EP0042503B1 - Vorrichtung zum galvanischen Abscheiden von Aluminium - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zum galvanischen Abscheiden von Aluminium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0042503B1 EP0042503B1 EP81104182A EP81104182A EP0042503B1 EP 0042503 B1 EP0042503 B1 EP 0042503B1 EP 81104182 A EP81104182 A EP 81104182A EP 81104182 A EP81104182 A EP 81104182A EP 0042503 B1 EP0042503 B1 EP 0042503B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrodeposition
- container
- drum
- electroplating
- electrodeposition tank
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 title claims description 3
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 title description 91
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 claims 24
- 125000002370 organoaluminium group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/42—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of light metals
- C25D3/44—Aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D17/16—Apparatus for electrolytic coating of small objects in bulk
- C25D17/18—Apparatus for electrolytic coating of small objects in bulk having closed containers
- C25D17/20—Horizontal barrels
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for the galvanic deposition of aluminum from aprotic, oxygen-free and water-free, organoaluminum electrolytes, with an airtightly closable and heatable electroplating trough which can be charged with an inert gas, a rotatable electroplating drum arranged inside the electroplating trough, one in connection with the electroplating trough standing storage container for the electrolyte and two further containers for storing inert liquids.
- a device of this type has become known from DE-PS 2537285.
- the electroplating drum has to be removed from the electroplating trough for loading and unloading, which is not only very cumbersome and time-consuming, but also requires correspondingly large insertion and removal openings for the electroplating drum.
- the organoaluminum electrolytes produced under oxygen- and water-free conditions must be kept in the absence of air, since any contact with air by reaction with oxygen and air humidity results in a considerable reduction in the conductivity and thus in the service life. For this reason, electroplating with such electrolytes must be carried out with the exclusion of air.
- the invention has for its object to provide a device in which for the loading and unloading of the electroplating drum with bulk material, it no longer needs to be removed from the electroplating trough.
- This object is achieved according to the invention in that, for filling the electroplating drum, a transport device for the parts to be treated, which leads into the interior of the electroplating trough via a lock, is provided, which ends above a closable opening of the electroplating drum, in that the opening and closing of the electroplating drum can be made outside and that for emptying the electroplating drum an inert gas and inert liquid can be provided, which is arranged below the electroplating trough and communicates with it via a lockable, tubular connector.
- the problem of loading the electroplating drum can be solved in a simple manner in that the transport device leading into the interior of the electroplating trough is guided through an obliquely ascending channel, the end of which is located outside the electroplating trough and is immersed in a container of a liquid lock filled with inert liquid .
- the container filled with inert liquid is flanged close to the electroplating trough, the channel receiving the transport device being supported in a sealing manner against the container of the liquid lock by at least one partition.
- the drain container expediently contains a perforated basket which can be removed via a laterally arranged, airtight sealable opening.
- the part of the electroplating drum immersed in the electrolyte is surrounded by two anodes, which are mutually adjustable in such a way that they form a passage for the bulk material to be emptied.
- an inert gas storage container is connected via valves to the electroplating trough, the drain container and the electrolyte storage container, the control of the corresponding valves taking place in such a way that a closed inert gas circuit is created.
- two electroplating drums are arranged in the electroplating trough, so that two batches can be run simultaneously under conditions which are sometimes unequal.
- the electroplating trough 1 is designated, which is sealed airtight with a lid 2.
- the electroplating trough 1 is provided with a heater 3 and has an outlet connection 4, to which a tubular connecting piece 5 is flanged, which has a ball valve 6. This can be operated using a hand lever 7.
- a drain container 8 designed as a decanter lock is flanged, in which a perforated filling basket 9 with a bevelled bottom 10 is accommodated.
- the filling basket 9 can be removed through an opening 11 arranged on the side of the drain container 8, which opening can be closed air-tight with the aid of a lid 12.
- a three-way valve 14 is connected via a line 13, which is connected via a line 15 to an airtight electrolyte reservoir 16.
- the electrolyte reservoir 16 is in communication.
- the electrolyte reservoir 16 is equipped with a pressure relief valve 17.
