CN211276517U - Blue-green laser micro-melting forming device for high-reflection material - Google Patents
Blue-green laser micro-melting forming device for high-reflection material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a blue-green laser micro-melting forming device for high-reflection materials; the device comprises a blue-green light solid laser, a laser beam expanding collimator, a scanning galvanometer, an f-theta focusing lens and the like. Optimizing the performance of processing laser wavelength, beam quality, divergence angle and the like by designing an optical path, and finally obtaining a 10-15 mu m focusing light spot; the scanning galvanometer, the forming cylinder signal interpolation control and the ultrasonic vibration powder spreading device are assisted to realize the powder spreading layer thickness of 5-15 mu m of the fine powder with the particle size range of 5-10 mu m, and finally the micro melting of the blue/green laser selective area with the size precision of 5 mu m, the characteristic size of less than 10 mu m, the surface roughness Ra of less than 2 mu m and the density of more than 99 percent is realized; in addition, the application of the 450-560nm wavelength laser improves the absorption rate of high-reflection metal powder such as magnesium/aluminum/copper alloy in the selective laser melting technology, and improves the processing quality and the processing efficiency of the high-reflection metal material.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a microstructure metal vibration material disk equipment and forming process especially relate to a high-reflection material blue-green laser micro-melting becomes molding device.
Background
The Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology is a metal additive manufacturing technology which can directly form metal parts with compact structures and good mechanical properties, and can directly form high-precision metal parts with complex shapes and metallurgical bonding. The processing precision which can be achieved by most of the existing metal laser selective melting additive manufacturing methods and equipment comprises that a focused light spot is 50-200 micrometers, the processing layer thickness is 20-100 micrometers, the powder particle size is 15-45 micrometers, and the forming precision comprises the minimum size precision of 50 micrometers, the surface roughness Ra15 micrometers and the minimum workpiece wall thickness of 150 micrometers. Aiming at the increasing requirements of industries such as industry, aerospace, medical treatment and the like on the aspects of the performance, the precision and the like of parts, the existing selective melting method and equipment of metal laser cannot meet the requirements.
The selective laser melting and forming process is essentially the continuous action of the laser welding process, and the size of a molten pool directly influences the forming dimensional accuracy of the laser processing process, so that the micro-focusing light spot is the basis for realizing selective melting and micro-forming of the metal laser.
The single-channel forming effect often cannot represent the integral performance of a formed part, and besides the improvement of the sizes of a focusing light spot and a molten pool, the negative influence of the defects of powder adhesion and the like on the forming precision also puts new requirements on selective laser melting equipment and a selective laser melting process.
However, as the forming precision is reduced from tens of millimeters to less than 15 micrometers, the powder spreading technology of the traditional powder spreading arm in a powder pushing mode cannot adapt to micro-forming structural members, and the forming fails due to excessive friction resistance and downward pressure.
The thickness of the processing layer, the forming resolution and the like put higher requirements on the motion control precision of the galvanometer and the motion cylinder. In addition, for metal materials with high long-wavelength reflectivity, such as magnesium/aluminum/copper alloy, most of the existing selective laser melting equipment has low processing efficiency and difficult control of processing quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a high-reflection material blue-green laser micro-melting forming device. The technical problems that the fineness is difficult to control and the processing efficiency is low in the processing of micro-forming structural parts by traditional equipment are solved.
The utility model discloses a following technical scheme realizes:
a blue-green laser micro-melting forming device for high-reflection materials comprises a forming chamber 3, a powder spreading arm arranged in the forming chamber 3, an optical system arranged above the forming chamber 3, a laser used for generating laser beams and a control system;
the powder paving arm is an ultrasonic vibration powder paving arm 13; the laser is a blue-green light solid laser 14 which comprises a total reflector 15, a Q-switch 16, a pumping module 17, an aperture diaphragm 18 and a semi-transparent reflector 19 which are connected in sequence through an optical path; the optical system comprises a laser beam expanding collimator 4, a scanning galvanometer 5 and an f-theta focusing lens 6 which are connected in sequence through a light path; the blue-green light laser beam 1 emitted by the semi-transparent reflector 19 sequentially enters the laser beam expanding collimator 4, the scanning galvanometer 5 and the f-theta focusing lens 6 through the optical fiber 2; the blue-green laser beam 1 transmitted through the f-theta focusing lens 6 is focused to a fine spot of 5-15 μm in diameter on the powder bed of the forming cylinder 11 in the forming chamber 3.
