EP0546540B1 - Transportierbare Baueinheit - Google Patents

Transportierbare Baueinheit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0546540B1
EP0546540B1 EP19920121060 EP92121060A EP0546540B1 EP 0546540 B1 EP0546540 B1 EP 0546540B1 EP 19920121060 EP19920121060 EP 19920121060 EP 92121060 A EP92121060 A EP 92121060A EP 0546540 B1 EP0546540 B1 EP 0546540B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheets
unit
disposed
wall
panel structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19920121060
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0546540A1 (de
Inventor
David Tinkler
Glyn Thomas Body
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Portakabin Ltd
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Portakabin Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0546540A1 publication Critical patent/EP0546540A1/de
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Publication of EP0546540B1 publication Critical patent/EP0546540B1/de
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
    • E04B1/3483—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of metal

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a portable building unit, hereinafter referred to as being of the kind specified, comprising a roof structure and a wall structure.
  • the unit may comprise a structural metal frame to which the roof and wall structures are attached.
  • EP-0,058,354B and GB-2,084,213B disclose examples of such a unit which are fully factory assembled for delivery to prepared sites in an assembled condition complete with at least the roof structure.
  • EP-0,039,592B discloses such a unit which is intended to be transported in a pack for erection when delivered to a suitable site.
  • GB-2,173,229 discloses a portable building unit according to the preamble to claim 1 and in which the longer side walls comprise a single composite wall panel having an outer skin comprising a plurality of rectangular sheets disposed within their longer sides vertically.
  • the height of building unit which can be provided is restricted by the need to handle outer skin panels which extend over the full height of the unit.
  • the invention also relates to a modular building assembly, hereinafter referred to as being of the kind specified, comprising a first building unit of the kind specified stacked on top of a second building unit of the kind specified to provide a building assembly having at least two storeys.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a new and improved building unit of the kind specified and another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved building assembly of the kind specified.
  • a building unit which is rectangular in plan view comprising a wall structure having a shorter side wall and a longer side wall and a roof structure, the wall structure comprising a composite wall panel structure having an inner skin, an outer skin and an infilling therebetween, the outer skin comprising at least one sheet which provides an external surface of the wall structure, characterised in that said longer side wall comprises of plurality of discrete rectangular wall panel structures, each discrete wall panel structure comprising an internal framework having an upright edge member extending along each vertical side of the panel structure and an outer skin which comprises a plurality of rectangular sheets each rectangular sheet having two longer opposed edges and two shorter opposed edges, the sheets being juxtaposed in edge to edge relationship with longer opposed sides disposed horizontally and shorter opposed sides disposed vertically and the horizontally disposed edges of adjacent sheets being joined together to provide joints between said sheets and said discrete wall panel structures being disposed with vertical sides thereof in side by side relationship and with adjacent upright edge members of adjacent wall panel structures being disposed side by side.
  • At least one of said sheets may be provided with a non-planar configuration having at least one bend about a horizontal line to provide a rebate
  • Said infilling may comprise an insulating infilling to which the inner skin and the sheets of the outer skin may be bonded.
  • the outer skin may be made of metal, such as steel, which may be coated with plastics material or otherwise provided with a weatherproof finish.
  • the inner skin may be of plasterboard, plastisol or of metal, such as steel, which may be coated with a plastics material.
  • the insulating infilling may comprise a foam plastics material.
  • Said horizontally disposed edges may be joined together continuously or at least at a plurality of positions along the lengths of said edges.
  • Said horizontally disposed edges of adjacent sheets may be provided with inturned flanges which are secured together continuously or at least at a plurality of positions along the lengths thereof.
  • the or each flange may be continuous in which case the outer sheets are joined together continuously along their lengths, or discontinuous, in which case the outer sheets are joined together at a plurality of positions spaced along their length.
  • One of said flanges may be of generally channel shape, having a pair of limbs interconnected by a base and the other flange being received between said limbs.
  • the channel may have a restricted width mouth to provide a frictional engagement with'the other flange.
  • the internal framework may also comprise a plurality of lateral members extending between the inner and outer skins and positioned at or adjacent the joints between the sheets of the outer skin.
  • the lateral members may be disposed adjacent one side of the joint so that the joint is embedded in the insulating infilling.
  • the inner skin may comprise a plurality of rectangular sheets each of which have opposed, horizontally disposed edges, said horizontally disposed edges of adjacent cover sheets being juxtaposed with said adjacent edges of said inner sheets in overlapping relationship with said lateral members of the framework.
  • the building unit may comprise a structural metal frame to which are secured the roof structure and said at least one wall panel structure.
  • the building unit may also be provided with a floor structure which may be secured to the metal frame.
  • the structural metal frame may comprise uprights.
  • the structural metal frame may comprise a pair of lateral upstanding, preferably generally vertical, sub-frames, each of said sub-frames including an upper member and a lower member, the upper and lower members of each sub-frame being interconnected by uprights.
  • the lower members of the sub-frames may be rigidly interconnected in spaced apart parallel relation by frame cross-members which extend between the lower members.
  • a floor panel may extend between and be supported by the lower members of the sub-frames.
  • the upper members of the sub-frames may be interconnected solely by one or more roof panels, each of which extends between and is secured below the upper members of such sub-frames so that the upper members are wholly external of the habitable volume of the unit.
