EP0006412A1 - Trockenkühlturm - Google Patents

Trockenkühlturm Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0006412A1
EP0006412A1 EP78400053A EP78400053A EP0006412A1 EP 0006412 A1 EP0006412 A1 EP 0006412A1 EP 78400053 A EP78400053 A EP 78400053A EP 78400053 A EP78400053 A EP 78400053A EP 0006412 A1 EP0006412 A1 EP 0006412A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
exchanger
freezable
atmospheric air
freezing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP78400053A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bruno François Marie Verwilghen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hamon Sobelco SA
Original Assignee
Hamon Sobelco SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hamon Sobelco SA filed Critical Hamon Sobelco SA
Priority to EP78400053A priority Critical patent/EP0006412A1/de
Priority to CA318,259A priority patent/CA1110614A/en
Publication of EP0006412A1 publication Critical patent/EP0006412A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
    • F28B9/005—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for protection against freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an atmospheric refrigerant of the type in which a fluid which can be frozen at ambient temperatures and which flows in a freezable fluid-atmospheric air heat exchanger is cooled in the latter by indirect contact with atmospheric air.
  • the freezable fluid considered here is a fluid capable of freezing when the ambient temperature, that is to say that of atmospheric air, is very low.
  • This fluid can be water, for example that for cooling condensers of power stations, water vapor, for example that escaping from the turbines of power stations (atmospheric refrigerants in this case are air condensers), or any other gaseous liquid fluid meeting the solidification criterion. indicated above.
  • the heat exchange body or heat exchanger Freezable air-atmospheric air consists of either tubes, whether or not provided with surface extensions, for example fins, or flat panels, or any other material element preventing the transfer of material. between atmospheric air and the fluid to be cooled, while ensuring heat transfer between them, these surfaces, panels and material elements may be made of a metallic or plastic material. These exchangers are generally called “dry" exchangers.
  • the French patent FR 1 506 865, the French utility certificate No. 2 200 491, the German patent application DOS 1 551 402, the French patent FR 1 458 535, the British patent GB 1 484 178, and the applications for German patent DOS 2,539,759, DOS 1,962,061, DOS 2,153,967 and DOS 1,501,346 relate to the operation of such refrigerants when the ambient temperature is below the freezing point of the fluid to be cooled and that it risks freezing by places.
  • the French patent n ° 1 506 865, the French utility certificate n ° 2 200 491 and the German patent application DOS 1 551 402 concern permanent, static arrangements, elements of exchangers of air condensers, which reduce the danger of freezing in cold weather and allow operation at low ambient temperature, possibly under partial load, but which do nothing to solve the problem of starting from empty heat exchanger elements whose temperature is significantly lower than the fluid freezing point.
  • French patent FR 1 458 535 relates to protection against freezing by recycling air from the bottom of the peripheral tubes of an air condensation installation. While such protection may be valid in operation, it does not exist at startup.
  • British patent GB 1,484,178 relates to inhibiting the formation of ice on the internal walls of the exchangers of an atmospheric cooling tower by vibrating the tubular elements of the exchangers.
  • Such a technique appears a priori applicable to starting in freezing weather, although it is not alluded to in the patent.
  • this technique has the drawbacks of requiring complex equipment of electromagnetic and high voltage equipment foreign to the technique of large industrial heat exchangers and of subjecting the refrigeration installation to vibrations which tire it and risk causing more or less shorter term of deterioration.
  • the problem of cold starting is more difficult than that of preventing freezing in operation because it is necessary to overcome the refrigerating mass of structural materials (tubes, ...) before encountering a situation comparable to that of low temperature operation.
  • German patent application DOS 2,539,759 relates to the protection against freezing of an air condenser by reduction of the heat exchange capacity obtained by the introduction into the air condenser of non-condensable gas.
  • Such a technique also appears a priori to be able to help the start-up of air condensers in cold weather, but the patent is silent on this subject and one can have serious doubts as to the extent of its effectiveness.
  • this technique has the disadvantage, on the one hand, of modifying the nature of the fluid in circulation and, on the other hand, of requiring a whole installation for the introduction, evacuation, control and regulation of the gas. not condensable.
  • German patent application DOS 1 962 061 relates to a device which makes it possible to reduce the surface area for exchanging air condensers by the operation of flaps capable of obstructing and, possibly, preventing the passage of air to through a large fraction of this surface, of exchange.
  • Such a device can contribute to the starting of the cold exchangers but is in no case sufficient. As in the previous case, start-up problems in freezing weather are not addressed.
