CN202857458U - Micro-irrigation system utilizing water from Yellow River and other water containing silt and water-saving plant cultivation system - Google Patents
Micro-irrigation system utilizing water from Yellow River and other water containing silt and water-saving plant cultivation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN202857458U CN202857458U CN 201220576358 CN201220576358U CN202857458U CN 202857458 U CN202857458 U CN 202857458U CN 201220576358 CN201220576358 CN 201220576358 CN 201220576358 U CN201220576358 U CN 201220576358U CN 202857458 U CN202857458 U CN 202857458U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a micro-irrigation system utilizing water from the Yellow River and other water containing silt and a water-saving plant cultivation system. The micro-irrigation system is used for leading the water containing the silt from a water source to a plantation and conducting micro-irrigation on plants in the plantation. The micro-irrigation system comprises a micro-irrigation belt which is a poly ethylene (PE) plastic pipe provided with a plurality of overflow micro-pores along the length direction of the micro-irrigation belt. The micro-irrigation belt is arranged on the ground of the plantation, wherein one end of the micro-irrigation belt is communicated with the water source, and the other end of the micro-irrigation belt is sealed. The water from the water source flows through the micro-irrigation belt and overflows from the overflow micro-pores in the micro-irrigation belt to irrigate the plants. By means of the micro-irrigation system, the water containing the silt does not need to be filtered or settled, an original water conveying canal does not need to be changed, power consumption for pressurization is not needed, and the water from the Yellow River and other water rich in silt can be micro-sprayed to roots of the plants for the micro-irrigation just by utilizing water pressure of the water conveying canal. Besides, the micro-irrigation technology of the micro-irrigation system can also be combined with the plant root control cultivation technology so that waste of the water leaking from soil is further reduced.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the water saving field, is specifically related to water-saving irrigation.
Background technology
As far back as 1988, World Commission on Environment and Development according to the document: " water resource is replacing oil becomes the subject matter that provokes a crisis in the whole world ".Water resource lacks has become the common problems of concern of mankind nowadays society.China is water resource 2200m per capita
3, 1/4 of not enough world average level is the country of a water resource famine, and along with population increase and industrial expansion, breach can be increasing in the future.
The Ningxia Plain in China western part, southern Xinjiang, Hexi Corridor In Gansu and the Hetao area, Inner Mongol, precipitation rare (15-300mm), evaporation discharge very big (more than the 3000mm) relies on Huanghe water fully and agricultural production is carried out in the snow mountain thawing-water irrigation.
In the two sides, the Yellow River such as Yinchuan areas, because the special architectural characteristic of sand and strong atmospheric evaporation, irrigation quantity is generally at 1000m between every mu of year
3More than, leak and caused very large water resource waste with evaporation from land surface.In Yinchuan, the tableland, two sides, the Yellow River of Lanzhou and the Inner Mongol river bend, in recent years developed a large amount of soils by the electric power water lift.But these soils mostly are sand, also have the chad layer below the sandy soil layer that has, and to leak seriously fertile with Louing, and between every mu of year there be water consumption even up to 2000m
3, irrigation cost is significantly improved, also limited the further exploitation of sandy bare land.Although water resource is not enough, the locality is still adopted traditional furrow irrigation and flood irrigation mode so far, has not only wasted water resource, has also brought the seepage of soluble nutrient and the bad harm such as the soil salinization of physical features lower region.
In addition, a large amount of water intakings in Upper-middle Reaches of The Yellow River area make the downstream river course discharge reduction, the phenomenon that stops often occurs at dry year, bring about great losses for the national economic development of Lower Reaches.Therefore change irrigation method, the exploitation water-saving technology improves water use efficiency, reduces existing irrigation water consumption, and the national economic development in area, the Huanghe valley is significant.
