CN206364145U - 用于管理多个电池模块的电动车辆电源管理*** - Google Patents
用于管理多个电池模块的电动车辆电源管理*** Download PDFInfo
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- CN206364145U CN206364145U CN201620199106.3U CN201620199106U CN206364145U CN 206364145 U CN206364145 U CN 206364145U CN 201620199106 U CN201620199106 U CN 201620199106U CN 206364145 U CN206364145 U CN 206364145U
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- management system
- battery
- battery management
- ems
- electric vehicle
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
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Abstract
本文所描述的各种技术涉及用于管理电池组中的多个电池模块的电动车辆电源管理***。这种电动车辆电源管理***可包括对应于多个电池模块的多个电池管理***,以及用于管理所述多个电池管理***的能量管理***。所述能量管理***和所述多个电池管理***可采用主从无线通信,并且可使用单个无线频道或多个分配的无线频道。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是于2015年3月16日提交的题为“对电动车辆的改进”的美国临时专利申请号62/133,991的非临时专利申请并要求其优先权。本申请还是于2015年4月22日提交的题为“对电动车辆的改进”的美国临时专利申请号62/150,848的非临时专利申请并要求其优先权。申请号为62/133,991和62/150,848的临时申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文以用于到达本说明书所有目的、用途或要求。
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种用于电池(例如在电动车辆马达和其他电动装置内的电池)的电源管理***。
背景技术
电池充电和电源管理技术是新的电池供电的装置(如电动车辆)开发的重要部分。例如,多个电池模块可以是电动车辆的电源且可在电动车辆的操作中发挥重要的作用。电池的有效管理和监测可以是关键技术,因此电池管理***成为电动车辆必不可少的部分。电动车辆中的电池管理***可监测为了确保电池的有效运行所必需的电池电压、电流、温度以及其他电池参数和状态。这种数据可进行存储并被提供至在电池组和/或在电动装置内的各种控制电路和***(例如,电动车辆的车辆控制单元)。在一些情况下,电池组可使用多个可替换电池模块,其为电池模块的持续监测和管理制造了复杂性和困难。
实用新型内容
鉴于以上问题,本实用新型涉及用于电动装置,如电动车辆的电源管理***。
本实用新型的某些方面涉及用于电动车辆的电源管理***。电动车辆电源管理***可用于管理多个电池模块,并且多个电池模块中的每个电池模块可包括一个或多个电池单元。这种电动车辆电源管理***可包括多个电池管理***(BMS),其中多个电池管理***(BMS)中的每个电池管理***与相应的电池模块相连以管理在相应的电池模块中的一个或多个电池单元。能量管理***(EMS)可管理多个电池管理***。电动车辆电源管理***可进一步包括无线数据通道,其由用于在能量管理***和多个电池管理***之间进行数据通信的一个或多个无线频道所组成。能量管理***还可包括能量管理处理器和能量管理通信模块。每个电池管理***可包括电池管理处理器和电池管理通信模块,且还可设有唯一的电池管理***地址。能量管理通信模块可使用无线频道以同时将命令发送至电池管理***中的每一个,并且命令可载有标识当前被选电池管理***的地址。电池管理通信模块中的每一个可从能量管理通信模块接收命令,并且可使用其各自的电池管理处理器基于命令中的地址确定是否要对接收的命令进行处理和应答。当前被选电池管理***的电池管理处理器可确定是否需要对接收的命令进行处理和应答,并且可随后对接收的命令进行处理和响应。
根据本实用新型的额外的方面,可提供电动车辆电源管理***。电动车辆电源管理***可用于管理多个电池模块,其中多个电池模块中的每个电池模块包括一个或多个电池单元。电动车辆电源管理***可包括多个电池管理***(BMS),其中多个电池管理***(BMS)中的每个电池管理***对应于电池模块,且每个电池管理***可用于管理电池模块中的一个或多个电池单元。能量管理***(EMS)可管理多个电池管理***。电动车辆电源管理***可进一步包括无线数据通道,无线数据通道是由多个无线频道所组成的,且多个电池管理***中的每个电池管理***可使用多个无线频道中的相应的无线频道以与能量管理***进行通信。能量管理***可包括能量管理通信模块,且多个电池管理***(BMS)中的每个电池管理***可包括电池管理通信模块。能量管理通信模块可使用无线频道向多个电池管理***中的一个电池管理***或同时向多个电池管理***中的多个电池管理***发送命令。多个电池管理***中的一个或多个电池管理***可通过其各自的电池管理通信模块接收命令并在接收命令后对命令进行处理和响应。
根据本实用新型的进一步的方面,可提供电池车辆的电池组。这种电池组可包括多个电池模块,并且电池组可使用根据本文所述的实施例的电动车辆电源管理***。
在本实用新型的更进一步的方面,可提供电动车辆,电动车辆包括电动车辆的电池组和/或根据本文所述的实施例的电动车辆电源管理***。
相对于现有技术,本文所述的各种实施例可具有某些优点,例如,避免了电动车辆电池组内的大量布线从而节省了这种电池组的空间。此外,在一些情况下,可需要更少或不需要通信线接头,因此可更方便地替换电池模块组,并且可有效防止由于与电池模块的通信损耗而导致的车辆的稳定性问题。
附图说明
本实用新型将参照附图进一步地进行详细描述。