- the three-way valve 14 is connected via a line 18 and a valve 19 to a container 20, in which an inert liquid 21 used for flooding or flushing the drain container 8 can be drained. Furthermore, the line 18 is connected via a valve 22 and line 23 to a further container 24, in which an inert liquid 25 used for washing the bulk material in the discharge container 8 can be discharged.
- the two containers 20 and 24 are provided with pressure relief valves 26 and 27.
- the containers 20 and 24 are arranged below the three-way valve 14 so that the inert liquids 21 and 25 can get in there by means of gravity.
- the inert liquids 21 and 25 can be pumped via lines 28 and 29 into reservoirs 32 and 33 with the aid of pumps 30 and 31.
- an evaporator 35 is switched on in line 29 via a valve 34, with which the inert liquid 25 used for washing can be cleaned of enriched electrolyte.
- the containers 32 and 33 are also equipped with pressure relief valves 36 and 37.
- the containers 32 and 33 are normally filled with inert liquids 21 and 25, as indicated by dashed lines 38 and 39, which indicate the liquid level.
- the supply containers 32 and 33 are connected to the drain container 8 via lines 40 and 41. Valves 42 and 43 for controlling the inert liquids 21 and 25 are arranged in the lines 40 and 41.
- a charging lock 45 which is designed as a liquid lock, is provided for loading the electroplating drum 44 arranged in the electroplating trough.
- the charging lock consists of a container 46 in which inert liquid 47 is located, the level 48 being indicated by a dashed line.
- the container 46 is attached to the electroplating trough 1 in an airtight manner by means of a flange 49.
- a diaphragm 50 is attached with the aid of a diaphragm 50, in which a transport device 52 is guided into the interior of the electroplating trough 1 in the manner of a conveyor belt.
- the end 53 of the conveyor belt ends above an opening 54 of the electroplating drum 44.
- the channel 51 is extended on the other side so far that it is fully immersed in the inert liquid 47, so that the bulk material which can be fed in with the aid of a further conveyor belt 55 reaches the end of the conveyor belt 52 and from there via the end 53 into the electroplating drum 44.
- the conveyor belt 55 is completely immersed in the inert liquid 47.
- the conveyor belt 55 is loaded via an opening 56 in the container 46, which can be closed with the aid of a cover 57.
- the panel 50 is arranged airtight between the container 46 and the channel 51 and supports the channel 51. To increase the stability, several panels 50 can be provided. Therefore, the end of the channel 51 reaching inside the electroplating drum 1 can be loosely inserted through an opening 58 into the inside of the electroplating drum 1. This considerably simplifies assembly.
- the electroplating drum 44 has a hexagonal cross section.
- the drum jacket is perforated in a manner known per se.
- the axis of the electroplating drum 44 is designated, which is rotatably mounted in the trough 1.
- the electroplating drum 44 is equipped with a ring gear 60 which is in engagement with a gear 61.
- the gear is driven by an electric motor, not shown in the drawing.
- the opening 54 of the electroplating drum 44 can be closed with a cover 62. Since the inside of the electroplating drum 1 is sealed airtight, the cover 62 can be lifted off with the aid of a lifting rod 63, which is sealed through the cover 2 of the electroplating trough 1 with the aid of a guide 64.
- the lifting rod 63 can be moved both in the axial direction and about its axis of rotation 67.
- an unlocking mechanism is arranged, by means of which the unlocking pins 69 arranged on the cover 62 can be actuated. These unlocking pins 69 come into positive connection with corresponding bores on the edge of the opening 54 of the electroplating drum 44.
- the electroplating drum 44 is surrounded by two anodes 70 arranged in mirror image, the anode connections 71 being led out of the electroplating trough 1 with the aid of anode bushings 72.
- the anodes 70 can be adjusted by moving the anode connections 71 towards the wall of the electroplating trough 1, as indicated in dashed lines. This opens an opening 73 so that the contents of the electroplating drum 44 can be emptied into the drain container 8 via the outlet connection 4.
- a stick-shaped cathode 75 is fastened to the axis 59 by means of a rope 74 made of conductive material and can act effectively with the bulk material 76 located in the electroplating drum 44.
- a cathode connection 78 is connected to the axis 59 via a further cable 77, which leads through a feedthrough 79 the cover 2 of the galvanizing trough 1 is guided. Furthermore, the cover 2 of the electroplating trough also has a pressure relief valve 80.
