EP0310926B1 - Verfahren zur Errichtung eines Modulargebäudes - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Errichtung eines Modulargebäudes Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0310926B1
EP0310926B1 EP88115975A EP88115975A EP0310926B1 EP 0310926 B1 EP0310926 B1 EP 0310926B1 EP 88115975 A EP88115975 A EP 88115975A EP 88115975 A EP88115975 A EP 88115975A EP 0310926 B1 EP0310926 B1 EP 0310926B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
roof
panel
beams
building
reinforcing member
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88115975A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0310926A1 (de
Inventor
Stephen Wentworth Stericker
David Daneswell Court Tinkler
Glyn Thomas 4 Holly Tree Cottage Boddy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Portakabin Ltd
Original Assignee
Portakabin Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Portakabin Ltd filed Critical Portakabin Ltd
Publication of EP0310926A1 publication Critical patent/EP0310926A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0310926B1 publication Critical patent/EP0310926B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/34315—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts
    • E04B1/34321—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts mainly constituted by panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/34315—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts
    • E04B1/34317—Set of building elements forming a self-contained package for transport before assembly
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/61—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other
    • E04B1/6108—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together
    • E04B2001/6191—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means on the corners of the slabs

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a modular building which is relatively tall such as a factory, workshop or warehouse.
  • tall we mean having an external height dimension between 5 and 8 metres and, typically, having an internal height dimension between floor and ceiling of 4.5 to 7.5 metres.
  • a building is known in accordance with the prior art portion of Claim 1 (U.S. 3755976) in which a modular building is shown which has a pitched roof, the walls and roof of the building comprising individual panels spacing apart and connecting together parallel columns.
  • FR-A-1523458 describes a temporary cabin of normal height assembled from roof and wall panels made of glass reinforced plastics material.
  • the invention as claimed and charaterized by the characterising part of Claim 1 is intended to remedy these drawbacks. It solves or reduces the problem of how to provide a tall modular building and which has a flat roof.
  • the invention is also characterized by a method of erecting on site a modular building, according to any one, of the claims 1 to 9, and according to the characterizing part of claim 10.
  • the or each roof structure comprises said pair of spaced parallel roof beams interconnected solely by said roof panel, the or each roof panel comprising said insulated structural sandwich having said inner and outer skins and having therebetween said insulating infill and at least one transverse reinforcing member disposed intermediate the ends of the panel.
  • transverse reinforcing member we mean a reinforcing member which strengthens the roof panel in a direction perpendicular to the roof beams.
  • the or each roof panel may comprise a pair of spaced parallel side members and the reinforcing member or members extending between and being connected to the side members.
  • the or each roof panel may comprise a pair of spaced parallel end members.
  • Each side member and/or each transverse reinforcing member may be connected to an associated roof beam preferably by a fastener engaged with the side member and/or each transverse reinforcing member and the associated roof beam.
  • the inner skin may comprise a steel sheet and the steel sheet may be provided with a suitable surface finish, such as a coloured plastic coating.
  • the outer skin may comprise a steel sheet and the steel sheet may be provided with a suitable surface finish, such as a coloured plastic coating.
  • the infilling may comprise polyurethane foam.
  • the inner and outer skins and infilling may be bonded together.
  • the or each transverse reinforcing member preferably comprises a steel section and the section is preferably a channel section with the web of the channel extending generally perpendicular to and between the inner and outer skins and one limb of the channel extending generally parallel to and adjacent the outer skin and being of greater length than the other limb, which is disposed closer to the inner skin and generally parallel thereto.
  • the one limb may have an inturned flange at its free end.
  • the one limb may project lengthwise of the reinforcing member beyond the web and overlie a portion of the side member at each end of the reinforcing member.
  • the projecting portion of the limb may be fastened to the associated side member and/or the associated roof member.
