EP0003614A1 - Fermeture pare-feu pour ouvertures dans des murs et des plafonds - Google Patents
Fermeture pare-feu pour ouvertures dans des murs et des plafonds Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0003614A1 EP0003614A1 EP79100433A EP79100433A EP0003614A1 EP 0003614 A1 EP0003614 A1 EP 0003614A1 EP 79100433 A EP79100433 A EP 79100433A EP 79100433 A EP79100433 A EP 79100433A EP 0003614 A1 EP0003614 A1 EP 0003614A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- frame
- fire
- fire protection
- sealing
- sealing element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
- E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
- E06B5/16—Fireproof doors or similar closures; Adaptations of fixed constructions therefor
- E06B5/164—Sealing arrangements between the door or window and its frame, e.g. intumescent seals specially adapted therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C2/00—Fire prevention or containment
- A62C2/06—Physical fire-barriers
- A62C2/12—Hinged dampers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
- E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
- E06B5/16—Fireproof doors or similar closures; Adaptations of fixed constructions therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/70—Door leaves
- E06B3/7015—Door leaves characterised by the filling between two external panels
- E06B2003/7023—Door leaves characterised by the filling between two external panels of foam type
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/70—Door leaves
- E06B3/7015—Door leaves characterised by the filling between two external panels
- E06B2003/7032—Door leaves characterised by the filling between two external panels of non-vegetal fibrous material, e.g. glass or rock wool
- E06B2003/7034—Door leaves characterised by the filling between two external panels of non-vegetal fibrous material, e.g. glass or rock wool of asbestos
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fire protection closure for sealing and closing openings in walls and ceilings, consisting of an outer frame made of metal with the associated mounting brackets and inserted, circumferential sealing frame made of fire protection insulating plates with inserted sealing lips and the inside with the inner holding and fastening frame
- Metal movable sealing element that closes the entire clear width of the opening and over its full area is made of fire protection insulating plates, which is of the thickness corresponding to the fire resistance class, particularly for use in transport system passages.
- the buildings are usually divided into fire sections separated by fire walls and ceilings, the quality of which is determined in a technical standard.
- Fire resistance classes F-90 or F-120 are generally required for building construction. This means that a fire protection closure, for example of fire resistance class F-120, in the course of exposure to fire and smoke on one side in the form of an assumed, standardized fire and temperature profile with smoke development in a test furnace for the entire duration of the test period of 120 minutes on the Fire away side must not exceed a likewise standardized temperature. Measurements are made according to a measuring point plan, which is also standardized. Furthermore, the passage of fire, cold and hot flue gases and the passage of heat radiation must be prevented with certainty.
- fire protection closures are intended to close openings in the course of rail-bound conveyor systems, so the fire protection closure is checked in the investigations and in the fire test in connection with the conveyor system.
- the existing construction and testing principles make it possible to use fire protection closures for transposal system passages that are open as planned and should only close the opening in the event of a fire.
- fire barriers are only opened when the conveyor is in operation and then only for the purpose of conveying material through the fire section, and are closed again immediately after the material has passed through. This means that these fire protection closures have to be equipped with a drive system, are therefore exposed to multiple mechanical stresses, and that the functional relationships of fire protection closures in connection with the conveyor system are subject to significantly higher requirements.
- Fire protection closures in the form of fire protection doors, fire protection flaps and fire protection slides for wall and ceiling passages are known.
- doors, flaps and slides In which either the outer frame and the sealing element are made entirely of steel and sheet steel with mineral wool insulation or overall of class A fire protection insulation panels in accordance with DIN 4101.
- the fire barriers are either attached via door hinges and frames or with frames on and / or in the masonry of the opening / opening.
- fire protection doors and fire protection slides are also known, the sealing element of which is slidably arranged on rails by means of rollers. It is also known to move these sealing elements with a motor via a rack, chain or guide rod.
- fire protection closures in the form of fire protection slides are known, in which a sealing strip arranged at the lower or lateral end of the movable sealing element engages in the component of the transport system which is passed through the fire wall opening, and thus a certain seal is to be achieved.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of making a fire protection closure available which completely seals an opening in a fire wall or ceiling in the event of a fire with reliability in accordance with the regulations for standards-compliant constructions, is easy and safe to transport, the assembly method is uncomplicated, simple and at the same time, it is certain that the regular function tests are easy to carry out, that the mechanical strength is sufficient to ensure that the operationally required number of movements is also achieved with a motorized drive, the drive system of which ensures a precise end position of the movable sealing element in the closed state and has an emergency closing device that ensures mechanical closure of the opening from any position of the movable sealing element, even in the event of a power failure, in the event of a fire and has the necessary control devices.