图1A示出根据本实用新型的一个或多个实施例的电动车辆电源管理***的数据交换图。
图1B示出根据本实用新型的一个或多个实施例的电动车辆电源管理***的数据交换图。
图2示出根据本实用新型的一个或多个实施例的电动车辆电源管理***的硬件模块图。
图3A示出使用根据本实用新型的一个或多个实施例的电动车辆电源管理***的电池组的内部主通信流程图。
图3B示出使用根据本实用新型的一个或多个实施例的电动车辆电源管理***的电池组的内部实施流程图。
图4示出使用根据本实用新型的一个或多个实施例的电动车辆电源管理***的电池组的内部通信流程示意图。
图5示出可提供本实用新型的各种特性的计算***的示例性方框图。
具体实施方式
下面将参照附图描述本实用新型的电动车辆电源管理***的实施例。
在下列描述中,为了进行解释,阐述了许多特定的细节以提供对本实用新型的各种实施例的彻底理解。然而,对于本领域的技术人员来说显而易见的是,本实用新型的实施例可在不具有这些特定细节中的一些的情况下进行实践。在其他情况下,以方框图的形式示出公知的结构和装置。
随后的描述仅提供了示例性实施例且不旨在限制本公开的范围、适用性或配置。相反地,示例性实施例的随后的描述将向本领域中的技术人员提供用于实施示例性实施例的描述。应当理解的是,在不脱离如在所附权利要求中阐述的本实用新型的精神和范围的前提下,可对元件的功能和布置做出各种改变。
在下列的描述中给出了具体的细节以提供对实施例的彻底理解。然而,本领域的普通技术人员将理解的是,实施例也可在不具有这些特定细节的情况下予以实践。例如,可以以方框图的形式将电路、***、网络、过程和其他部件示为部件,从而避免以不必要的细节混淆实施例。在其他情况下,可在不具有不必要的细节的情况下示出公知的电路、过程、算法、结构和技术以免混淆实施例。
另外,要注意的是,各个的实施例可被描述为过程,该过程被描述为流程表、流程图、数据流图、结构图或方框图。尽管流程表可将操作描述成顺序过程,但许多操作也可并行或同时地进行。此外,操作的顺序可进行重新安排。当其操作被完成时,过程终止,但可能具有未包括在图中的额外步骤。过程可对应于方法、函数、过程、子例程、子程序等。当过程对应于函数时,其终止可能对应于使该函数返回至调用函数或主函数。
下面将参考构成本说明书的一部分的附图描述本实用新型的各种实施例。应该理解的是,虽然在本实用新型中使用表示方向的术语,诸如“前”、“后”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等描述本实用新型的各种示例性结构部分和元件,但是在此使用这些术语只是为了方便说明的目的,是基于附图中显示的示例方位而确定的。由于本实用新型所公开的实施例可以按照不同的方向设置,所以这些表示方向的术语只是作为说明而不应视作为限制。在可能的情况下,本实用新型中使用的相同或者相类似的附图标记指的是相同的部件。
术语“计算机可读介质”包括但不限于非临时性介质,如便携式或固定存储装置、光存储装置和各种其他能够存储、包含或携带指令和/或数据的介质。代码段或计算机可执行指令可表示过程、函数、子程序、程序、例程、子例程、模块、软件包、类或指令、数据结构或程序语句的任意组合。可通过传递和/或接收信息、数据、引数、参数或存储器内容而将代码段联接至另一个代码段或硬件电路。信息、引数、参数、数据等可经任何合适的手段,包括存储器共享、消息传递、令牌传递、网络传输等进行传递、转发或传输。
此外,实施例可由硬件、软件、固件、中间件、微代码、硬件描述语言或其任意组合来实施。当以软件、固件、中间件或微代码实施时,用于执行必要任务的程序代码或代码段可被存储在计算机可读介质中。处理器可执行必要的任务。
本文描述了涉及用于管理在电池组中的多个电池模块的电动车辆电源管理***的各种技术(例如,存储多个可由一个或多个处理器等执行的指令的***、电路、方法、非临时性计算机可读存储器)。这种电动车辆电源管理***可包括对应于多个电池模块的多个电池管理***以及用于管理多个电池管理***的能量管理***。能量管理***和多个电池管理***可采用主从无线通信,并且可使用单个无线频道或多个分配的无线频道。
在本文所述的某些实施例中,对应于多个电池模块131.1、131.2、…、131.n的多个电池管理***(BMS)132.1、132.2、…、132.n可通过无线数据通道与能量管理***(EMS)111进行通信。
图1A示出根据一个或多个实施例的电动车辆电源管理***的数据交换图,图1B示出根据一个或多个实施例的电动车辆电源管理***的数据交换图的另一个实例。如在图1A和1B中所示,本文所述的电源管理***100可管理和监测电池组101。电池组101可包括多个电池模块131.1、131.2、…、131.n,每个电池模块131.i(i=1、2、...n)与一个BMS 132.i(i=1、2、...n)相连,以管理在相应电池模块131.i中的一个或多个电池单元。电池模块131.i及其相应的BMS 132.i可组成可替换的电池模块组112.i(i=1、2、...、n),并且在当前使用的电池模块组112.i发生故障时,其可使用替代的电池模块组进行替换。
电源管理***100可进一步包括能量管理***(EMS)111,EMS 111可用于管理多个BMS 132.1、132.2、…、132.n,并且EMS 111可通过无线数据通道113、114与BMS 132.1、132.2、…、132.n相连。由于通过无线数据通道113、114进行连接,因此避免了大量布线且可减小电池组101的整体空间。同时,由于不需要通信线接头,可潜在地避免电池模块组112.i替换带来的通信线接头损耗的问题,并从而可增强稳定性。
图2示出根据各种实施例的电动车辆电源管理***的硬件模块图。在这个实例中,每个BMS 132.i设有电池管理处理器211.i(i=1、2、…n)、电池管理存储器212.i(i=1、2、…n)、电池管理通信模块213.i(i=1、2、…n)、电压检测电路214.i(i=1、2、…n)和温度检测电路215.i(i=1、2、…n)。每个BMS 132.i可通过电压检测电路214.i和温度检测电路215.i实时地检测数据,如相应的电池模块131.i的电压和温度,并且可将该数据存储在电池管理存储器212.i中。EMS 111可设有能量管理处理器201、能量管理存储器202以及能量管理通信模块203。