  • Said at least one roof panel may comprise an external skin of sheet metal, an internal skin and an infilling therebetween, the external skin comprising a plurality of profiled metal sheets, the sheets being disposed in side by side relationship with edge corrugations of the profile in overlapping and sealing relationship and preferably each sheet extends as a one-piece sheet over the full length of the roof structure from one end of the roof beam to the opposite end thereof.
  • the sheets are bonded to the infilling and the infilling is bonded to the internal skin.
  • the structural metal frame may comprise rectangular floor sub-frame comprising a pair of spaced parallel floor beams connected together by transversely extending floor joists, a rectangular roof sub-frame comprising a pair of spaced parallel roof beams interconnected by a plurality of transversely extending roof joists, at least some of the transverse joists being connected to the roof beams intermediate the ends of the roof beams, and a plurality of upstanding, preferably generally vertical, columns extending between and interconnecting the floor and roof sub-frames.
  • At least one floor panel may be supported on the floor joists.
  • At least one roof panel may be supported on the roof joists.
  • At least of one of said shorter upstanding sides of at least one of said rectangular sheet may be disposed behind a surface, of an upright element, which face inwardly of the building unit, so that said upright element is disposed external to the habitable volume of the unit.
  • Both of said shorter upstanding sides of each of said rectangular sheets may be disposed behind surfaces, of upright elements, which face inwardly of the building unit.
  • Said upstanding frame members of the panel structure may be fastened to said upright elements, for example by screw threaded fasteners.
  • the building unit may be rectangular in plan, having a pair of, shorter, end walls and a pair of, longer, side walls.
  • An end wall may comprise a panel structure wherein the sheets extend across the full width of the end wall with the upstanding edges of the panel structure disposed behind a surface, of an upright element, which faces inwardly of the building unit, so that said upright element is disposed external to the habitable volume of the unit.
  • the end wall comprises a single panel structure.
  • the upright elements at the ends of the end wall may be square in cross section.
  • Vertical edges of adjacent sheets of adjacent wall panel structures of the side wall may be disposed behind a surface of an intermediate upright element, which faces inwardly of the building unit, so that said upright element is disposed external to the habitable volume of the unit.
  • the intermediate upright elements may be rectangular in cross-section with the longer sides extending parallel to the length of the side wall.
  • the vertical edges of the panel structures at the ends of the side wall may be disposed adjacent a surface of an upright element, which faces inwardly of the building unit along the length of the side wall so that said upright element is disposed external to the habitable volume of the unit.
  • the upright elements, intermediate upright elements and/or further upright elements may comprise an upright of the structural frame of the building unit which is disposed external to the volume of the building unit.
  • the wall structure is provided with an opening which is disposed so that at least one of its upper edge and its lower edge is disposed below or above respectively an upper longer side or a lower longer side of said at least one sheet.
  • At least one wall of the unit, adjacent its bottom edge, may be provided with a rebate to receive an edge portion of a skirt panel structure.
  • Said at least one wall may be provided with said rebate by having a reduced thickness portion provided in the wall structure itself and an upper edge portion of the skirt panel structure overlaps a lower edge portion of the outer sheet of the wall panel structure of said wall, said outer sheet being configured to provide a surface of said rebate.
  • the skirt panel may be of sandwich construction comprising inner and outer metal sheets and may have an infilling of timber or mineral composite board.
  • the outer surface of the skirt pad structure may lie in, or substantially in, the same plane as the outer skin of said at least one wall.
  • a third aspect of the invention we provide an assembly of building units according to the first aspect of the invention or the second aspect of the invention wherein a building unit is stacked on top of another building unit.
  • an intermediate panel structure is provided between the bottom lateral edge of at least one of the side and end wall of the upper unit and the top lateral edge of at least one of the side and end wall of the lower unit.
  • the skirt panel may be of sandwich construction comprising inner and outer metal sheets with an infilling of timber or mineral composite board.
  • the outer surface of the skirt panel structure may lie in or substantially in the same plane as the outer skins of said at least one wall.
  • the lower edge of the panel structure of the lower unit may be provided with a reduced thickness portion to provide a rebate similar to the rebate of the upper unit and there being a skirt panel to provide a trim at the bottom of the unit.
  • the upper unit of said assembly may be provided with a roof panel.
  • the roof panel may comprise an external skin of sheet metal, an internal skin and an infilling therebetween, the external skin comprising a plurality of profiled metal sheets, the sheets being disposed in side by side relationship with edge corrugations of the profile in overlapping and sealing relationship and preferably each sheet extends as a one-piece sheet over the full length of the roof structure from one end of the roof beam to the opposite end thereof.
  • the lower or an intermediate unit, where provided, of said assembly may be provided with a ceiling panel.
  • the ceiling panel may comprise a sandwich construction having an upper skin of plywood and a lower skin of steel with suitable insulating material therebetween and with a peripheral timber frame disposed between the inner and outer skins.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown in Figures 1 and 2 a building assembly 10 comprising four building units 11 - 14. Each building unit is rectangular in plan view having a short end wall 15 and a long side wall 16.
  • the units 11 and 12 are disposed in side by side relationship with two of their longer sides adjacent.
  • the building units 13, 14 are likewise disposed in side by side relationship but with the unit 13 stacked on top of the unit 11 and the unit 14 stacked on top of the unit 12.
