CN109513927A - A kind of high-power part forming device of SLM and manufacturing process - Google Patents
A kind of high-power part forming device of SLM and manufacturing process Download PDFInfo
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- CN109513927A CN109513927A CN201811603970.5A CN201811603970A CN109513927A CN 109513927 A CN109513927 A CN 109513927A CN 201811603970 A CN201811603970 A CN 201811603970A CN 109513927 A CN109513927 A CN 109513927A
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- reflecting mirror
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
- B22F12/43—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam pulsed; frequency modulated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
- B22F12/45—Two or more
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/49—Scanners
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high-power part forming devices of SLM, including laser beam combination device, dynamic focus device and the scanning galvanometer set gradually；Laser beam combination device includes superpower laser, high power pulsed laser and laser conversion equipment, and laser conversion equipment is used alternatingly for realizing superpower laser, high power pulsed laser.The invention also discloses the methods for carrying out part forming using above-mentioned apparatus.The present invention uses the laser beam focus mode of prefocusing galvanometer, so that hot spot energy density on the every bit of entire finished surface is identical, improves the precision of part printing.In process, it using being used interchangeably for two kinds of laser, not only ensure that the high efficiency forming of part, but also can guarantee the precision and roughness of component surface, reduced the processing cost of part.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to increases material manufacturing technology fields, and in particular to a kind of high-power part forming device of SLM, the present invention is also
The method for being related to carrying out part forming using above-mentioned apparatus.
Background technique
The mode that laser focuses has prefocusing galvanometer (PRE-SCAN) and rear focusing galvanometer (POST-SCAN) two ways,
POST-SCAN is to focus after scanning, and PRE-SCAN is to focus before scanning.At present SLM using it is most common be after focus shake
Mirror mode, i.e. laser issue laser beam and pass through collimating mirror, beam expanding lens first, then by scanning galvanometer, finally by field lens (
It is f-theta lens, f- θ field lens) it scans to machined surface.Scanning galvanometer by change X, Y direction two reflecting mirrors it is anti-
Firing angle degree realizes the deflection of laser beam, and then controls laser beam and move according to specified scan path.F-theta lens be
Under the premise of not changing optical system optical characteristics, change the position of imaging beam, realizes and focused in entire machined surface hot spot
It is even.
By the way of SLM focuses the laser beam focus of galvanometer after, scan area is limited by f-theta lens, and
Each luminous point is in different size in the plane of scanning motion.When the scanning range increasing of field lens, necessarily leads to the increase of operating distance, obtain
To the diameter of luminous point become larger, that is to say, that it is not carefully enough poly-, the power density decline of laser be very it is fast (power density with
2 powers of spot diameter are inversely proportional), energy loss increases.Since what f- θ field lens utilized is that y'=f* θ relationship works, and it is real
The value of the θ and tg θ on border be it is distinguishing, with the increasing of focal length f, optical-point distortion degree will be increasing.Therefore SLM can not also
Realize that the high-precision of large-scale part shapes, the processing breadth of general SLM can only accomplish 1m or less at present.
SLM laser beam depends on the energy absorption of material, and laser power is lower, and the peak strength of laser is lower, causes
The printing completion of part takes a long time, and processing efficiency is low, and machined material powder particle size selects smaller, increase
Production cost.The surface quality of SLM processing part is unable to reach requirement, needs to carry out multiple post-processings and carrys out finishing parts list
Face, this undoubtedly increases part processing cost.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high-power part forming devices of SLM, solve existing SLM processing part, add
The problem of work low efficiency, piece surface is coarse, high production cost.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide the methods for carrying out part forming using above-mentioned apparatus.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a kind of high-power part forming device of SLM, including the laser set gradually
Beam combiner, dynamic focus device and scanning galvanometer；
Laser beam combination device includes superpower laser, high power pulsed laser and laser conversion equipment, laser conversion
Device is used alternatingly for realizing superpower laser, high power pulsed laser.
Feature of the present invention also resides in,
Wherein laser conversion equipment is reflecting mirror or pellicle mirror.
Wherein reflecting mirror can be rotated.
Wherein reflecting mirror is connect with servo motor, rotates reflecting mirror by servo motor driving.
Wherein pellicle mirror and laser path 45° angle are arranged.
