CA1105084A - Method and apparatus for amperemetric measurement of free chlorine in a solution - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for amperemetric measurement of free chlorine in a solutionInfo
- Publication number
- CA1105084A CA1105084A CA293,256A CA293256A CA1105084A CA 1105084 A CA1105084 A CA 1105084A CA 293256 A CA293256 A CA 293256A CA 1105084 A CA1105084 A CA 1105084A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- chlorine
- solution
- compound
- amperometric
- analysis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloramine Chemical class ClN QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003340 mental effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 chlorine ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108700024827 HOC1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100178273 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) HOC1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- SWJBITNFDYHWBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [I].[I] Chemical compound [I].[I] SWJBITNFDYHWBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001913 cyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/404—Cells with anode, cathode and cell electrolyte on the same side of a permeable membrane which separates them from the sample fluid, e.g. Clark-type oxygen sensors
- G01N27/4045—Cells with anode, cathode and cell electrolyte on the same side of a permeable membrane which separates them from the sample fluid, e.g. Clark-type oxygen sensors for gases other than oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/18—Water
- G01N33/182—Specific anions in water
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
Abstract
BREVET d'INVENTION PROCEDE ET APPAREIL DE MESURE AMPEROMETRIQUE DE LA TENEUR EN CHLORE LIBRE D'UNE SOLUTION Invention : Bernard SAUNIER et Antoine DERREUMAUX Appareil de mesure de la teneur en chlore libre d'une solution. Dans une première voie d'analyse ampérométrique, on y ajoute un composé chimique (nitrite par exemple) qui transforme sélectivement le chlore libre en chlorure, puis un iodure et, éventuellement, un tampon à pH 4.0. L'iode de l'iodure est libérée par le chlore et les chloramines. La cellule ampérométrique de cette première voie mesure alors la teneur en chlore combine. Dans une deuxième voie d'analyse ampérométrique qui ne comporte pas l'addition de composé, la cellule ampérométrique mesure la teneur en chlore total. On calcule la différence entre les résultats de ces deux mesures.PATENT OF INVENTION METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR AMPEROMETRIC MEASUREMENT OF THE FREE CHLORINE CONTENT OF A SOLUTION Invention: Bernard SAUNIER and Antoine DERREUMAUX Device for measuring the free chlorine content of a solution. In a first route of amperometric analysis, a chemical compound (nitrite for example) is added thereto which selectively transforms free chlorine into chloride, then an iodide and, optionally, a buffer at pH 4.0. The iodine iodide is released by chlorine and chloramines. The amperometric cell of this first channel then measures the combined chlorine content. In a second amperometric analysis channel which does not include the addition of compound, the amperometric cell measures the total chlorine content. The difference between the results of these two measurements is calculated.
Description
L'invention se rapporte à l'analyse chimique d'une solu-tion contenant du chlore sous la forme de "chlore libre" (HOCl et OCl ) et sous la forme combinée, en particulier des chlo-ramines.
Une telle anal~se s'effectue en particulier sur les eaux traitées au chlore pour leur désinfection et stérilisa-tion. En présence d'ammoniaque et de matières org~niques, il y a formation de chloramines en proportions parfois importan-tes et il importe de connaltre avec précision la teneur rési-duelle en chlore libre, beaucoup plus actif que les chloramines.
Un procédé cour~mment utilisé est l'analyse ampéromé-trique, effectuée directement sur l'eau, au moyen d'électrodes dont l'une est par exemple en cuivre, l'autre en platine t ar-gent, or ou carbone ; les électrodes sont soumises à une di~-~érence de potentiel déterminé et plongées dans la solution ;
il se produit un courant d'intensité proportionnelle à la concentration de chlore.
Ce procédé est appliqué à la détermination de la con-centration en chlore total~ L'addition d'un iodure et d'un tampon à p~ 4.0 avant le passage entre les deux électrodes libère l'iode avec transformation des diverses formes de chlore en chlorure. Le courant de diffusion observé a l'électrode indicatrice est une mesure directe e~ précise de la concentra .
tlon en iode, dloù l'on déduit la teneur en chlore.
L'appareil fonctionne en conservant sa calibration pendant plusieurs semaines ou mêmes plusieurs mois, aucun film de polarisation ne se formant sur les électrodes.