The pumping module 17 is a diode pumping module, the generated wavelength range is 450-560nm, and the fundamental mode TEM is00Mass M of the light beam2<1.2。
The laser beam expanding collimator 4 (the laser beam expanding collimator 4 adopts the Keplerian telescope principle to reduce the beam divergence angle, improve the beam quality and increase the spot diameter of the object space of the focusing lens) comprises a micro-focus focusing lens 20 and a long-focus focusing lens 21; the micro-focus focusing lens 20 is used for reducing the beam waist radius, the long-focus focusing lens 21 is used for increasing the focal length, the rear focal point of the micro-focus focusing lens 20 is superposed with the front focal point of the long-focus focusing lens 21, and the beam expanding multiplying power of the micro-focus focusing lens 20 and the long-focus focusing lens 21 is not less than 10 times.
The blue-green light solid laser 14 is in telecommunication connection with the PC 8; the scanning galvanometer 5, the ultrasonic vibration powder spreading device 13, the powder material cylinder 12 and the forming cylinder 11 are respectively in telecommunication connection with the driving controller 7; the drive controller 7 is in electrical communication with a PC 8.
The blue-green laser beam 1 is subjected to the action of a laser beam expanding collimator 4 to improve the beam quality and increase the diameter of an input light spot; then, according to the data information transmitted to the driving controller 7 by the PC 8, the scanning galvanometer 5 realizes the control of the reflection direction of the light beam under the control of the driving controller 7, and focuses the light beam to a micro light spot with the diameter of 5-15 μm on the powder bed of the forming cylinder 11 through the f-theta focusing lens 6 to selectively micro-melt the powder.
The blue-green laser micro-melting forming method of the high-reflection material comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the information of the miniature structural part model is imported into a PC (personal computer) 8, a forming chamber 3 is filled with shielding gas, a forming cylinder 11 is descended by a powder laying layer with the thickness of 5-15 microns under the control of the PC 8, and a powder laying arm 13 is ultrasonically vibrated to lay powder;
step two: the blue-green light solid laser 14 internal pumping module 17 is generated under the action of the Q-switch 16, the parallel plane resonant cavity and the small aperture diaphragm 18 (fundamental mode TEM)00High peak power, narrow pulse width nanosecond pulses) blue-green laser beam 1; or the pump light is frequency-doubled into the required blue-green light laser beam 1 in a frequency doubling mode;
step three: the blue-green laser beam 1 firstly passes through the laser beam expanding collimator 4, so that the laser beam is expanded and the quality is improved; then, a blue-green light laser beam 1 is input into a scanning galvanometer 5, and a PC (personal computer) 8 controls the X-axis galvanometer and the Y-axis galvanometer of the scanning galvanometer 5 to rotate according to the information of the micro structural part model; finally, the blue-green laser beam 1 is reflected by the scanning galvanometer 5 and enters the f-theta focusing lens 6, and the blue-green laser beam 1 is finally focused and acts on the powder bed of the forming cylinder 11; the PC 8 controls the scanning galvanometer 5 to realize the selective melting of the blue-green laser beam 1 on the powder layer according to the slice information of the current layer of the miniature structural part model until the slice shape scanning of the current layer of the miniature structural part model is finished;
step four: the PC machine 8 descends the forming cylinder, ascends the powder cylinder and ultrasonically vibrates the powder paving arm 13 to pave powder;
step five: and repeating the second step and the third step, and circulating until the whole miniature structural part model is formed.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model, following advantage and effect have:
based on the blue-green laser selective melting technology with the wavelength range of 450-560nm, the TEM is obtained under the action of a Q-switch, a parallel plane resonant cavity and a small-hole diaphragm00The nanosecond pulse laser beam has high peak power and narrow pulse width, and provides convenience for obtaining a fine focusing light spot.