  • the or each panel may also comprise at least one transverse divider to divide the or each panel into a plurality of sections, each of which is filled with said infilling during manufacture.
  • a divider may be provided adjacent each transverse reinforcing member.
  • the or each divider may comprise a base part of relatively rigid material such as plywood and a top part, which may be of less rigid material such as polyurethane foam, of a configuration to conform with the configuration of the internal surface of the outer skin.
  • the or each panel may comprise a plurality of discrete spacer blocks disposed between the inner and outer skins to maintain the skins in spaced relationship during manufacture and in particular during filling with the insulating infill material.
  • the or each roof panel is secured to the roof beams so as to be disposed below the roof beams.
  • the or each roof panel may be secured to the roof beams so as to be disposed below the roof beams at a distance which increases from one end of the roof structure to the other.
  • spacer members may be provided between the roof beams and the/or each roof panel the spacer members being of increasing height from said one end of the roof structure towards the other.
  • top limb of the reinforcing member, the steel outer skin and the side members of the or each roof panel are preferably all directly connected to the roof beam, for example by bolts or other suitable fasteners, to ensure structural continuity but with the provision of spacer members, as appropriate, to provide the roof panels with a desired slope.
  • insulating infilling is provided between the inner skin and the reinforcing member and may be, additionally, provided between the outer skin and the reinforcing member.
  • the provision of insulating infilling between the reinforcing member and the inner skin eliminates "cold bridging" through the reinforcing member from the exterior of the roof to the interior of the module.
  • Any tendency to sag in the roof beams may be compensated for by providing spacer members of appropriate length to eliminate any downward deflection of the or each roof panel.
  • the slope of the roof panels may lie in the range 1 in 120 to 1 in 60.
  • Each wall panel may comprise a structural sandwich comprising an outer metal skin and an inner skin sandwiching therebetween an insulating infilling.
  • the outer metal skin may comprise a steel sheet which may be profiled and/or be plastics coated.
  • the inner skin may comprise a metal skin and may comprise a steel sheet which may be profiled and/or be plastics coated.
  • the inner skin may also comprise gypsum or the like board bonded to the steel inner skin.
  • the infilling may be bonded to the inner and outer skins and may be a rigid foam or expanded plastics material.
  • the or each wall panel may comprise a timber framework to which the inner and outer skins are secured.
  • the inner and/or outer skins may comprise a plurality of sheets of skin material which are joined along lines which, in the erected building, are horizontal.
  • the sheets may be joined together by being crimped together.
  • the columns may comprise channel or hollow section steel columns although other constructions are possible.
  • the wall panels may be connected to the columns by fasteners extending through the panels and engaged with the columns.
  • the columns may be disposed externally of the wall panel.
  • the upper ends of the columns may be each abutted against a side of a roof beam and secured thereto in any suitable manner, for example, by means of an angle bracket welded, bolted or otherwise fastened to an outwardly presented face of the roof beam and bolted, welded or otherwise fastened to a side of the column orthogonal to the outwardly presented face of the roof beam.
  • the columns of adjacent wall structures may be disposed in side by side relationship and may be connected together, for example, by suitable fasteners which may connect brackets secured to the columns.
  • a plurality of roof structures may be disposed side by side with a roof beam of one roof structure disposed side by side with a roof beam of an adjacent roof structure, the roof structure being supported by appropriate wall structures. Where two roof structures are disposed side by side with a roof beam of each structure disposed in side by side relationship these roof beams may be unsupported by wall structures intermediate their ends.
  • the roof panel or panels provide sufficient strength to hold the roof beams rigidly apart at their upper ends by virtue of the provision of the reinforcing members.
  • the reinforcing members are of the channel configuration described hereinbefore
  • the relatively long one limb of the reinforcing members resists the compressive forces imposed upon the panel whilst the other limb, together with the inner skin, which is preferably made of steel, resists tensile forces.