- the task results in basic requirements for the physical properties of the materials to be used, which are summarized in the following matrix using the assessment criteria.
- the solution to the problem can only be achieved by using the material steel in combination with the fire protection materials. Since there was practically no experience in this area, extensive research and development work was initially required, which had to be supplemented by complicated and lengthy fire tests.
- the technical solution to the problem described below is the result of this development work, which has now been brought to a certain conclusion, the quality of the construction being determined essentially by the fact that the selected materials are used in a sensibly combined manner and in accordance with their possibilities.
- metal profiles form an outer peripheral frame in the form that the fixed insulating sealing frame made of fire protection insulating plates, surrounding the wall or ceiling opening, and the likewise made of fire protection insulating plates and with a surrounding, or at least partially encircling fastening frame, movable sealing element are arranged and fastened so that firstly the desired overlap (a) is formed, in which at least one sealing lip can be accommodated on the sealing frame and at least one sealing groove can be accommodated in the body of the manageable sealing element, secondly on the The desired overlap (h) and on the inlet side _j the desired overlap (g) is formed and, thirdly, there is no good heat-conducting connection at any point from the surface of the fire protection closure to the opposite side of the wall and / or ceiling opening.
- a closing device is arranged on the support arm attached to the outer surrounding frame in such a way that the one attached to the shaft and 180 ° pivotable lever arm, at the upper end of which is attached in the guide profile fixedly attached to the movable sealing element rolling out roll, has reached its closed position when the movable sealing element is in front of the opening to be closed.
- a drive unit is arranged on the extended support arm for the locking device in such a way that the lever arm, which is pivoted on the shaft / axis by 180 °, is driven by means of a separable locking system which is firmly attached to this lever arm and acts as a driver acts, is connected to the lever arm of the closing device, which is pivotably arranged in the same axis alignment, and thus a drive separation is created as planned.
- a fire protection closure for sealing and closing openings in walls and ceilings is available, with which openings in a fire wall or ceiling in the event of a fire can be completely and reliably sealed in accordance with the regulations for standards-compliant constructions , which is easy and safe to transport, the assembly process is straightforward, simple and safe at the same time, the regular functional tests are easy to carry out, and the mechanical strength is sufficient to ensure that the operational number of movements L is also achieved with a motorized drive, its locking device ensures a precise end position of the movable sealing element in the closed state, has an emergency closing device which ensures mechanical closure of the opening from any position of the movable sealing element, even in the event of a power failure, in the event of fire and has the necessary control devices.
- the invention can be used in an advantageous manner for any type of conveyor system and can also be combined with a "device for sealing and closing off fire protection closures for openings in walls and ceilings in rooms connected by transport systems", as described, for example, under number P 28 15 515.9 was filed in Germany and in which the movable sealing element is driven either by mechanical devices or by drive systems.
- the invention essentially consists of the outer surrounding frame (10), (10a) with the sealing element (14), which is movable therein (63) and is driven by a closing device (64).
- the fire protection closure created in this way is fastened to the fire wall (44) by means of the fastening brackets (23) using metal expansion anchors (26).
- the mass balance (35) is produced via deflection rollers (33) and a roller chain (32) with the movable sealing element (14).
- the roller chain (32) is connected to the mass balance (35) by means of a fusible link (34). This is particularly important for fire barriers that close vertically from top to bottom.
- the mass balance (35) should be separated from the movable sealing element (14) in the shortest possible time.
- Reason In normal operation, mass balancing is required to ensure the movement sequences.
- the space created between the insulating sealing frame (13) and the fire wall (14) is filled with the elastic seal (11) made of non-combustible asbestos foam.
- the asbestos foam is preferably compressed in a ratio of 3: 1, this ensures that any inaccuracies that may be present on the fire wall can be compensated for in practice and thus sealed.
- the elastic seal (61) is inserted between the fire protection insulating plate (28) and the insulating sealing frame (13). It is of particular importance that the gap (f) between the fire protection insulating plate (28) (movable) and on the fire wall (44) is as small as possible in order to achieve a high level of tightness against fire gas flows in the closed state of the fire protection closure. Fig.
- FIG. 5 shows the detail II from FIG. 2.