The micro-focus focusing lens and the long-focus focusing lens form a beam expanding and collimating system, the beam waist radius is reduced, the focal length is increased, and the micro-talk of focusing light spots is realized; the 10 times or more of collimation beam expanders converge the divergence angle of the laser beam, and the quality of the beam is improved; the f-theta focusing lens with large visual angle and large focal length is convenient for aberration correction, and improves abnormal images or distortion on a two-dimensional scanning plane caused by off-axis deflection of laser beams.
The ultrasonic vibration powder spreading arm has good leveling and compacting effects aiming at different types of superfine metal powder, can effectively solve the powder agglomeration effect, and is favorable for realizing the accurate control of the powder spreading layer thickness of the forming cylinder.
The device can focus light spots to 10-15 microns, the powder spreading layer thickness is 5-15 microns through the ultrasonic vibration powder spreading arm, the characteristic size of a molded sample piece with the size precision of 5 microns is less than 10 microns, and the surface roughness Ra is less than 2 microns.
To sum up, the utility model discloses use not only its wavelength characteristic of short wavelength laser that uses blue and green laser as the representative has improved the fine degree of facula, improve the little melting equipment of laser election district simultaneously and provide the efficient solution to the metal additive manufacturing of the equal length wavelength high reflectivity of magnesium aluminium copper alloy, finally realize that blue and green laser micro-forming system focus facula diameter is less than 15 mu m, shop's powder thickness 5-15 mu m, the shaping ability reaches 5 mu m of size precision, the characteristic dimension is less than 10 mu m, surface roughness Ra is less than 2 mu m, the density is greater than 99%.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic structural view of the blue-green laser micro-melting forming device for high-reflection material of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the blue-green laser transmission process of the present invention.
In the upper diagram: the device comprises a blue-green light laser beam 1, an optical fiber 2, a molding cavity 3, a laser beam expanding collimator 4, a scanning galvanometer 5, an f-theta focusing lens 6, a driving controller 7, a PC (personal computer) 8, an air inlet and outlet 9, a powder recovery cavity 10, a molding cylinder 11, a powder cylinder 12 and an ultrasonic vibration powder laying arm 13; the device comprises a blue-green light solid laser 14, a total reflector 15, a Q-switch 16, a pumping module 17, an aperture diaphragm 18, a semi-transparent reflector 19, a micro-focus focusing lens 20, a long-focus focusing lens 21 and a formed cylinder powder layer 22.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1-2. The utility model discloses a blue-green laser micro-melting forming device of high-reflection material, which comprises a forming chamber 3, a powder spreading arm arranged in the forming chamber 3, an optical system arranged above the forming chamber 3, a laser used for generating laser beams, and a control system;
the powder paving arm is an ultrasonic vibration powder paving arm 13; the laser is a blue-green light solid laser 14 which comprises a total reflector 15, a Q-switch 16, a pumping module 17, an aperture diaphragm 18 and a semi-transparent reflector 19 which are connected in sequence through an optical path; the optical system comprises a laser beam expanding collimator 4, a scanning galvanometer 5 and an f-theta focusing lens 6 which are connected in sequence through a light path; the blue-green light laser beam 1 emitted by the semi-transparent reflector 19 sequentially enters the laser beam expanding collimator 4, the scanning galvanometer 5 and the f-theta focusing lens 6 through the optical fiber 2; the blue-green laser beam 1 transmitted through the f-theta focusing lens 6 is focused to a fine spot of 5-15 μm in diameter on the powder bed of the forming cylinder 11 in the forming chamber 3.
Optical devices such as the laser beam expanding collimator 4, the scanning galvanometer 5, the f-theta focusing lens 6 and the like and coating films thereof are reasonably selected according to parameters such as actual laser wavelength, peak intensity and the like in the actual use process, so that burning loss is avoided.