  • the outer skin is not called upon to contribute to resist the compressive forces and thus the outer skin may be made of any desired material without regard to its ability to resist compressive forces. This permits the use of plastics coated steel sheet provided with corrugations in the longitudinal direction, which skin has little ability to resist compressive force in the transverse direction of the roof structure.
  • the floor structure may comprise a decking supported by a plurality of cross members which extend between and are carried by floor beams connected to the columns. Thermal insulation may be provided below such cross members, such as a foil-faced thermal layer or other similar material fastened to the underside of the cross members.
  • the decking which may be of plywood, chipboard or the like, extends across the upper faces of the floor beams whilst the cross members extend between and are secured to the inner faces of the floor beams.
  • the roof beams and the floor beams each comprise channel section steel beams arranged with the webs thereof extending vertically and the limbs extending horizontally with the open mouth of the channel facing inwardly of the module, although other types of beams may, alternatively, be utilised.
  • the floor, roof and wall panels of the unit are disposed entirely within the metal frame, so that the interior of the unit is free substantially from inwardly protruding beams, and thus alleviating "cold bridging" which otherwise establishes a heat loss path between the interior of the unit and the metal frame through these structures.
  • a solid floor such as a concrete floor may be provided.
  • the building may be of any desired length, which is a multiple of the "length" of the individual sub units.
  • the building comprises 6 sub units of which only four complete sub units and part of a fifth sub unit are shown in Figure 2.
  • the sixth sub unit is similar to the sub unit 10 a shown in Figure 2.
  • the two end sub units have an overall "length” of 3.3 meters whilst the intermediate sub units have an overall "length” of 2.942 meters whilst the internal “length” of each sub unit is 2.936 meters.
  • each sub unit comprises a roof structure 20 and a pair of opposed side wall structures, 30 a -30 b , whilst the end sub units have, in addition, further end wall structures 30 c - e .
  • Each roof structure 20 comprises a pair of spaced parallel roof beams 21 which support a roof panel 22 extending therebetween.
  • the roof beams 21 of the intermediate sub units 10 b , 10 c lie parallel to an adjacent roof beam of an adjacent end or intermediate sub unit.
  • Each roof beam 21 is of channel configuration with the web of the channel lying in a vertical plane and the open mouth of the channel facing inwardly of the sub unit.
  • the webs of adjacent roof beams 21 are bolted together by a suitable screw threaded fasteners.
  • the roof structures 20 are supported at the ends of the roof beams 21 on the pair of opposed side wall structures 30 a , 30 b whilst the roof structures of the end sub units have the end roof beam 21 a additionally supported by the end wall structures 30 c -30 e .
  • Each wall structure 30 a -30e comprises a pair of spaced vertical columns 31 which support wall panels 32 extending therebetween.
  • the columns 31 of the wall structures 30 c -30 e on the end wall of the building shown in Figure 1 are connected, at their upper ends, to the roof beam 21 a by means of angle brackets 33, one limb 34 of which is welded to a side surface 35 of each column 31 and the other limb 36 of which is bolted to the roof beam 21 a .
  • the columns 31 are welded to feet 37.
  • the intermediate wall structure 30 d has a web part 38 of each foot 37 bolted to a corresponding web part 38 of the foot 37 of the adjacent column of the adjacent end wall structures 30 c , 30 e .
  • the columns 31 of the intermediate structure 30 d have one limb of angle brackets 39 welded to an outwardly facing surface of the columns 31 and the other limbs of the angle bracket 39 are bolted to a corresponding angle bracket provided on the adjacent column 31 of the end wall structures 30 c -30 e .
  • the columns 31 of the wall structures 30 a , 30 b along the longitudinally extending side of the building shown in Figure 2 are connected at their upper ends to the roof beams 21 by angle brackets 40 which are bolted to the inwardly facing surface 41 of the columns 31 and the inwardly facing surface 42 of the web of the roof beams 21.
  • the columns 31 of each such intermediate sub unit are provided with angle bracket 39 which is bolted to an angle bracket of the adjacent intermediate sections or an angle bracket provided on the adjacent column of each end sub unit.
  • These columns 31 at, their lower ends, are provided with feet 37 as described hereinbefore and adjacent feet of adjacent columns are interconnected as described hereinbefore.
  • the columns 31 are of rectangular box section but may be of other section if desired.
  • the end wall structures at the corners of the building are provided with wind bracing 50 as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2.
