours de la description qui va suivre, faite en référence aux dessins annexés qui en illustrent à titre d'exemple non limitatif un mode de réalisation.

  • La Figure 1 est une vue en perspective éclatée avec arrachements,de deux voussoirs adjacents et d'un mode de réalisation du dispositif d'assemblage de ces voussoirs.
  • La Figure 2 est une vue en élévation longitudinale de la cale des dispositifs d'assemblage visibles à la Figure 1.
  • La Figure 3 est une vue en élévation en coupe suivant 111-III de la cale de la Figure 2.
  • La Figure 4 est une vue en coupe transversale partielle des deux voussoirs et de leur dispositif d'assemblage, la cale étant positionnée de manière que l'angle entre les plans tangents aux surfaces d'extrados respectives des voussoirs au droit de leur interface, soit égal à 180°.
  • La Figure 5 est une vue en coupe analogue à la Figure 4, dans laquelle la cale est positionnée radialement de manière que l'angle précité entre les plans tangents aux surfaces d'extrados des voussoirs soit sensiblement supérieur à 180°.
  • La Figure 6 est une vue en coupe analogue aux Figures 4 et 5 dans laquelle la cale est positionnée radialement de manière que l'angle précité entre les plans tangents aux surfaces d'extrados des voussoirs soit sensiblement inférieur à 180°.
Other features and advantages of the invention will appear during the description which follows, given with reference to the appended drawings which illustrate an embodiment by way of non-limiting example.
  • Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view with cutaway, of two adjacent segments and an embodiment of the assembly device of these segments.
  • Figure 2 is a longitudinal elevation view of the block of the assembly devices visible in Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a sectional elevation view along 111-III of the wedge of Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the two segments and their assembly device, the wedge being positioned so that the angle between the planes tangent to the respective upper surfaces of the segments at their interface, is equal to 180 °.
  • Figure 5 is a sectional view similar to Figure 4, in which the shim is positioned radially so that the aforementioned angle between the planes tangent to the upper surfaces of the segments is substantially greater than 180 °.
  • Figure 6 is a sectional view similar to Figures 4 and 5 in which the wedge is positioned radially so that the aforementioned angle between the planes tangent to the upper surfaces of the segments is substantially less than 180 °.

On a représenté à la Figure 1 deux voussoirs adjacents 1, 2, destinés à la constitution d'un revêtement de tunnel notamment ferroviaire, ainsi qu'un dispositif d'assemblage de ces voussoirs conforme à l'invention.There is shown in Figure 1 two adjacent segments 1, 2, intended for the constitution of a tunnel lining in particular rail, and a device for assembling these segments according to the invention.

Les voussoirs 1, 2 sont constitués par des segments de cylindre en fonte ou en un autre matériau convenable, comportant chacun des voiles d'extrémité 3 appartenant à l'extrados du revêtement, un voile intermédiaire 4 appartenant àl'intrados du revêtement, ainsi que deux parois d'extrémité 5 et des nervures radiales 6, 6a. Les nervures 6 raccordent les voiles 3 aux voiles 4, la nervure 6a faisant saillie radialement entre les deux voiles 4 d'intrados.The segments 1, 2 consist of cylinder segments of cast iron or of another suitable material, each comprising end veils 3 belonging to the upper surface of the covering, an intermediate veil 4 belonging to the lower surface of the covering, as well as two end walls 5 and radial ribs 6, 6a. The ribs 6 connect the sails 3 to the sails 4, the rib 6a projecting radially between the two sails 4 of the lower surface.

Chaque voussoir 1, 2 présente un flanc 7, 8 présentant une convexité de rayon de courbure approprié, ces convexités étant dirigées l'une vers l'autre.Each segment 1, 2 has a side 7, 8 having a convexity of appropriate radius of curvature, these convexities being directed towards one another.

Les flancs 7, 8 sont chacun percés, au voisinage de leurs extrémités, de deux paires de trous 11 adaptés pour recevoir des boulons 14 associés à des écrous de fixation 16, chaque boulon 14 traversant des trous 11 en vis - à - vis appartenant chacun à un voussoir 1, 2.The flanks 7, 8 are each pierced, near their ends, with two pairs of holes 11 adapted to receive bolts 14 associated with fixing nuts 16, each bolt 14 passing through opposite holes 11 each belonging to a segment 1, 2.