  • each storey can be disposed in side by side relationship and/or end to end and/or end to side relationship to provide any desired combination.
  • the building assembly may comprise more than two storeys by stacking three units, one on top of the other.
  • Each building module 11 - 14 in accordance with the invention comprises a structural steel frame 20 as shown in Figures 3 and 4, preferably constructed from steel beams.
  • Each frame 20 comprises two upstanding sub-frames 21 a , 21 b , which lie in a vertical plane, each comprising respective horizontal roof beams 22 a , 22 b and lower horizontal floor beams 23 a 23 b interconnected at their ends by uprights 24 a , 24 b .
  • the two vertical sub-frames 21 a , 21 b are connected together by a plurality of floor joists 25, of which two, end, joists extend between the floor beams 23 a , 23 b at positions adjacent but spaced from the uprights 24 a , 24 b and intermediate floor joists 25 are extended as shown in Figures 3 and 4.
  • the roof and floor beams 22 a , 22 b , 23 a , 23 b are each of channel shape in cross-section and each includes a vertically disposed web 26, the roof and floor beams 22 a , 22 b , 23 a , 23 b having laterally inwardly directed horizontal lower flanges 27 and upper flanges 28.
  • the flanges 27, 28 all have inwardly directed lips at their free ends.
  • the uprights 24 a , 24 b are of rolled hollow section or alternatively of channel section.
  • beams 22 a , 22 b , 23 a , 23 b and uprights 24 a , 24 b are butted directly against the uprights 24 a , 24 b and secured thereto by means of an angle bracket 29 bolted or welded to the web 26 and side wall 31 of the uprights 24 a , 24 b , which is reinforced by an apertured plate 32 to which nuts 33 are welded ( Figure 7).
  • the floor joists 25 are of channel shape in cross-section and each comprises a vertical web 34 with horizontally directed flanges 35 and 36, the upper flange 35 of the intermediate joists having a downwardly directed lip at its free edge and both flanges of the end joists having inturned lips.
  • each sub-frame 21 a , 21 b affords a rectangular aperture defined by the beams and uprights 22 a , 23 a , 24 a , and 22 b , 23 b , 24 b , respectively which may be closed by end and side wall panels as hereinafter described.
  • Lifting eyes may be removably secured to the tops of the uprights 24 a , 24 b by bolts which engage nuts provided at the top of the uprights.
  • the units illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 include a floor structure 41 comprising an upper sheet of wood particle board 42 which rests at its lateral margins on the upper flanges 28 of the lower beams 23 a , 23 b and is supported on the floor joists 25.
  • a foil faced film or blanket 45 underdraws the floor joists 25 and is secured to the bottom flange of each joist by pneumatically driven nails and galvanised washers, or self drilling screws or other suitable fasteners.
  • longitudinal wooden bars 47 are secured in position beneath the joists 25 inwardly of the ends of the module.
  • Each unit has a "roof" structure, which extends between and is secured to the roof beams 22 a , 22 b therebelow by attachment to the lower flanges 27 thereof.
  • the roof structure of each top storey unit 13,14 has a roof panel 50, and each bottom unit 11, 12 (and intermediate unit, if present) a ceiling panel 50 a .
  • the roof panel 50 comprises an inner skin 51 of plastic coated steel, an outer skin 52 also of plastic coated steel, a timber perimeter framework, part of which is shown at T, with the space between them being filled by an insulating infilling comprising a foamed plastic material 53, which in the present example is polyurethane foam.
  • the inner skin 51 comprises a plurality of planar plastic coated steel sheets, e.g. seven.
  • the plastic coating is that commonly known as a "low gloss Dolomite architectural polyester".
  • the seven sheets are disposed side-by-side longitudinally of the roof panel and each sheet extends across the whole of the transverse extent of the roof panel. The adjacent edges of the sheets are crimped together.
  • the outer skin 52 comprises a plurality of profiled plastic-coated steel sheets, e.g. three, the plastic coating in the present example providing a white plastisol coating.
  • Each sheet preferably, extends throughout the longitudinal extent of the roof panel and the sheets are disposed in side-by-side relation across the transverse extent of the roof panel with adjacent side portions in overlapping relationship so that the adjacent end two corrugations particularly overlap.
  • a transversely extending reinforcing member 57 made of steel and of asymmetric channel configuration comprising a web 58 disposed vertically so as to extend normal to the general plane of the inner and outer skins 51, 52; a lower limb of relatively short extent and an upper limb of relatively longer extent, in the present example approximately twice as long.
  • the limbs are disposed so as to extend perpendicular to the web 58.
  • the reinforcing member 51 is disposed at all desired positions and a desired number of reinforcing members may be provided. Each reinforcing member may be of different shape and/or different material than described above.
  • the upper limb projects longitudinally outwardly of the web part 58 and lower limb so as to overlie the longitudinally extending members of the frame T to be received in a rebate formed therein, so that the upper surface of the upper limb is flush with the upper surface of the longitudinally extending frame member.
  • the lower limb is spaced above the skin 51 so that foam insulating material, in the present example polyurethane foam, enters the space between the undersurface of the lower limb and the upwardly facing surface of the skin, so as to avoid cold bridging between the inner and outer skins through the transverse reinforcing members 57.