  • each column 31 on the end elevation has an angle bracket 45 welded to the inwardly facing surface of the column and a horizontally extending limb 46 thereof has bolted thereto one flange 47 of a lower wall beam 48 of channel section, the free ends of the limbs having inturned lips.
  • lower wall beams are similarly connected to the brackets 45 and extend transversely of each sub unit.
  • the lower ends of the wall panel 32 are secured by self tapping screws or other fastener means to the lower wall beams 48, 49.
  • a concrete slab floor is provided, or if desired a suspended floor may be provided.
  • the suspended floor may comprise floor beams and transversely extending joists which support a sheet of plywood or other suitable materials such as chipboard.
  • a foil faced thermal blanket may underdraw the floor joists and be secured.
  • a foil faced film or blanket underdraws the floor joists and is secured to the bottom flange of each joist by pneumatically driven nails and galvanised washers, or self-drilling screws or other suitable fasteners.
  • the foil facings of the thermal blanket act in combination with the air gap created under the floor deck provided by the plywood to reflect radiated heat from the floor back into the building. Since the natural direction of convected heat flows upwards, this gives a warm layer of air just below the floor deck.
  • the thermal blanket is in one piece with no gaps and thus prevents draughts.
  • the thermal blanket covers the bottom of the floor joists.
  • the thermal blanket has a Class 1 surface spread of flame, which assures a safe fire performance and has a life in excess of forty years and is not affected by moisture.
  • Each roof structure 20 comprises a roof panel 22 which extends between and is secured to the roof beams 21 therebelow by attachment to the lower flanges 51 thereof.
  • the roof panel 22 comprises an inner skin 52 of plastics coated steel, an outer skin 53 also of plastics coated steel, a timber perimeter framework, part of which is shown at T, with the space between them being filled by a foamed plastics material 54, which, in the present example, is polyurethane foam.
  • the inner skin 52 comprises a plurality of planar plastics coated steel sheets 52 a e.g. seven.
  • the plastic coating is that commonly known as a "low gloss Dolomite architectural polyester".
  • the seven sheets are disposed side-by-side longitudinally of the roof panel and each sheet extends across the whole of the transverse extent of the roof panel. The adjacent edges of the sheets are crimped together, as shown at 55 in Figures 7 and 8.
  • the outer skin 53 comprises three profiled plastic coated steel sheets 53 a , the plastic coating in the present example providing a silk grey plastisol coating.
  • Each sheet extends throughout the longitudinal extent of the roof panel and the sheets are disposed in side-by-side relation across the transverse extent of the roof panel with adjacent side portions in overlapping relationship so that the adjacent end two corrugations partially overlap as shown at 56 a , 56 b in Figure 9.
  • a sealing strip is provided at the apex of the outer pair of overlapping corrugations as shown at 57.
  • the roof panel is manufactured by assembling the sheets 52 a of the lower skin 52 in crimped relationship in a jig, positioning spacer blocks 58 of diamond configuration at the locations shown in Figure 6, assembling the peripheral frame T, the members of which are secured together by corrugated plates, on top of the sheets of the lower skin, and positioning dividers 60 adjacent the crimped together seams 55.
  • Each divider 60 comprising a base part 60 a of plywood and an upper part 60 b of expanded polyurethane foam material, the upper surface of which has a configuration corresponding to the configuration of the profile of the sheets 53 a of the upper skin 53.
  • These dividers 60 serve to divide the roof panel into sections which are filled, after assembly of the sheets 53 a of the upper skin 53 on top of the previously described components through injection grooves 61 provided on the upper surface of one longitudinally extending member of the frame T.
  • each divider 60 Also assembled in the jig adjacent each divider 60 is a transversely extending reinforcing member 62 made of steel and of assymetric channel configuration comprising a web 63 disposed vertically so as to extend normal to the general plane of the inner and outer skins 52, 53, a lower limb 64 of relatively narrow extent and an upper limb 65 of relatively wider extent, in the present example approximately twice as wide as the limb 64.
  • the limbs 64, 65 are disposed so as to extend perpendicular to the web part 63.
  • the limb 65 projects longitudinally outwardly of the web part 63 and lower limb 64 so as to overlie the longitudinally extending members of the frame T to be received in a rebate 66 formed therein, so that the upper surface of the limb 65 is flush with the upper surface of the longitudinally extending frame member.