Conformément à l'invention, les voussoirs 1,2 peuvent être assemblés au moyen d'un dispositif qui comprend une cale 12 qui s'étend sur pratiquement toute la longueur des flancs 7, 8 et sur toute leur largeur. Les faces opposées 12a de la cale 12 présentent des courbures conjuguées avec la courbure des flancs correspondants 7, 8, et ont donc des concavités s'étendant d'une extrémité à l'autre de la cale. Les rayons de courbure de ces flancs concaves 12a sont égaux aux rayons de courbure des flancs convexes 7, 8.According to the invention, the segments 1, 2 can be assembled by means of a device which comprises a wedge 12 which extends over practically the entire length of the sides 7, 8 and over their entire width. The opposite faces 12a of the wedge 12 have curvatures conjugated with the curvature of the corresponding sides 7, 8, and therefore have concavities extending from one end to the other of the wedge. The radii of curvature of these concave flanks 12a are equal to the radii of curvature of the convex flanks 7, 8.

A chacune de ses extrémités, en regard des trous 11 des voussoirs 7, 8, la cale 12 est percée d'une paire de lumières oblongues 13, aptes à permettre l'introduction des boulons 14 qui traversent donc chacun deux trous 11 situés en regard et la lumière oblongue correspondante 13. Les écrous 16, vissés sur les tiges filetées des boulons 14, permettent de bloquer ensemble les voussoirs 1, 2 et la cale 12. Des ouvertures 10 sont ménagées au voisinage des extrémités de la cale 12 entre les lumières 13, ainsi que des ouvertures 15 dans la région centrale de la cale 12 pour alleger cette dernière.At each of its ends, opposite the holes 11 of the segments 7, 8, the shim 12 is pierced with a pair of oblong slots 13, suitable for allowing the introduction of the bolts 14 which therefore each pass through two holes 11 located opposite and the corresponding oblong opening 13. The nuts 16, screwed onto the threaded rods of the bolts 14, make it possible to block together the segments 1, 2 and the wedge 12. Openings 10 are formed in the vicinity of the ends of the wedge 12 between the lights 13, as well as openings 15 in the central region of the wedge 12 to lighten the latter.

Le montage du dispositif d'assemblage des voussoirs 1,2 constitué par la cale 12 et les systèmes boulons 14 -écrous 16 s'opère de la manière suivante.The assembly of the segment assembly device 1.2 constituted by the shim 12 and the bolt 14-nut systems 16 is carried out as follows.

Les voussoirs 1,2 sont d'abord maintenus avec leurs flancs 7 et 8 tournés l'un vers l'autre de façon que des tétons 24 du voussoir 1 soient en regard de logements correspondants 25 du voussoir 2, mais en restant séparés par un intervalle suffisant. On introduit entre ceux-ci la cale 12, dont les ouvertures 10 sont traversées par les tétons 24, puis on monte les boulons 14 à travers les trous 11 et les lumières 13, et on visse les écrous correspondants 16 sans serrer à fond. L'angle a entre les plans tangents aux voiles 3 d'extrados respectifs des voussoirs 1 et 2, au droit de leur interface matérialisée par les flancs 7, 8 dépend de la position radiale de la cale 12 entre les voussoirs.The segments 1,2 are first held with their sides 7 and 8 facing one another so that the pins 24 of the segment 1 are opposite corresponding housings 25 of the segment 2, but remaining separated by a sufficient interval. Is introduced between them the wedge 12, whose openings 10 are crossed by the pins 24, then the bolts 14 are mounted through the holes 11 and the slots 13, and the corresponding nuts 16 are screwed without fully tightening. The angle a between the planes tangent to the sails 3 of the respective upper surfaces of the segments 1 and 2, in line with their interface materialized by the sides 7, 8 depends on the radial position of the wedge 12 between the segments.