At present, the soil water consumption of arid or semiarid zone mainly is made of three parts: soil percolation dehydration and river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi, ground stream (accounting for more than 50% of dehydration), evaporation from land surface dehydration (accounting for more than 20%) and plant transpiration dehydration.Wherein soil percolation dehydration (contain river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi stream) and evaporation from land surface dehydration are almost without any physiology and production realistic meaning, are proper wastes.And the transpiration of plant is neither 100% meaningful, and by some biologies and cultivation step, it is feasible that transpiration is reduced to the degree that does not affect crop growth.Therefore, correspondingly, the main path of water saving blocking-up is arranged or reduce that soil leaks, evaporation from land surface and reduction crop transpiration water consumption.
Drip irrigation is at present the most effective water-saving technology of the whole world, can lentamente moisture be supplied with to plant root, can avoid irrigating through furrow and the moisture deep percolation that causes of flood irrigation, and the ground moistening area is little, can effectively reduce evaporation from land surface.But drip irrigation needs water cleaning, contains the Huanghe water meeting blocking dropping head of silt and drips a part, is difficult to carry out.Even adopt the cleaning water sources such as well water, the complicated equipment such as drip irrigation still needs to filter, pressurization, the price of drip irrigation pipe is also very high, and disposable input is high, and equipment maintenance cost is high.And drip irrigation must be pressurizeed, and power consumption, and operating cost is also high.
Therefore, the utility model will provide a kind of more energy-conservation, more effective and be not subjected to the micro irrigation technology of water quality impact.
The utility model content
The purpose of this utility model provides a kind ofly need not filter, need not precipitate, need not change original conveyance canal, without power consumption, only utilize the own hydraulic pressure of conveyance canal that Huanghe water etc. is rich in the little micro irrigation technology that is sprayed onto crop root of silt water.
The utility model principle
In order to reduce soil water consumption, a method is blocking-up or reduces the soil leakage.The approach of blocking-up soil percolation has two: one is to cut off linking of rhizosphere soil and subsoil, Soil Surrounding with materials impervious to water such as plastic foils, and irrigation water just can not be to underground and rhizosphere seepage in the ranks in addition; Another is the micro irrigation technologies such as application drip irrigation, controls moistening soil depth and scope, also can avoid deep percolation.
Other method is to reduce evaporation from land surface.The approach that reduces evaporation from land surface has three: the one, and by restriction plant root growth scope, irrigation water is the soil of moistening plant rhizosphere only, and disengagement area reduces, and evaporation discharge has just reduced naturally; The secondth, use the micro irrigation technology control wetted areas such as drip irrigation, can reduce evaporation; The 3rd is evaporation from land surface to be reduced to minimum by cover grass, mulch film, gravel etc. on ground.
Another method is to reduce transpiration water consumption.Reduce transpiration water consumption and be the further key link of water saving, in various measures to coerce the most feasible and practical value of irrigation (deficit irrigation).Utilize exactly the water saving technology such as drip irrigation, the moistening degree of regulating plant rhizosphere soil or the frequency of alternation of wetting and drying cause the slight water stress of root system of plant part or short time, squeeze out the luxury consumption of plant moisture, reduce water consumption.Coerce irrigation and in water saving, can promote photosynthetic product to the transfer of economic organ, improve yield of commercial crops and quality.
The utility model utilizes original conveyance canal to be higher than the differential water pressures that ground, plantation forms, and simultaneously the structure of irrigation system is designed, and has realized utilizing Huanghe water etc. to contain silt water and has carried out slight irrigation such as plants such as grapes.
In addition, micro irrigation technology of the present utility model also is combined with plant control root water saving cultivation technique, has further reduced soil water consumption.
The technical solution adopted in the utility model
For achieving the above object, the utility model provides a kind of irrigation system, is used for will containing silt water or not containing silt water draining into the plantation and the plant in the plantation being carried out slight irrigation, it is characterized in that:
Described irrigation system comprises water source and Microirrigation belt, and described Microirrigation belt is provided with a plurality of spilling water micropores along the length direction of Microirrigation belt;
Described Microirrigation belt is arranged on the ground in plantation, and an end of described Microirrigation belt is communicated to the water source, other end sealing; And
Can in Microirrigation belt, trickle and spilling water micropore from Microirrigation belt overflows that plant is carried out slight irrigation from the water at described water source.