Si l'on veut determiner la teneur en chlore libre, il faut procéder à une analyse ampérométrique directe, sans uti-ser un iodure comme réactif et sans tamponner, de façon ~ue seul le chlore libre intervienne dans la formation du courant de diffusion.
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Malheureusement, on constate que la présence de chlora-mines, même à ~aibles doses, donne des résultats dlanalyse er-ronés par excès, ce qui s'explique par le fait qu'une certaine décharge des ions chlores des chloramines se produit~ En outre, il se forme à la surface des électrodes un film de polarisa-tion qui détériore la calibration de l'appareil.
On ne dispose donc pas de moyen d'effectuer actuelle-ment une anal~se ampérométrique en continu, précise et fiable de la teneur en chlore libre d'une eau contenant des chlorami-nes, surtout lorsque la teneur de celles-ci est élevée.
L'invention a pour objet un procédé simple permettant d 7 effectuer une telle analyse.
Le procédé suivant l'invention comporte l'analyse am~
pérométrique du chlore total en utilisant un iodure et éven-tuelle;nent un tampon à pH 4.0 comme réactifs et est caractéri-sé pa~ne anal~se ampérométrique supplémentaire, effectuée en utilisant un iodure et éventuellement un tampon à pH 4.0 ~-- . , .
comrne réactifs~ sur une solution préalablement traitée au moyen d'un composé chimique réagissant sélecti~ement sur le chlore libre.
L'analyse supplémentaire mesure la concentration en chlore combiné en particulier à l'état de chloramines et la :.
teneur en chlore libre est calculée par différence entre les :
teneurs en chlore total et en chlore combiné~
L'invention a encore pour objet un appareil de mesure ampérométrique qui fait application du procédé susvisé, et comprend des moyens d'effectuer les deux analyses en parallèle e~des moyens de calculer la d~ifférence de leurs résultats, pour obtenir une indication directe de la teneur en chlore libre.
D'autres particularités~ ainsi que les avantages de . . .
l'invention, apparaltront clairement à lraide de la descrip-. - . . , . , .................................. .... :.
, .. . - . . . . . . ...
s~a tion ci-après d'un exemple de mise en oeuvre du procede.
Cet exemple est decrit en se re~érant à la figure unique du dessin annexe, qui est le schema de principe d'un appareil conforme à l'invention.
L'appareil comprend une electrovanne 1 qui contrôle l'arri-vee de l'eau à analyser vers deux canalisations 2 et 3.
Dans la canalisation 2, l'eau reçoit d'abord, par l'inter-mediaire d'une electrovanne de reglage 4, un nitrite contenu dans un recipient 5.
Le nitrite transforme le chlore libre en chlorure suivant la reaction : C12 + H20 -~ HOCl + HC1 NO2 + HOC1 ~ NO3 + HC1 Par contre, il ne reagit sensiblement pas avec les chlorami-nes. On effectue alors la mesure de la teneur en chlore des chloramines. A cet effet, on tamponne eventuellement la solution à un pH de 4.0 par addition d'une solution d'acide acetique et d'acetate contenue dans un recipient 6, le reglage s'effectuant -au moyen d'une electrovanne 7. On introduit ensuite de l'iodure ; de potassium contenu dans un recipient 8i au moyen d'une electro-vanne de reglage 9. La mesure est faite au moyen d'une cellule amperometrique classique 10 qui:fournit un courant I1 à un dis-positi~ electronique de calcul 11.
Dans la canalisation 3, la teneur ~e l'eau en chlore total est directement analysee par la metho~e classique.
Le tampon éventuel est iniecte à travers une electrovanne 12, l'iodure de potassium à travers une electrovanne 13 et la mesure est effectuee à l'aide d'une cellule amperometrique 14, qui fournit un courant I2 au dispositif 11. Ce dernier calcule, à
partir des valeurs de I1 et I2, la difference ( proportionnelle à~I2 ~ I1 ) entre les teneurs en chlore total, en chlore combine, ` c'est-à dire la teneur en chlore libre. L'affichage numerique ou analogique où l'enregistrement du resultat s'effectue en 15.
r~ ~ 3 ..~ .
, .
- .