Wherein superpower laser, high power pulsed laser are arranged in a mutually vertical manner.
Another technical solution of the present invention is a kind of high-power part shaping techniques of SLM, using prefocusing galvanometer
Laser beam focus mode carries out part forming；
The used high-power part forming apparatus structure of SLM are as follows: poly- including the laser beam combination device that sets gradually, dynamic
Coke installation and scanning galvanometer；
Laser beam combination device includes superpower laser, high power pulsed laser and laser conversion equipment, laser conversion
Device is used alternatingly for realizing superpower laser, high power pulsed laser；
It is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
Step 1, the printing-forming of part:
Equipment is opened, part is read and prints subdivision program, superpower laser exports laser, and laser is through dynamic focus device
It focuses, scanning galvanometer scanning, carries out part printing and close superpower laser after the completion of part printing；
Step 2, piece surface is handled:
Laser conversion equipment is adjusted, the laser for reflecting high power pulsed laser transmitting is enabled；After reading part
Scanner program is managed, high power pulsed laser is opened, pulse laser is reflected through laser conversion equipment, poly- into dynamic focus device
Burnt, scanning galvanometer scanning, carries out the surface treatment of part, after completing surface treatment, closes high power pulsed laser.
Feature of the present invention also resides in,
Wherein laser conversion equipment is reflecting mirror or pellicle mirror.
Wherein reflecting mirror is connect with servo motor, rotates reflecting mirror by servo motor driving.
Wherein pellicle mirror and laser path 45° angle are arranged.
The invention has the advantages that
1, the present invention uses the laser beam focus mode of prefocusing galvanometer (PRE-SCAN), so that hot spot is in entirely processing table
Energy density is identical on the every bit in face, improves the precision of part printing.Dynamic focusing can elongate focal length, the scanning of laser
Range expands, and the book size for printing part increases, while can splice the height for completing larger size part by multiple galvanometers
Precision forming.
2, in process, using being used interchangeably for two kinds of laser, the high efficiency forming of part has not only been ensure that, but also can protect
The precision and roughness for demonstrate,proving component surface, reduce the processing cost of part.
3, using high power laser light, the energy absorption of material is not depended on, the bonding forming of fast melt material is conducive to improve
The efficiency of part forming, and the big metal powder of granularity can be used, bulky grain metal powder is relatively relatively inexpensive, to reduce life
Produce cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of embodiment of apparatus of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention another embodiment；
Fig. 3 is a kind of process flow diagram flow chart of embodiment of apparatus of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is a kind of part print state schematic diagram of embodiment of apparatus of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is a kind of piece surface processing status schematic diagram of embodiment of apparatus of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the process flow diagram flow chart of apparatus of the present invention another embodiment；
Fig. 7 is the part print state schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention another embodiment；
Fig. 8 is the piece surface processing status schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention another embodiment.
In figure, 1. superpower lasers, 2. high power pulsed lasers, 3. dynamic focus devices, 4. scanning galvanometers, 5. bases
Material, 6. laser conversion equipments, 7. reflecting mirrors, 8. reflecting mirror rotation directions, 9. pellicle mirrors.
Specific embodiment
The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
A kind of high-power part forming device of SLM of the present invention, including laser beam combination device, the dynamic focusing dress set gradually
It sets and scanning galvanometer.
Laser beam combination device includes superpower laser 1, high power pulsed laser 2 and laser conversion equipment 6.
Laser conversion equipment is used alternatingly for realizing superpower laser 1, high power pulsed laser 2.Such as Fig. 1,2
Shown laser conversion equipment is the pellicle mirror of rotatable reflecting mirror or 45 ° of settings.
Reflecting mirror 7 is connect with servo motor, so that reflecting mirror 7 is rotated a certain angle by servo motor driving.
Superpower laser 1, the setting of 2 position of high power pulsed laser enable emitted laser to convert with laser
The converted parallel of device enters phase dynamic focus device.For example it is arranged in a mutually vertical manner.
