EP0105406A1 - Baueinheiten - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0105406A1
EP0105406A1 EP83109356A EP83109356A EP0105406A1 EP 0105406 A1 EP0105406 A1 EP 0105406A1 EP 83109356 A EP83109356 A EP 83109356A EP 83109356 A EP83109356 A EP 83109356A EP 0105406 A1 EP0105406 A1 EP 0105406A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
floor
beams
unit
roof
legs
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP83109356A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0105406B1 (de
Inventor
Donald Welton Shepherd
Stephen Wentworth Stericker
David Nicholas Varley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Portakabin Ltd
Original Assignee
Portakabin Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Portakabin Ltd filed Critical Portakabin Ltd
Publication of EP0105406A1 publication Critical patent/EP0105406A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0105406B1 publication Critical patent/EP0105406B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
    • E04B1/3483—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of metal

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a portable building unit for a building construction formed from one or more such portable building units, hereinafter referred to as "of the kind specified", the or each of which is a factory assembled, self-contained portable unit for delivery to a site in on assembled condition complete with floor structure, walls and roof structure, and preferably complete with all windows, doors and internal fittings.
  • portable building unit for a building construction formed from one or more such portable building units, hereinafter referred to as "of the kind specified”, the or each of which is a factory assembled, self-contained portable unit for delivery to a site in on assembled condition complete with floor structure, walls and roof structure, and preferably complete with all windows, doors and internal fittings.
  • U.K. Specification 1,315,132 discloses a building unit of the kind specified which has been used widely in many applications such as site offices on building or other construction sites, at outdoor exhibitions and sports events, and as temporary or semi-permanent office, laboratory or living accommodation. Buildings made from such units have been regarded as being essentially temporary or at most semi-permanent and the appearance of the buildings has been in line with this.
  • the present invention is based on a new philosophy of providing essentially permanent accommodation, not by traditional methods of construction in which a building is erected on site from components such as bricks and mortar, or steel framework and cladding, but by means of factory assembled portable building units which can thus be transported to the building site and be positioned there as permanent buildings.
  • the present invention provides a portable building unit of the kind specified wherein the floor structure comprises two spaced, parallel, floor side beams disposed at the sides of the floor structure and extending longitudinally of the unit, a floor deck supported by said beams, two longitudinally extending skids between the side beams, the undersides of the skids being above the level of the underside of the side beams, the roof structure comprising two spaced roof beams disposed at the sides of the roof structure and extending longitudinally of the unit, four legs disposed symmetrically, two on each side of the building intermediate the ends thereof, each leg being connected to a floor side beam, at or adjacent the bottom of the leg and to a roof side beam, at or adjacent the top of the leg, each leg having a ground-engageable foot member whereby the building is supportable on the foot members, and side and end wall panels being connected at their upper and lower ends to said roof and floor side beams respectively to provide said walls and there being a transverse compression member extending between the upper ends of the legs of each oppositely
  • the building unit may be provided with a floor level above the ground which is considerably reduced compared with the floor level obtained with a building as described in U.K. 1,315,132, e.g. as little as 32.5cm above the ground, thereby avoiding any considerable step-up into the building, and secondly, the underside of the floor structure is concealed at least from side view thus giving the unit of the present invention a much more permanent visual appearance and impression in use.
  • a unit in accordance with the invention has structural integrity afforded by the frame which includes the roof and floor side beams, the legs and importantly the transverse compression member.
  • the roof structure may include an upper skin and a lower skin, the compression member lying beneath the upper skin. Thus there is no part protruding above the upper skin, again giving the unit a much more permanent visual appearance and impression.
  • the floor structure may include a plurality of cross beams, extending transversely of the unit and connected between the side beams at positions spaced longitudinally of the side beams. This adds to the strength of the floor.
  • the cross beams may be underdrawn by lower cladding panels and the skids may also be secured to the cross beams to depend from the underside thereof, the lower cladding panels extending between the skids.
  • thermally insulating material may be disposed in the region between the floor deck and the lower panels and/or the upper and lower skins of the roof structure.