在一些实施例中,当使用无线数据通道113、114进行电池组101的内部通信时,可使用主从架构的通信方式。例如,EMS 111可用作主控端且每个BMS 132.i可用作从属端。充当主控端的EMS 111可确定哪个BMS 132.i回复,从而避免因无法确定哪个BMS 132.i需要与EMS 111进行通信而可能产生的冲突,从而避免信息阻塞。同时,由于主从架构的通信方式,使得BMS 132.1、132.2、…、132.n之间不需要进行相互通信且可以是相互独立的,因此不会因为多个BMS中的一个发生异常而影响整个电源管理***。
为了管理每个BMS 132.i,EMS 111可能需要周期性或连续地从每个BMS 132.i收集其相应的电池模块131.i的信息。在图1A所示的实例中,EMS 111所使用的无线数据通道113由一个无线频道组成,其可同时连接EMS 111和多个BMS 132.1、132.2、…、132.n,从而节省资源。每个BMS 132.i可永久地设有唯一的BMS地址ID.i(i=1、2、...n)。通过在通信信息中设有标识当前被选的BMS的地址ID.i,EMS 11一次1可与一个当前被选的BMS通信,且在完成与当前被选的BMS的通信后,其可与下一个被选BMS进行通信直至多个BMS中的每个BMS都与EMS 111进行了通信。在完成了一轮这样的通信后,则可进行下一轮通信。在一些实施例中,如果仅使用一个无线频道,该通信方法可有效避免在多个BMS和EMS 111之间进行同时通信而导致的冲突。
下面将参照图1A、图2和图3A详细地描述使用如在图1A中所示实施例的电源管理***的电池组101的内部通信流程。然而,应该理解的是,参照这些附图描述的技术不限于图1A和图2中所示的特定***,且可用于本文所述的各种其他实施例中。
在步骤301中,首先在通信前,可为每个BMS 132.i永久地提供唯一的BMS地址ID.i(i=1、2、…n),且所有BMS的ID信息可被存储在EMS 111的能量管理存储器202中。
在步骤302中,在每一轮通信前,EMS 111可设置通信间隔时间,这里的通信间隔时间可指从能量管理***111与当前被选的BMS之间的通信完成时刻到能量管理***111与下一个被选的BMS之间的通信开始时刻的时间间隔。
步骤303至步骤306示出在EMS 111可将数据命令发送至当前被选电池管理***132.j(j=1、2、…、n)前的异常验证过程。
在步骤303中,EMS 111的能量管理处理器201可控制能量管理通信模块203通过无线数据通道113同时向所有BMS 132.1、132.2、…132.n的电池管理通信模块213.1、213.2、…213.n发送载有标识当前被选BMS132.j的地址ID.j的验证信号。
在步骤304中,在每个电池管理通信模块213.i接收来自能量管理通信模块203的验证信号后,每个电池管理处理器211.i可根据验证信号中的ID.j确定是否对验证信号进行应答。具体而言,电池管理处理器211.i可比较/核对验证信号中的ID.j是否和存储器212.1中存储的ID一致。如果一致,BMS.i则可进入步骤305以充当当前被选BMS 132.j以向EMS 111回复验证应答信号。如果不一致,BMS.i则可抛弃验证信号。
在步骤306中,EMS 111可根据验证应答信号判断/确定是否存在与BMS相关联的异常。例如,异常情况可能是:EMS 111在预定时间内没有收到当前被选BMS 132.j的验证应答信号,或EMS 111收到的验证应答信号为乱码,或EMS 111收到的验证应答信号中有错误标记等。如果EMS 111确定存在与BMS相关联的一些异常,EMS 111可进入故障诊断流程307。
在故障诊断流程307中,EMS 111可先判断故障类型,然后可基于故障类型确定是否需要启动警告机制。如启动了警告机制,EMS 111则可向车辆控制单元(VCU)发送警告信息,车辆控制单元(VCU)可进行后续的故障处理,之后,EMS 111则可返回主通信流程以进行步骤308。如果判断不需要启动警告机制,EMS 111则可终止故障诊断流程307并返回主通信流程。通过设置异常验证过程,可有效监测在使用无线数据通道的过程中所产生的问题,从而及时处理故障并避免对后续命令以及应答处理的影响。
如果EMS 111验证不存在异常,则可进行步骤308至步骤310的请求数据发送流程。
具体而言,在步骤308中,EMS 111的能量管理处理器201可控制能量管理通信模块203通过无线数据通道113同时向所有BMS 132.1、132.2、…132.n的电池管理通信模块213.1、213.2、…213.n发送请求数据命令。请求数据命令可包括,例如开始标记、标识当前被选BMS 132.j的ID.j、请求当前被选BMS 132.j发送常用信息(如符合当前被选ID.j的相应的电池模块131.j的电压、电流、温度等)的命令、和/或终止标记。
在步骤309中,在每个电池管理通信模块213.i收到来自于能量管理通信模块203的请求数据命令后,每个电池管理处理器211.i可基于请求数据命令中的ID.j确定是否要对命令进行处理和应答。在操作期间,每个电池管理通信模块213.i常常无需完整地接收请求数据命令且可能只需接收标识当前被选BMS 132.j的ID.j部分的命令。在电池管理处理器211.i确定ID.j与其ID一致后,电池管理处理器则可继续接收命令直至命令结束和/或接收到终止标记。如果ID.j与其ID不一致,电池管理处理器则无需继续接收命令且可抛弃请求数据命令。这样,可有效地提高通信效率。
在步骤310中,在确定需要对请求数据命令进行处理和应答后,当前被选BMS132.j的电池管理处理器211.j可控制当前被选电池管理通信模块213.j通过无线数据通道113向EMS 111回复请求数据。在这些和其他实施例中,BMS 132的电池管理处理器211可通过硬件电路和/或通过存储计算机可执行软件指令以执行所述功能的计算机可读介质来执行本文所述的各种功能。
在当前被选BMS 132.j向EMS 111回复请求数据后,进行步骤311,其中EMS 111的能量管理处理器201可确定是否对当前被选BMS 132.j实施操作。如果实施操作,则可进行如在步骤312中的实施流程。这里的实施操作是指EMS 111需要对当前被选BMS 132.j的参数进行修改,或者需要当前被选BMS 132.j回复额外信息,例如电池设置参数纪录等。额外信息可包括涉及被选BMS 132.j的之前或当前状态的任何信息,但无需包括之前传输的常用信息(例如,电压和温度)。