The present invention uses prefocusing galvanometer (PRE-SCAN) laser beam focus mode, uses superpower laser and high power
Two kinds of laser of pulse laser devise a kind of new beam combiner, and two kinds of laser real-time exchanges use same scan head, point
Work complete part shape increase material process and piece surface processing subtract material process.Prefocusing galvanometer is i.e. before scanning galvanometer
Using the dynamic focus device of a long focusing, when the hot spot of laser output is focused by dynamic focusing mirror, the focal length of focusing
Greater than the distance of dynamic focusing mirror to galvanometer, that is to say, that it is scanned during light beam focuses, it is every according to workpiece planarization
The distance for a little arriving focus lamp, changes the focal length of focus lamp, so that the luminous point after focusing is made all to gather the plane where workpiece,
And be uniformly distributed in the focal beam spot of entire breadth, due to can be by zoom in, to increase scan area, this be current
The preferred plan of large format high-velocity scanning.
Dynamic focusing is a kind of technology for developing for the offset issue that commonly focuses, it uses an adjuster, week
Phase property generates the focus voltage of special waveform, keeps electron beam voltage in central point minimum, and when corner is scanned, voltage is with focal length
Increase and gradually increase, corrects focus variations at any time.
High power laser light has high peak strength, and energy is caused quickly to be transmitted to material, and unrelated with the absorption of material,
This is conducive to the quick increasing material forming of material.High power pulsed laser for material surface texture portray, Quick-gasifying, finishing
By universal application.
Using rotatable reflecting mirror or the pellicle mirror of one 45 ° of use, realize that high power laser light and high power pulse swash
Light is used alternatingly, and can adjust high power laser in real time by dynamic focusing and issue laser in the focusing of entire piece surface
Spot size, the small energy density of large spot realize fusing, the solidification of metal powder, finally realize zero according to the path of setting
Part processes (SLM principle)；High power pulsed laser can be adjusted in real time by dynamic focusing issues laser in piece surface
Focal beam spot size, the big energy density of small light spot realize piece surface polishing, gasification, finishing purpose.This Compound Machining, both
It ensure that high efficiency shapes, and can guarantee the precision and roughness of component surface.SLM large scale zero may be implemented in the present invention
The high-precision of part shapes.
The total reflection of reflecting mirror realization laser.
Pellicle mirror is a kind of special mirror, can penetrate a kind of light, and reflects another light.Light splitting is plated in mirror surface
Film, principle are the interference effects of light, and the light for the wavelength having is allowed to penetrate, the light reflection of some wavelength.What the present invention used
Pellicle mirror can penetrate high power laser light, reflect high power pulsed laser.
By using dynamic focusing, laser combiner, superpower laser, SLM can process large scale, high-precision,
The good part of surface quality.
Above-mentioned apparatus based on rotatable reflecting mirror carries out the process of part forming, as shown in Figure 3:
Step 1: the printing-forming of part
Equipment is opened, part is read and prints subdivision program, superpower laser 1 exports laser, and laser is filled through dynamic focusing
3, scanning galvanometer 4 is set, the part on substrate 5 is started to print, reflecting mirror 7 is outside laser optical path at this time, as shown in Figure 4.Part
After the completion of printing, superpower laser 1 is closed.
Step 2: reflecting mirror rotation
Drive rotating mirror 7 to specified position by computer-controlled servo motor, reflecting mirror 7 is located at Gao Gong at this time
On the laser optical path that rate pulse laser 2 is emitted, and can reflection laser feed them into dynamic focus device 3.Reflecting mirror turns
Dynamic direction 8, as shown in Figure 1.
Step 3: piece surface processing
Read part post-process scanner program, open high power pulsed laser 2, pulse laser through dynamic focus device 3,
Scanning galvanometer 4 starts to be surface-treated to the part on substrate 5, and the position of reflecting mirror 7 is as shown in Figure 5 at this time.It completes at surface
Reason closes high power pulsed laser.
The above-mentioned apparatus for the pellicle mirror being arranged based on 45 ° carries out the process of part forming, as shown in Figure 6:
Step 1: the printing-forming of part
Equipment is opened, part is read and prints subdivision program, superpower laser 1 exports laser, and laser beam is from pellicle mirror 9
The back side is transmitted through, and starts to print to the part on substrate 5, as shown in Figure 7.After the completion of part printing, high power laser light is closed
Device 1.