- the metal frame (12) is incorporated in the movable sealing element (14).
- the fire protection insulating plates (27) are inserted between the insulating sealing frame (13) and the outer surrounding frame (10a).
- the total thickness of the fire protection insulation panels must be at least 40 mm. This is particularly important because otherwise the outer frame (10a) glowing red in the event of fire can emit radiation energy through the gap (d) into the area of the opening (63), which leads to an increase in the measurement temperature.
- the fire protection insulating plate (27) is guided to the fire wall (44) and that the insulating sealing frame (13) is perpendicular to the fire protection insulating plate (27).
- the resulting space between the fire protection insulating plate (13) and the fire wall (44) is filled with the elastic seal (11), as described in Fig. 4.
- the elastic seal (25) is arranged as an elastic inlet seal between the movable sealing element (14) and fire protection insulating plates (27).
- the overlap (g) should be at least 80 mm.
- the attachment to the fire wall of the surrounding frame (10a) is carried out using metal expansion anchors (26).
- the insulating sealing frame (13) is screwed into the outer frame (10) and with the help of the wide-area drive nut (49).
- the support is provided with a bevel (47) which adapts to the inclination of the metal profile of the outer frame (10).
- the space between the insulating sealing frame (13) and the fire wall (44) is filled with an elastic seal (11) made of non-combustible asbestos foam.
- the running rail (42) is fastened (52) on the inside of the flange of the outer surrounding frame (10) via the fastening brackets (41).
- the ball-bearing roller cage carriage (43) moves in the running rail (42) and is in turn firmly connected to the metal frame (12) of the movable sealing element (14).
- the steel skeleton created in this way consisting of the circumferential outer frame (10) (10a), the rails (42) arranged on both sides and the circumferential metal frame (12) creates a robust and mechanically highly stressable fastening and barrel construction.
- the fire protection insulation panels (17) (18) (19) are incorporated into the metal frame (12) with the aid of adhesive (51) and steel clips (50).
- the sealing grooves (15) into which the sealing lips (15) protrude are milled on the side facing the sealing frame (13).
- the sealing lips (15) are firmly incorporated into the insulating sealing frame (13).
- the distance (d) between the insulating sealing frame 1 (13) and movable sealing element (14) should be as small as possible at all points but still have so much scope that it does not come into contact.
- the height dimension (b) of the sealing lips (15) is dimensioned at least such that even with the known curvature of the movable sealing element (14) due to the effects of temperature in the event of fire, the sealing lips (15) are still inserted into the sealing grooves ( 16) of the movable sealing element (14) protrude. This is important because fire tests have shown that the change in structure under the influence of high temperatures in the event of fire leads to a certain shrinkage of the flamed surface, which in turn leads to the aforementioned warping of the entire movable sealing element (14).
- the contactless labyrinth seal created in this way forms one of the essential features in the present invention, yes it can be said that without this contactless labyrinth seal the fire test according to the assessment criteria for standard-compliant constructions cannot be carried out successfully.
- the fire insulating plate (19) overlapping the metal frame (12) is adapted to the slope (47), so that the gap (e) is formed to a certain width.
- the distance dimension of the gap (e) should not be more than 1 mm. This is particularly important because it prevents the warping of the movable sealing element (14). The warping forces are to be used in the calculation so that a surface pressure of 20 kp per cm 2 is not exceeded on the support surface in the slope (47).
- a further special feature is shown in FIG. 6. If the fire protection ends are attached under the ceiling, this is no longer possible with normal fasteners (23).
- the clamping dimension (s) should preferably be 20 mm but a maximum of 40 mm.
- the mounting block (87) should have as much mass as possible so that the heating time of the mass is delayed, which is crucial to ensure that the fastening serves its full purpose over the entire duration of the fire.
- the mounting block (87) is to be designed in such a way that the adjusting screws (89) can be screwed in, which means that the outer surrounding frame (10) can be brought into the required support due to the unevenness of the lower surface of the ceiling.
- Fig. 7 shows a modification in the design of the support with the mounting block (87).
- the adjusting screw (89) forms the support for the outer frame (10).
- a second adjusting screw (92) is arranged in the front area of the fastening block (87) and protrudes through a bore (93) in the outer surrounding frame (10).
- the metal rail (91) is incorporated on the metal frame (12) in the area of the bevel (47) of the outer surrounding frame (10).