在使用如图3B中所示的第一个实施例的电池组的内部实施流程图中示出了步骤312的特定流程。在这个实例中,在步骤3121中,EMS可向每个BMS 132.i发送载有当前被选BMS 132.j的地址ID.j的实施命令。在步骤3122中,每个BMS 132.i可根据ID各自确定是否需要对实施命令进行应答。这些各自确定可类似于如上面所讨论的步骤309中的方法,其中BMS 132.i可根据ID确定是否需要对请求数据命令进行应答。在步骤3123中,当前被选BMS132.j可接收并实施命令。在当前被选BMS 132.j实施命令后,在步骤3124中,可再次进行如在图3A中所示的主通信流程。
在当前被选BMS132.j已对为当前被选BMS 132.j发送的命令进行处理和应答后,EMS 111与当前被选BMS 132.j的通信则可被视为完成,且进行步骤313。在步骤313中,EMS111的能量管理处理器201可确定是否已完成了向多个电池模块131.1、131.2、…、131.n中的每一个发送相应的命令。如果没有完成,则进行步骤314,其中EMS 111将标识当前被选BMS的地址ID更新为ID.j+1,从而选择下一个当前被选BMS 132.j+1。在等待了步骤302中设置的间隔时间后,则可在步骤303中开始与下一个当前被选BMS 132.j+1的通信。因此,每个BMS 132.i的通信可由EMS 111确定,从而可有效地避免多个BMS同时回复EMS 111而带来的冲突。
在一些情况下,EMS 111可连续和顺序地更新当前BMS的地址ID,从而不断选择下一个当前被选BMS直至其已向多个BMS 132.1、132.2、…、132.n中的每一个发送相应的命令。应注意的是,这里的顺序更新并不限定多个BMS132.1、132.2、…、132.n需要按照某个固定的顺序进行排序以通信,而是指EMS在每一轮通信中不重复地与多个BMS中的每一个进行通信。
当EMS 111已完成向多个BMS 132.1、132.2、…、132.n中的每一个发送相应的命令时,在步骤313中可确定其已完成了当前一轮的通信。此时,过程可返回至步骤302以开始新一轮的通信。
图1B示出了根据各种实施例的电动车辆电源管理***的另一个数据交换图。在这个实例中,也采用了主从架构的通信方式。与图1A所示的实施例不同的地方在于,在这个实例中,无线数据通道114由多个无线频道114.1、114.2、…、114.n组成。无线频道114.1、114.2、…、114.n中的每一个可对应于一个特定的BMS 132.i(i=1、2、…n),且EMS 111可使用与该BMS132.i(i=1、2、…n)相应的无线频道114.i(i=1、2、…n)与每个BMS 132.i进行通信。由于每个BMS 132.i可设有唯一的无线频道114.i,即使多个BMS同时与EMS 111进行通信,也可避免通信碰撞和/或冲突。此外,用于区分电池模块的地址(ID.i),其在这个实例中为可选的,且其可存储在EMS 111中。EMS 111可将每个电池模块的地址(ID.i)与其相应的无线频道114.i相关联,且以这种方式,EMS 111可通过相应的无线频道将对电池模块的命令发送至电池模块。
下面将参照图2和图4详细地描述使用如在图1B中所示实施例的电池组101的内部通信流程。然而,应该理解的是,参照这些附图描述的技术不限于图1B和图4中所示的特定***,且可用于本文所述的各种其他实施例中。
在步骤401中,首先在通信前,每个BMS 132.i可永久地设有唯一的BMS地址ID.i(i=l、2、...n)和唯一的无线频道114.i,且所有BMS的ID信息和相应的无线频道的信息可存储在EMS 111的能量管理存储器202中。
在步骤402中,在每一轮通信前,EMS 111可设置通信间隔时间,这里的通信间隔时间可指从EMS 111与BMS之间的当前通信的完成时刻到EMS 111与BMS之间的下次通信的开始时刻的时间间隔。能量管理处理器201可根据需要控制时间间隔的长短。
步骤403至步骤405示出EMS 111从BMS 132.i收集其相应的电池模块131.i的信息前的异常验证过程。具体而言,在步骤403中,EMS 111的能量管理处理器201可选择多个需要通信的BMS同时与之进行通信,能量管理通信模块203可通过其各自的无线频道向被选的BMS的电池管理通信模块发送验证信号。应注意的是,这里的多个被选的BMS可以是或不是电池组101中的所有BMS。例如,EMS 111也可仅选择一个BMS 132.i并通过其相应的无线频道114.i将验证信号发送至BMS 132.i。
由于在这个实例中每个无线频道114.i是与单个BMS132.i相对应的,因此只有使用该无线频道114.i的BMS 132.i才可收到通过该无线频道114.i发送的验证信号。在步骤404中,在接收验证信号后,一个或多个电池管理通信模块可通过其各自的无线频道向EMS111回复其验证应答信号。如果EMS 111选择多个BMS与之同时通信,EMS 111则可同时向这些BMS发送相同的验证。当这些BMS回复验证应答信号时,EMS 111可通过其相应的无线频道区分这些来自多个BMS的验证应答信号。当然,在其他实施例中,也可以采用其它方法来区分来自多个BMS的验证应答信号。例如,EMS 111可向每个BMS.i发送添加了其相应的地址ID.i的验证信号,且每个BMS.i可向EMS 111回复添加了其相应的地址ID.i的验证应答信号。在其他实例中,EMS 111可向多个BMS发送相同的验证信号,但每个BMS.i可向EMS 111回复添加了其相应的地址ID.i的验证应答信号。
在步骤405中,EMS 111可基于从BMS接收的验证应答信号确定是否存在与一个或多个BMS相关联的异常。如果能量管理***111确定存在异常,能量管理***111则可进入故障诊断流程406。总体的异常状况和故障诊断流程406可与上面参照图1A所讨论的相同。
如果EMS 111验证不存在异常,则可进行步骤407至步骤408的请求数据发送流程。例如,EMS 111可通过BMS各自的无线频道向之前被选的BMS发送请求数据命令,且被选的BMS可通过其各自无线频道向EMS回复请求数据。EMS 111发送请求数据命令以及BMS向EMS111回复请求数据的方式与上述异常验证过程所使用的方式类似。