  • the lower limb 64 is spaced above the skin 52 so that when foam insulating material, in the present example polyurethane foam, is injected into the sections through the grooves 61, insulating material enters the space between the undersurface of the limb 64 and the upwardly facing surface of the skin 52, so as to avoid cold bridging between the inner and outer skins through the transverse reinforcing members 62.
  • the sheets 53 a of the upper skin 53 stop short of the longitudinally extending members of the frame T and a steel strip 68 is arranged in overlapping relationship with the edge of the sheets 53 a adjacent the associated frame member T with a sealant 69 therebetween, whilst the other end of the strip 68 is nailed to the frame member T.
  • the transversely extending ends of the sheets 53 a are nailed in the valleys to the transversely extending members of the frame T where the three sheets overlap so that the bottom roof sheet is penetrated by the nail and the nail head covered by the top sheet.
  • the ends of the sheet which is to provide the upper end of the roof panel, in use, are bent upwardly through 90 ° , whilst at the other end, the sheet is bent downwardly through an angle of approximately 20 ° so that water cannot flow from the valleys at the upper end because of the upturn and the downturn facilitates flow therefrom.
  • a weatherproof membrane e.g. Hypalon sheet is nailed below the valleys of the bottom sheet at the lower end of the roof member T to provide a discharge path for water.
  • the plywood base part 60 a of the dividers 60 project longitudinally outwardly beyond the upper part 60 b and are received in a slot 69 formed in the longitudinal frame members T.
  • the roof sheets are positioned below the lower flanges 51 of the roof beams with spacers 70 therebetween.
  • the spacers 70 increase in height from one end of the roof panel to the other so that the roof panel is inclined downwardly as the spacers 70 increase in height relative to the roof beams 21 so that water is discharged from the lower end of the roof panel.
  • the angle of inclination is 1 in 60 but may lie in the range 1 in 120 to 1 in 60 depending upon the application of the building.
  • a suitable trim fitting 72 is provided between the roof beams 21 and the roof panel with a suitable sealant therebetween.
  • connection between the roof panel and the beams 21 comprises a plurality of bolts 73 which pass through apertures formed in the lower skin 52, longitudinally extending frame members T, projecting part of the upper limb 65 and the flange 51 of the roof beams 21.
  • the roof panel 22 described above provides sufficient strength to hold the roof beams 21 a apart. This is particularly due to the reinforcing members 62. It has further been found that this construction has advantages compared to conventional structures having metal cross members because cold bridging is reduced, because of the thermally insulating foam in the gaps 67 between the reinforcing members 62 and the inner skin 52, as well as the timber of the peripheral frame T being a better insulator than metal. Thus condensation, which can occur in metal framed buildings, is reduced. Another advantage with this construction is that the structure is considerably simplified and costs in producing such building are accordingly reduced.
  • Each wall structure 30 comprises a wall panel 32 which extends between and is secured to the columns 31 by attachment to the inner faces 80 thereof.
  • the panels 32 comprise an outer skin 81 of plastics coated steel, an inner skin 82, of plasterboard bonded to a plastics coated steel sheet 83, secured to a framework of timber members 84 and with foamed plastics insulation material 85 therebetween, which in the present example is polyurethane foam.
  • the inner and outer skins 82, 81 each comprise six planar plastics coated steel sheets.
  • the plastic coating is commonly known as a "low gloss Dolomite architechtural polyester".
  • the six sheets are disposed side-by-side along the height of the wall structure so that adjacent edges of the sheets lie horizontally in the erected building. The adjacent edges of the sheets are crimped together in the same way as the sheets 52 a of the inner skin 52 of the roof panel.
  • the wall panels are manufactured in a similar manner to that described hereinbefore for the roof panels in that the sheets 83 of the inner skin are assembled in crimped relationship in a jig, plasterboard is then positioned on top of the sheets 83 and spacer blocks similar to the blocks 58 hereinbefore described are positioned at apporpriate locations and then the timber frame members 84 are assembled, the members of which are secured together by corrugated plates, on top of sheets of the plasterboard and then dividers, similar to the dividers 60 of the roof panels, are positioned adjacent the crimped together seams.
  • the dividers serve to divide the wall panels into sections which are filled, after assembly of the sheets 81 of the upper skin on top of the previously described components, through injection grooves, similar to the grooves 61, provided in the upper surface of one longitudinally extending member of the frame 84.
  • No reinforcing members similar to the members 62 are provided in the wall panels.