  • the legs may be outside the walls.
  • the floor side beams may be made of metal such as steel and may be 305mm deep.
  • the cross beams may be made of metal such as steel.
  • the side and end walls may each comprise a structural sandwich having inner and outer skins sandwiching therebetween, and being bonded to a rigid foam or expanded plastics material.
  • the outer skin may be a plastics coated steel sheet and the inner skin plasterboard, with a peripheral timber frame disposed between the inner and outer skins.
  • the floor deck may comprise a flooring grade wood particle board panel.
  • the upper skin may comprise one or more sheets of wood particle board supported by timber joists.
  • the inner skin may comprise a gypsum wallboard panel faced with plastic film.
  • Each leg may have a slinging point, which may be removable, at or adjacent its upper end whereby the building may be lifted with a crone.
  • each slinging point comprises an adaptor retractable into the upper end of the associated leg, when not in use.
  • the upper unit may be secured to the lower unit using the slinging point of the lower unit, for example by bolting.
  • the ground-engageable foot member may be spaced closely below the lowest part of the side beams, or alternatively, the ground-engageable foot members may be engageable with the legs in a plurality of relative operative positions which permit the building unit to be supported on the foot members at a range of positions above the ground, varying from relatively close to the ground to sufficiently above the ground for a transporter, such as a lorry, to be driven under the building unit and the legs retracted until the building unit is supported on the transporter by means of the skids.
  • a transporter such as a lorry
  • FIG. I and 2 there is shown a portable building of generally right parallellopiped configuration having two side walls 12 and two end walls 13, a roof structure 14 and a floor structure 15.
  • Door and window openings are provided in the walls as shown at 16 and 17 respectively.
  • the doors and windows may be located at other positions than those shown and if desired more or less doors and windows may be provided.
  • the building unit is also provided with four legs 18, two on each side of the unit, arranged symmetrically.
  • Figure 3 merely shows a building unit similar to that of Figures I and 2 but of different dimensions, and having an alternative arrangement of doors and windows.
  • the floor structure 15 comprises two parallel longitudinally extending floor side beams 19, 20 disposed to extend along the longitudinal sides of the floor structure.
  • the floor side beams 19, 20 are identical and are made as rolled sections in steel and are of essentially channel configuration having inturned lips 21 at the free ends of the limbs 22 of the channel.
  • the side beams 19, 20 Fastened by welding, to the side beams 19, 20 are a plurality of cross beams 23 which extend transversely of the floor structure and are located at spaced positions longitudinally of the side beams 19, 20.
  • the cross beams 23 are provided with cut-outs 28 at each end to accommodate the limbs 22 and associated lips 21 of the side beams 19, 20.
  • the cross beams are 400mm apart; the cross beams and floor side beams are made from galvanised steel; the side beams 19, 20 are 305mm deep x 89mm flange with 19mm lip x 3.175mm sheet steel, giving a minimum yield stress of 220N/mm 2 .
  • the cross beams are 180mm deep x 55mm flange with 12mm lip x 2.50mm sheet steel.
  • a floor deck 24 made .of flooring grade wood particle board with a fully bonded vinyl covering. However, if desired, other material may be used.
  • the nature of the floor deck which is 18mm thick and moisture resistant, provides the floor structure with a very solid feel and this is aided by the floor covering of 1.25mm thick vinyl.
  • the cross beams are underdrawn with a lower cladding panel assembly comprising a plurality of bitumen impregnated fibreboard panels 25 secured to the underside of the cross beams 23.
  • a mineral fibre insulation mat 26 is packed between the side beams and cross beams.
  • the cross beams 23 are connected down their length on the underside thereof, by two U-shaped skids 27 also made of galvanised rolled steel section and which are provided to sit on a lorry bed during transportation.
  • the floor can be strengthened to take nigh loadings and if necessary supported directly on the ground along its entire length.
  • Each wall of the building unit is formed as a panel having stressed skin structural sandwich of inner and outer skins 30, 31 which sandwich therebetween and are bonded together by means of rigid polyurethane foam 32.
  • a peripheral timber frame 33 is provided between the inner and outer skins.
  • the outer skin 31 comprises a coloured steel cladding, for example, galvanised sheet steel having a coloured PVC coating on the external surface to give a longer maintenance free life.
  • the panels are seamed vertically such as described in our published Application No. 1,520,272 to give a continuous external weather barrier with no potential weaknesses for leaks.
  • the steel is galvanised prior to the application of the PVC exterior to give added protection in the event of damage to the PVC coating.
  • the internal skin 30 is made of gypsum wallboard with a textured vinyl wall covering giving a smart, .easy-clean internal finish.
