DE4225595C1 - Cable segment test method for locating resistance variations in local area network - supplying measuring pulses and evaluating reflected pulses using analogue=to=digital converter and two separate channels, with memory storing values - Google Patents
Cable segment test method for locating resistance variations in local area network - supplying measuring pulses and evaluating reflected pulses using analogue=to=digital converter and two separate channels, with memory storing valuesInfo
- Publication number
- DE4225595C1 DE4225595C1 DE19924225595 DE4225595A DE4225595C1 DE 4225595 C1 DE4225595 C1 DE 4225595C1 DE 19924225595 DE19924225595 DE 19924225595 DE 4225595 A DE4225595 A DE 4225595A DE 4225595 C1 DE4225595 C1 DE 4225595C1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- cable
- pulses
- sampling period
- memory
- separate channels
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/11—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks using pulse reflection methods
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Lokali
sieren von Widerstandsänderungen in Kabelsegmenten eines lo
kalen Netzwerks (LAN), mit Einspeisung eines Meßimpulses am
Kabelanfang und Auswertung der reflektierten Impulsantwort.
Mit diesem, unter der Bezeichnung TDR (Time Domain Reflecto
metry) bekannten Impuls-Echo-Verfahren kann aus dem zeitli
chen Verlauf der Impulsantwort auf den Ort von Wellenwider
standsänderungen entlang des Kabels, wie sie durch den An
schluß von Transceivern, durch fehlangepaßten Leitungsab
schluß, durch mechanische Verformungen des Kabels, usw. ent
stehen, geschlossen werden.
Bei üblichen TDR-Testgeräten, wie sie beispielsweise auf den
Seiten 65 bis 67 des Tektronix-Katalogs 1989, beschrieben
sind, oder aus der US 47 66 386 hervorgehen, wird der Re
flexionsverlauf analog mittels eines Oszillographen erfaßt.
Zur Ermittlung von Fehlerstellen in elektrischen Kabeln ist
es gemäß den deutschen Offenlegungsschriften DE 26 44 157 A1 und
DE 29 53 266 A1 auch bekannt, die reflektierte Impulsantwort abzu
tasten, so daß ihre Auswertung bequemer und mit größerer Ge
nauigkeit als bei Verwendung eines Oszillographen erfolgen
kann.
Im Hinblick auf die noch zu erfassenden Signallaufzeiten zwi
schen zwei Transceivern, welche im minimal zulässigen Abstand
an das Kabel angeschlossen sind, werden Abtastfrequenzen in
der Größenordnung von 200 MHz erforderlich. Handelsüblich er
hältliche Analog/Digital-Wandler mit solch kleinen Abtastpe
rioden sind recht teuer.
Die Erfindung stellt sich daher die
Aufgabe, ein Verfahren anzugeben, mit dem man mit einfacheren
und billigeren Analog-/Digitalwandlern auskommt.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe gelingt erfindungsgemäß mit den im Patent
anspruch 1 angegebenen Maßnahmen. Auf diese Weise steht
jeweils nach der halben Abtastperiode ein neuer digita
lisierter Meßwert zur Verfügung und es können zur Implemen
tierung billigere Analog/Digital-Wandler verwendet werden.
Von Vorteil ist es, als Speicher einen sogenannten ECL-
(Emitter-Coupled Logic) - Speicher einzusetzen, der - da mit
ungesättigten Transistoren arbeitend - in sehr schneller
Folge mit abzulegenden Eingangswerten beaufschlagt werden
kann.
Die Erfindung mit ihren weiteren, in Unteransprüchen ge
kennzeichneten Ausgestaltungen, soll nachstehend anhand der
Figuren näher erläutert werden. Dabei zeigt
Fig. 1 ein Prinzipschaltbild für eine die Erfindung reali
sierende Meßanordnung,
Fig. 2 ein Diagramm für aufeinanderfolgende Abtastwerte
und
Fig. 3 ein typisches Impulsdiagramm für einen sich bei
einer bestimmten Kabelkonfiguration ergebenden
Reflexionsverlauf.