在被选的BMS已通过其各自的无线频道向EMS回复请求数据后,可进行步骤409。在步骤409中,EMS 111的能量管理处理器201可确定是否需要对被选的BMS实施操作。如果需要实施操作,在步骤410和步骤411中,EMS 111可通过其各自的无线频道114.i将实施命令发送至BMS,且BMS可接收并实施该实施命令。在这些和其他实施例中,EMS 111的能量管理处理器201可通过硬件电路和/或通过存储计算机可执行软件指令以执行所述功能的计算机可读介质来执行本文所述的各种功能。
在被选的BMS 132.i已完成处理和应答后,EMS 111与BMS的当前通信被视为已完成,且在等待了步骤402中设置的间隔时间后,可从步骤402开始进行EMS 111与BMS的下次通信。
如在图1A、图1B和图2中所示,电池组101可通过EMS 111与电池组的各种外部设备进行通信。具体而言,EMS 111的能量管理通信模块203可通过外部数据总线207向某个外部设备发送通信数据或可从外部设备接收通信数据。在这种情况下,外部设备可包括,例如,车辆控制单元(VCU)204、充电单元(充电器)206和用户界面(UI)205。外部数据总线207可与这种外部设备的通信模块相连。
在一些实施例中,外部数据总线207可采用高速有线数据通道,且通信模式可选择CAN总线方式或类似方式。在其他实例中,外部数据总线207可采用无线通信通道。
在一些情况下,连接至电池组101内部的无线数据通道113或114可与外部数据总线207相互独立。因此,在这种情况下,可以有效保证电源管理***与车辆控制单元(VCU)的通信稳定性,且可更有效地避免对VCU204与其他***的通信稳定性的干扰。
额外的实施例还提供了一种电动车辆的电池组101,其包括上述的多个电池模块131.1、131.2、…、131.n,且电池组101使用上述电动车辆电源管理***。
进一步的实施例还可提供一种包括上述电池组101、电池模块131等的电动车辆。
现在参照图5,其为可集成至或可操作地被连接至本文所述的电池管理***(BMS)、能量管理***(EMS)、车辆控制单元(VCU),以及上述的任何其他部件的计算机***或其他计算机装置500的示例性方框图。一个或多个计算机***或其他计算机装置500可控制上述的电动装置和/或部件的一个或多个方面。例如,一个或多个计算机装置500可用于实现上述的各种电池管理***132和电池模块组112、能量管理***111、车辆控制单元204、用户界面205、充电单元206。因此,这种部件可包括下面参照计算机装置500所述特性中的一些或全部。在一些实例中,计算机***或其他计算机装置500可包括平板计算机、个人数据助理、智能电话、游戏机和/或用于控制电动车辆的专用计算机***。前述计算装置中的任何特定的一个可全部或至少部分地被配置成表现出类似于计算机***500的特性。
所示的计算机装置500包括硬件元件,其可经总线502进行电联接(或可根据需要按其他方式进行通信)。硬件元件可包括处理单元,其具有一个或多个处理器504,包括但不限于一个或多个通用处理器和/或一个或多个专用处理器(如数字信号处理芯片、图形加速处理器和/或类似物);一个或多个输入装置506,其可包括但不限于方向盘、气候控制按钮或其他用户输入接收按钮和/或类似物;以及一个或多个输出装置508,其可包括但不限于展示装置(例如,计算机屏幕)、GPS和/或类似物。
计算机***500可进一步地包括一个或多个非临时性存储装置510(和/或与其通信),非临时性存储装置510可包括但不限于,本地和/或网络可访问存储装置和/或可包括但不限于磁盘驱动器、磁盘阵列(drive array)、光存储装置、固态存储装置,如随机存取存储器和/或只读存储器,其可以是可编程的、闪存可更新的和/或类似的。这种存储装置可被配置成实施任何适当的数据存储,包括但不限于各种文件***、数据库结构和/或类似物。
计算机装置500还可包括通信子***512,其可包括但不限于调制解调器、网卡(无线和/或有线的)、红外通信装置、无线通信装置和/或芯片组,如蓝牙TM装置、802.11装置、WiFi装置、WiMax装置、蜂窝通信设施,如GSM(全球移动通信***)、W-CDMA(宽带码分多址)、LTE(长期演进)等和/或类似物。通信子***512可准许与网络(仅举一例,如下述的网络)、其他计算机***和/或本文所述的任何其他装置进行数据交换。在许多实施例中,计算机***500将进一步地包括工作存储器514,其可包括随机存取存储器和/或只读存储器装置,如上所述。
计算机装置500可还包括软件元件,其被示为当前位于工作存储器514内,其包括操作***516、装置驱动器、可执行库和/或其他代码,如一个或多个应用程序518,其可包括通过各种实施例所提供的计算机程序和/或可被设计成实施方法和/或配置通过其他实施例所提供的***,如本文所述。通过示例的方式,关于上面所讨论的方法而描述的一个或多个过程和/或***部件可被实施为可由计算机(和/或计算机内的处理器)执行的代码和/或指令;在一个方面,这种代码和/或指令可随后用于配置和/或改装通用计算机(或其他装置)以根据所述的方法进行一个或多个操作。
一组这些指令和/或代码可被存储在非临时性计算机可读存储介质,如上所述的存储装置510中。在一些情况下,存储介质可被并入在计算机***,如计算机***500内。在其他实施例中,存储介质可与计算机***相分离(例如,可移动介质,如闪存)和/或被设置在安装包中,从而可使用存储介质以用在其上存储的指令/代码对通用计算机进行编程、配置和/或改装。这些指令可采用可由计算机装置500执行的可执行代码的形式和/或可采用在编译和/或安装在计算机***500上(例如,使用各种一般可用的编译器、安装程序、压缩/解压缩实用程序等中的任何一种)后采用可执行代码的形式的源和/或可安装代码的形式。
显而易见的是,可根据特定要求进行相当大的变化。例如,也可使用定制的硬件,和/或可以在硬件、软件(包括便携式软件,如小程序等)或两者中实施特定的元件。进一步地,也可采用至其他计算装置,如网络输入/输出装置的连接。
如上面所提及的,在一个方面,一些实施例可采用计算机***(如计算机装置500)执行根据本实用新型的各种实施例的方法。根据一组实施例,这种方法的程序中的一些或所有步骤是通过计算机***500进行的以响应于处理器504执行在工作存储器514内含有的一个或多个指令(其可被并入至操作***516和/或其他代码中,如应用程序518)的一个或多个序列。这种指令可从另一个计算机可读取介质,如存储装置510中的一个或多个被读取至工作存储器514中。仅以示例的方式,执行被包含在工作存储器514中的指令的序列可使处理器504执行本文所述方法的一个或多个步骤。