In one preferred embodiment, preferably, described Microirrigation belt is the PE plastic tube, and when described Microirrigation belt was arranged on the plantation, described Microirrigation belt formed the gradient of 0-0.7% along its length with ground level.
In another preferred embodiment, preferably, described Microirrigation belt diameter is 5.0cm-15.0cm.
In another preferred embodiment, preferably, the length of described Microirrigation belt is 30m-100m.
In another preferred embodiment, preferably, be provided with along its length 1 row or 2 overflowing water micropores on the described Microirrigation belt, the distance in the same overflowing water micropore between adjacent two spilling water micropores is 30cm-60cm.
In another preferred embodiment, preferably, the diameter of the spilling water micropore on the described Microirrigation belt is 1.5mm-2.5mm.
In another preferred embodiment, preferably, described irrigation system also comprises aqueduct and water main, and described aqueduct one end is connected with the water source, and the other end is connected with described water main; And being provided with along its length a plurality of openings on the described water main, each described open communication connects a described Microirrigation belt.
In another preferred embodiment, preferably, the described silt water that contains is Huanghe water, utilizes the Huanghe water gravity flow hydraulic pressure in the conveyance canal of field that driving force is provided, so that the Huanghe water that contains silt overflows from the spilling water micropore of described Microirrigation belt, and does not stop up described spilling water micropore.
In another preferred embodiment, preferably, described water source is the water in original water channel in the plantation, and the high 30-70cm in ground in the water table ratio plantation of described water channel, the water that flows into described Microirrigation belt from water channel thus is because the difference in height between water channel and the plantation and pressurized, so that water can overflow from described spilling water micropore.
In another preferred embodiment, preferably, described irrigation system also comprises aqueduct, and described aqueduct one end is connected with the water source, and the other end is connected with described Microirrigation belt.
In another preferred embodiment, preferably, described irrigation water is to contain Sha Shui, and preferably, silt content is 0-100g/L water.
In another preferred embodiment, preferably, described irrigation water is the Yellow River (containing sand) water or the Changjiang river (containing sand) water.
The utility model also provides a Plants water-saving culture system, it is characterized in that, comprising:
The field planting ditch that is used for planting plants on the plantation;
Cover the plastic foil on furrow bank and the bottom of trench, wherein, only staying along its length width in the middle of the bottom of trench is the zone plastic covering film not of 10cm-20cm, open so that the soil outside field planting ditch and the ditch is completely cut off, prevent that the water in the ditch from unnecessarily infiltrating in the outer soil of ditch and so that the root of plant does not extend outside the ditch; And
Irrigation system recited above is to irrigate the plant in the described field planting ditch.
Preferably, plant water-saving culture of the present utility model system is particularly suited for grape or matrimony vine or the willow etc. by a line spacing succeeding planting.
The above-mentioned plant cultivation system forests such as the timber Trees such as the fruit trees such as cultivating grape or matrimony vine and willow that are particularly suited for embarking on journey at a certain distance.
The utility model has utilized Huanghe water etc. to contain silt water, and water level is higher than ground, plantation, by to can avoid silt to stop up, not need filter plant, the gravity flow hydraulic pressure micro irrigation technologies such as Huanghe water of the pressurization that do not need to consume energy carry out systematic research, determined the technical parameters such as the specification of the used Microirrigation belt of slight irrigation and service condition, realized utilizing and carried out the slight irrigation in botanical garden such as the differential water pressures of the original conveyance canals in plantation such as vineyard.