In Fig. 1 ist mit 1 ein koaxiales Kabel bezeichnet, das
ein Teilstück beispielsweise eines Ethernet-Rechnernetzwer
kes darstellt und dessen maximale Länge lmax in diesem Fall
bis zu 500 m betragen könnte. Die Testzeit bestimmt sich
aus der doppelten Signallaufzeit vom Anfang bis zum Ende
eines Kabels mit maximaler Länge und beginnt mit der Aus
sendung eines Meßimpulses mit der Pulsdauer tMP, welcher
über einen dem Wellenwiderstand des Kabels entsprechenden
Widerstand von 50 Ohm von einem Impulsgenerator 2 am Kabel
segmentanfang eingespeist wird. Ausgelöst wird dieser
Meßimpuls von einer Steuerstation 3, welche über einen
internen Systembus 4 einen Zugang zu dem Netzwerk hat, der
durch das CSNA/CD - (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with
Collision Detect) - Zugangsprotokoll geregelt ist. Erkennt
die Steuerstation, daß das Netz momentan frei ist, dann
aktiviert sie den Impulsgeber 2 und wenn nach der vom Zu
gangsprotokoll spezifizierten Wartezeit für eine sende
willige Station das Netz immer noch frei ist, wird unter
Aktivierung des Impulsgenerators 2 der Meßimpuls in das
Kabel 1 eingespeist. Impuls und Impulsantwort werden einem
Pegelanpaßverstärker 5 zugeführt, dessen Ausgangssignal IA
die Eingänge von zwei Analog/Digital-Wandlern 6 und 7 be
aufschlagt. Diese Anlaog/Digital-Wandler weisen interne
Abtast- und Haltekreise auf, die nach Maßgabe der ihnen an
ihren sogenannten "Strobe"-Eingängen zugeführten und von
der Steuerstation 3 generierten Taktsignale T1 und T2 be
tätigt werden. Diese Taktsignale legen die Abtastfrequenz
fest. Die Taktsignale T1 und T2 sind von gleicher Frequenz,
jedoch gegeneinander um eine halbe Taktperiode zeitver
setzt. Die digitalen Ausgänge der beiden Analog/Digital-
Wandler 6 und 7 werden über einen Demultiplexer 8 den
Eingängen eines ECL-Speichers 9 zugeführt, wobei der De
multiplexer 8 von der Steuerstation 3 so gesteuert wird,
daß er jeweils für die Dauer einer halben Abtastperiode
abwechselnd den einen oder den anderen Ausgang der Analog/-
Digital-Wandler 6 bzw. 7 zum Speicher 9 durchschaltet. Auf
diese Weise wird im Abstand einer halben Abtastperiode ein
neuer digitalisierter Meßwert der Impulsantwort IA vom
Speicher 9 übernommen. Wird innerhalb der Meßzeit ein
Datenpaket gesendet, dann erkennt dies die Steuerstation 4,
verwirft die bisher im Speicher 9 gesammelten Meßwerte und
unternimmt nach einer gemäß dem Protokoll bestimmten Zu
fallszeit einen erneuten Meßversuch.
Bei den Analog/Digital-Wandler 6 bzw. 7 kann es sich um
handelsübliche Bauelemente handeln. Der Siemens Analog-
Digital-Umsetzer SDA 5200 beispielsweise benötigt nur ein
Strobe-Signal T1 bzw. T2, dessen prinzipielle Form in der
rechten unteren Hälfte der Fig. 1 dargestellt ist. Mit den
im zeitlichen Abstand von tA aufeinanderfolgenden, anstei
genden Flanken der Strobesignale T1 bzw. T2 wird jeweils
ein aktueller Wert der Impulsantwort IA abgetastet und in
der darauffolgenden Impulspause, welche durch einen
Taktsignalpegel von "low" gekennzeichnet ist, als einge
schwungener Abtastwert ausgangsseitig zur Verfügung ge
stellt. Am Ausgang des Analog/Digital-Wandlers 6 erscheint
also jeweils zu den mit einem "." gekennzeichneten Zeiten
ein gültiges Ausgangssignal, während ein solches am Ausgang
des Analog/Digital-Wandlers 7 zu den mit einem "x" gekenn
zeichneten Zeiten erfolgt. Auf diese Weise wird die Abtast
frequenz praktisch verdoppelt.
Fig. 2 zeigt bei einem willkürlich angenommenen Signal S
die zeitliche Abfolge der von den zwei parallel beauf
schlagten Analog/Digital -Wandlern gelieferten Abtastwerte.