  • German patent application DOS 2 153 967 relates to the regulation of the air flow rate of natural draft cooling towers by means of movable panels which surround the air inlet opening and which are intended, inter alia, to ensure protection against frost, that is to say allowing operation at lower ambient temperatures than in the absence of such a device.
  • this arrangement does not in itself solve the problem of starting the refrigerant from empty and cold batteries.
  • patent application DOS 1 501 346 relates to air condensers in which a variation in the effective exchange surface is obtained by dividing the interior space of the elements of the air condensers into three compartments and by admitting steam into a , in two or in the three compartments, which makes it possible to adapt the operation of the air condensers to variations in thermal load and to variations in temperature.
  • a variation in the effective exchange surface is obtained by dividing the interior space of the elements of the air condensers into three compartments and by admitting steam into a , in two or in the three compartments, which makes it possible to adapt the operation of the air condensers to variations in thermal load and to variations in temperature.
  • German patents n ° 1 241 852 and French patents n ° 1 552 731 and the German patent application DOS 2 250 058 concern the emptying of refrigerants with "dry" exchangers but, whereas this emptying is envisaged in particular there in view of the danger of frost, it does not appear at all how the described facilities could be put back into operation, that is to say filled and restarted, by severe frosts.
  • the German Patent No. 1,241,852 simply provides for this purpose the heating of the water in the water tanks, which is insufficient in the event of severe frosts.
  • the patent FR 1 386 231 relates to the partial emptying of the exchangers of a refrigerant in order to reduce the exchange surface with the aim, in particular, of avoiding the dangers of freezing.
  • Such a technique makes it possible to keep the refrigerant in service when the ambient temperature drops to the lowest values, but, on the other hand, starting at these very low temperatures is not examined and appears problematic.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy this difficulty.
  • the invention as characterized in the claims, solves this problem by means of an auxiliary circuit containing a fluid which cannot be thawed at ambient temperatures and which includes a heat source for heating the thawable fluid and a non-thawable fluid heat exchanger - atmospheric air.
  • This auxiliary circuit normally normally contains its unfrozen fluid, whatever the atmospheric temperature.
  • the main circuit When in freezing weather, the main circuit must be supplied with freezable fluid, the auxiliary circuit is put into service beforehand under its full thermal load, a certain flow of air passing through the frost-free fluid-air exchanger of this auxiliary circuit.
  • the exchange capacity of this exchanger, the inlet temperature of the unfrozen fluid and the air flow are chosen so that the air leaves the frost-free fluid-air exchanger at a temperature such that it heats the freezable fluid-air exchanger located downstream at a temperature which no longer risks freezing the freezable fluid when it is 'will send into the freezable fluid-atmospheric air exchanger.
  • the refrigerant according to the invention is available at any time and can, in freezing weather, be put into service immediately, without delay in preheating.
  • a refrigeration cell 1 comprises successively, from upstream to downstream, considering the direction of flow of atmospheric air indicated by arrows, a non-freezing liquid dry exchanger- atmospheric air 2, a dry freezable liquid-atmospheric air exchanger 3, and a fan 4.
  • the refrigerant can consist either of a single refrigeration cell 1 or of a set of similar cells arranged for example in line, or in a circle in a tower.
  • the main freezable liquid-atmospheric air exchanger 3 is arranged in a main liquid circuit 5 comprising, on the upstream side, a pump 6 and a first valve 7 for isolating the exchanger 3 and, on the downstream side, a second valve 8 for isolating the exchanger 3 and a heat exchanger 9 between the freezable liquid and the unfrozen liquid.
  • the main circuit 5 is completed by a gas purge valve 10 mounted in bypass between the valve 7 and the exchanger 3, by a drain valve 11 mounted in bypass between the exchanger 3 and the valve 8, and by a bypass 12 comprising a valve 13 and extending between the inlet of the valve 7 and the outlet of the valve 8.
  • the liquid which is circulated in the main circuit 5 may be water, for example that of cooling from a power station, or any other liquid suitable for cooling, freezable at ambient temperatures.
  • the auxiliary circuit 14 in which the heat exchanger 2 is mounted comprises downstream of it the heat exchanger 9 freezable liquid-unfrozen liquid and a circulation pump 15.
  • the unfrozen liquid may for example be a mixture of ethylene glycol and d water or other suitable liquid that cannot be frozen at ambient temperatures.
  • the valves 7 and 8 being closed and the valve 13 being open, the pumps 6 and 15 are put into service.
  • the temperature of the main freezable liquid must be relatively high, but the thermal load of circuit 5 (heat removed) cannot yet be that weak.
  • the freezable liquid bypasses the main exchanger 3 by the bypass line 12 and transmits its heat to the unfrozen liquid in the exchanger 9.
  • the unfrozen liquid progressively heats the unfrozen liquid-air exchanger 2.