Pass through the utility model, neither have silt and stop up the spilling water micropore, the energy consumption of the drip irrigation of not pressurizeing again, and the soil colloid clay composition that Huanghe water can be rich in flows to soil losslessly and can improve arenaceous texture, and the complicated equipment such as do not need to filter, invest cheap.Therefore, the utility model provide Huanghe water etc. contain the silt water source need not filter, need not precipitate, need not change original conveyance canal, without power consumption (energy), only utilize the own hydraulic pressure of conveyance canal Huanghe water etc. to be full of the little micro irrigation technology that is sprayed onto crop root of irrigation water of silt particulate, it is simple and easy to have operation, without specialized company install, the characteristics such as equipment investment is few, the operation and maintenance cost is low.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows the structural representation vertical view according to the first embodiment of irrigation system of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 illustrates the schematic sectional front view according to the first embodiment of irrigation system of the present utility model;
Fig. 3 illustrates the schematic plan according to the second embodiment of irrigation system of the present utility model;
Fig. 4 illustrates the structural representation front view according to the first embodiment of Microirrigation belt of the present utility model, for clarity sake, only intercepts one section Microirrigation belt;
Fig. 5 illustrates the structural representation cutaway sectional view according to the first embodiment of Microirrigation belt of the present utility model;
Fig. 6 illustrates the structural representation front view according to the second embodiment of Microirrigation belt of the present utility model, for clarity sake, only intercepts one section Microirrigation belt;
Fig. 7 illustrates the structural representation of the system that irrigation system of the present utility model combines with plant control root water saving cultivation technique;
Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 illustrate Microirrigation belt spilling water micropore size to the curve map of the impact of each spilling water micropore spilling water uniformity of Microirrigation belt;
Figure 10 illustrates head fall and pitch of holes to the curve map of the impact of the spilling water micropore spilling water uniformity;
Figure 11-13 illustrates Microirrigation belt length to the curve map of the impact of the spilling water micropore spilling water uniformity; And
Figure 14-16 illustrates Microirrigation belt gradient (gradient) to the curve map of the impact of the spilling water micropore spilling water uniformity.
Embodiment
Below with reference to accompanying drawing preferred embodiment of the present utility model is elaborated, in order to clearlyer understand the purpose of this utility model, characteristics and advantage.It should be understood that embodiment shown in the drawings is not the restriction to the utility model scope, and just for the connotation of technical solutions of the utility model is described.In the accompanying drawing, each structure is drawn not according to actual ratio, but for the sake of clarity, some structure has been carried out convergent-divergent.
Herein, gradient is defined as the height fall of per hundred meters length/100 * 100%, and when for example length direction extended 100 meters, height fall was 0.3 meter, and then gradient is 0.3%.
Herein, micro irrigation pipe and Microirrigation belt refer to for the member that Plants is irrigated, and according to the profile of this member, can be described as micro irrigation pipe or Microirrigation belt, and the two can be replaced mutually.
Fig. 1 shows the structural representation vertical view according to the first embodiment of irrigation system of the present utility model.Irrigation system is used for guiding to the water of water channel in the plantation and the plant in the plantation being carried out slight irrigation irrigate, and wherein, the ground in the water table ratio plantation of water channel is high, preferably, is higher than ground, plantation 30-70cm.As shown in Figure 1, irrigation system comprises water source (conveyance canal etc.), Microirrigation belt 1(in use in a tubular form, so also can be described as micro irrigation pipe), an end of Microirrigation belt 1 is connected to conveyance canal 2, other end sealing.Be provided with along its length a plurality of spilling water micropore 1a on the Microirrigation belt 1.Be two overflowing water micropore 1a among the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the spilling water micropore size is 1.5mm, and spilling water micropore corresponding in the two overflowing water micropores is interior apart from 2-3cm, and same row's spilling water micropore spacing is 30-60cm.The water of conveyance canal 2 can flow through Microirrigation belt 1, and the spilling water micropore 1a from Microirrigation belt 1 overflows, thereby to carrying out slight irrigation such as the plants such as grape 5 in the plantation 3.Can be as required, the Microirrigation belt 1 of right quantity for example is set according to the quantity of the area in the plantation that will irrigate and Plants.