- an inert gas container 81 is provided which is connected to the electroplating trough 1 via a line 82 and valve 83 and to the electrolyte storage container 16 via a line 84 and valve 85.
- the inert gas container 81 is connected to the connecting piece 5 via a further line 86 and valve 87.
- the electrolyte storage container 16 is connected via a line 88 to the electroplating trough 1, so that electrolyte can be pumped into the electroplating trough 1 if necessary with the aid of a pump 80 in order to be able to maintain a predetermined level 90, as indicated by dashed lines.
- the space of the container 46 behind the panel 50 is connected to the electrolyte storage container 16 via a line 91 and valve 92.
- the container 46 is also equipped with a pressure relief valve 96.
- the drain container 8 can either be ventilated or acted upon by inert gas 25 via valve 94 and a line 93.
- a valve 95 on the inert gas reservoir 81 is required for N 2 requirements from the bottle.
- the lifting rod 63 By turning the lifting rod 63 in the direction of arrow 65, the cover 62 is unlocked by pulling the unlocking pins 69 out of the corresponding bores in the wall of the opening 54 of the electroplating drum 44. Then the lifting rod 63 with the cover 62 attached to it is in the starting position shown in FIG hazards.
- the inert gas storage container 81 serves for pressure compensation in the event of volume changes in the electroplating trough 1, in the connecting piece 5 and in the drain container 8 of the decharging lock 45. No inert gas is lost through this inert circuit.
- the operations to be carried out which will be described in more detail below, can always be carried out with 100% inert gas. Any moisture and air that have been introduced into the inert gas storage container 81 are chemically removed by Al-triethyl. After loading the electroplating drum 44, the valve 83 is closed.
- the electroplating drum 44 is rotated clockwise by 30 °.
- the electroplating current is switched off.
- the anodes 70 are extended into the dashed position so that the opening 73 is created.
- the cover 62 of the electroplating drum 44 is lifted off with the aid of the lifting rod 63 in the manner described above.
- the air in the container 20 could escape through the pressure relief valve 26.
- the end of the flooding process can be carried out, for example, by means of a level control, but this is not described further here.
- the valves 19 and 87 and the three-way valve 14 were then closed. Thus, only inert gas from the inert gas storage container 81 is located in the container 8.
- the ball valve 6 is now opened, so that electrolyte flows from the electroplating trough 1 through the connecting piece 5 into the drain container 8, the displaced inert gas flowing into the electroplating trough 1.
- the valve 83 is opened to equalize the pressure.
- the drum is turned through 180 ° into the emptying position, so that the bulk material 76 falls via the connecting piece 5 into the filling basket 10 of the storage container 8.
- electrolyte is pushed back from the storage container 8 into the electroplating trough 1, so that there is very little electrolyte in the drain container 8.
- the volume of electrolyte still remaining can be limited to a minimum by appropriate dimensioning of the volume of the drain container 8.
- the three-way valve 14 is now set so that a connection is made from the drain tank 8 to the electrolyte reservoir 16, specifically via the lines 13 and 15.
- the valves 85 and 87 are opened so that the inert gas of the. Is under an inert gas atmosphere
- Electrolyte storage container 16 can compensate via valve 85 to the inert gas storage container 81, while the volume of the discharged electrolyte in the discharge container via valve 87 is replaced by inert gas. It is assumed that there is always a 100% inert gas atmosphere in the electrolyte reservoir 16.
- the electrolyte located in the electrolyte storage container 16 is pumped back into the electroplating trough 1 by means of a pump 89 via line 88, the electrolyte volume being replaced by inert gas via valve 85. Then valve 85 is closed.
- valve 43 is opened.
- the inert liquid 25 intended for washing flows from the storage container 33 via line 41 into the discharge container 8.
- the inert atmosphere in the discharge container 8 can flow via valve 87 and line 86 into the inert gas storage container 81.
- the valve 43 is closed by the reservoir 33.
- the three-way valve 14 is now set so that the drain container 8 can flow via lines 18 and 23 into the container 24 when the valve 22 is opened.
- the inert liquid 25 flowing out of the drain container 8 is replaced by air by opening the valve 94 via line 93.