The motion precision of the scanning galvanometer 5, the powder cylinder 12, the forming cylinder 11 motor and the electric cylinder meets the requirement of using signal interpolation precision.
The pumping module 17 is a diode pumping module, and the generated wavelength range is 450-560nmModular TEM00Mass M of the light beam2<1.2。
The laser beam expanding collimator 4 (the laser beam expanding collimator 4 adopts the Keplerian telescope principle to reduce the beam divergence angle, improve the beam quality and increase the spot diameter of the object space of the focusing lens) comprises a micro-focus focusing lens 20 and a long-focus focusing lens 21; the micro-focus focusing lens 20 is used for reducing the beam waist radius, the long-focus focusing lens 21 is used for increasing the focal length, the rear focal point of the micro-focus focusing lens 20 is superposed with the front focal point of the long-focus focusing lens 21, and the beam expanding multiplying power of the micro-focus focusing lens 20 and the long-focus focusing lens 21 is not less than 10 times.
The blue-green light solid laser 14 is in telecommunication connection with the PC 8; the scanning galvanometer 5, the ultrasonic vibration powder spreading device 13, the powder material cylinder 12 and the forming cylinder 11 are respectively in telecommunication connection with the driving controller 7; the drive controller 7 is in electrical communication with a PC 8.
The blue-green laser beam 1 is subjected to the action of a laser beam expanding collimator 4 to improve the beam quality and increase the diameter of an input light spot; then, according to the data information transmitted to the driving controller 7 by the PC 8, the scanning galvanometer 5 realizes the control of the reflection direction of the light beam under the control of the driving controller 7, and focuses the light beam to a micro light spot with the diameter of 5-15 μm on the powder bed of the forming cylinder 11 through the f-theta focusing lens 6 to selectively micro-melt the powder.
In addition, other long wavelength lasers, such as Nd, YAG solid laser and other Q-switched nanosecond pulse lasers, the lasers with the wavelength range of 450-560nm obtained based on the frequency doubling technology are all suitable for the Q-switched blue-green light nanosecond pulse laser.
Based on the focusing characteristics of the Gaussian beam, a Gaussian beam focusing spot formula is provided:
wherein, omega'0The radius of the beam waist of the Gaussian beam passing through the focusing lens, l is the distance between the beam waist of the object space and the lens, and omega0Is the object beam waist radius, λ is the laser wavelength, and f is the focusing lens focal length. Actual common focal plane plate size belt tyre waist size for TEM00The gaussian mode laser beam has a simplified formula:
wherein M is2As a beam quality evaluation factor (related to beam divergence angle), ω00Is the focal objective square fundamental mode TEM00 beam waist radius.
Based on the formula (2), the laser performance, the beam expanding collimator and the f-theta focusing lens meet the following requirements:
the blue-green light solid laser with Q-switch is worked in the course of processing, its internal pump can obtain laser pulse with high peak power and narrow pulse width by Q-switch, and can obtain basic mode TEM under the action of parallel plane cavity and small hole diaphragm as resonant cavity00Directly or after frequency doubling, outputting laser beams with the wavelength range of 450-560 nm.
The aperture diaphragm 18 is used in the light beam mode selection process, and the aperture limits diffraction of a high-order mode and smoothly passes through a basic mode so as to ensure acquisition of a basic mode light beam.
The common design of the laser beam expanding collimator comprises a Keplerian telescope type consisting of two convex lenses, and the large-multiple beam expanding and divergence angle convergence are easy to realize; the Galilean telescope type combined by the divergence of the concave lens and the collimation of the convex lens is suitable for expanding high-power light beams, but has poor beam expansion multiple performance and poor divergence angle convergence performance. Because a larger beam expansion multiple is needed to correspond to a better divergence angle convergence effect, the laser beam expansion collimator needs to adopt a Kepler type, the beam expansion multiple is 10 times or more, and the beam quality reaches M2<1.2。
The utility model discloses an obtain less focus facula, at first use a short focus focusing mirror to reduce beam waist radius omega0And f is increased by using a long-focus focusing lens, and the back focus of the short-focus focusing lens is superposed with the front focus of the long-focus focusing lens, so that the divergence angle of the light beam is reduced, the quality of the light beam is improved, and the diameter of a light spot on the object space of the focusing lens is increased.