Les deu~ canalisations aboutissent à l'égoût, à tra-vers une électrovanne 16.
Dans certaines applications, par exemple pour l'analyse de l'eau d'une piscine, les concentrations étant lentement évo-lutives, il est intéressant, pour diminuer la consommation en réactifs, de faire fonctionner l'appareil seulement par inter-mittence. L'appareil comporte, à cet effet, une minuterie 17, qui commande l'ouverture des électrovannes pendant par exemple une minute toutes les deux à cinq minutes.
La teneur mesurée juste avant une période d'ouverture des électrovannes continue d'être a-ffichée pendant la période delkermeture qui suit. Lors de la période d'ouverture suivante, une nouvelle mesure est effectuée. Dix à trente secondes sont nécessaires, à chaque ouverture, pour stabiliser le système.
Pendant ce laps de temps~ les mesures ne sont pas prises en compte, la teneur mesurée juste avant la fermeture qui précede continuant à être affichée ou enregistrée.
D'autres composés chimiques réagissant sélectivement sur le chlore libre peuvent être utilisés et, en particulier, des cyanates ou des phénols, à raison de 5 à 2000 mg par litre d'eau à analyser et, de préférence, cle l'ordre de S~mg/l.
Le tableau ci-après permet une comparaison de résultats d'analyses effectuées respectivement au diéthyl-p-phénylène di-amine (DPD)~ à l'aide d'un analyseur classique, èt à l'aide de l'analyseur décrit ci-dessus. Les teneurs en chlore sont -indiquées en mg/l. La mesure au DPD sert de référence. On cons-tate que, dans les expériences 1 et 2, en présence de doses de chloramines 7 à 15 fois supérieures à celles du chlore libre, l'analyseur de type classique répond principalement au chlore combine, alors que l'analyseur décrit indique la teneur en chlore libre avec une précision tout-à-fait acceptable.
TABLEAU
. . . . _ DPD Analyseur Analyseur classique décrit _ ___ _ _ _ libre total libre total libre total Expérience 10.5 4 2.0 3.6 o.3 3-6 Expérience 20.2 3.2 1.5 3-3 0.3 3.3 Expérionce 31.0 2.5 1.4 2.4 1.1 2.4 .
Exp~rlence ~ L. . _ ~ 5 2.8 2. 4 2.A ~ -, .
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- . . ..... ~. . . . .. : .. . .. .. ... . . The invention relates to the chemical analysis of a solution tion containing chlorine in the form of "free chlorine" (HOCl and OCl) and in the combined form, in particular chlo-ramines.
Such an anal ~ takes place in particular on water treated with chlorine for disinfection and sterilization tion. In the presence of ammonia and organic materials, it chloramines are formed in sometimes large proportions and it is important to know precisely the content dual in free chlorine, much more active than chloramines.
A commonly used method is the amperometric analysis.
stick, made directly on water, by means of electrodes one of which is for example of copper, the other of platinum t ar-gent, gold or carbon; the electrodes are subjected to a di ~ -~ erence of determined potential and immersed in the solution;
there is a current of intensity proportional to the chlorine concentration.
This process is applied to the determination of the con-total chlorine concentration ~ The addition of an iodide and a buffer at p ~ 4.0 before passing between the two electrodes releases iodine with transformation of various forms of chlorine in chloride. The diffusion current observed at the electrode indicator is a direct and precise measure of the concentra .
iodine iodine, from which the chlorine content is deducted.
The device works while keeping its calibration for several weeks or even several months, none polarization film not forming on the electrodes.
If you want to determine the free chlorine content, it a direct amperometric analysis must be carried out, without using iodine as reagent and without buffering, so ~ ue only free chlorine is involved in the formation of the current broadcast.
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5 ~ 9 ~
Unfortunately, we find that the presence of chlora-mines, even at low doses, gives er analysis results overdriven, which is explained by the fact that a certain discharge of chlorine ions from chloramines occurs ~ In addition, a polarizing film is formed on the surface of the electrodes.
tion which deteriorates the calibration of the device.
So there is no way to perform current-ment an anal ~ is amperometric continuously, precise and reliable the free chlorine content of water containing chlorami-nes, especially when the content of these is high.