La Figure 4 illustre un premier exemple de positionnement angulaire des voussoirs 1 et 2 relativement l'un à l'autre, dans lequel l'angle al est égal à 180°, les plans tangents aux voiles 3 étant ainsi confondus. pour amener les voussoirs 1, 2 dans cette position, on repousse la cale 12 vers l'extrados du revêtement, en frappant légèrement sur le bord inférieur 12b de cette cale, jusqu'à ce que ce bord 12b ainsi que le bord opposé 12c soient pratiquement situés dans les plans tangents respectivement aux voiles d'intrados 4 et aux voiles d'extrados 3 (Figure 4). L'allongement des lumières 13 dans la direction radiale des segments de cylindre constituant les voussoirs 1,2 autorise le coulissement radial de la cale 12 par rapport aux tiges des boulons 14 dans ces lumières 13. On serre ensuite à fond les écrous 16 sur les boulons 14, dont les têtes hexagonales viennent s'appuyer sur des rondelles 17 engagées dans les trous 11, de même que les écrous 16 prennent appui sur des rondelles 17 analogues engagées dans les trous 11 correspondants.FIG. 4 illustrates a first example of angular positioning of the segments 1 and 2 relative to one another, in which the angle a 1 is equal to 180 °, the planes tangent to the webs 3 thus being combined. to bring the segments 1, 2 in this position, the shim 12 is pushed towards the upper surface of the covering, by striking lightly on the lower edge 12b of this shim, until this edge 12b as well as the opposite edge 12c are practically located in the planes tangent respectively to the lower surface sails 4 and to the upper surface sails 3 (Figure 4). The elongation of the slots 13 in the radial direction of the cylinder segments constituting the segments 1.2 allows the radial sliding of the shim 12 relative to the rods of the bolts 14 in these slots 13. The nuts 16 are then fully tightened on the bolts 14, whose hexagonal heads come to bear on washers 17 engaged in the holes 11, as well as the nuts 16 are supported on washers 17 analogs engaged in the corresponding holes 11.

On peut faire varier légèrement l'angle a 1 de part et d'autre de la valeur de 180°, comme illustré aux Figures 5 et 6.The angle a 1 can be slightly varied on either side of the value of 180 °, as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6.

A la Figure 5, cet angle devenu a 2 est égal à 184°, et a été obtenu en déplaçant la cale 12 vers l'intrados du revêtement de la valeur voulue pour que les plans tangents aux voiles 3 d'extrados fassent entre eux cet angle de 184°. Cette opération nécessite au préalable de desserrer les écrous 16, si l'on part de la position des voussoirs 1, 2 représentés à la Figure 4.In FIG. 5, this angle which has become a 2 is equal to 184 °, and has been obtained by moving the shim 12 towards the lower surface of the covering of the desired value so that the planes tangent to the upper surface sails 3 do this angle of 184 °. This operation requires first loosening the nuts 16, starting from the position of the segments 1, 2 shown in Figure 4.

Inversement, dans la position de la Figure 6, l'angle entre les plans tangents aux voiles d'extrados 3 au droit de l'interface entre les flancs 7, 8 est réduit à 176°, après que la cale 12 ait été remontée vers l'extrados d'une distance d à partir de sa position de la Figure 4.Conversely, in the position of Figure 6, the angle between the planes tangent to the upper surface sails 3 at the interface between the sides 7, 8 is reduced to 176 °, after the wedge 12 has been raised to the upper surface of a distance d from its position in Figure 4.

Le rayon moyen de l'assemblage des voussoirs est obtenu en plaçant ceux-ci dans leur position relative de la Figure 4, le rayon minimal correspond à leur position angulaire de la Figure 5, et le rayon maximal correspond à la position de la Figure 6.The average radius of the segment assembly is obtained by placing them in their relative position in Figure 4, the minimum radius corresponds to their angular position in Figure 5, and the maximum radius corresponds to the position in Figure 6 .

Comme indiqué précédemment, le dispositif d'assemblage constitué par la cale unique 12 et ses organes de fixation 14, 16 aux voussoirs 1, 2 présente l'avantage de permettre un réglage aisé et rapide de la position angulaire des voussoirs. En effet, il suffit de placer la cale 12 dans la position correcte par rapport aux flancs 7, 8 en exerçant une pression suffisante sur l'un de ses bords 12b, 12c, puis de serrer à fond les boulons 14 et les écrous 16. De préférence on installe tout d'abord la cale 12 dans sa position de la Figure 5 où le rayon de courbure des voussoirs est minimal (angle a 2 égal à 184°), puis on repousse la cale 12 en frappant légérement sur son bord inférieur 12b.As indicated above, the assembly device constituted by the single wedge 12 and its fixing members 14, 16 to the segments 1, 2 has the advantage of allowing easy and rapid adjustment of the angular position of the segments. Indeed, it suffices to place the shim 12 in the correct position with respect to the sides 7, 8 by exerting sufficient pressure on one of its edges 12b, 12c, then tightening the bolts 14 and the nuts 16 completely. Preferably, first install the shim 12 in its position in FIG. 5 where the radius of curvature of the segments is minimal (angle a 2 equal to 184 °), then push the shim 12 by tapping lightly on its lower edge. 12b.

