DE2752450A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE CONTENT OF FREE CHLORINE IN A SOLUTION - Google Patents
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE CONTENT OF FREE CHLORINE IN A SOLUTIONInfo
- Publication number
- DE2752450A1 DE2752450A1 DE19772752450 DE2752450A DE2752450A1 DE 2752450 A1 DE2752450 A1 DE 2752450A1 DE 19772752450 DE19772752450 DE 19772752450 DE 2752450 A DE2752450 A DE 2752450A DE 2752450 A1 DE2752450 A1 DE 2752450A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- chlorine
- solution
- compound
- analysis
- free
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 38
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 title claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloramine Chemical class ClN QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- QNGVNLMMEQUVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-n,4-n-diethylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 QNGVNLMMEQUVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 chlorine ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001913 cyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/404—Cells with anode, cathode and cell electrolyte on the same side of a permeable membrane which separates them from the sample fluid, e.g. Clark-type oxygen sensors
- G01N27/4045—Cells with anode, cathode and cell electrolyte on the same side of a permeable membrane which separates them from the sample fluid, e.g. Clark-type oxygen sensors for gases other than oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/18—Water
- G01N33/182—Specific anions in water
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
Description
MÜNCHEN 81 WtSSMANNSTRASSE 14 TELEFON 93 27 74 TELEGRAMMADRESSE: LANGHoÄAtEI^ WL*id#EM MUNICH 81 WtSSMANNSTRASSE 14 TELEPHONE 93 27 74 TELEGRAM ADDRESS: LANGHoÄAtEI ^ WL * id # EM
-3--3-
München, den 23. 10. 1977 Unser Zeichen : 45 - 1721Munich, October 23, 1977 Our reference: 45 - 1721
Bernard SAUNIER, 16, avenue Gros Malhon, F-35000 RennesBernard SAUNIER, 16, avenue Gros Malhon, F-35000 Rennes
und
Antoine DERREUMAUX, 19, Boulevard de Beausejour, F-75016 Parisand
Antoine DERREUMAUX, 19, Boulevard de Beausejour, F-75016 Paris
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Messen des Gehalts an freiem Chlor in einer LösungMethod and device for measuring the content of free chlorine in a solution
80982b/066b80982b / 066b
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Messen des Gehalts an freiem Chlor in einer Lösung, die Chlor als freies und kombiniertes Chlor enthält, insbesondere Chloramine, wobei durch Analyse durch Strommessung der Gesamtchlorgehalt gemessen wird. Unter "freiem Chlor" versteht man HOCl und OCl".The invention relates to a method and a device for measuring the content of free chlorine in a solution, which contains chlorine as free and combined chlorine, in particular chloramines, the total chlorine content being analyzed by current measurement is measured. "Free chlorine" means HOCl and OCl ".
Eine derartige Analyse wird insbesondere bei Wasser durchgeführt, das zum Zwecke der Desinfizierung und Sterilisierung mit Chlor behandelt worden ist. In Anwesenheit von Ammoniak und organischen Stoffen entstehen Chloramine in manchmal beachtlichen Proportionen, und es kommt nun darauf an, den Restgehalt an freiem Chlor, das sehr viel aktiver ist als die Chloramine, genau zu kennen.Such an analysis is carried out in particular for water that is used for disinfection and sterilization with chlorine has been treated. In the presence of ammonia and organic substances, chloramines are formed in sometimes considerable proportions, and it is now important to know exactly the residual content of free chlorine, which is much more active than the chloramines.
Hierzu wird gewöhnlich die Analyse durch Strommessung verwendet, die direkt im Wasser durchgeführt wird, mittels Elektroden, von denen die eine beispielsweise aus Kupfer, die andere aus Platin, Silber oder Kohlenstoff ist; die Elektroden werden einer bestimmten Spannungsdifferenz ausgesetzt und in die Lösung getaucht; es entsteht ein Strom mit einer Intensität, die proportional der Konzentration an Chlor ist.For this purpose, the analysis by current measurement is usually used, which is carried out directly in the water, using electrodes, One of which is made of copper, for example, the other of platinum, silver or carbon; the electrodes become one exposed to a certain voltage difference and immersed in the solution; it creates a current with an intensity that is proportional the concentration of chlorine is.
Dieses Verfahren wird zur Bestimmung der Konzentration an Gesamtchlor verwendet. Die Zugabe eines Jodids und eines Puffers mit dein pH-Wert 4,0 vor dem Durchtritt zwischen die beiden Elektroden setzt Jod frei und wandelt die verschiedenen Chlorformen in Chlorid um. Der an der Anzeigeelektrode beobachtete Diffusionsstrom ist eine direkte und genaue Messung der Jodkonzentration, woraus sich der Gehalt an Chlor berechnen läßt.This procedure is used to determine the concentration of total chlorine used. The addition of an iodide and pH 4.0 buffer before passing between the two Electrodes release iodine and convert the various forms of chlorine into chloride. The one observed on the display electrode Diffusion current is a direct and accurate measurement of the iodine concentration, from which the chlorine content can be calculated.