  • the sheets of the upper skin 52 stop short of the longitudinally extending members of the frame T and one limb of a steel trim strip 56 is arranged in overlapping relationship with the edge of the sheets 52 adjacent the associated frame member T with a sealant therebetween, whilst another limb of the strip 56 is fastened to the roof beam.
  • the roof panels 50 are positioned below the lower flanges 27 of the roof beams with spacers 59 therebetween.
  • the spacers 59 increase in height from one end of the roof panel to the other so that the roof panel is inclined downwardly as the spacers 59 increase in height relative to the roof beams so that water is discharged from the lower end of the roof panel.
  • the angle of inclination may lie in the range of 1 in 120 to 1 in 60 depending upon the application of the building.
  • connection between the roof panel and the beam 16 comprises a plurality of bolts 60 which pass through apertures formed in the lower skin 51, longitudinally extending frame members T, projecting part of the upper limb and the flange 27 of the roof beams 22 a and 22 b .
  • the roof panel 50 described above provides sufficient strength to hold the sub-frames 11 a and 11 b rigidly apart at their upper ends and thus serve a similar function as would metal frame cross-members. This is particularly due to the reinforcing members 57.
  • the ceiling panel 50 a extends between and is secured to the roof beams 22 a and 22 b therebelow by attachment to the lower flanges 27 thereof.
  • the ceiling panel 50 a comprises an inner skin 51 a of steel, an outer skin 52 a of plywood, a timber perimeter framework, part of which is shown at T a , with the space between them being filled by a foamed plastics material 53 a , which in the present example is polyurethane foam.
  • the timber framework T a is bolted to the flanges 27 by bolts 60 a .
  • end wall panel structures 70 and side wall panel structures 80 Secured to the frames 20 are end wall panel structures 70 and side wall panel structures 80 although side wall panel structures are omitted from adjacent sub-frames 21 a , 21 b to provide an obstruction free interior for each storey.
  • the adjacent sub-frames 21 a , 21 b of adjacent units 11, 12 and 13, 14 respectively are directly bolted together by bolts 61.
  • the mating flanges 22 a , 23 a and 22 b , 23 b of stacked units 11, 13, and 12, 14 respectively are also bolted together by bolts 62, a desired plurality of bolts 62 being provided longitudinally of the beams.
  • further units may be bolted together in either end to end or side by side, or side to end relationship with appropriate end wall panel structures and/or side wall panel structures being omitted as desired to enable units to be linked together to provide a building construction of desired configuration.
  • the end wall panel structures 70 are secured to the inwardly facing surface 31 of uprights 24 a 24 b so that the panel structures 70 are received entirely within the metal frame 20. Cut-outs are provided at the bottom for the panels to accommodate the floor beams 23 a
  • the end wall panel structures 70 comprise an outer skin 71 of plastics coated steel and an inner skin 72 of plasterboard secured to a framework 73 of timber members 73 a to c and with foamed plastics insulation material or infilling 74 therebetween.
  • the outer skin comprises a plurality, in the present example, three, rectangular metal sheets 75, each of which has opposed edges 76 disposed to extend laterally in a horizontal direction, a horizontal edge of adjacent sheets being joined together along the length of said edges.
  • the uppermost sheet is of the smallest height, the middle sheet the greatest height and the lowermost sheet the least height.
  • This configuration is adopted so that the joint between the lowermost and middle sheet is at or below the bottom of any window or other opening with which the building unit may be provided.
  • the joint between the uppermost sheet and the middle sheet is at or above the level of the top of any such opening. This avoids the need to cross the or each of the above mentioned joints with a window or other opening.
  • an opening may cross one or more of the joints, for example, in the case of a door, although, it is preferred to cross as few joints as possible.
  • the horizontal edges of adjacent sheets are provided with inturned flanges 77, 78, the flange 77 providing a clip of generally channel shape having a pair of limbs 77 a , interconnected by a base 77 b and the channel having a restricted mouth 79 so as to exert frictional restraint on the other flange 78.
  • the sheets may be interconnected only at spaced positions along their edges 76 and by other means than that described and illustrated in Figure 11 and 12.
  • the clip is shown provided on an upper sheet 75 whilst Figure 12 shows an alternative and preferred configuration where the clip is provided on the lower sheet. Otherwise the joint is the same in both Figures.
  • the internal framework 73 comprises a pair of spaced upright edge members 73 a and a pair of lateral edge members 73 b at the top and bottom of each panel structure and a pair of intermediate lateral members 73 c extending between and positioned at or adjacent the joints of the outer skin.
  • the intermediate horizontal members 73 c are disposed adjacent one side of the joints so that the joint is embedded in the plastics infilling material 74.
  • the inner skin 72 comprises a plurality of rectangular sheets each of which have opposed horizontally disposed edges, horizontal edges of adjacent sheets being juxtaposed with the inner sheets in overlapping relationship with the intermediate horizontal members 73 c of the framework.
  • the shorter edges 76 a of the rectangular sheets 75 are upstanding in a vertical direction and disposed behind upright elements provided by the uprights 24 a , 24 b adjacent the surfaces 31 and so are protected from the elements.
  • the side wall panel structures 80 are of similar construction to the end wall panel structures 70 and the vertical edges 81 of their rectangular sheets 75 are disposed behind an inwardly facing surface 82 of intermediate upright elements 83.