Man erkennt, daß durch die zeitliche Verschiebung um ta=0,5·tA
jeweils im Abstand ta ein neuer aktueller Abtast
wert von einem der beiden parallelen Analog/Digital-Wand
lern zur Verfügung gestellt wird, obwohl diese selbst das
Signal S mit einer doppelt so großen Abtastperiode tA ab
tasten.
Fig. 3 zeigt den typischen Reflexionsverlauf bei einem
Kabelsegment 1, an welches vier Transceiver TR1 bis TR4
angeschlossen sind und welches am Leitungsende kurzge
schlossen ist. Auf den Meßimpuls mit der Dauer tMP, welche
ungefähr 10 Nanosekunden beträgt, folgen in zeitlichen Ab
ständen, welche proportional zur Entfernung der Transcei
veranschlußstellen vom Kabelanfang sind, die zurückreflek
tierten Impulse.
Claims (5)
1. Verfahren zum Lokalisieren von Widerstandsänderungen in
Kabelsegmenten eines lokalen Netzwerks (LAN), mit Einspeisung
eines Meßimpulses am Kabelanfang und Auswertung der
reflektierten Impulsantwort, wobei die Impulsantwort (IA) in
zwei getrennten Kanälen (6, 7) mit gleicher Abtastperiode
(tA), jedoch gegeneinander zeitversetzt um die Zeitdauer ei
ner halben Abtastperiode, abgetastet sowie digitalisiert wird
und die digitalisierten Werte der beiden Kanalausgänge je
weils abwechselnd in einem Speicher (9) abgelegt werden.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die digitalisierten Werte der Impulsantwort in einem ECL-
Speicher abgelegt werden.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Abtastperiode (tA) in den beiden Kanälen kleiner als
die Signallaufzeit zwischen zwei im minimal zulässigem Ab
stand am Netzkabel anschließbaren Transceivern gewählt ist.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Meßimpulsdauer (tMP) größer als die Abtastperiode
(tA) gewählt ist.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche für
Netzwerke mit CSMA/CD-Zugangsprotokoll,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß nach Erkennung eines während der Testzeit im zu testenden
Kabel gesendeten Datenpakets die bisher im Speicher ge
sammelten Meßwerte verworfen werden und nach einer proto
kollbestimmten Zufallszeit ein erneuter Testversuch begonnen
wird.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19924225595 DE4225595C1 (en) | 1992-08-03 | 1992-08-03 | Cable segment test method for locating resistance variations in local area network - supplying measuring pulses and evaluating reflected pulses using analogue=to=digital converter and two separate channels, with memory storing values |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19924225595 DE4225595C1 (en) | 1992-08-03 | 1992-08-03 | Cable segment test method for locating resistance variations in local area network - supplying measuring pulses and evaluating reflected pulses using analogue=to=digital converter and two separate channels, with memory storing values |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE4225595C1 true DE4225595C1 (en) | 1993-09-02 |
Family
ID=6464724
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19924225595 Expired - Fee Related DE4225595C1 (en) | 1992-08-03 | 1992-08-03 | Cable segment test method for locating resistance variations in local area network - supplying measuring pulses and evaluating reflected pulses using analogue=to=digital converter and two separate channels, with memory storing values |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE4225595C1 (de) |
Cited By (141)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0652442A1 (de) * | 1993-11-06 | 1995-05-10 | BICC Public Limited Company | Vorrichtung zum Testen einer elektrischen Leitung |
DE4425551A1 (de) * | 1994-07-19 | 1996-02-01 | Gore W L & Ass Gmbh | Meßgerät zum Messen des Verlaufs der charakteristischen Impedanz entlang einem Kabel |
DE19523710A1 (de) * | 1995-06-29 | 1997-01-02 | Curt Dipl Ing Reichert | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Fehlerortung von Rohrleitungen |
EP0691546A3 (de) * | 1994-07-08 | 1997-01-15 | Fluke Corp | Zeitbereichsreflektometer zum Prüfen von Koaxialkabeln |
EP1193890A2 (de) * | 2000-09-29 | 2002-04-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Leitungsdiagnose eines Bussystems |
DE10112844A1 (de) * | 2001-03-16 | 2002-09-26 | Softing Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Online-Prüfung von Feldbuseinrichtungen |
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