Die Vorrichtung behält ihre Kalibrierung über mehrere Wochen und sogar Monate, und an den Elektroden entsteht kein Polarisationsfilm. The device maintains its calibration for several weeks and even months, and no polarizing film is formed on the electrodes.
809825/0665809825/0665
Will man den Gehalt an freiem Chlor bestimmen, muß man eine direkte Analyse durch Strommessung durchführen, ohne ein Jodid als Reagens zu verwenden und ohne zu puffern, so daß nur das freie Chlor bei der Bildung des Diffusionsstromes von Einfluß ist.If you want to determine the content of free chlorine, you have to carry out a direct analysis by measuring the current, without an iodide to be used as a reagent and without buffering, so that only the free chlorine has an influence on the formation of the diffusion flow is.
Es hat sich jedoch herausgestellt, daß die Anwesenheit von Chloraminen, auch in nur geringen Mengen, leider zu falschen Analyseergebnissen führt, was dadurch zu erklären ist, daß eine gewisse Entladung an Chlorionen der Chloramine stattfindet. Ferner entsteht an der Oberfläche der Elektroden ein Polarisationsfilm, der die Kalibrierung der Vorrichtung beeinträchtigt. It has been found, however, that the presence of chloramines, even in small amounts, unfortunately leads to false Analysis results lead, which can be explained by the fact that a certain discharge of chlorine ions of the chloramines takes place. Furthermore, a polarization film is formed on the surface of the electrodes, which affects the calibration of the device.
Man verfügt demnach zur Zeit über keine Einrichtung, um eine kontinuierliche, genaue und zuverlässige Analyse durch Strommessung durchzuführen, um den Gehalt an freiem Chlor in einem Wasser zu bestimmen, das Chloramine enthält, insbesondere, wenn der Gehalt an Chloraminen sehr hoch ist.Accordingly, there is currently no facility for continuous, accurate and reliable analysis by current measurement to determine the level of free chlorine in a water that contains chloramines, in particular, when the content of chloramines is very high.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen, die eine derartige Analyse ermöglichen. The invention is based on the object of creating a method and a device which enable such an analysis.
Die Erfindung löst die gestellte Aufgabe ausgehend von dem eingangs beschriebenen Verfahren dadurch, daß eine zusätzliche Analyse durch Strommessung an einer Lösung vorgenommen wird, die vorher mittels einer chemischen Verbindung behandelt worden ist, die selektiv auf das freie Chlor reagiert, um es in Chlorid umzuwandeln, und daß die Differenz zwischen den Ergebnissen der Analyse durch Strommessung des Gesamtchlors und der zusätzlichen Analyse durch Strommessung bestimmt wird. Die Vorrichtung zum Durchführen dieses Verfahrens zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß Einrichtungen vorgesehen sind zumThe invention solves the problem based on the method described at the outset in that an additional Analysis is carried out by measuring the current on a solution that has previously been treated by means of a chemical compound that reacts selectively to the free chlorine to convert it to chloride and that is the difference between the results the analysis is determined by current measurement of the total chlorine and the additional analysis is determined by current measurement. The device for performing this method is characterized in that devices are provided for
809825/0665809825/0665
gleichzeitigen Durchführen der beiden Analysen sowie Einrichtungen
zum Berechnen des Unterschieds ihrer Ergebnisse mit dem Ziel, eine genaue Angabe über den Gehalt an freiem Chlor zu
erhalten. Ferner sind Einrichtungen vorgesehen zum periodischen Unterbrechen der Ankunft der Lösung an der Vorrichtung sowie
Einrichtungen, die bei jeder Unterbrechungsperiode die Meßergebnisse anzeigen, die am Ende der vorhergehenden Meßperiode
erzielt worden sind.simultaneous execution of the two analyzes and means for calculating the difference between their results with the aim of obtaining an accurate indication of the free chlorine content
obtain. Means are also provided for periodically interrupting the arrival of the solution at the device, as well as means which, at each interruption period, display the measurement results which have been obtained at the end of the previous measurement period.
Die Erfindung ist nachstehend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiel an einer Zeichnung näher beschrieben.The invention is described in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment in a drawing.
Die einzige Figur zeigt den Schaltplan der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung.The single figure shows the circuit diagram of the device according to the invention.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung umfaßt ein Elektroventil 1, welches die Ankunft des zu analysierenden Wassers in die Leitungen 2 und 3 regelt.The device according to the invention comprises an electric valve 1, which regulates the arrival of the water to be analyzed in lines 2 and 3.