  • the intermediate uprights elements 83 may be provided for a aesthetic reasons, for example, to reflect the appearance of the shorter end wall of the building assembly and/or they may contribute to the overall structural strength of the frame and so comprise an upright of the structural frame, depending upon the size of the building and the way in which the intermediate upright elements 83 are attached to the building unit.
  • brackets 83 a , 83 b which are bolted respectively to a roof beam and a floor beam .
  • Each bracket comprises a square section tubular part 83 c which is welded to an associated intermediate element 83 and to a mounting plate 83 d which is bolted by bolts 83 e to the web 26 of the associated roof beam or floor beam.
  • the vertical edges 81 of the outer edges of the wall are disposed behind an additional upright element 84 provided at the corner of the assembly and which provides a balanced aesthetic appearance so that the column pattern at the corners matches that at the junction between adjacent units where two uprights 24 a , 24 b are disposed side by side.
  • a sealing strip 85 is disposed between the transversely facing surface 86 of the corner upright element 84 and the vertical edge 81 of the panel structure to provide a protective seal with suitable sealing material therebetween.
  • the panel structures 70, 80 are fastened to the respective uprights by means of self-tapping screws driven from the interior of the panel structures and trimmed by suitable trim strips 88. Suitable sealant 89 is provided between the vertical edges of adjacent panels.
  • the additional upright elements 84 may be wholly aesthetic or may contribute to the overall structural strength of the frame and so comprise an upright of the structural frame, depending upon the size of the building and the way in which they are attached to the building unit.
  • the corner uprights 84 are fastened to the webs 26 of the roof and floor beams 23 a , 22 a by means of angle brackets 91 welded to the uprights 84 and bolted to the webs 26 by bolts 92.
  • An intermediate panel 100 is disposed between the adjacent upper and lower edges of the end wall panel structures 70 of two stacked units (see Figure 5).
  • Panel structure 100 comprises a metal outer skin 101 and an inner skin 102 of steel with an infilling 103 of timber or mineral composite board therebetween.
  • the external surface 104 of the intermediate panel 100 lies in the same plane as the external surface 105 of the panel structure 70. If desired, however, the surfaces 104 and 105 may lie in slightly different but adjacent planes.
  • each panel structure 70 of the upper and lower unit is provided with a rebate 110, 111 respectively.
  • the rebate 110 is provided by forming the lower timber horizontal frame member with a reduced thickness lower edge portion into which the outer sheet 75 is bent to provide a surface of the rebate 110.
  • the rebate 111 is provided by a vertically extending limb 112 of an angle bracket 113 which is fastened by a screw 114 to the upper timber frame member 73 of the lowermost panel 70 and also to the peripheral frame member T a of the ceiling structure 50 a . Again the outer metal sheet 75 is bent to lie against the limb 112 to provide a surface of the rebate 111.
  • the intermediate panel 100 has reduced thickness upper and lower edge portions 115 through which screws 116 are passed to secure the intermediate panel to the timber frame member 73 and the limb 112 respectively.
  • FIG. 6 a similar intermediate panel 100 is provided between the upper and lower horizontal edges of the panel structures 80 on the side walls 16 of the units.
  • the intermediate panels are as described with reference to Figure 5 and a rebate is formed in the lowermost horizontal frame member 73 of the upper panel structure 80, also as described with reference to Figure 5.
  • the lower rebate 111 is provided by a vertical limb 117 of a channel section bracket 118 which is fixed by a screw 119 to the uppermost horizontal frame member 80 and which has a vertically extending limb 120 parallel to and spaced from the limb 117 which is fastened by a screw 121 to the timber frame member T a of the ceiling 50 a .
  • a water deflector member 122 is provided between the web 26 and the upper edge of the limb 117.
  • the intermediate panel 100 corresponds in length to the associated wall panel structures 70, 80.
  • the lowermost frame members 73 of the panels 80 of the lowermost units are similarly provided with a rebate 110 as are the lowermost frame members 73 of the panel members 70 of the lowermost units.
  • Skirt members 123 of similar construction at their upper ends to the intermediate panels are secured in the rebates 110 by screws similar to the screws 116 and trim the base of the lowermost module.
  • a facia panel 124 extends along the side wall 16 to trim the top of the uppermost unit and is carried on the corner upright elements 84 and its immediate upright elements 83.
  • a similar facia panel 125 extends along the width of the end wall 15 to trim the uppermost units and are carried on the uprights 24 a , 24 b .
  • a gutter 126 and drain pipe 127 are positioned at the lower end of the roof panel.
  • end and side wall panels may be equipped with all necessary doors and windows, and the windows may be single or double glazed as required.
  • All required internal fittings including partition walls, carpeting or other floor covering, and appropriate mains services such as gas, electricity, water supply and sanitation may be provided so that the complete unit may be delivered to a prepared site, ready for use, subject only to securing adjacent units together where necessary and applying internal trim strips as necessary at the joints between adjacent units, and if required external trims.
  • the higher ends may be adjacent with suitable guttering being provided at the lower ends.
  • a plurality of roof panels may be provided secured to and below the roof beams instead of a single roof panel.
  • the structural frame may be of other configurations than that described hereinbefore.