Fig. 2 illustrates the schematic sectional front view according to the first embodiment of irrigation system of the present utility model.As shown in Figure 2, the water surface elevation of conveyance canal 2 and Microirrigation belt 1 exist difference in height, be that conveyance canal 2 exists differential water pressures with Microirrigation belt 1, thus, after water 4 in the conveyance canal 2 flows in the Microirrigation belt 1, water in the Microirrigation belt 1 trickles from the Guan Shouxiang pipe is terminal under the pressure-acting of water in a canal, and outwards overflows by spilling water micropore 1a, thereby Plants 5 is carried out slight irrigation.By the diameter that Microirrigation belt 1 is set, the pore size of spilling water micropore 1a and the line space of plant, can realize utilizing original conveyance canal that Plants is carried out slight irrigation, thereby greatly reduce irrigation water, hereinafter will be described in more detail.
Fig. 3 illustrates the schematic plan of the second embodiment of irrigation system of the present utility model.Among the embodiment shown in Fig. 1-2, every Microirrigation belt is communicated to water channel 2 by aqueduct 6 separately.And the difference of present embodiment is, a plurality of micro irrigation pipes share an aqueduct and a water main 7.Water main 7 is provided with a plurality of openings, and micro irrigation pipe 1 is by the open communication on straight-through or threeway etc. and the water main 7, and then is communicated with water main.
One end of water main 7 is communicated with conveyance canal 2 by aqueduct, and the other end leads to drain ditch 8.When slight irrigation was irrigate, the end that water main 7 leads to drain ditch 8 was blocked with plug etc., and was irrigating when finishing, and took off plug, so that the residue water in the water main 7 is emptying, prevented shoal materials in water main 7.Water main 7 and aqueduct preferably are the pvc pipe material, use appropriate to the occasionly to imbed undergroundly, and are connected with drain ditch 8 with certain gradient (preferably gradient 0.1-0.5%), prevent shoal materials in water main 7.
The diameter of water main 7 and length and and the quantity of the Microirrigation belt 1 that connects of water main 7 can set according to the head fall (difference in height) of irrigating between needs and water channel and the water main.For example, when head fall (discrepancy in elevation) is 50cm, if setting Microirrigation belt is that 3m(namely arranges a Microirrigation belt every 3m in branch's density of water main), when the caliber of water main is 160mm, water main is the longest to be 129 meters, but 43 of the diameter 50mm of branch Microirrigation belts, and during long 80 meters of water main, 27 of diameter 50mm Microirrigation belts can be installed.
In addition, according to the actual irrigation needs, also can adopt other forms of irrigation system.For example, adopt the system that the irrigation system among above-mentioned two embodiment is combined, perhaps Microirrigation belt directly is communicated to the system (Fig. 1) of water channel, as long as the water in the water channel can be guided in the plantation by Microirrigation belt, and can utilize the difference in height between water channel and the plantation so that the glassware for drinking water in the Microirrigation belt has certain pressure (pressure that water is outwards overflowed by the spilling water micropore) to get final product.
In the various embodiments described above, preferably, Microirrigation belt is the soft band of plastic film (pipe).Preferably Microirrigation belt length is 30-100 rice, and more preferably length is 30-70 rice, and length is 30-50 rice best.
When the plantation row to (being the length direction of Microirrigation belt 1) gradient less than 0.3% the time, micro irrigation pipe length can reach 70 meters-100 meters, when gradient greater than 0.3% but less than 0.7% the time, then need suitably to shorten the length of micro irrigation pipe, the plantation row to gradient should be less than 1.0%.In other words, gradient is less, and then the length of Microirrigation belt can be longer, and gradient is less, and irrigation effect is better.
Preferably, the diameter of Microirrigation belt more preferably, between 5.0cm to 10.0cm, is 5.0cm between 5.0cm to 15.0cm best.Yet, one skilled in the art will understand that according to irrigating needs, the diameter of Microirrigation belt can be any suitable diameter, and is not limited to above-mentioned diameter if do not consider the factor such as economy.