  • the fan 4 is started, at its low speed if it has more than one. This fan draws in ambient air which first passes through the exchanger 2 where it heats up, then the main exchanger 3 which it will heat.
  • the thermal load of the main circuit 5 is then low enough for the exchanger 2 to work at a high temperature although it is traversed by very cold air.
  • Ambient air temperature -15 ° C.
  • the fan rotates at its nominal speed.
  • Ambient air temperature -25 ° C.
  • the fan rotates at half speed.
  • the temperature of the empty exchanger has been brought down to -4 ° C. which, taking into account the inlet temperature of the freezable liquid, which may be different from 65 ° C., and the length of the exchanger of the examples considered, makes it possible to avoid the freezing thereof during filling of the exchanger 3.
  • the temperature to which the exchanger must be heated to avoid freezing of the freezable liquid depends on the temperature inlet of this liquid and the length of the elements, tubes or the like of the exchanger.
  • the valve 10 is closed and the refrigeration cell 1 operates in a conventional manner.
  • the auxiliary circuit 14 can then be either kept in operation, in which case the exchanger 2 indirectly evacuates part of the calories from the freezable fluid and increases the thermal load of the cell, or is stopped by stopping the pump 15, which in particular makes it possible to decrease energy consumption.
  • FIG. 2 shows a first variant in which the same reference numbers as those used in FIG. 1, but assigned the index a, have been used to designate identical or similar parts.
  • the main freezable fluid is a vapor which condenses in the exchanger 3a, which is therefore an air condenser.
  • the exchanger 9a is here a small condenser cooled by the unfrozen liquid of the auxiliary circuit 14a, which can be, as in the previous example, a mixture of ethylene glycol and water.
  • the exchanger 9a is placed here in parallel with the exchanger 3a in the bypass line 12a of the main circuit 5a, unlike the configuration shown in FIG. 1 where this exchanger is placed in series, downstream side of the exchanger 3, in this circuit.
  • the exchangers 3a and 9a being condensers
  • the arrangement in parallel is necessary so that the two condensers receive steam at their inlet, while when the exchanger fluid-freezable-unfrozen fluid is a liquid-liquid exchanger, it may be placed either in parallel or in series, and, in the latter case, either upstream or downstream of the main exchanger.
  • the main exchanger is attacked by the freezable fluid at its maximum temperature, which is preferable both in freezing weather (less risk of freezing), and in hot weather (better cooling because the relative circulation of the air and freezable fluid is more or less against the current, while it is more or less of the type with parallel currents in the case of an upstream positioning of the exchanger 9 of the auxiliary circuit).
  • it can operate either with parallel currents (case of Fig. 1), or against currents.
  • the heat source 16 of the frost-free fluid being of any kind and may advantageously be the same source as that of the main freezable fluid, for example, for a power station electric, the turbine steam condenser (not shown), which in this case is a condenser with two cooling circuits, a main circuit and an auxiliary circuit, the latter necessarily operating as a condenser per surface.
  • the turbine steam condenser (not shown), which in this case is a condenser with two cooling circuits, a main circuit and an auxiliary circuit, the latter necessarily operating as a condenser per surface.
  • the operation of this variant is also identical to that of the refrigerant in FIG.
  • FIG. 4 represents an installation similar to that of FIG. 1 but where the frost-resistant fluid is a gas which can be condensed and cannot be thawed at ambient temperatures such as, for example, ammonia or certain chlorofluorinated derivatives of methane or ethane.
  • the exchanger 9c is here a boiler or evaporator, and the exchanger 2c is a condenser.
  • the part of the auxiliary circuit 14c leading the vapor from the evaporator 9c to the condenser 2c is represented in the form of a wide pipe, while the part of this circuit bringing the condensate from the condenser to the evaporator is represented in the form of a narrow driving.
  • the circulation of the unfrozen fluid is done here by thermosiphon, without mechanical organ such as the pump 15: the condensate flowing by gravity into the air condenser 2c releases a volume sucking the vapor through the upstream pipe of the circuit 14c.
  • the invention can also be applied to refrigerants with natural draft.
  • refrigerant whose batteries are arranged in accordance with French patent FR 2 292 944.
  • the operation of switching on the fans is replaced by priming the natural draft, priming facilitated by the horizontal and internal position at the torr of a part of the batteries.
  • the heating of the auxiliary exchangers preferably takes place simultaneously for all of the refrigerant, and not successively for each refrigeration cell, so that the chimney is heated at its base all around, thus insulating the interior of the chimney to its base and allowing the initiation of the draft.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP78400053A 1978-07-03 1978-07-03 Trockenkühlturm Withdrawn EP0006412A1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP78400053A EP0006412A1 (de) 1978-07-03 1978-07-03 Trockenkühlturm
CA318,259A CA1110614A (en) 1978-07-03 1978-12-20 Atmospheric-fluid indirect heat exchanger