  • it may comprise a rectangular floor sub-frame comprising a pair of spaced parallel floor beams connected together by transversely extending floor joists, a rectangular roof sub-frame comprising a pair of spaced parallel roof beams interconnected by a plurality of transversely extending roof joists, at least some of the transverse joists being connected to the roof beams intermediate the ends of the roof beams, and a plurality of upstanding, preferably generally vertical, columns extending between and interconnecting the floor and roof sub-frames.
  • At least one floor panel may be supported on the floor joists.
  • At least one roof panel may be supported on the roof joists.
  • a single building unit may be provided, or an assembly of any suitable combination of building units may be provided.
  • the or each unit may be provided with skirt members 123 and facia panels 124 as described herein before.
  • the units, their wall, roof and floor structures, and wall panel structures are all rectangular with the edges of the wall panel structure lying in vertical and horizontal planes
  • the above described structures may be of other than rectangular shape.
  • the wall structures of a building unit may be inclined upwardly and inwardly or outwardly and the shorter upstanding walls may lie in a vertical plane but be inclined to the vertical; alternatively, or in addition, a wall panel structure may be of parallelogram shape with the longer side extending laterally but in a plane inclined to the horizontal whilst the shorter side may be upstanding in a vertical or near vertical direction.
  • the wall panel outer sheets may be of any other shape so long as the longer sides extend laterally, i.e. in a direction inclined to the vertical, and the shorter sides are upstanding, i.e. inclined to the horizontal.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Claims (29)

  1. Transportierbare Gebäudeeinheit, die in der Draufsicht rechtwinklig ist und eine Wandstruktur mit einer kürzeren Seitenwand (15) und einer längeren Seitenwand (16) sowie eine Dachstruktur (50, 50a) aufweist, wobei die Wandstruktur eine Verbundmaterial-Wandtafelstruktur (70, 80) mit einer Innenhaut (72), einer Außenhaut (71) und einer Füllung (74) dazwischen aufweist, wobei die Außenhaut wenigstens eine Platte (75) aufweist, die eine Außenfläche der Wandstruktur bildet,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die längere Seitenwand (16) aus einer Mehrzahl einzelner rechtwinkliger Wandtafelstrukturen (80) besteht; jede einzelne Wandtafelstruktur ein inneres Rahmenwerk (73) mit einem Randstützelement (73a) aufweist, das sich entlang jeder vertikalen Seite der Tafelstruktur (80) erstreckt, und eine Außenhaut (71), die eine Mehrzahl von rechtwinkligen Platten (75) aufweist, wobei jede rechtwinklige Platte zwei längere gegenüberliegende Ränder (76) und zwei kürzere gegeüberliegende Ränder (76a) aufweist, die Platten (75) eng benachbart Rand an Rand aneinanderliegen, wobei die längeren gegenüberliegenden Seiten (76) horizontal und die kürzeren gegenüberliegenden Seiten (76a) vertikal angeordnet sind und die horizontal angeordneten Ränder benachbarter Platten aneinandergefügt sind, wobei Fugen zwischen den Platten gebildet werden, und wobei die einzelnen Wandtafelstrukturen (80) mit ihren vertikalen Seiten aneinanderliegend angeordnet sind und benachbarte Randstützelemente (73a) benachbarter Wandtafelstrukturen (80) nebeneinander angeordnet sind.
  2. Einheit nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens eine der Platten (75) eine nicht ebene Konfiguration mit wenigstens einer Biegung um eine horizontale Linie aufweist, um einen Falz (110, 111) zu schaffen.
  3. Einheit nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Füllung (74) eine isolierende Füllung aufweisen kann, mit der die Innenhaut (72) und die Platten (75) der Außenhaut verbunden sind.
  4. Einheit nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Außenhaut aus Metall besteht und/oder die Innenhaut (72) aus Gipsplatten, Plastisol oder Metall besteht und/oder die isolierende Füllung (74) geschäumtes Kunststoffmaterial enthält.
  5. Einheit nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die seitlich angeordneten Ränder (76) benachbarter Platten (75) mit nach innen weisenden Flanschen (77, 78) versehen sind, die kontinuierlich oder an einer Mehrzahl von Positionen entlang deren Länge aneinander befestigt sind.
  6. Einheit nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der oder jeder Flansch (77, 78) fortlaufend ist, wobei dann die Außenplatten (75) über ihre Länge miteinander verbunden sind, oder diskontinuierlich, wobei dann die Außenplatten (75) an einer Mehrzahl von über ihre Länge verteilten Stellen miteinander verbunden sind und wobei einer (77) der Flansche im ganzen U-förmig ist und ein Paar Schenkel (77a) aufweist, die durch ein Basisteil (77b) miteinander verbunden sind, wobei der andere Flansch (78) zwischen den Schenkeln aufgenommen wird.
  7. Einheit nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das innere Rahmenwerk (73) weiter eine Mehrzahl seitlicher Teile (73b, 73c) aufweist, die sich zwischen der Innen- und Außenhaut erstrecken und an oder benachbart zu den Fugen zwischen den Platten (75) der Außenhaut (71) angeordnet sind.
  8. Einheit nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Innenhaut (72) aus einer Mehrzahl rechtwinkliger Platten besteht, von denen jede gegenüberliegende, horizontal angeordnete Ränder aufweist, wobei die horizontal angeordneten Ränder benachbarter innerer Platten angrenzend an die benachbarten Ränder der inneren Platten in überlappender Beziehung mit den seitlichen Teilen (73b, 73c) des Rahmenwerks (73) angeordnet sind.