  • the polyurethane foam 32 is 47mm thick which gives good thermal insulation and securely bonds the skins together into an effective thermal barrier guaranteeing good control over the internal environment.
  • the gypsum wallboard inner skin gives a half hour fire resistance from the inside as standard and internal and external surfaces are designated Class "0". In addition the wall panels have good sound attenuation.
  • the wall panels are secured to the floor structure by suitable fasteners such as nails pneumatically driven through the lower member of the peripheral timber frame 33 and into a web part 34 of the floor side beams 19, 20 or a web part 35 of appropriately disposed end cross beams 23 depending upon whether the panels are side or end wall panels.
  • suitable fasteners such as nails pneumatically driven through the lower member of the peripheral timber frame 33 and into a web part 34 of the floor side beams 19, 20 or a web part 35 of appropriately disposed end cross beams 23 depending upon whether the panels are side or end wall panels.
  • angle members 36 are provided on the floor side beams and end cross beams to support the walls.
  • the side wall panels are connected, by suitable fasteners (not shown) such as wood screws, to longitudinally extending roof side beams 37 of assymetric Z-configuration, the wall panels engaging a part 38 of a web of the beams 37 which extends perpendicular to one flange 39, thereof and which is connected at its other end by an inclined part 41 and a cranked part 42d, to a flange 40.
  • the flanges 39, 40 at their free ends have upturned lips, the flange 39 having an out-turned lip 43 and the flange 40 having a smaller inturned lip 44.
  • the roof side beams 37 comprise two end parts 37 q , 37b (see Figures I and 3) and an intermediate part 37c.
  • the intermediate part 37c is bolted at either end to a channel section part 41b of a fabricated assembly 41a at the top of the legs 18.
  • One of the assemblies 41a is shown in more detail in Figures 5 and 6.
  • One end of each of the end parts 37a, 37b are also bolted to an assembly 41a.
  • the side beams 37 are effectively continuous along the length of the building by virtue of the channel 41b of the assembly 41a.
  • the roof side beams 37 comprise painted galvanised rolled steel sections and the above described section provides an aesthetically pleasing facia appearance on the exterior of the building.
  • the roof side beams 37 are made of 3.000mm thick galvanised sheet steel having a minimum yield stress of 220 N/mm 2.
  • the assembly 41a comprises a socket part 41c in which a spigot 41d is welded, the spigot being received in the upper end of the associated leg 18.
  • the spigots 41d are bolted inside the upper leg parts by bolts 18' and at their lower ends the legs 18 have a flanged lug 46 connected by bolts 47 to the floor side beams 19, 20.
  • the legs, including spigot 41d and socket part 41c extend beyond the top of the side beams 37 where they are bolted via plates 42 to a compression member 48 which exiends between the upper ends of the thus extended legs 18.
  • Each leg 18 is over the entire length (including socket 41b) of square tubular configuration and terminates at the lower end In a foot member comprising a foot plate 52 adapted to engage the ground or lower unit in a double stack configuration.
  • the legs 18 terminate at a position P ) at the top surface of the foot plate 52, below the floor side beams 19, 20 which are at a level P 2 .
  • foot member having a long shank and which is connectable to the leg 18 in a plurality of positions so that the building may be supported at a desired height above the ground, for example, to permit a transporter such as a lorry to be driven beneath the building unit so that the building unit can be supported on the back of the lorry via the skids 27, in such case the legs 18 and foot members 50 may be as described in U.K. Specification 1,315,132.
  • Lifting adaptors 51 provide slinging points for the building unit at the upper ends of the legs 18 within socket part 41c, details of which can best be seen from Figures 6 and 7.
  • the adaptors 51 can be retracted into the sockets 41c at the upper ends of the legs when not in use, and withdrawn therefrom when required.
  • an abutment 51b is provided within the socket 41c at the upper end of the leg 18, which, in use, would engage an abutment 51c at the lower end of the adaptor 51.
  • a first opening 51d is provided in adaptor 51 through which a shackle of a crane or the like may be passed when the adaptor 51 is extended, and an opening 51e is provided within the socket 41c through which a .pin or bolt can be passed when the adaptor 51 is in an extended position, to prevent retraction.
  • the adaptors 51 can rotate about their longitudinal axes 51' to align the openings 51d during lifting.
  • the upper unit may be secured to the lower unit by the adaptors 51, as hereinafter explained.
  • a two-part skirting board made as an extrusion in synthetic plastics material is provided at the bottom of the internal surface of each wall and can provide a conduit for services, access to which can be gained by removing a cover part 53 from a backing part 54 thereof.
  • a somewhat similar two-part trim arrangement is provided at the top of the walls as indicated at 55.
  • the roof comprises a plurality of wooden joists 56 with end runners 56a and a centre wooden noggin 56b.
  • the roof joists 56 are contoured as desired to give a desired profile to the roof, in this case a light camber.