- valve 22 and the three-way valve 14 are then closed.
- the drain container 8 By removing the lid 12, the drain container 8 can be opened and the filling basket 9 with the washed bulk material 76 can be removed. It is noted that the washing process can be repeated any number of times in the manner described.
- the emptied filling basket 9 is returned to the drain container 8 and the drain container 9 is closed in an airtight manner by putting on the cover 12.
- valve 42 When the valve 42 is opened, the drain container 8 is flooded with inert liquid 21 from the reservoir 32 by opening the valve 94, as a result of which the displaced air can escape via valve 94. Thereafter, valve 94 is closed and inert gas is admitted via valve 86 into drain tank 8 via line 86.
- the three-way valve 14 is now set so that the washing liquid located in the drain container 8 can be drained into the container 20 via the line 18 and the open valve 19, the drained liquid being replaced via valve 87 with inert gas.
- the initial state is restored after the inert liquids 21 and 25 have in the meantime been conveyed back from the containers 20 and 24 by means of the pumps 30 and 31 into the storage containers 32 and 33.
- the inert liquid 25 used for washing is cleaned of enriched electrolyte with the help of the evaporator 35.
- the electroplating drum 44 is returned to the position shown in FIG. 1 for the next electroplating process and the anodes 70 are returned to the strongly extended position shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 1 An embodiment is shown in the figure in which two electroplating drums 101 and 102 are accommodated in one electroplating trough 100. While a middle anode 103 is fixed, the two outer anodes 104 and 105 are adjustable to the outside, so that the bulk material to be galvanized can be drained into a common drain container 108 via a common connecting piece 106, which contains a ball valve 107.
- the drain container 108 contains a filling basket 109 for removing the bulk material after removing a cover 110.
- a separate loading device 111 and 112 is provided for each of the electroplating drums 101 and 102, which are designed in accordance with the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. Furthermore, there are two lifting rods 114 and 115 in a cover 113 for opening the electroplating drums 101 and 102, respectively.
- the control of the device according to FIG. 2 takes place in a manner corresponding to that of the device according to FIG. 1.
- the two electroplating drums 101 and 102 can be charged simultaneously or alternately, but the electrolyte from the electrolyte storage container 16 is monitored by level monitors must be maintained in the electroplating trough 100. For this reason, parts with the same effect in FIG. 2 are provided with the same reference symbols as in FIG. 1.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
- Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
- Beans For Foods Or Fodder (AREA)
- Dental Preparations (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT81104182T ATE4511T1 (de) | 1980-06-20 | 1981-06-01 | Vorrichtung zum galvanischen abscheiden von aluminium. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3023129A DE3023129C2 (de) | 1980-06-20 | 1980-06-20 | Vorrichtung zum galvanischen Abscheiden von Aluminium |
DE3023129 | 1980-06-20 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0042503A1 EP0042503A1 (de) | 1981-12-30 |
EP0042503B1 true EP0042503B1 (de) | 1983-08-24 |
Family
ID=6105053
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP81104182A Expired EP0042503B1 (de) | 1980-06-20 | 1981-06-01 | Vorrichtung zum galvanischen Abscheiden von Aluminium |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4360409A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0042503B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPS593560B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE4511T1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR8103882A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA1163600A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE3023129C2 (ja) |
DK (1) | DK151392C (ja) |
ES (1) | ES8205272A1 (ja) |
IE (1) | IE51615B1 (ja) |
NO (1) | NO154886C (ja) |