In der Leitung 2 wird dem Wasser zunächst über ein Elektroregelventil 4 ein in einem Behälter 5 enthaltenes Nitrit zugesetzt. In line 2, the water is initially fed via an electric control valve 4 a nitrite contained in a container 5 is added.
Das Nitrit wandelt das freie Chlor in Chlorid um, und zwar
nach der folgenden Gleichung: 2NOT + Cl- = 2C1~ + 2C1NO-.The nitrite converts the free chlorine into chloride, namely
according to the following equation: 2NOT + Cl- = 2C1 ~ + 2C1NO-.
Es reagiert hingegen nicht wesentlich auf die Chloramine. Es wird sodann die Messung des Gehalts an Chlor der Chloramine
vorgenommen. Hierzu wird beispielsweise die Lösung auf einen pH-Wert von 4,0 gepuffert durch Zugabe einer Essigsäure-
und Azetatlösung, die in einem Behälter 6 enthalten ist,
wobei die Regelung mittels eines Elektroventils 7 geschieht. Sodann wird Kaliumjodid hinzugefügt, das in einem Behälter 8
vorhanden ist, mittels eines Elektroregelventils 9.However, it does not react significantly to the chloramines. It is then the measurement of the chlorine content of the chloramines
performed. For this purpose, for example, the solution is buffered to a pH value of 4.0 by adding an acetic acid
and acetate solution contained in a container 6,
the regulation taking place by means of a solenoid valve 7. Potassium iodide, which is present in a container 8, is then added by means of an electric regulating valve 9.
809825/0665809825/0665
„.".
Die Messung geschieht mithilfe einer herkönunlichen Strommeßzelle 10, die einen Strom I.. an eine elektronische Rechenschaltung 11 liefert.The measurement takes place with the help of a conventional current measuring cell 10 that send a current I .. to an electronic computing circuit 11 supplies.
In der Leitung 3 wird der Gehalt an Gesamtchlor im Wasser durch die herkömmliche Methode direkt analysiert.In line 3, the content of total chlorine in the water is analyzed directly by the conventional method.
Der Puffer wird durch ein Elektroventil 12 eingeführt, das Kaliumjodid durch ein Elektroventil 13, und die Messung geschieht mittels einer Strommeßzelle 14, die der Rechenschaltung 11 einen Strom I» liefert. Die Rechenschaltung 11 errechnet aus den Werten I1 und I~ den Unterschied (proportional I- - I1) zwischen dem Gehalt an Gesamtchlor und kombiniertem Chlor, d.h. den Gehalt an freiem Chlor. Die numerische oder analoge Anzeige oder Registrierung des Ergebnisses geschieht an der Stelle 15.The buffer is introduced through an electrovalve 12, the potassium iodide through an electrovalve 13, and the measurement is carried out by means of a current measuring cell 14 which supplies the computing circuit 11 with a current I ». The computing circuit 11 calculates from the values I 1 and I ~ the difference (proportional I- - I 1 ) between the content of total chlorine and combined chlorine, ie the content of free chlorine. The numerical or analog display or registration of the result takes place at position 15.
Beide Leitungen münden über ein Elektroventil 16 in den AblaufBoth lines open into the drain via an electric valve 16
In manchen Fällen, etwa bei der Wasseranalyse eines Schwimmbades, entwickeln sich die Konzentrationen langsam, und zur Verringerung des Verbrauchs an Reagensmitteln ist es wichtig, den Apparat nur mit Unterbrechung arbeiten zu lassen. Hierzu weist die Vorrichtung ein Zeitschaltwerk 17 auf, welches die Öffnung der Elektroventils für etwa eine Minute alle zwei bis fünf Minuten steuert.In some cases, such as when analyzing the water in a swimming pool, the concentrations develop slowly, and towards the To reduce the consumption of reagents, it is important to let the apparatus work only intermittently. For this the device has a timer 17, which the opening of the solenoid valve for about one minute every two controls up to five minutes.
Der direkt vor einer Öffnungsperiode der Elektroventile gemessene Gehalt wird noch während der folgenden Schließungsperiode angezeigt. Bei der dann folgenden Öffnungsperiode wird eine neue Messung durchgeführt. Zur Stabilisierung der Anlage sind jeweils zehn bis dreizig Sekunden bei jeder Öffnung erforderlich. Während dieser Zeitdauer werden keine Messungen abgenommen, da der genau vor der vorhergehenden Schließung gemessene Wert noch angezeigt oder registriert wird.The one measured just before an opening period of the solenoid valves Salary will still be displayed during the following closing period. During the opening period that follows a new measurement is carried out. There are ten to thirty seconds for each opening to stabilize the system necessary. No measurements are taken during this period because the one just before the previous one Closing measured value is still displayed or registered.