  • the joists 56 are at 603mm centres supported at their ends on the upper limb 39 of the roof side beams 37 and supporting a wood particle board upper skin 57, 18mm thick with a one-piece hypalon sheet 58 fully bonded to the roof deck with a neoprene latex adhesive and the edges of the sheet are bonded to the roof edges with a contact adhesive.
  • a mineral fibre thermal insulation mat 59 is packed between the joists 56 and rests on a vinyl covered plasterboard inner skin or ceiling 60 which is secured to the underside of the joists 56.
  • the insulation 59 is 60mm thick x 400mm wide glass fibre mat.
  • the plasterboard ceiling 60 is 12.7mm thick and is suspended from the joists 56 by galvanised steel sections 56c which are themselves secured to the wooden joists 56.
  • the steel sections are covered with white aluminium trim.
  • a gutter in the form of a rigid PVC extrusion 61 is provided on the sides of the building and is fully supported along its length by a galvanised steel retention section 62 folded from essentially C-section steel sheet and fixed to the runners 56a by means of wood screws. Roof void ventilation is provided as indicated at 63 behind the gutters. A fall pipe is provided at each corner of the unit.
  • the unit described above has structural integrity which is afforded by the steel frame which includes the roof side beams 37, floor side beams 19, 20, legs 18, fabricated assembly 41a, transverse compression members 48 and floor cross beams 23. It is to be noted that the steel compression members 48 span between the legs 18 within the roof assembly, i.e. beneath the roof deck 57 and above the lower cladding panel 60 and serve to prevent the roof being damaged during craning operations.
  • the transverse structural steel members of the framework namely the floor cross beams 23 and compression members 48
  • the building unit is given a more permanent visual impression than was the case with the building unit described in U.K. Specification 1,315,132 where the compression members lie externally of the roof and also compared with the building described in U.K. Specification 1,493,801 wherein the legs are connected together transversely by means of beams disposed at a level below the underside of the floor structure. Consequently, because of the absence of such transverse beams beneath the floor structure, the height of the floor deck 24 above the ground in use is reduced compared with that in the above described previous buildings.
  • the steel framework permits the unit to sit close to the ground without the need for damp-proofing and the relatively deep side members 19, 20, together with end panels 64, reduce air movement beneath the units therefore giving improved floor insulation.
  • the end panels 64 are preferably pivotally mounted so as to pivot when the unit is to be transported on a lorry so as to enable the skids 27 to engage the deck of the lorry without interference by the end panel 64 as a result of the end panel 64 pivoting upwardly.
  • the door 16 comprises a panel of essentially similar construction to the side panels, namely inner and outer skins of the materials described hereinbefore with rigid polyurethane foam sandwiched therebetween.
  • the windows preferably have a top hung opening action and the window glass may be unprovided with any peripheral frame having hinges secured directly to the glass and the glass sealing onto a suitable seal strip provided on the frame in the wall of the building unit.
  • the windows would be made of a suitable toughened or laminated glass.
  • the window frame which clamps to the wall is preferably of extruded aluminium and provided with a thermal break to reduce condensation on the frame and a channel is provided in the frame so that any condensation on the glass is channelled to the outside of the building unit.
  • double glazing may be provided although in this case, the glass would need to be provided with a peripheral frame.
  • the building unit described hereinbefore can be linked and double stacked to form larger complexes and if double stacked there will be no obvious gap between the upper and lower units due to the presence of the side beams 19, 20 and end panels 64.
  • Stacking of the units may be achieved by providing in the foot members of the upper building unit, openings to receive the adaptors 51 of the lower unit, and openings may be provided in the lower part of the upper leg to receive a bolt or pin through the opening, which pin or bolt engages the opening 51d of the associated adaptor 51.
  • the building unit illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 has an overall length of approximately 9.9m and an internal width of 3.79m, an overall width of 4.26m, giving a floor area of 36.38m .
  • the legs are at 7.2mm centres.
  • Building units in accordance with the invention may be of any different size, for example may be approximately 5.lm long and 2.92m internal width giving a floor area of 14.02m 2 , or alternatively may be 18.3m long with an internal width of 3.79m giving a floor area of 68.22m 2 and having a leg spacing of 9.6m.
  • Such a building unit is shown in Figure 3.
  • the building units may, of course, be constructed in a range of sizes above, below and between those mentioned above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
EP19830109356 1982-09-27 1983-09-20 Baueinheiten Expired EP0105406B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8227511 1982-09-27
GB8227511 1982-09-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0105406A1 true EP0105406A1 (de) 1984-04-18
EP0105406B1 EP0105406B1 (de) 1989-11-29