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP78400053A EP0006412A1 (de) 1978-07-03 1978-07-03 Trockenkühlturm

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0006412A1 true EP0006412A1 (de) 1980-01-09

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Family Applications (1)

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EP78400053A Withdrawn EP0006412A1 (de) 1978-07-03 1978-07-03 Trockenkühlturm

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EP (1) EP0006412A1 (de)
CA (1) CA1110614A (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3106973A1 (de) * 1981-02-25 1982-11-04 Balcke-Dürr AG, 4030 Ratingen Verfahren zur kondensation von dampf mittels kuehlluft sowie luftgekuehlte kondensationsanlage zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
DE3114948A1 (de) * 1981-04-13 1983-01-05 Balcke-Dürr AG, 4030 Ratingen Verfahren zur kondensation von dampf mittels kuehlluft sowie luftgekuehlte kondensationsanlage zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
EP0220607A1 (de) * 1985-10-24 1987-05-06 TRANSELEKTRO Magyar Villamossagi Külkereskedelmi Vallalat Kühlvorrichtung
EP0381800A1 (de) * 1987-05-08 1990-08-16 Energiagazdálkodási Részvénytársaság Trockenkühlturm mit natürlichem Zug
US5129456A (en) * 1987-05-08 1992-07-14 Energiagazdalkodasi Intezet Dry-operated chimney cooling tower
EP0737804A2 (de) * 1995-04-14 1996-10-16 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Einrichtung zum Vorwärmen von Brennstoff für eine Gasturbine
EP0872270A1 (de) * 1997-04-15 1998-10-21 Westinghouse Air Brake Company Nachkühler mit integrierter Bypass-linie
WO1999001711A1 (en) * 1997-07-02 1999-01-14 De Giusti, Mauro Universal equipment for the cooling fluid regeneration in heat exchange circuits
US6289685B1 (en) * 1999-04-19 2001-09-18 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Air conditioner with combustion heater for refrigerant