  • the wall panels are fastened to their associated pair of columns 31 by suitable self-tapping fasteners which pass through the wall panels and are threadedly engaged in the columns 31.
  • an internal and external trim strip may be provided, if desired, to cover the joint between adjacent columns of wall structures.
  • the edges of the side and wall panels are masked by appropriate facia panels and a gutter and drainpipe is positioned at the lower end of the roof panels.
  • the wall panels are provided with all necessary doors, windows and the like and the windows may be single or double glazed as required.
  • roof panels may be provided secured to and below the roof beam instead of a single roof panel.
  • the wall structure may comprise a plurality of wall panels fastened to the columns although in each of the above cases it would be necessary to provide appropriate seals between adjacent roof and/or wall panels.
  • the building is erected on site by initially erecting a side wall structure e.g. 30 a and holding it vertically by a suitable jig or frame.
  • An end side wall structure 30 e is then erected at right angles to the first erected side wall structure so as to define a corner of the building.
  • Further end wall structures 30 d , 30 c are then provided along the end of the building shown in Figure 1 and then the side wall structure 30 b .
  • a roof structure 20 is then lifted by a crane so that the roof beams thereof can be rested upon inturned angles, not shown, provided at the top of the columns of the wall structures 30 a , 30 b .
  • the beams 21 are bolted to the columns using the brackets 40 described hereinbefore.
  • a further side wall structure 30 a , 30 b is then erected at opposite ends of the building and a further roof structure raised and bolted in position. The procedure is repeated until the building is completed and on the last sub unit wall structures corresponds to the end wall structures 30 c -30 e provided.
  • the roof structures 20 are transported to site in a pack illustrated in Figure 10.
  • the pack may comprise as many roof structures as are required and which can be conveniently carried in a given permitted height, for example in the present example approximately 2.7 metres, which permits of transport of four roof structures.
  • each roof structure is fastened in stacked relationship by stacking angles 90 at corners of the roof structures, the stacking angles being bolted to the top flange of the roof beam therebelow as shown at 91 and bolted to the angle bracket 40 as shown at 92.
  • Strengthening bars 93 are bolted to the webs of the roof beams at approximately their mid-point and a pair of transversely extending transportation channels 94 are bolted to the bottom roof beams to provide bearers far supporting the pack on the back of a lorry or other transport.
  • FIG. 11 four wall structures are transported in a pack illustrated generally at 100.
  • the columns 31 of the wall structures are connected together intermediate their ends at a position approximately 2 metres from the foot ends by spanning bars 101.
  • One transportation channel 102 is bolted to the underside of the feet 37 of the lowermost wall structure at one end of the pack whilst a second transportation channel 103 is bolted to the angle brackets 33 at the opposite end of the lowermost wall structure.
  • a wall structure for an intermediate wall unit must be disposed at the bottom of the pack.
  • Wooden spacer blocks 104 are provided between adjacent columns 31.
  • the roof structure pack has a length of 12.23 metres, a width of 3 metres and a height of 2.65 metres overall whilst the wall structure pack has a length of 8 metres, a width of 3.33 metres and a height of 11.1 metres.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Ein modulares Gebäude mit einer Mehrzahl von Untereinheiten, wobei jede Untereinheit eine Wandstruktur (20) und Paar von beabstandeten, parallelen Seitenwandstrukturen (30a, 30b) aufweist, von denen die Dachstruktur getragen wird, wobei die Seitenstrukturen (30a, 30b) ein Paar von beabstandeten, parallelen Stützen (31) aufweist, zwischen denen sich isolierende Paneele (32) erstrecken, die eine äußere Haut (81) und eine innere Haut (82) aufweisen, zwischen denen eine isolierende Füllung (85) vorgesehen ist und jede Dachstruktur (20) eine isolierende Dachpaneele (22) bestehend aus einer inneren Haut (52) und einer äußeren Haut (53) mit einer dazwischen angeordneten isolierenden Füllung (54) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Seitenwandstruktur (30a, 30b) sich über im wesentlichen die ganze Höhe des Gebäudes erstreckt und dessen unteres Ende von einem Fundament getragen wird und dessen gegenüberliegendes Ende mit der Dachstruktur (20) verbunden ist, wobei die Gesamthöhe jeder Wandstruktur des Gebäudes in einem Bereich von 5 - 8 Metern liegt und dadurch, daß jede Dachstruktur jeder Untereinheit weiter ein Paar von beabstandeten, parallelen Dachbalken (21) aufweist, die an den Säulen (31) der Seitenwandstrukturen der Untereinheit befestigt sind, sich zwischen diesen erstrecken und von diesen getragen sind, und sich in einer ersten Ebene erstrecken, jede isolierende Dachpaneele (22) mit den Dachbalken (21) der jeweiligen Untereinheit so befestigt sind, daß sich die Paneele zwischen diesen in einer zweiten Ebene unterhalb der ersten Ebene erstreckt und die Dach- und Wandpaneele (22, 32) der Einheit vollständig in einem Metallrahmen angeordnet sind, der durch die Dachbalken (21) und die Säulen (31) gebildet wird, so daß das Innere der Einheit von nach innen vorragenden Balken frei ist.