Family

ID=10533189

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19830109356 Expired EP0105406B1 (de) 1982-09-27 1983-09-20 Baueinheiten

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0105406B1 (de)
DE (2) DE3380899D1 (de)
GB (1) GB2127879B (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0693595A2 (de) 1994-07-21 1996-01-24 Portakabin Limited Bodenaufbau für transportfähige Einheiten

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3667682D1 (de) * 1986-10-07 1990-01-25 Portakabin Ltd Transportable baueinheit.
GB8727586D0 (en) * 1987-11-25 1987-12-31 Norcros Plc Roof structures
GB2386619B (en) 2002-03-20 2005-05-11 Portakabin Ltd Floor structure
DE102010044036B4 (de) * 2010-11-17 2012-11-29 Erol Ludwig Gebäude, welches oberhalb einer korrespondierend ausgeformten Bodenvertiefung angeordnet und in diese Bodenvertiefung absenkbar ist
CN107268922B (zh) * 2017-06-22 2023-03-14 嘉兴天美环保集成墙面有限公司 一种组合墙板

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3564786A (en) * 1970-01-09 1971-02-23 David Baker Mass production housing
CH535875A (de) * 1971-04-13 1973-04-15 Sovami Sa Aus vorfabrizierten Teilen gebildete Baukonstruktion
US3832811A (en) * 1971-06-07 1974-09-03 E Briel Relocatable building module
FR2267435A1 (en) * 1974-04-12 1975-11-07 Lemettre Gerard Modular steel-framed building construction - has welded crowns joining posts, floor base and foundation
DE2534076A1 (de) * 1974-08-01 1976-02-12 Pruitt Jun Vorrichtung und verfahren zum ausrichten von eckverbindern
GB2084213A (en) * 1980-09-19 1982-04-07 Portakabin Ltd Portable building unit
GB2092640A (en) * 1981-02-07 1982-08-18 Portakabin Ltd Portable building unit

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE757271A (fr) * 1969-10-10 1971-03-16 Elcon Ag Perfectionnements a la construction de batiments pre- fabriques
GB1315132A (en) * 1970-11-18 1973-04-26 Prtakabin Ltd Portable building
GB1459388A (en) * 1972-09-11 1976-12-22 Medway Building Ltd Buildings
CH560296A5 (de) * 1973-04-25 1975-03-27 Credelca Ag
RO79813A (ro) * 1974-05-08 1982-09-09 Industrielle De Constructions Mobiles,Fr Constructie usoara prefabricata cu structura metalica

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3564786A (en) * 1970-01-09 1971-02-23 David Baker Mass production housing
CH535875A (de) * 1971-04-13 1973-04-15 Sovami Sa Aus vorfabrizierten Teilen gebildete Baukonstruktion
US3832811A (en) * 1971-06-07 1974-09-03 E Briel Relocatable building module
FR2267435A1 (en) * 1974-04-12 1975-11-07 Lemettre Gerard Modular steel-framed building construction - has welded crowns joining posts, floor base and foundation
DE2534076A1 (de) * 1974-08-01 1976-02-12 Pruitt Jun Vorrichtung und verfahren zum ausrichten von eckverbindern
GB2084213A (en) * 1980-09-19 1982-04-07 Portakabin Ltd Portable building unit
GB2092640A (en) * 1981-02-07 1982-08-18 Portakabin Ltd Portable building unit

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0693595A2 (de) 1994-07-21 1996-01-24 Portakabin Limited Bodenaufbau für transportfähige Einheiten

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB8324725D0 (en) 1983-10-19
GB2127879A (en) 1984-04-18
GB2127879B (en) 1985-10-02
EP0105406B1 (de) 1989-11-29
DE105406T1 (de) 1989-09-14
DE3380899D1 (de) 1990-01-04

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