The subject of the invention is a simple method allowing d 7 perform such an analysis.
The method according to the invention comprises the analysis am ~
perometric of total chlorine using iodide and even a buffer at pH 4.0 as reagents and is characteristic sé pa ~ ne anal ~ se additional amperometric, performed using iodide and optionally a pH 4.0 buffer ~ -. ,.
as reagents ~ on a solution previously treated with by means of a chemical compound which reacts selectively on the free chlorine.
The additional analysis measures the concentration of chlorine combined in particular as chloramines and the:.
free chlorine content is calculated by difference between:
total chlorine and combined chlorine contents ~
The invention also relates to a measuring device amperometric which applies the above process, and includes means for performing both analyzes in parallel e ~ means of calculating the difference of their results, to get a direct indication of the chlorine content free.
Other special features ~ as well as the advantages of. . .
the invention will become apparent with the aid of the description . -. . ,. , .................................. ....:.
, ... -. . . . . . ...
s ~ a tion below of an example of implementation of the method.
This example is described with reference to the single figure of the attached drawing, which is the block diagram of an apparatus according to the invention.
The device includes a solenoid valve 1 which controls the vee water to be analyzed towards two pipes 2 and 3.
In line 2, the water first receives, via medial of a control solenoid valve 4, a contained nitrite in a container 5.
Nitrite transforms free chlorine into the following chloride the reaction: C12 + H20 - ~ HOCl + HC1 NO2 + HOC1 ~ NO3 + HC1 On the other hand, it does not react appreciably with chlorami-nes. The chlorine content of the chloramines. To this end, the solution is optionally buffered at a pH of 4.0 by adding a solution of acetic acid and acetate contained in a container 6, the adjustment being carried out -by means of a solenoid valve 7. Next, iodide is introduced.
; of potassium contained in a container 8i by means of an electro-regulating valve 9. The measurement is made by means of a cell classic amperometric 10 which: provides a current I1 to a device positi ~ electronic calculation 11.
In line 3, the total chlorine content of the water is directly analyzed by the classical method.
The possible buffer is injected through a solenoid valve 12, potassium iodide through a solenoid valve 13 and measuring is carried out using an amperometric cell 14, which supplies a current I2 to the device 11. The latter calculates, at from the values of I1 and I2, the difference (proportional at ~ I2 ~ I1) between the total chlorine and combined chlorine contents, `i.e. the free chlorine content. Digital display or analog where the recording of the result is done in 15.
r ~ ~ 3 .. ~.
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-.
The two pipelines lead to the sewer, through to a solenoid valve 16.
In some applications, for example for analysis swimming pool water, concentrations being slowly evolved lutives, it is interesting, to decrease the consumption in reagents, to operate the device only by mittence. The apparatus includes, for this purpose, a timer 17, which controls the opening of the solenoid valves for example one minute every two to five minutes.
The content measured just before an opening period solenoid valves continue to be displayed during the period delkermeture which follows. During the next opening period, a new measurement is performed. Ten to thirty seconds are necessary, at each opening, to stabilize the system.
During this time ~ the measurements are not taken in account, the content measured just before the preceding closure continuing to be displayed or recorded.
Other selectively reacting chemical compounds on free chlorine can be used and, in particular, cyanates or phenols, at a rate of 5 to 2000 mg per liter of water to be analyzed and, preferably, the order of S ~ mg / l.
The table below allows a comparison of results of analyzes carried out respectively with diethyl-p-phenylene di-amine (DPD) ~ using a conventional analyzer, and using of the analyzer described above. The chlorine contents are -indicated in mg / l. The DPD measurement serves as a reference. We cons-tate that, in experiments 1 and 2, in the presence of doses chloramines 7 to 15 times higher than those of free chlorine, the classic type analyzer mainly responds to chlorine combines, while the analyzer described indicates the content of free chlorine with perfectly acceptable precision.
BOARD
. . . . _ DPD Analyzer Analyzer classic described _ ___ _ _ _ free total free total free total Experience 10.5 4 2.0 3.6 o.3 3-6 Experience 20.2 3.2 1.5 3-3 0.3 3.3 Experiment 31.0 2.5 1.4 2.4 1.1 2.4.
Exp ~ rlence ~ L.. _ ~ 5 2.8 2. 4 2.A ~ -, .