PT (1) | PT73225B (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106222701A (zh) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-14 | 四川华索自动化信息工程有限公司 | 一种基于比较放大电路的铝电解用自动加料控制*** |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3107101A1 (de) * | 1981-02-20 | 1982-09-09 | Schering Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 4619 Bergkamen | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur galvanischen metallabscheidung auf gegenstaenden, deren reinigung von anhaftenden oberflaechenbehandlungsmitteln sowie deren rueckgewinnung |
DE3236138A1 (de) * | 1982-09-29 | 1984-03-29 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Vorrichtung zum galvanischen abscheiden von aluminium |
US4571291A (en) * | 1984-08-20 | 1986-02-18 | Alumatec, Inc. | Apparatus for the electrodeposition of metal |
DE3438316A1 (de) * | 1984-10-19 | 1985-10-10 | Alois 5202 Hennef Müller | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur nassentleerung einer transportablen galvaniktrommel |
US4668367A (en) * | 1985-07-09 | 1987-05-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Lock for loading and unloading goods into a treatment apparatus having a protective atmosphere |
DE3688583D1 (de) * | 1985-09-17 | 1993-07-22 | Siemens Ag | Einrichtung fuer die massengalvanisierung von schuettfaehigem gut. |
ATE40419T1 (de) * | 1985-09-17 | 1989-02-15 | Siemens Ag | Einrichtung fuer die massengalvanisierung von schuettfaehigem gut. |
JPS62162498A (ja) * | 1986-01-11 | 1987-07-18 | エルム工業株式会社 | 書類つづり穴補強片貼付機構を備えた書類パンチ |
DE19932524C1 (de) * | 1999-07-12 | 2001-03-29 | Wmv App Bau Gmbh & Co Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur elektrochemischen Behandlung |
CH694619A5 (de) | 1999-07-12 | 2005-04-29 | Wmv Appbau Gmbh & Co Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur elektrochemischen Behandlung. |
EP1279751A1 (de) * | 2001-07-28 | 2003-01-29 | Aluminal Oberflächtentechnik GmbH & Co. KG | Vorrichtung zum galvanischen Abscheiden von Aluminium oder Aluminiumlegierungen aus metallorganischen Aluminiumalkylhaltigen Elektrolyten |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3425926A (en) * | 1965-07-27 | 1969-02-04 | Kazuya Hojyo | Apparatus for automatically electroplating various articles with chromium |
DE2506689A1 (de) * | 1975-02-14 | 1976-09-02 | Schering Ag | Automatische galvanisieranlage |
CH603832A5 (ja) * | 1975-08-21 | 1978-08-31 | Siemens Ag | |
DE2716805C3 (de) * | 1977-04-15 | 1979-10-31 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | Vorrichtung zum galvanischen Abscheiden von Aluminium |
-
1980
- 1980-06-20 DE DE3023129A patent/DE3023129C2/de not_active Expired
-
1981
- 1981-06-01 EP EP81104182A patent/EP0042503B1/de not_active Expired
- 1981-06-01 AT AT81104182T patent/ATE4511T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-06-02 US US06/269,490 patent/US4360409A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1981-06-16 JP JP56092948A patent/JPS593560B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1981-06-17 PT PT73225A patent/PT73225B/pt unknown
- 1981-06-17 ES ES503144A patent/ES8205272A1/es not_active Expired
- 1981-06-18 CA CA000380081A patent/CA1163600A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-06-19 DK DK272381A patent/DK151392C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-06-19 BR BR8103882A patent/BR8103882A/pt unknown
- 1981-06-19 NO NO812101A patent/NO154886C/no unknown
- 1981-06-19 IE IE1362/81A patent/IE51615B1/en unknown
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106222701A (zh) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-14 | 四川华索自动化信息工程有限公司 | 一种基于比较放大电路的铝电解用自动加料控制*** |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS5743998A (en) | 1982-03-12 |
ES503144A0 (es) | 1982-06-01 |
BR8103882A (pt) | 1982-03-09 |
DK151392B (da) | 1987-11-30 |
IE811362L (en) | 1981-12-20 |
DE3023129C2 (de) | 1982-04-15 |
PT73225A (de) | 1981-07-01 |
JPS593560B2 (ja) | 1984-01-24 |
US4360409A (en) | 1982-11-23 |
DE3023129A1 (de) | 1982-01-14 |
ATE4511T1 (de) | 1983-09-15 |
DK151392C (da) | 1988-05-16 |
IE51615B1 (en) | 1987-01-21 |
CA1163600A (en) | 1984-03-13 |
PT73225B (de) | 1982-07-01 |
DK272381A (da) | 1981-12-21 |
NO154886C (no) | 1987-01-07 |
NO154886B (no) | 1986-09-29 |
ES8205272A1 (es) | 1982-06-01 |
NO812101L (no) | 1981-12-21 |
EP0042503A1 (de) | 1981-12-30 |
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