809825/0665809825/0665
■k -■ k -
Es können auch andere selektiv auf Chlor wirkende chemische Verbindungen verwendet werden, insbesondere Zyanate oder Phenole, und zwar in einer Menge von 5 bis 2000 mg pro Liter zu untersuchenden Wassers und vorzugsweise in einer Menge von 50 mg/1.Other chemical compounds that act selectively on chlorine can also be used, in particular cyanates or phenols, in an amount of 5 to 2000 mg per liter of water to be examined and preferably in an amount of 50 mg / 1.
Die nachfolgende Tabelle ermöglicht einen Vergleich der Analysenergebnisse, die einmal mit Diethyl-p-Phenylendiamin (DPD), einmal mit einer herkömmlichen Analyse und einmal mit der erfindungsgemäßen Analyse erzielt worden sind. Der Chlorgehalt ist in mg/1 angegeben. Die Messung mit DPD dient als Bezugsgröße. Man stellt fest, daß bei den Versuchen 1 und in Anwesenheit von Chloraminmengen, die 7 bis 15 mal größer als die Mengen an freiem Chlor sind, die herkömmliche Analysevorrichtung im wesentlichen auf kombiniertes Chlor anspricht, während die erfindungsgemäße Analysevorrichtung mit großer Genauigkeit den Gehalt an freiem Chlor angibt.The following table enables a comparison of the analysis results, once with diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD), once with a conventional analysis and once with the analysis according to the invention have been achieved. The chlorine content is given in mg / 1. The measurement with DPD serves as Reference value. It is found that in experiments 1 and in the presence of chloramine amounts, they are 7 to 15 times greater than the amounts of free chlorine that conventional analyzers are essentially responsive to combined chlorine, while the analysis device according to the invention with large Accuracy indicates the content of free chlorine.
frei C1 2
free
Analyseconventional
analysis
GesamtCi 2
total
Analyseaccording to the invention
analysis
GesamtCi 2
total
GesamtCL 2
total
freiCi 2
free
freiCi 2
free
809825/0665809825/0665
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7639204A FR2374641A1 (en) | 1976-12-17 | 1976-12-17 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR AMPEROMETRIC MEASUREMENT OF THE FREE CHLORINE CONTENT OF A SOLUTION |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2752450A1 true DE2752450A1 (en) | 1978-06-22 |
Family
ID=9181580
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19772752450 Ceased DE2752450A1 (en) | 1976-12-17 | 1977-11-24 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE CONTENT OF FREE CHLORINE IN A SOLUTION |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5383791A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE861675A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1105084A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2752450A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2374641A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1569026A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1192214B (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2469708A1 (en) * | 1979-11-13 | 1981-05-22 | Saunier Bernard | Amperometric determn. of free bromine in soln. - contg. free and combined bromine, using difference in readings obtd. before and after adding agent to convert free bromine to bromide |
| FR2472751A1 (en) * | 1979-11-13 | 1981-07-03 | Saunier Bernard | Analysing separately for oxidants in soln. - comprising running analysis in parallel on untreated and treated samples |
| JPS62165009A (en) * | 1986-01-16 | 1987-07-21 | 豊田合成株式会社 | Tubular body holder |
| JPH0520952Y2 (en) * | 1987-07-17 | 1993-05-28 | ||
| FR2778463A1 (en) * | 1998-05-06 | 1999-11-12 | Sagem | Automatic system for controlling the chlorine content of water e.g. in swimming pools |
| GB2368838A (en) * | 2000-11-13 | 2002-05-15 | Wellby Water Systems Ltd | Maintaining the water in a swimming pool in a safe state |
| US7087150B2 (en) * | 2002-05-03 | 2006-08-08 | Rosemount Analytical Inc. | Chloramine amperometric sensor |
| US7790006B2 (en) | 2002-05-03 | 2010-09-07 | Rosemount Analytical Inc. | Free chlorine sensor |
-
1976
- 1976-12-17 FR FR7639204A patent/FR2374641A1/en active Granted
-
1977
- 1977-11-24 DE DE19772752450 patent/DE2752450A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1977-12-09 BE BE183305A patent/BE861675A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-12-14 IT IT3067777A patent/IT1192214B/en active
- 1977-12-15 GB GB5221377A patent/GB1569026A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-16 CA CA293,256A patent/CA1105084A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-17 JP JP15229277A patent/JPS5383791A/en active Granted
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| Ebel/Parzefall Experimentelle Einführung in die Potentiometrie Verlag Chemie, 1975, 39-47 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1569026A (en) | 1980-06-11 |
| IT1192214B (en) | 1988-03-31 |
| JPS61579B2 (en) | 1986-01-09 |
| FR2374641B1 (en) | 1980-04-04 |
| JPS5383791A (en) | 1978-07-24 |
| FR2374641A1 (en) | 1978-07-13 |
| CA1105084A (en) | 1981-07-14 |
| BE861675A (en) | 1978-03-31 |
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