  9. Einheit nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gebäudeeinheit einen tragenden Metallrahmen (20) aufweist, an dem die Dachstruktur (50, 50a) und wenigstens eine Wandtafelstruktur (70, 80) gehalten sind.
  10. Einheit nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der tragende Metallrahmen (20) ein Paar seitlicher, aufrechter Unterrahmen (21a, 21b) aufweist, wobei jeder der Unterrahmen ein oberes Teil (22a, 22b) und ein unteres Teil (23a, 23b) beinhaltet, wobei die oberen und unteren Teile eines jeden Unterrahmens durch Stützen (24a, 24b) miteinander verbunden sind.
  11. Einheit nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die oberen Teile (22a, 22b) der Unterrahmen lediglich durch eine oder mehrere Dachtafeln (50) miteinander verbunden sind, von denen sich jede zwischen den oberen Teilen (22a, 22b) dieser Unterrahmen erstreckt und unterhalb von diesen befestigt ist, so daß die oberen Teile vollständig außerhalb des bewohnbaren Volumens der Einheit liegen.
  12. Einheit nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens eine Dachtafel (50) eine äußere Haut (52) aus plattenförmigem Metall aufweist, eine innere Haut (51) und eine Füllung (53) dazwischen, wobei die äußere Haut eine Mehrzahl profilierter Metallplatten aufweist, die Platten mit den Randwellungen des Profils in überlappender und abdichtender Beziehung nebeneinander angeordnet sind und vorzugsweise jede Platte sich als einteilige Platte über die volle Länge der Dachstruktur von einem Ende des Dachträgers bis zu dessen gegenüberliegendem Ende erstreckt.
  13. Einheit nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens einer der kürzeren aufrechten Ränder (76a) wenigstens einer der rechtwinkligen Platten (75) hinter einer Oberfläche eines Stützelements (24a, 24b) angeordnet ist, die in die Gebäudeeinheit hineinweist, so daß das Stützelement außerhalb des bewohnbaren Volumens der Einheit angeordnet ist.
  14. Einheit nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Stirnwand (15) eine Wandtafelstruktur (76) aufweist, wobei sich die rechtwinkligen Platten (75) über die volle Breite der Stirnwand (15) erstrecken und die aufrechtstehenden Ränder (76) der Platten (75) hinter einer Oberfläche eines Stützelements (24a, 24b) angeordnet sind, die in die Gebäudeeinheit hineinweist, so daß das Stützelement (24a, 24b) außerhalb des bewohnbaren Volumens der Einheit angeordnet ist.
  15. Einheit nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die rechtwinkligen Platten (75) über die volle Breite einer jeweiligen Seitenwandtafelstruktur (80) erstrecken und die aufrechten Ränder (76) benachbarter Platten (75) hinter einer Oberfläche (82) eines zwischenliegenden Stützelements (83) angeordnet sind, die in die Gebäudeeinheit hineinweist, so daß das Stützelement (83) außerhalb des bewohnbaren Volumens der Einheit angeordnet ist.
  16. Einheit nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die aufrechten Ränder der Platten (75) an den Enden der Seitenwand (16) benachbart zu einer Oberfläche eines Stützelements (84) angeordnet sind, die über die Länge der Seitenwand in die Gebäudeeinheit hineinweist, so daß das Stütztelement außerhalb des bewohnbaren Volumens der Einheit angeordnet ist.
  17. Einheit nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stützelemente (84), benachbart zu denen die aufrechten Ränder der Platten am Ende der Seitenwand (16) angeordnet sind, ein weiteres Stützelement aufweisen, das benachbart zu den Stützen (24a) eines tragenden Rahmens der Gebäudeeinheit an den Enden der Stirnwand (15) angeordnet ist.
  18. Einheit nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stützelemente (24a, 24b) eine Stütze eines tragenden Rahmens der Gebäudeeinheit umfassen, die außerhalb des bewohnbaren Volumens der Einheit angeordnet ist.
  19. Einheit nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wandtafelstruktur (70, 80) mit einer Öffnung versehen ist, die so angeordnet ist, daß ihr unterer Rand und/oder ihr oberer Rand unterhalb oder oberhalb einer oberen länglichen Seite oder einer unteren länglichen Seite der wenigstens einen Platte angeordnet ist.
  20. Einheit nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens eine Wandtafelstruktur (70, 80) der Einheit benachbart zu ihrem unteren Rand mit einem Falz (110) versehen ist, um einen Randabschnitt einer Einfassungsstruktur (123) der Tafel aufzunehmen.
  21. Einheit nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens eine Wandtafelstruktur (70, 80) mit einem Falz (110) versehen ist, indem ein Abschnitt mit verminderter Dicke in der Wandtafelstruktur selbst vorgesehen ist und ein oberer Randabschnitt der Einfassungsstruktur der Tafel einen unteren Randabschnitt der Außenhaut (71) der Wandtafelstruktur der genannten Wand überlappt, wobei die Außenhaut (71) so gestaltet ist, daß sie eine Oberfläche des Falzes bildet.