- the adjusting screw (92) is set so that the movable sealing element (41) runs without contact.
- the adjusting screw (92) can advantageously be arranged in the axial alignment of the metal frame (12).
- the adjustment and support device created in this way offers maximum protection against warping of the movable sealing element in the event of a fire, particularly in the case of long-term temperature stress in the sense of standard-compliant designs.
- the depth measure (1) shows the depth of the incisions (22) for absorbing the expansion.
- Fig. 8 shows the structure and mode of operation of the drive device (75), which is always used when fire protection closures have to be moved by the drive.
- the drive device (75) On the extended support arm (74), on which the closing device (64) is also attached, the drive device (75) is arranged in such a way that the (76) pivotable on the shaft / axis (78) (76) ⁇ driven lever arm (77) by means of a separable hold-open system (79), which acts fixedly on this lever arm (77) and acts as a driver, is connected to the lever arm (67) of the closing device (64) which is pivotable (66) in the same axis alignment (65) is.
- the drive separation (84) is created by the drive device (75) thus created.
- the lever arm (77) pivoting on the circular arc (76) is switched off in the two end positions by the limit switches (85) (86).
- the drive motor (80) with the reduction gear (81) attached drives the shaft (78) with the attached lever arm (77) via the gears (81) (82) and the torque-limiting adjustable slip clutch (83) in the combination of a positive and non-positive connection. on.
- the drive disconnect (84) is an essential important feature in the operation of the present invention. It is necessary because the swiveling lever arm (77) can also remain in any conceivable intermediate position between the upper and lower end positions as a result of a power failure or other malfunction in the upper end position. If a fire alarm occurs in such a case, the hold-open system (79) is separated by a smoke detector, ie the pivotable lever (67) is released and the closing device (64) moves the pivotable lever arm into the lower end position (70).
- This system ensures that, even in the event of a power failure, it is ensured that, in the event of a fire, the movable sealing element (14) closes the opening (63) in the fire wall (64) in the desired end position.
- Fig. 9 shows the drive device (75) and the locking device (64) in the view (a) of Fig. 8.
- the locking system (79) connects the two pivotable levers (77) and (67) arranged on an axis alignment.
- the pivotable lever (67) is firmly connected to the movable sealing element (14) via the run-off roller (68) and the guide profile (69).
- the entire locking device (64) and drive device (75) is open the support arm (74) arranged.
- the drive separation (84) is omitted in the drive device (75) and the lever arm (67) which can be pivoted by 180 P is directly connected to the shaft (78) of the drive device (75).
- the various devices can be constructed as individual, independent assembly units which can be easily attached to the fire wall or ceiling in connection with the pre-assembled transport system.
- the invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments shown and described. It is e.g. possible to use a modified design for openings without transport systems.
- the invention also includes all technical modifications and further developments as well as partial and substructures of the features and measures described and / or shown.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)
- Special Wing (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2806330 | 1978-02-15 | ||
DE19782806330 DE2806330A1 (de) | 1978-02-15 | 1978-02-15 | Feuerschutzabschluss zum verschliessen von oeffnungen in waenden und decken |
DE19782809693 DE2809693A1 (de) | 1978-03-07 | 1978-03-07 | Feuerschutzabschluss zum verschliessen von oeffnungen in waenden und decken |
DE2809693 | 1978-03-07 | ||
DE19782856173 DE2856173A1 (de) | 1978-12-27 | 1978-12-27 | Feuerschutzabschluss zum abdichten und verschliessen von oeffnungen in waenden und decken |
DE2856173 | 1978-12-27 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0003614A1 true EP0003614A1 (fr) | 1979-08-22 |
EP0003614B1 EP0003614B1 (fr) | 1981-05-13 |
Family
ID=27187455