The scanning galvanometer 5 comprises x-axis and y-axis galvanometer and a galvanometer controller, and deflection angle precision of the scanning galvanometer directly influences micro-melting forming precision of a laser selected area. In order to meet the requirement of the laser selective micro-melting process on the forming precision, higher requirements are provided for the calibration of the galvanometer and the precision of control signals of the galvanometer.
The f-theta focusing lens focuses a beam of collimated laser beams incident at different angles onto a plane image field, and obtains focused light spots with consistent sizes on the whole flat-field image plane. The working wavelength of the f-theta lens is determined by the characteristics of the surface coating film, and the suitable coating film through the laser wavelength is selected to avoid burning loss. A large focal length f and a large field angle θ are required, and aberration correction is enabled, and an abnormal image or distortion on the two-dimensional scanning plane caused by off-axis deflection of the laser beam can be improved to some extent.
The ultrasonic vibration powder paving arm 13 is required to be suitable for powder paving processes of various materials in the actual production process. In the powder spreading process, the ultrasonic vibration from the powder spreading device can effectively relieve the agglomeration effect of the fine powder, so that the powder spreading process is stable, the formed powder layer is smooth and compacted, and the utilization rate of the powder is improved.
The motion precision of the powder cylinder in the powder cylinder and the forming cylinder is not high, but the powder utilization rate is required to be met; the forming cylinder generally adopts the steady screw rod jar of transmission, the utility model relates to a forming process requires less shop's powder bed thickly, and about 5 ~ 15 microns shop's powder bed thickly need carry out closed-loop control and sharp interpolation operation module to control signal at screw rod electric cylinder control process and realize the accurate motion of forming cylinder.
The powder material is required to be fine powder with the particle size range of 5-10 μm. The particle size range adopted by the existing selective laser melting technology is 30-50 mu m, and the application of the fine powder is beneficial to the realization of smooth molding of a high-precision fine structure.
The utility model discloses high reflecting material blue-green laser micro-melting forming method, the following step of accessible realizes:
the method comprises the following steps: the information of the miniature structural part model is imported into a PC (personal computer) 8, a forming chamber 3 is filled with shielding gas, a forming cylinder 11 is descended by a powder laying layer with the thickness of 5-15 microns under the control of the PC 8, and a powder laying arm 13 is ultrasonically vibrated to lay powder;
step two: the blue-green light solid laser 14 has its internal pumping module 17 as Q-switch 16, parallel plane resonant cavity and small aperture diaphragm 18Generation with the bottom (fundamental mode TEM)00High peak power, narrow pulse width nanosecond pulses) blue-green laser beam 1; or the pump light is frequency-doubled into the required blue-green light laser beam 1 in a frequency doubling mode;
step three: the blue-green laser beam 1 firstly passes through the laser beam expanding collimator 4, so that the laser beam is expanded and the quality is improved; then, a blue-green light laser beam 1 is input into a scanning galvanometer 5, and a PC (personal computer) 8 controls the X-axis galvanometer and the Y-axis galvanometer of the scanning galvanometer 5 to rotate according to the information of the micro structural part model; finally, the blue-green laser beam 1 is reflected by the scanning galvanometer 5 and enters the f-theta focusing lens 6, and the blue-green laser beam 1 is finally focused and acts on the powder bed of the forming cylinder 11; the PC 8 controls the scanning galvanometer 5 to realize the selective melting of the blue-green laser beam 1 on the powder layer according to the slice information of the current layer of the miniature structural part model until the slice shape scanning of the current layer of the miniature structural part model is finished;
step four: the PC machine 8 descends the forming cylinder, ascends the powder cylinder and ultrasonically vibrates the powder paving arm 13 to pave powder;
step five: and repeating the second step and the third step, and circulating until the whole miniature structural part model is formed.
As described above, the present invention can be preferably realized.
The embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be equivalent replacement modes, and all are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A blue-green laser micro-melting forming device for high-reflection materials comprises a forming chamber (3), a powder spreading arm arranged in the forming chamber (3), an optical system arranged above the forming chamber (3), a laser used for generating laser beams, and a control system; the method is characterized in that: the powder paving arm is an ultrasonic vibration powder paving arm (13); the laser is a blue-green light solid laser (14) which comprises a total reflector (15), a Q-switch (16), a pumping module (17), an aperture diaphragm (18) and a semi-transparent reflector (19) which are connected in sequence through an optical path; the optical system comprises a laser beam expanding collimator (4), a scanning galvanometer (5) and an f-theta focusing lens (6) which are connected in sequence through a light path; blue-green light laser beams (1) emitted by the semi-transparent reflector (19) sequentially enter the laser beam expanding collimator (4), the scanning galvanometer (5) and the f-theta focusing lens (6) through the optical fibers (2); the blue-green laser beam (1) passing through the f-theta focusing lens (6) is focused to a micro spot with the diameter of 5-15 mu m on a powder bed of a forming cylinder (11) in the forming chamber (3).
2. The blue-green laser micro-melting molding device for the high-reflection material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the pumping module (17) is a diode pumping module, the generated wavelength range is 450-560nm, and the fundamental mode TEM is00Mass M of the light beam2<1.2。
3. The blue-green laser micro-melting molding device for the high-reflection material as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the laser beam expanding collimator (4) comprises a micro-focus focusing lens (20) and a long-focus focusing lens (21); the micro-focus focusing lens (20) is used for reducing the beam waist radius, the long-focus focusing lens (21) is used for increasing the focal length, the rear focal point of the micro-focus focusing lens (20) is superposed with the front focal point of the long-focus focusing lens (21), and the beam expanding multiplying power of the micro-focus focusing lens and the long-focus focusing lens is not less than 10 times.
4. The blue-green laser micro-melting forming device of the high-reflection material as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the blue-green light solid laser (14) is in telecommunication connection with the PC (8); the scanning galvanometer (5), the ultrasonic vibration powder laying arm (13), the powder cylinder (12) and the molding cylinder (11) are respectively in telecommunication connection with the driving controller (7); the drive controller (7) is connected with the PC (8) in a telecommunication way.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110586939A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2019-12-20 | 华南理工大学 | Blue-green laser micro-melting forming method and device for high-reflection material |
| CN112829295A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-25 | 同济大学 | Laser optical path system for surface exposure type powder bed melting additive manufacturing |
| CN112846238A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-28 | 同济大学 | Metal surface exposure type powder bed melting additive manufacturing system |
| CN114226760A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-03-25 | 南京中科煜宸激光技术有限公司 | Adjusting device and adjusting method for input light path of vibrating mirror of powder paving equipment for selective laser melting |
| CN114888301A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-08-12 | 华南理工大学 | Spatial ultrasonic high-energy beam forming device and method |
| WO2024012610A1 (en) * | 2023-02-20 | 2024-01-18 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | System for laser additive manufacturing, and additive manufacturing method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110586939A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2019-12-20 | 华南理工大学 | Blue-green laser micro-melting forming method and device for high-reflection material |
| CN112829295A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-25 | 同济大学 | Laser optical path system for surface exposure type powder bed melting additive manufacturing |
| CN112846238A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-28 | 同济大学 | Metal surface exposure type powder bed melting additive manufacturing system |
| CN114226760A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-03-25 | 南京中科煜宸激光技术有限公司 | Adjusting device and adjusting method for input light path of vibrating mirror of powder paving equipment for selective laser melting |
| CN114888301A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-08-12 | 华南理工大学 | Spatial ultrasonic high-energy beam forming device and method |
| CN114888301B (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2023-06-16 | 华南理工大学 | Space ultrasonic high-energy beam forming device and method |
| WO2024012610A1 (en) * | 2023-02-20 | 2024-01-18 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | System for laser additive manufacturing, and additive manufacturing method |
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