Un autre avantage de cette cale unique 12 est lié au fait qu'elle répartit à peu près uniformément sur toute sa longueur les efforts subis par les voussoirs 1,2, ce qui empêche l'apparition d'une plastification sensible de ladite cale et des voussoirs 1.2 dans la zone de charge. En effet, les efforts étant répartis sur pratiquement toute la surface de la cale 12, on observe une grande "souplesse" dans la liaison entre les voussoirs 1 et 2 assurée par cette cale. Cette liaison peut même être considérée comme "élastique", des essais ayant montré qu'après application d'efforts importants, les voussoirs 1, 2 pouvaient reprendre leur forme initiale. Le serrage des boulons 14 influe notablement sur cette souplesse: la cale 12 reprenant mieux les efforts subis, le boulonnage de jonction des voussoirs est moins sollicité.Another advantage of this single wedge 12 is linked to the fact that it distributes almost uniformly over its entire length the stresses undergone by the segments 1,2, which prevents the appearance of significant plasticization of said wedge and segments 1.2 in the load area. Indeed, the forces being distributed over practically the entire surface of the wedge 12, there is great "flexibility" in the connection between the segments 1 and 2 provided by this wedge. This connection can even be considered as "elastic", tests having shown that after application of significant efforts, the segments 1, 2 could resume their initial shape. The tightening of the bolts 14 has a significant influence on this flexibility: the shim 12 better taking up the forces undergone, the bolt connection of the segments is less stressed.

Les efforts mentionnés ci-dessus sont en pratique des efforts de flexion dus au poids du terrain, et de compression par effet de voûte entre les voussoirs adjacents. La forme initiale des voussoirs 1, 2 est, plus précisément, celle obtenue au niveau de l'assemblage. C'est ainsi que, par exemple, lors de l'utilisation des voussoirs pour consolider un tunnel de rayon inférieur à celui de l'anneau constitué par les voussoirs, l'application des efforts a pour effet d'ouvrir l'angle a initialement prévu. Si ces efforts cessent, l'angle a revient à sa valeur initiale.The forces mentioned above are in practice bending forces due to the weight of the ground, and compression by arch effect between the adjacent segments. The initial shape of the segments 1, 2 is, more precisely, that obtained at the assembly level. This is how, for example, when using segments for consolidate a tunnel with a radius smaller than that of the ring formed by the segments, the application of forces has the effect of opening the angle initially planned. If these efforts cease, the angle a returns to its initial value.

Claims (4)

1. A device for assembling two adjacent arcuate elements (1, 2) of a tunnel lining, and in particular of a railway tunnel lining, the device comprising fastening means (15, 16) and blocking means (12), the arcuate elements (1, 2) being formed by segments of a cylinder whose confronting flanks (7, 8) have a certain curvature, characterised in that it comprises a block (12) extending over substantially the entire length of the confronting flanks (7, 8) of the arcuate elements (1, 2) and having opposed faces (12a) having curvatures cooperative with the curvature of the corresponding edges (7, 8) of the arcuate elements (1, 2), and means (14,16) for fastening the arcuate elements (1, 2) together and to the block (12) interposed between their flanks (7, 8).
2. A device according to claim 1, for the assembly of arcuate elements (1, 2) whose flanks (7, 8) have a given convexity, characterised in that the faces (12a) of the block (12) have concavities whose radii of curvature are equal to the radii of curvature of the associated flanks (7, 8) of the arcuate elements (1, 2) and the width of the block (12) is substantially equal to that of the flanks (7, 8), so that it is possible to vary the angle (a) between the planes tangent to the respective extrados surfaces (3) of the arcuate elements (1, 2) in the region of their interface, by a radial displacement of the block (12) between the flanks (7,8) of the arcuate elements (1, 2) and the blocking of the latter and of the block (12) in the chosen angular position.
3. A device according to claim 2, characterised in that the means for fastening the block (12) to the adjacent arcuate elements (1, 2) are constituted by bolt (14) and nut (16) systems extending through corresponding openings (13) arranged in the block (12) and apertures (11) in the flanks (7, 8) of the arcuate elements (1, 2), for example two pairs of bolts (14) and nuts (15) each positioned at an end of the block (12).
4. A device according to claim 3, characterised in that the openings (13) of the block (12) are oblong in the radial direction so as to permit the sliding of the block (12) with respect to the flanks (7, 8) of the arcuate elements (1, 2).
EP84400990A 1983-05-27 1984-05-15 Assembling device for joining the elements of a tunnel lining Expired EP0127518B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84400990T ATE20952T1 (en) 1983-05-27 1984-05-15 CONNECTING DEVICE FOR ADJACENT TUBEBBING ELEMENTS OF A TUNNEL LINING.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8308860A FR2546568B1 (en) 1983-05-27 1983-05-27 DEVICE FOR ASSEMBLING ADJACENT CUSHIONS OF A TUNNEL COATING
FR8308860 1983-05-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0127518A1 EP0127518A1 (en) 1984-12-05
EP0127518B1 true EP0127518B1 (en) 1986-07-23