  22. Baugruppe aus Gebäudeeinheiten nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Gebäudeeinheit (11-14) stapelartig auf die Oberseite einer anderen Gebäudeeinheit (11-14) aufgesetzt ist und eine zwischenliegende Tafelstruktur (100) zwischen einem unteren, seitlichen Rand (76, 76a) wenigstens einer der Seiten- (16) und Stirnwände (15) der oberen Einheit und dem oberen, seitlichen Rand (76, 76a) wenigstens einer der Seiten- (16) und Stirnwände (15) der unteren Einheit vorhanden ist.
  23. Baugruppe nach Anspruch 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zwischenliegende Tafelstruktur (100) sandwichartig aufgebaut ist und innere (102) und äußere Metallplatten (101) mit einer Füllung (103) aus Holz oder einer mineralischen Verbundplatte aufweist.
  24. Baugruppe nach Anspruch 22 oder 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Außenfläche der zwischenliegenden Tafelstruktur (100) in oder im wesentlichen in der gleichen Ebene wie die Außenhaut (71) wenigstens einer der Seiten- (16) und stirnwände (15) liegt, zwischen denen die zwischenliegende Tafelstruktur (100) angeordnet ist.
  25. Baugruppe nach einem der Ansprüche 22 bis 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die wenigstens eine Wand (16, 15) der oberen Einheit benachbart zu ihrem unteren Rand mit einem Falz (110) versehen ist, um einen Randabschnitt der zwischenliegenden Tafelstruktur (100) aufzunehmen.
  26. Baugruppe nach Anspruch 25, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die wenigstens eine Wand der oberen Einheit (16, 15) den Falz (110) aufweist, indem ein Abschnitt mit verminderter Dicke in der Wandstruktur selbst vorhanden ist und in diesem Fall ein oberer Randabschnitt der zwischenliegenden Tafelstruktur (100) einen unteren Randabschnitt der Außenhaut (71) der Wandtafelstruktur der genannten Wand überlappt, wobei die Außenhaut so gestaltet ist, daß sie eine Oberfläche des Falzes (110) bildet.
  27. Baugruppe nach Anspruch 26, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens eine der Seiten- und Stirnwände der unteren Einheit (11-14) mit einem Falz (111) versehen ist, indem ein aufrechtstehender Flansch (117) durch ein am oberen Rand der jeweiligen Wandtafelstruktur (80) befestigtes Teil (118) gebildet wird, wobei der Flansch nach innen einen Abstand gegenüber der Ebene der Außenhaut (71) aufweist und die Außenhaut (71) so gestaltet ist, daß sie eine Oberfläche des Falzes (111) bildet und der untere Randabschnitt der zwischenliegenden Tafelstruktur (100) den in dem Falz liegenden Abschnitt der Platte überlappt.
  28. Baugruppe nach einem der Ansprüche 22 bis 26, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die obere Einheit der Baugruppe mit einer Dachtafel (50) versehen ist, die eine äußere Haut aus Metallblech aufweist, eine innere Haut (51) und eine Füllung (53) dazwischen, wobei die äußere Haut (52) eine Anzahl profilierter Metallbleche enthält, die nebeneinander angeordnet sind, wobei sich die Randwellungen des Profils in einander überlappender und abdichtender Beziehung befinden und sich vorzugsweise jedes Blech als einteiliges Blech über die volle Länge der Dachstruktur von einem Ende des Dachträgers bis zu dessen gegenüberliegenden Ende erstreckt.
  29. Baugruppe nach einem der Ansprüche 22 bis 28, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die untere oder, sofern vorhanden, eine zwischenliegende Einheit der Baugruppe eine Deckentafel (50a) aufweist, die sandwichartig aufgebaut ist und eine obere Haut (52a) aus Sperrholz und eine untere Haut (51a) aus Stahl mit einem isolierenden Material (53a) dazwischen aufweist, wobei ein umlaufender Holzrahmen Ta zwischen der Innen- und Außenhaut (52a, 51a) angeordnet ist.
EP19920121060 1991-12-13 1992-12-10 Transportierbare Baueinheit Expired - Lifetime EP0546540B1 (de)

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GB9126460 1991-12-13
GB919126460A GB9126460D0 (en) 1991-12-13 1991-12-13 Portable building unit

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EP0546540A1 EP0546540A1 (de) 1993-06-16
EP0546540B1 true EP0546540B1 (de) 1997-03-05

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WO2009108985A1 (en) * 2008-03-07 2009-09-11 Francesco Antonio Martino A roof structure for a transportable building

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GB9414766D0 (en) 1994-07-21 1994-09-07 Portakabin Ltd Improvements relating to building constructions
EP1137854B1 (de) * 1998-10-28 2003-03-26 F.A.E. Industria Alloggi Prefabbricati S.P.A. Verbesserungen an einer gliederbaren hauseinheit
GB2361484B (en) * 2000-03-11 2003-12-03 Portakabin Ltd Portable building unit
AU2008352422A1 (en) * 2008-03-07 2009-09-11 Francesco Antonio Martino A transportable building including a roof structure for stacking of multiple buildings
JP6507052B2 (ja) * 2015-07-08 2019-04-24 トヨタホーム株式会社 ユニット式建物の構造

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GB2262296A (en) 1993-06-16
GB9126460D0 (en) 1992-02-12
DE69217854T2 (de) 1997-06-12
EP0546540A1 (de) 1993-06-16
DE69217854D1 (de) 1997-04-10
GB9225676D0 (en) 1993-02-03
GB2262296B (en) 1996-05-08

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