Step 2: piece surface processing
It reads part and post-processes scanner program, open high power pulsed laser 3, pulse laser is in 9 front hair of pellicle mirror
Raw total reflection, starts the surface treatment of the part on substrate 5, as shown in Figure 8.Surface treatment is completed, high power pulse is closed and swashs
Light device 2.
The present invention uses the laser beam focus mode of prefocusing galvanometer (PRE-SCAN), so that hot spot is in entire finished surface
Every bit on energy density it is identical, improve part printing precision.Dynamic focusing can elongate focal length, the scanning model of laser
Expansion is enclosed, the book size for printing part increases, while can splice by multiple galvanometers and complete the high-precision of larger size part
Degree forming.
Using being used interchangeably for two kinds of laser, the high efficiency forming of part not only ensure that, but also can guarantee component surface
Precision and roughness, reduce the processing cost of part.
Using high power laser light, the energy absorption of material is not depended on, the bonding forming of fast melt material is conducive to raising zero
The efficiency of part forming, and the big metal powder of granularity can be used, bulky grain metal powder is relatively relatively inexpensive, to reduce production
Cost.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of high-power part forming device of SLM, which is characterized in that poly- including the laser beam combination device that sets gradually, dynamic
Coke installation (3) and scanning galvanometer (4)；
The laser beam combination device includes superpower laser (1), high power pulsed laser (2) and laser conversion equipment (6),
Laser conversion equipment is used alternatingly for realizing superpower laser (1), high power pulsed laser (2).
2. the high-power part forming device of a kind of SLM according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the laser converting means
It is set to reflecting mirror or pellicle mirror.
3. the high-power part forming device of a kind of SLM according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the reflecting mirror can turn
It is dynamic.
4. the high-power part forming device of a kind of SLM according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the reflecting mirror with watch
Motor connection is taken, rotates reflecting mirror by servo motor driving.
5. the high-power part forming device of a kind of SLM according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the pellicle mirror and swash
The setting of light path 45° angle.
6. the high-power part forming device of a kind of SLM according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the high power laser light
Device (1), high power pulsed laser (2) are arranged in a mutually vertical manner.
7. a kind of high-power part shaping techniques of SLM, which is characterized in that carry out zero using prefocusing galvanometer laser beam focus mode
Part forming；
The used high-power part forming apparatus structure of SLM are as follows: including laser beam combination device, the dynamic focusing dress set gradually
Set (3) and scanning galvanometer (4)；
The laser beam combination device includes superpower laser (1), high power pulsed laser (2) and laser conversion equipment (6),
Laser conversion equipment is used alternatingly for realizing superpower laser (1), high power pulsed laser (2)；
It is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
Step 1, the printing-forming of part:
Equipment is opened, part is read and prints subdivision program, superpower laser (1) exports laser, and laser is through dynamic focus device
(3) it focuses, scanning galvanometer (4) scanning, carries out part printing and closed superpower laser (1) after the completion of part printing；
Step 2, piece surface is handled:
It adjusts laser conversion equipment (6), enables the laser for reflecting high power pulsed laser (2) transmitting；After reading part
Scanner program is handled, is opened high power pulsed laser (3), pulse laser is reflected through laser conversion equipment (6), poly- into dynamic
Coke installation (3) focuses, scanning galvanometer (4) scans, and carries out the surface treatment of part, after completing surface treatment, closes high power arteries and veins
Rush laser (2).
8. the high-power part shaping techniques of a kind of SLM according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the laser converting means
It is set to reflecting mirror or pellicle mirror.
9. the high-power part shaping techniques of a kind of SLM according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the reflecting mirror with watch
Motor connection is taken, rotates reflecting mirror by servo motor driving.
10. the high-power part shaping techniques of a kind of SLM according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the pellicle mirror and swash
The setting of light path 45° angle.
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| CN201811603970.5A CN109513927A (en) | 2018-12-26 | 2018-12-26 | A kind of high-power part forming device of SLM and manufacturing process |
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| WO2022053005A1 (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2022-03-17 | 华中科技大学 | Double-beam slm forming device and method considering both forming efficiency and forming precision |
| CN112247345A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2021-01-22 | 华侨大学 | Method for improving hydrophilicity of 3D printing biomaterial formed piece |
| CN115026313A (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-09-09 | 杭州爱新凯科技有限公司 | Double-laser single-galvanometer printing system and printing method |
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