如本文所使用的术语“机器可读介质”和“计算机可读介质”可指任何参与提供使机器按特定方式进行操作的数据的非临时性介质。在使用计算机装置500实施的一个实施例中,各种计算机可读介质可能涉及将指令/代码提供至处理器504以供执行和/或可用于存储和/或载有这种指令/代码。在许多实施方式中,计算机可读介质是物理和/或有形的存储介质。这种介质可采用非易失性介质或易失性介质的形式。非易失性介质可包括,例如,光和/或磁盘,诸如存储装置510。易失性介质可包括但不限于,动态存储器,诸如工作存储器514。
物理和/或有形的计算机可读介质的示例形式可包括软盘、软磁盘、硬盘、磁带或任何其他磁介质、光盘,任何其它光学介质、ROM、RAM等、任何其他存储器芯片或磁片盒或计算机可从其读取指令和/或代码的任何其他介质。计算机可读介质的各种形式可涉及将一个或多个指令的一个或多个序列运送至处理器504以供执行。举例来说,指令最初可载于远程计算机的磁盘和/或光盘上。远程计算机可将指令加载到其动态存储器中并通过传输介质将指令作为待计算机***500接收和/或执行的信号进行发送。
通信子***512(和/或其部件)通常将接收信号,且总线502随后可将信号(和/或由信号载有的数据、指令等)运送至工作存储器514,处理器504从该工作存储器514检索和执行指令。可选地,通过工作存储器514所接收的指令可在处理器504执行之前或之后被存储在非临时性存储装置510上。
应进一步理解的是,计算机装置500的部件可分布在网络上。例如,可使用第一处理器在一个位置进行一些处理,同时可通过远离第一处理器的另一个处理器进行其他处理。计算机***500的其他部件可按类似的方式进行分布。因此,计算机装置500可被解释为在多个位置进行处理的分布式计算***。在一些情况下,取决于环境,计算机***500可被解释为单个计算装置,如不同的笔记本电脑、台式计算机或类似物。
某些实施例的实例
在第一示例性实施例中,可提供一种电动车辆电源管理***(100)以管理多个电池模块(131.1、131.2、...、131.n),其中多个电池模块(131.1、131.2、...、131.n)中的每个电池模块(131.i)(i=1、2、...、n)包括一个或多个电池单元,电动车辆电源管理***包括:多个电池管理***(BMS)(132.1、132.2、...、132.n),其中多个电池管理***(BMS)(132.1、132.2、...、132.n)中的每个电池管理***(132.i)(i=1、2、...、n)与相应的电池模块(131.i)相连以管理在相应的电池模块(131.i)中的一个或多个电池单元;能量管理***(EMS)(111),其中能量管理***(111)管理多个电池管理***(131.1、131.2、...、131.n),其中电动车辆电源管理***还包括:无线数据通道(113)、无线数据通道(113)由用于在能量管理***(111)和多个电池管理***(132.1、132.2、...、132.n)之间进行数据通信的一个无线频道组成;能量管理***(111)设有能量管理处理器(201)和能量管理通信模块(203);每个电池管理***(132.i)设有电池管理处理器(211.i)和电池管理通信模块(213.i);每个电池管理***(132.i)设有唯一的电池管理***地址(ID.i);能量管理通信模块(203)使用无线频道向每个电池管理***(132.i)同时发送命令,且命令载有标识当前被选电池管理***(132.j)(j=l、2、...、n)的地址(ID.j);每个电池管理通信模块(213.i)从能量管理通信模块(203)接收命令;每个电池管理处理器(211.i)根据命令中的地址(ID.j)判断是否要对接收的命令进行处理和应答;当前被选电池管理***(132.j)的电池管理处理器(211.j)判断是否需要对接收的命令进行处理和应答,并随后对接收的命令进行处理和应答。
第二示例性实施例可包括第一示例性实施例的电动车辆电源管理***,其中命令是请求数据命令;在当前被选电池管理***(132.j)的电池管理处理器(211.j)判断需要对接收的命令进行处理和应答时,当前被选电池管理***(132.j)的电池管理通信模块(213.j)使用无线频道向能量管理***(111)回复请求数据。
第三示例性实施例可包括第一示例性实施例的电动车辆电源管理***,其中在当前被选电池管理***(132.j)完成对被发送至当前被选电池管理***(132.j)的命令的处理和应答后,能量管理***(111)更新标识待选电池管理***的地址(ID.j+1)并因此选择下一个当前被选电池管理***(132.j+1)。
第四示例性实施例可包括第三示例性实施例的电动车辆电源管理***,其中能量管理***(111)连续且相继地更新标识待选电池管理***的地址,从而不断选择下一个当前被选电池管理***直至已完成向多个电池管理***(131.1、131.2、…、131.n)中的每一个发送相应的命令。
第五示例性实施例可包括第一示例性实施例的电动车辆电源管理***,其中在向电池管理***(131.1、131.2、…、131.n)发送命令前,能量管理***(111)将载有标识当前被选电池管理***(132.j)(j=l、2、...、n)的地址(ID.j)的验证信号发送至电池管理***(131.1、131.2、…、131.n)并根据当前被选电池管理***(132.j)(j=l、2、...、n)所回复的验证应答信号判断是否存在异常。
第六示例性实施例可包括第五示例性实施例的电动车辆电源管理***,其中如果能量管理***(111)判断存在异常,能量管理***(111)则进入故障诊断流程。
第七示例性实施例可包括第三示例性实施例的电动车辆电源管理***,其中能量管理***(111)设置通信间隔时间,从而使能量管理***(111)的处理器(201)控制从与当前被选电池管理***(132.j)的通信的完成时刻到与下一个被选电池管理***(132.j+1)的通信的开始时刻的时间间隔。