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1140417A (fr) * 1954-12-22 1957-07-22 Licencia Talalmanyokat Dispositif pour le remplissage et la vidange de condenseurs refroidis par l'air
FR1296839A (fr) * 1961-07-26 1962-06-22 Gea Luftkuehler Happel Gmbh Perfectionnements apportés aux condenseurs refroidis par l'air pour le produit de tête d'une colonne de distillation ou de rectification
FR1558198A (de) * 1967-03-30 1969-02-21
DE1601108A1 (de) * 1967-12-13 1970-11-26 Babcock & Wilcox Ag Verfahren zur Verhinderung des Einfrierens einer Kondensationsanlage
DE2356505A1 (de) * 1973-11-13 1975-05-15 Gea Luftkuehler Happel Gmbh Vorrichtung zum rueckkuehlen einer waermetraeger-fluessigkeit
FR2281417A1 (fr) * 1974-08-07 1976-03-05 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Fluide refrigerant pour circuit ferme d'evacuation de la chaleur de condensation de la vapeur detendue de turbines a vapeur
FR2283309A1 (fr) * 1974-08-26 1976-03-26 Delas Condenseurs Dispositif de condensation par l'air ambiant pour fluide d'installation thermique de production d'energie
FR2315673A1 (fr) * 1975-06-24 1977-01-21 Delas Condenseurs Dispositif a elements echelonnes de source froide pour tour de refroidissement a tirage naturel

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1140417A (fr) * 1954-12-22 1957-07-22 Licencia Talalmanyokat Dispositif pour le remplissage et la vidange de condenseurs refroidis par l'air
FR1296839A (fr) * 1961-07-26 1962-06-22 Gea Luftkuehler Happel Gmbh Perfectionnements apportés aux condenseurs refroidis par l'air pour le produit de tête d'une colonne de distillation ou de rectification
FR1558198A (de) * 1967-03-30 1969-02-21
DE1601108A1 (de) * 1967-12-13 1970-11-26 Babcock & Wilcox Ag Verfahren zur Verhinderung des Einfrierens einer Kondensationsanlage
DE2356505A1 (de) * 1973-11-13 1975-05-15 Gea Luftkuehler Happel Gmbh Vorrichtung zum rueckkuehlen einer waermetraeger-fluessigkeit
FR2281417A1 (fr) * 1974-08-07 1976-03-05 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Fluide refrigerant pour circuit ferme d'evacuation de la chaleur de condensation de la vapeur detendue de turbines a vapeur
FR2283309A1 (fr) * 1974-08-26 1976-03-26 Delas Condenseurs Dispositif de condensation par l'air ambiant pour fluide d'installation thermique de production d'energie
FR2315673A1 (fr) * 1975-06-24 1977-01-21 Delas Condenseurs Dispositif a elements echelonnes de source froide pour tour de refroidissement a tirage naturel

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3106973A1 (de) * 1981-02-25 1982-11-04 Balcke-Dürr AG, 4030 Ratingen Verfahren zur kondensation von dampf mittels kuehlluft sowie luftgekuehlte kondensationsanlage zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
DE3114948A1 (de) * 1981-04-13 1983-01-05 Balcke-Dürr AG, 4030 Ratingen Verfahren zur kondensation von dampf mittels kuehlluft sowie luftgekuehlte kondensationsanlage zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
EP0220607A1 (de) * 1985-10-24 1987-05-06 TRANSELEKTRO Magyar Villamossagi Külkereskedelmi Vallalat Kühlvorrichtung
EP0381800A1 (de) * 1987-05-08 1990-08-16 Energiagazdálkodási Részvénytársaság Trockenkühlturm mit natürlichem Zug
US5129456A (en) * 1987-05-08 1992-07-14 Energiagazdalkodasi Intezet Dry-operated chimney cooling tower
EP0737804A2 (de) * 1995-04-14 1996-10-16 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Einrichtung zum Vorwärmen von Brennstoff für eine Gasturbine
EP0737804A3 (de) * 1995-04-14 1997-07-23 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Einrichtung zum Vorwärmen von Brennstoff für eine Gasturbine
US5794448A (en) * 1995-04-14 1998-08-18 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Gas turbine fuel heating apparatus
EP0872270A1 (de) * 1997-04-15 1998-10-21 Westinghouse Air Brake Company Nachkühler mit integrierter Bypass-linie
WO1999001711A1 (en) * 1997-07-02 1999-01-14 De Giusti, Mauro Universal equipment for the cooling fluid regeneration in heat exchange circuits
US6467539B1 (en) 1997-07-02 2002-10-22 Hitachi, Ltd. Universal equipment for the cooling fluid regeneration in heat exchange circuits
US6289685B1 (en) * 1999-04-19 2001-09-18 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Air conditioner with combustion heater for refrigerant

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Publication number Publication date
CA1110614A (en) 1981-10-13

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