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Claims (8)
de chlore total dans l'échantillon, caractérisé par une analyse ampérométrique supplémentaire effectuée, sur un autre échantil-lon de la solution préalablement traité au moyen d'un composé
chimique qui réagit sélectivement sur le chlore libre pour le transformer en chlorure, en ajoutant audit autre échantillon ainsi traité un iodure soluble pour y établir une concentration en iode stoéchiométriquement équivalente à la quantité de chlore combiné dans ledit autre échantillon, et par la détermination de la différence entre les résultats de l'analyse ampéromé-trique du chlore total et de l'analyse ampérométrique supplé-mentaire. 1. Method for measuring the free chlorine content of a solution containing chlorine in free and combined forms, in particular chloramines, comprising ampero-analysis metric of total chlorine on a sample of the solution to which a soluble iodide was added to establish a concentration tration in iodine stoichiometrically equivalent to the quantity total chlorine in the sample, characterized by analysis additional amperometric performed on another sample lon of the solution previously treated with a compound chemical which reacts selectively on free chlorine for the transform into chloride, adding to said other sample thus treated soluble iodide to establish a concentration in stoichiometric iodine equivalent to the amount of chlorine combined in said other sample, and by determining of the difference between the results of the amperometric analysis total chlorine measurement and additional amperometric analysis mental.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR7639204 | 1976-12-17 | ||
FR7639204A FR2374641A1 (en) | 1976-12-17 | 1976-12-17 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR AMPEROMETRIC MEASUREMENT OF THE FREE CHLORINE CONTENT OF A SOLUTION |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CA1105084A true CA1105084A (en) | 1981-07-14 |
Family
ID=9181580
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA293,256A Expired CA1105084A (en) | 1976-12-17 | 1977-12-16 | Method and apparatus for amperemetric measurement of free chlorine in a solution |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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JP (1) | JPS5383791A (en) |
BE (1) | BE861675A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1105084A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2752450A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2374641A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1569026A (en) |
IT (1) | IT1192214B (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2472751A1 (en) * | 1979-11-13 | 1981-07-03 | Saunier Bernard | Analysing separately for oxidants in soln. - comprising running analysis in parallel on untreated and treated samples |
FR2469708A1 (en) * | 1979-11-13 | 1981-05-22 | Saunier Bernard | Amperometric determn. of free bromine in soln. - contg. free and combined bromine, using difference in readings obtd. before and after adding agent to convert free bromine to bromide |
JPS62165009A (en) * | 1986-01-16 | 1987-07-21 | 豊田合成株式会社 | Tubular body holder |
JPH0520952Y2 (en) * | 1987-07-17 | 1993-05-28 | ||
FR2778463A1 (en) * | 1998-05-06 | 1999-11-12 | Sagem | Automatic system for controlling the chlorine content of water e.g. in swimming pools |
GB2368838A (en) * | 2000-11-13 | 2002-05-15 | Wellby Water Systems Ltd | Maintaining the water in a swimming pool in a safe state |
US7087150B2 (en) | 2002-05-03 | 2006-08-08 | Rosemount Analytical Inc. | Chloramine amperometric sensor |
US7790006B2 (en) | 2002-05-03 | 2010-09-07 | Rosemount Analytical Inc. | Free chlorine sensor |
-
1976
- 1976-12-17 FR FR7639204A patent/FR2374641A1/en active Granted
-
1977
- 1977-11-24 DE DE19772752450 patent/DE2752450A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1977-12-09 BE BE183305A patent/BE861675A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-12-14 IT IT3067777A patent/IT1192214B/en active
- 1977-12-15 GB GB5221377A patent/GB1569026A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-16 CA CA293,256A patent/CA1105084A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-17 JP JP15229277A patent/JPS5383791A/en active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE861675A (en) | 1978-03-31 |
JPS5383791A (en) | 1978-07-24 |
GB1569026A (en) | 1980-06-11 |
JPS61579B2 (en) | 1986-01-09 |
FR2374641A1 (en) | 1978-07-13 |
IT1192214B (en) | 1988-03-31 |
DE2752450A1 (en) | 1978-06-22 |
FR2374641B1 (en) | 1980-04-04 |
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