  2. Gebäude nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Dachstruktur (20) ein Paar von beabstandeten parallelen Dachbalken (21) aufweist, die miteinander nur durch eine oder mehrere Dachpaneele (22) miteinander verbunden sind, die oder jede der Dachpaneele (22) eine isolierten Sandwich-Struktur mit einer inneren Haut (52) und einer äußeren Haut (53) aufweist und zwischen sich isolierende Füllungen hat und wenigstens ein Querverstärkungselement (62) zwischen den Enden der Paneele angeordnet ist.
  3. Gebäude nach Anspruch 2, wobei das oder jedes der Querverstärkungselemente (62) einen U-Stahlabschnitt aufweist, dessen Steg (63) im wesentlichen senkrecht zu und zwischen der inneren Haut (52) und der äußeren Haut (53) erstreckt und ein Schenkel (65) der Sektion sich im wesentlichen parallel zu und benachbart der äußeren Haut (53) erstreckt und von größerer Länge als der innere Schenkel (64) ist, der näher zu der inneren Haut (52) und im wesentlichen parallel zu dieser angeordnet ist.
  4. Gebäude nach Anspruch 3, wobei die Dachpaneele (22) ein Paar von voneinander beabstandeten parallelen Seitenelementen (T) aufweist und das Verstärkungselement oder die Elemente (62) sich zwischen den Seitenelementen (62) erstrecken und mit diesen verbunden sind über den Steg (63) hinaus und einen Abschnitt des Seitenelements (T) an jedem Ende des Verstärkungselements (62) überdecken.
  5. Gebäude nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Dachpaneele (22) mit den Dachbalken (21) derart befestigt ist, daß sie unterhalb der Dachbalken (21) mit einem Abstand angeordnet ist, der von einem Ende der Dachstruktur (20) zu dem anderen zunimmt.
  6. Gebäude nach Anspruch 5, wobei der obere Schenkel (65) des Verstärkungselements (62) die äußere Haut (53) die Seitenelemente (T) der Dachpaneele (20) alle direkt mit einem Dachbalken (21) verbunden sind, um die strukturelle Kontinuität zu sichern, jedoch unter Vorsehung von Abstandselementen, wie erforderlich, um die Dachpaneele mit einer geeigneten Neigung auszubilden.
  7. Gebäude nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei jeder Dachbalken (21) an gegenüberliegenden Enden mit einer Stütze (31) einer Wandstruktur (30a, 30b) durch einen Winkelträger (40) befestigt ist, der wiederum an senkrecht angeordneten Flächen des Dachbalkens (21) und der Stütze (31) befestigt ist.
  8. Gebäude nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Wandpaneele (32) mit der Stütze (31) durch Befestigungselemente verbunden ist, die sich durch die Paneele (32) erstrecken und mit den Stützen (31) in Eingriff sind.
  9. Modulares Gebäude nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei jede isolierende Paneele (22) eine Sandwich-Struktur mit inneren (52) und äußeren Häuten (53) und mit einer isolierenden Füllung (54) hat, wenigstens einem Verstärkungselement (62), das zwischen den Häuten und zwischen den Enden der Paneele angeordnet ist, wobei die äußere Haut (53) ein profiliertes Stahlblatt mit einer Mehrzahl von Wellungen aufweist, die sich parallel zu den Dachbalken erstrecken, das Verstärkungselement oder jedes der Verstärkungselemente (62) sich quer zu den Wellungen erstrecken und eine Metallsektion aufweisen, die zwischen der inneren (52) und der äußeren Haut (53) und zwischen den Enden der Paneele (22) angeordnet ist, daß oder jedes Verstärkungselement (52) an seinen gegenüberliegenden Enden mit einem zugehörigen Dachbalken (21) mittels eines Befestigungselements (73) verbunden ist, das mit dem Querverstärkungselement (62) und mit einem zugehörigen Dachbalken (21) in Eingriff ist.
  10. Verfahren zum Errichten eines Gebäudes nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche an Ort und Stelle aus einer Mehrzahl von Komponenten, mit den Schritten des Transportierens der Komponenten, aus denen das Gebäude zu errichten ist, an einen Erstellungsort in Form von wenigstens einer zusammengelegten Gruppe mit einer Dachstruktur bestehend aus einem Paar von Dachbalken, durch die eine Dachpaneele getragen wird, um sich zwischen diesen zu erstrecken, und eine Mehrzahl von Wandstrukturen, die jeweils ein Paar von Stützen aufweist, durch die eine Wandpaneele getragen wird, um sich zwischen diesen zu erstrecken, und, an Ort und Stelle, richten der Wandstrukturen und Verbinden deren Stützen mit den Dachbalken, so daß die Dachstruktur von den Wandstrukturen getragen wird.
EP88115975A 1987-10-06 1988-09-28 Verfahren zur Errichtung eines Modulargebäudes Expired - Lifetime EP0310926B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8723390 1987-10-06
GB878723390A GB8723390D0 (en) 1987-10-06 1987-10-06 Erecting modular building