在第八示例性实施例中,可提供一种用于管理多个电池模块(131.1、131.2、...、131.n)的电动车辆电源管理***(100),其中多个电池模块(131.1、131.2、...、131.n)中的每个电池模块(131.i)(i=1、2、...、n)包括一个或多个电池单元,电动车辆电源管理***包括:多个电池管理***(BMS)(131.1、131.2、...、131.n),其中多个电池管理***(132.1、132.2、...、132.n)中的每个电池管理***(132.i)(i=1、2、...、n)对应于电池模块(131.i),且每个电池管理***(132.i)用于管理电池模块(131.i)中的一个或多个电池单元;能量管理***(EMS)(111),其中能量管理***(111)管理多个电池管理***(132.1、132.2、...、132.n),其中电动车辆电源管理***还包括:无线数据通道(114),无线数据通道(114)由多个无线频道(114.1、114.2、...、114.n)所组成,且多个电池管理***(132.1、132.2、...、132.n)中的每个电池管理***(132.i)使用多个无线频道(114.1、114.2、...、114.n)中的相应的无线频道(114.i)与能量管理***(111)进行通信;能量管理***(111)设有能量管理通信模块(203);多个电池管理***(BMS)(132.1、132.2、...、132.n)中的每个电池管理***(132.i)设有电池管理通信模块(213.i);能量管理通信模块(203)使用无线频道向多个电池管理***中的一个电池管理***(132.i)发送命令或同时向多个电池管理***中的多个电池管理***发送命令;多个电池管理***中的一个或多个电池管理***通过其各自的电池管理通信模块接收命令并在接收命令后对该命令进行处理和应答。
第九示例性实施例可包括第八示例性实施例的电动车辆电源管理***,其中多个无线频道(114.1、114.2、...、114.n)中的每一个对应于唯一的电池管理***地址(ID)。
第十示例性实施例可包括第八示例性实施例的电动车辆电源管理***,其中在将命令发送至一个或多个电池管理***前,能量管理***(111)将验证信号发送至一个或多个电池管理***并根据一个或多个电池管理***所回复的验证应答信号判断是否存在异常。
第十一示例性实施例可包括第十或第八示例性实施例的电动车辆电源管理***,其中如果能量管理***(111)判断存在异常,能量管理***(111)则进入故障诊断流程。
第十二示例性实施例可包括第一示例性实施例的电动车辆电源管理***,其中能量管理***(111)设置通信间隔时间,从而使能量管理***(111)的处理器(201)控制从与电池管理***的当前通信到与电池管理***的下一次通信的时间间隔。
第十三示例性实施例可包括第一至第十二示例性实施例中的任何一个的电动车辆电源管理***,还包括:外部数据总线(207),其中外部数据总线(207)与能量管理***(111)相连以从能量管理***(111)发送通信数据或从外部接收通信数据;外部数据总线与车辆控制单元(204)、充电单元(206)和用户界面(205)中的至少一个通信连接以进行双向数据通信。
第十四示例性实施例可包括一种电动车辆的电池组(101),其中,电池组(101)包括:多个电池模块(131.1、131.2、...、131.n),且电池组(101)使用第一至第十三示例性实施例中任何一个的电动车辆电源管理***。
第十五示例性实施例可包括一种电动车辆,其包括第十四示例性实施例的电动车辆的电池组(101)。
尽管已参考附图中所示的具体实施例对本实用新型进行了描述,但是应当理解,在不背离本实用新型的精神、范围和背景下,本实用新型所提供的充电***和充电方法可具有许多变化。本领域的普通技术人员仍将意识到,在本实用新型所公开的实施例中的参数可按不同的方式进行改变,且这些改变均落在本实用新型和权利要求的精神和范围内。
Claims (11)
1.一种用于管理多个电池模块的电动车辆电源管理***,所述电动车辆电源管理***包括:
多个电池模块(131.1,131.2,...,131.n),所述电池模块(131.1,131.2,...,131.n)包括一个或多个电池单元;
多个电池管理***(132.1,132.2,...,132.n),每个所述电池管理***(132.1,132.2,...,132.n)包括电池管理处理器(211.1,211.2,...,211.n)、电池管理通信模块(213.1,213.2,...,213.n)和唯一的电池管理***地址,其中所述多个电池管理***(132.1,132.2,...,132.n)中的每一个被连接至相应的电池模块(131.1,131.2,...,131.n)且被配置成管理其相应的电池模块的一个或多个电池单元;
能量管理***(111),所述能量管理***(111)包括能量管理处理器(201)和能量管理通信模块(203);
至少一个无线数据通道(115;114.1,114.2,...,114.n);
其中所述能量管理***(111)中的能量管理通信模块(203)与所述至少一个无线数据通道(115;114.1,114.2,...,114.n)的一端相连接,
其中所述多个电池管理***(132.1,132.2,...,132.n)中的电池管理通信模块(213.1,213.2,...,213.n)与所述至少一个无线数据通道(115;114.1,114.2,...,114.n)的另一端相连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电动车辆电源管理***,其中:
所述多个电池管理通信模块(213.1,213.2,...,213.n)共同与一个无线数据通道(115)相连,或
所述多个电池管理通信模块(213.1,213.2,...,213.n)与一个无线数据通道(114.1,114.2,...,114.n)相连。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电动车辆电源管理***,其中:
所述电池管理***地址用于标识所述多个电池管理***(132.1,132.2,...,132.n)中的一个特定的电池管理***(132.1,132.2,...,132.n)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电动车辆电源管理***,其中:
所述每个所述电池管理***(132.1,132.2,...,132.n)包括电池管理处理器(211.1,211.2,...,211.n)、电池管理存储器(212.1,212.2,...,212.n)、电池管理通信模块(213.1,213.2,...,213.n),电压检测电路(214.1,214.2,...,214.n)和温度检测电路(215.1,215.2,...,215.n);
所述电池管理存储器(212.1,212.2,...,212.n)、电池管理通信模块(213.1,213.2,...,213.n),电压检测电路(214.1,214.2,...,214.n)和温度检测电路(215.1,215.2,...,215.n)分别与所述电池管理处理器(211.1,211.2,...,211.n)相连接,并通过所述电池管理处理器(211.1,211.2,...,211.n)读写数据;
所述电压检测电路(214.1,214.2,...,214.n)和温度检测电路(215.1,215.2,...,215.n)用于实时的检测相应的电池模块的电压和温度,并将数据存储在所述电池管理存储器中(212.1,212.2,...,212.n)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电动车辆电源管理***,其中
所述能量管理***(111)包括能量管理处理器(201)、能量管理存储器(202)和能量管理通信模块(203);
所述能量管理通信模块(203)与每个所述电池管理通信模块(213.1,213.2,...,213.n)通信连接。
6.根据权利要求5所述的电动车辆电源管理***,其中
所述能量管理通信模块(203)与外部数据总线(207)相连接,
所述能量管理通信模块(203)可通过外部数据总线(207)向外部设备发送通信数据或可从外部设备接收通信数据。
7.根据权利要求6所述的电动车辆电源管理***,其中
能量管理***(111)通过所述外部数据总线(207)与车辆控制单元(204)、充电单元(206)和用户界面(205)通信连接。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电动车辆电源管理***,其中
所述外部数据总线(207)是高速有线数据通道,且通信模式是CAN总线方式。
9.根据权利要求7所述的电动车辆电源管理***,其中
所述外部数据总线(207)是无线通信通道。
10.根据权利要求7所述的电动车辆电源管理***,其中
电池模块组包括所述电池模块(131.1,131.2,...,131.n)和电池管理***(132.1,132.2,...,132.n);
所述电池模块组、能量管理***(111)、车辆控制单元(204)、用户界面(205)和充电单元(206)可以被一个或多个计算机装置(500)实现。
11.根据权利要求10所述的电动车辆电源管理***,其中
所述计算机装置(500)包括处理单元,所述处理单元包括:
一个或多个处理器(504),其包括一个或多个通用处理器和/或一个或多个专用处理器;
一个或多个输入装置(506),其可包括方向盘、气候控制按钮或其他用户输入接收按钮;
以及一个或多个输出装置(508),其可包括展示装置、GPS。
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- 2016-07-20 US US15/215,254 patent/US10144304B2/en active Active
- 2016-08-05 US US15/230,293 patent/US9895995B2/en active Active
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2017
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN110896157A (zh) * | 2018-09-12 | 2020-03-20 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 能量存储*** |
CN115828250A (zh) * | 2022-01-07 | 2023-03-21 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 生产电池管理***的方法和启动电池管理***的方法 |
CN115828250B (zh) * | 2022-01-07 | 2024-01-26 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 生产电池管理***的方法和启动电池管理***的方法 |
CN117239937A (zh) * | 2023-11-10 | 2023-12-15 | 深圳海辰储能科技有限公司 | 一种电池管理***的数据交互方法、装置和存储介质 |
CN117239937B (zh) * | 2023-11-10 | 2024-01-30 | 深圳海辰储能科技有限公司 | 一种电池管理***的数据交互方法、装置和存储介质 |
CN117523940A (zh) * | 2024-01-08 | 2024-02-06 | 深圳风向标教育资源股份有限公司 | 动力电池管理***及实训教学平台 |
CN117523940B (zh) * | 2024-01-08 | 2024-04-19 | 深圳风向标教育资源股份有限公司 | 动力电池管理***及实训教学平台 |
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US9499067B2 (en) | 2016-11-22 |
US20180126864A1 (en) | 2018-05-10 |
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US10144304B2 (en) | 2018-12-04 |
US20160339797A1 (en) | 2016-11-24 |
US9895995B2 (en) | 2018-02-20 |
US20160272085A1 (en) | 2016-09-22 |
US20160325638A1 (en) | 2016-11-10 |
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