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP79100433A Expired EP0003614B1 (fr) | 1978-02-15 | 1979-02-14 | Fermeture pare-feu pour ouvertures dans des murs et des plafonds |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0003614B1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE2960331D1 (fr) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2645580A1 (fr) * | 1989-04-10 | 1990-10-12 | Somenor Sa | Dispositif mécanique de commande de l'ouverture d'une porte et porte pourvue de ce dispositif |
DE4203470A1 (de) * | 1992-02-04 | 1993-08-26 | Klaus Dipl Ing Richter | Antriebsvorrichtung fuer einen eine oeffnung abdeckenden verschluss |
GB2291469A (en) * | 1994-04-07 | 1996-01-24 | Thurston Group Plc | Fire shutter |
US6497420B2 (en) | 2000-04-07 | 2002-12-24 | Roces S.R.L. | Skate with adjustable size |
CN108590729A (zh) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-09-28 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | 一种高密闭型排烟口装置 |
CN109908511A (zh) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-06-21 | 北京三维海容科技有限公司 | 一种防火隔热安全隔离装置及包含该装置的物流*** |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4139874C1 (en) * | 1991-11-29 | 1993-06-17 | Klaus Dipl.-Ing. 1000 Berlin De Richter | Fire protection cut-off for building - closes opening in wall or ceiling with movable seal having transport rails running in its movement direction |
CN111467705B (zh) * | 2020-05-02 | 2021-10-26 | 倪水木 | 一种防火墙的搭建方法 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2304335A1 (de) * | 1973-01-30 | 1974-08-01 | Stabilus Gmbh | Kraftfahrzeugfenster-schnellverstellung mit einem hebel und einer gasfeder |
DE7224998U (de) * | 1974-11-07 | Flamex Ltd | Feuerschutzklappe für Fördereinrichtungen | |
DE2352044A1 (de) * | 1973-10-17 | 1975-04-30 | Flamex Ltd | Vorrichtung zum abdichten von feuerschutzabschluessen bei durch foerderanlagen verbundenen raeumen |
DE7628234U1 (de) * | 1976-09-09 | 1976-12-23 | Deutsche Metalltueren-Werke Aug. Schwarze Ag, 4800 Bielefeld | Feuerschutz-stahlschiebetor |
DE2547818A1 (de) * | 1975-10-25 | 1977-05-05 | Vki Rheinhold & Mahla Ag | Vorrichtung zum abdichten und schliessen von feuerschutzabschluessen fuer oeffnungen in einer wand oder decke |
-
1979
- 1979-02-14 EP EP79100433A patent/EP0003614B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1979-02-14 DE DE7979100433T patent/DE2960331D1/de not_active Expired
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE7224998U (de) * | 1974-11-07 | Flamex Ltd | Feuerschutzklappe für Fördereinrichtungen | |
DE2304335A1 (de) * | 1973-01-30 | 1974-08-01 | Stabilus Gmbh | Kraftfahrzeugfenster-schnellverstellung mit einem hebel und einer gasfeder |
DE2352044A1 (de) * | 1973-10-17 | 1975-04-30 | Flamex Ltd | Vorrichtung zum abdichten von feuerschutzabschluessen bei durch foerderanlagen verbundenen raeumen |
DE2547818A1 (de) * | 1975-10-25 | 1977-05-05 | Vki Rheinhold & Mahla Ag | Vorrichtung zum abdichten und schliessen von feuerschutzabschluessen fuer oeffnungen in einer wand oder decke |
DE7628234U1 (de) * | 1976-09-09 | 1976-12-23 | Deutsche Metalltueren-Werke Aug. Schwarze Ag, 4800 Bielefeld | Feuerschutz-stahlschiebetor |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2645580A1 (fr) * | 1989-04-10 | 1990-10-12 | Somenor Sa | Dispositif mécanique de commande de l'ouverture d'une porte et porte pourvue de ce dispositif |
DE4203470A1 (de) * | 1992-02-04 | 1993-08-26 | Klaus Dipl Ing Richter | Antriebsvorrichtung fuer einen eine oeffnung abdeckenden verschluss |
GB2291469A (en) * | 1994-04-07 | 1996-01-24 | Thurston Group Plc | Fire shutter |
GB2291469B (en) * | 1994-04-07 | 1997-10-15 | Thurston Group Plc | Fire rating of portable building |
US6497420B2 (en) | 2000-04-07 | 2002-12-24 | Roces S.R.L. | Skate with adjustable size |
CN108590729A (zh) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-09-28 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | 一种高密闭型排烟口装置 |
CN108590729B (zh) * | 2018-03-12 | 2023-08-01 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | 一种高密闭型排烟口装置 |
CN109908511A (zh) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-06-21 | 北京三维海容科技有限公司 | 一种防火隔热安全隔离装置及包含该装置的物流*** |
CN109908511B (zh) * | 2019-03-29 | 2024-05-31 | 山东三维海容科技有限公司 | 一种防火隔热安全隔离装置及包含该装置的物流*** |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2960331D1 (en) | 1981-08-20 |
EP0003614B1 (fr) | 1981-05-13 |
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