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0310926A1 EP0310926A1 (de) 1989-04-12
EP0310926B1 true EP0310926B1 (de) 1994-04-13

Family

ID=10624836

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88115975A Expired - Lifetime EP0310926B1 (de) 1987-10-06 1988-09-28 Verfahren zur Errichtung eines Modulargebäudes

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0310926B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3889056T2 (de)
GB (2) GB8723390D0 (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9103576D0 (en) * 1991-02-20 1991-04-10 Portakabin Ltd Portable building modules
AT390U1 (de) * 1993-05-14 1995-09-25 Z Miroslav Ein montiertes objekt
US10589491B2 (en) * 2016-04-16 2020-03-17 Module Design, Inc. Removable and re-attachable roof system for modular residential construction

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3755976A (en) * 1970-04-20 1973-09-04 Allied Steel Prod Corp Prestructured building and panels therefor

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
LU35374A1 (de) * 1959-05-19
FR1523458A (fr) * 1967-03-24 1968-05-03 Euro France Inter Soc Ensemble d'éléments préfabriqués pour la réalisation de constructions provisoires
FR2062048A5 (de) * 1969-10-08 1971-06-25 Ascinter Otis
GB2062044A (en) * 1979-08-03 1981-05-20 Hygena Ltd Garden sheds
GB2084213B (en) * 1980-09-19 1984-07-04 Portakabin Ltd Portable building unit
GB2092640B (en) * 1981-02-07 1984-04-04 Portakabin Ltd Portable building unit
US4453356A (en) * 1982-06-25 1984-06-12 Kelly Klosure Systems Modular panel system for temporary buildings
US4637179A (en) * 1984-02-03 1987-01-20 Bigelow F E Jun Knockdown building
GB2164678A (en) * 1984-09-22 1986-03-26 Portakabin Ltd Collapsible building
IT1201296B (it) * 1985-05-21 1989-01-27 Edil Pro Spa Struttura trasportabile perfezionata,atta a costituire abitazioni od altri ambienti
BR8607098A (pt) * 1986-02-06 1988-02-09 Gad Moshe Meiry Casa
US4669231A (en) * 1986-03-13 1987-06-02 Binistar International, N.V. Building construction and method utilizing modular components
GB8624017D0 (en) * 1986-10-07 1986-11-12 Portakabin Ltd Building module

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3755976A (en) * 1970-04-20 1973-09-04 Allied Steel Prod Corp Prestructured building and panels therefor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3889056T2 (de) 1994-07-28
GB2210647A (en) 1989-06-14
GB8822327D0 (en) 1988-10-26
DE3889056D1 (de) 1994-05-19
GB2210647B (en) 1992-03-18
GB8723390D0 (en) 1987-11-11
EP0310926A1 (de) 1989-04-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4641468A (en) Panel structure and building structure made therefrom
US4813193A (en) Modular building panel
US4674250A (en) Modular building panel
US6256960B1 (en) Modular building construction and components thereof
US4517782A (en) Construction element
US8141313B2 (en) Interlocking roofing panel system
US4628650A (en) Structural insulated panel system
US20070245640A1 (en) Building Structure and Modular Construction
US3229431A (en) Frameless modular multistory building
US6588171B2 (en) Cellular-core structural panel, and building structure incorporating same
US20140090321A1 (en) Modular building system utilizing composite, foam core panels
US3304675A (en) Building constructions
US4894964A (en) Building structure and method
EP0006756B1 (de) Tragende, zusammengesetzte Platte
US20090090083A1 (en) Roofing panel assembly
US10196808B1 (en) Building comprising prefabricated composite panels with rigid structural frame
US4310992A (en) Structural panel
US3808755A (en) Industrialised building structure
US4590721A (en) Wood panel earth shelter construction
EP0058354B1 (de) Transportierbare Baueinheit
GB2084213A (en) Portable building unit
US4274242A (en) Building systems
US3744197A (en) Building structure
KR20010012388A (ko) 모듈라 샌드위치 패널과 주택건축방법
EP0310926B1 (de) Verfahren zur Errichtung eines Modulargebäudes

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): BE CH DE FR GB LI NL

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19890516

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19900521

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): BE CH DE FR LI NL

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): BE CH DE FR LI NL

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3889056

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19940519

ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20000912

Year of fee payment: 13

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20000918

Year of fee payment: 13

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20000927

Year of fee payment: 13

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20000928

Year of fee payment: 13

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20001117

Year of fee payment: 13

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010930

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010930

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010930

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: PORTAKABIN LTD

Effective date: 20010930

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020401

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020501

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020531

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 20020401

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 20020401