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84400990A Expired EP0127518B1 (en) 1983-05-27 1984-05-15 Assembling device for joining the elements of a tunnel lining

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US (1) US4594026A (en)
EP (1) EP0127518B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE20952T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3460340D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2546568B1 (en)

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US4836196A (en) * 1988-01-11 1989-06-06 Acromed Corporation Surgically implantable spinal correction system
CA1308267C (en) * 1988-02-03 1992-10-06 Samuel B.H. Mitchell Improvements in or relating to joints between concrete elements
GB2228957B (en) * 1989-03-08 1992-10-21 Charcon Tunnels Ltd Improvements in or relating to arcuate pre-cast concrete tunnel lining segments
US5452555A (en) * 1993-09-01 1995-09-26 The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System Method and apparatus for assembling multiple wall segments into a curved configuration
US5822443A (en) * 1996-04-22 1998-10-13 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Speaker system for a television
BRPI1105325B1 (en) * 2011-12-22 2021-07-20 Embraer S.A. SELF ALIGNMENT COUPLING FOR OVERLAPPED SURFACES AND SELF ALIGNMENT COUPLING FOR OVERLAPPED SURFACES
DE202004006462U1 (en) * 2004-04-23 2005-09-01 Jungheinrich Aktiengesellschaft Conveyor with attachment
US7562497B2 (en) * 2005-10-27 2009-07-21 Warren Douglas A Arched door frame
GB201008858D0 (en) * 2010-05-27 2010-07-14 Airbus Uk Ltd Packer assembly
JP6268359B2 (en) * 2013-06-12 2018-01-31 中川企画建設株式会社 Segment connector and connection method in shield method

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US1307973A (en) * 1919-06-24 Corner and division bar
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US2869182A (en) * 1955-03-15 1959-01-20 Jr Walter S White Roof or wall construction
GB840262A (en) * 1957-10-11 1960-07-06 Vernon Ferdinand Bartlett Improvements in or relating to tunnel linings
US3006670A (en) * 1959-06-02 1961-10-31 Goodyear Aircraft Corp Frame for supporting domed structures
GB903845A (en) * 1959-06-19 1962-08-22 Cyril Parry Improvements in or relating to composite structures
GB1438641A (en) * 1972-06-09 1976-06-09 Charcon Tunnels Ltd Arcuate tunnell lining segments
DE2339315A1 (en) * 1973-08-03 1975-02-13 Buderus Eisenwerk CAST-IRON TUEBBING
FR2264962B1 (en) * 1974-03-22 1976-10-08 Pont A Mousson
GB1522305A (en) * 1974-09-21 1978-08-23 Mott Hay & Anderson Tunnel linings
FR2446376A1 (en) * 1979-01-15 1980-08-08 Pont A Mousson METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ASSEMBLING TUNNEL COVERS
US4441592A (en) * 1982-08-27 1984-04-10 Kool-Stop International Inc. Bicycle brake assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3460340D1 (en) 1986-08-28
US4594026A (en) 1986-06-10
ATE20952T1 (en) 1986-08-15
FR2546568B1 (en) 1985-07-12
FR2546568A1 (en) 1984-11-30
EP0127518A1 (en) 1984-12-05

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