Preferably, the spilling water micropore that is arranged on the Microirrigation belt is single or two rows, and still, those skilled in the art will understand after reading this specification, and not only two rows' spilling water micropore also can be set.Contain the many zones of quantity of sand and mud at irrigation water, the aperture of spilling water micropore preferably is 1.5-2.5mm, more preferably is 1.5-2.0mm.And no matter the spilling water micropore is single or double, and its spacing along the Microirrigation belt length direction is advisable with 30-60cm.But, one skilled in the art will understand that by limited experiment number, also can find spilling water micropore size that other are suitable and the distance value between the spilling water micropore, and be not limited to above-mentioned numerical value.
In Microirrigation belt, two overflowing water micropores are positioned opposite in twos, and as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, the spacing between the corresponding spilling water micropore on the two overflowing water micropores between 2cm to 3cm, more preferably is 2cm preferably.Perhaps, but the spilling water micropore interlaced arrangement on the two overflowing water micropores, as shown in Figure 6.
Fig. 7 illustrates the structural representation of the layout that irrigation system of the present utility model combines with plant control root water saving cultivation technique.As shown in Figure 7, dig the field planting ditch 9 of certain depth and one fixed width in the plantation, furrow bank and bottom of trench part plastic covering film 10 are opened so that the soil that field planting ditch 9 and ditch is outer is isolated, prevent that water in the ditch from unnecessarily infiltrating in the outer soil of ditch and so that the root of plant not outside the extended spot ditch, reaches the purpose of control root and water saving.The regional 9a that leaves along its length one fixed width in the middle of the bottom of trench is the plastic covering film not, so that when ponding is too much in ditch, for example in the situation on rainy day, ponding can infiltrate in the soil below the bottom of trench, prevent that ponding from soaking plant root, cause plant root to rot.The width in the zone of preferably, leaving along its length in the middle of bottom of trench is 10cm-20cm.
After plastic foil is laid and to be finished, with a certain amount of fertilizer (such as dried sheep excrement) with mixture 11 is inserted in the field planting ditch 9 after garden mould mixes, to subsurface certain distance (equaling the temperature layer thickness that root system of plant is avoided freeze injury).Plantation is such as the plants such as grape 5 in field planting ditch 9.Microirrigation belt 1 is placed in the ditch abreast with the longitudinal extension direction (length direction) of ditch, and the Plants 5 that is arranged in ditch is other, is used for plant 5 is carried out slight irrigation.
It should be noted that the middle material that has used plastic foil to be used as isolated field planting ditch 9 and the outer soil of ditch embodiment illustrated in fig. 7, but one skilled in the art will understand that also and can completely cut off with other suitable materials.
In addition, the area size of the not plastic covering film that the degree of depth of ditch, width and ditch bottom are reserved can be according to the vegetation type of planting, and the number of plant of planting in each ditch is determined.In one preferred embodiment, take 3 meters spacing excavation widths as 100cm, the degree of depth is the field planting ditch 9 of 70cm.By 3 tons every mu dried sheep excrement with insert in the field planting ditch 9 after garden mould mixes, to subsurface 20cm.Microirrigation belt with caliber 5.0cm, spilling water micro-pore diameter 1.5mm, spacing 30cm is communicated with irrigation canal, supplies water with water in a canal gravity flow slight irrigation.
Below on aperture, the pitch of holes of spilling water micropore on the Microirrigation belt in the irrigation system, from pressure head, laying length and terrain slope the impact of the spilling water micropore spilling water uniformity is tested.
The Microirrigation belt diameter is 5cm, and Microirrigation belt spilling water micro-pore diameter has 1.0mm, 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm; Spilling water micropore spacing has 0.15m, 0.2m, 0.3m, 0.6m, 1.2m; Stem has 0.3m, 0.5m, 0.7m from pressure head; Laying length has 10m, 20m, 30m, 40m, 50m, 60m, 70m; Terrain slope has 0.00%, 0.10%, 0.30%, 0.50%, 0.70%.
Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 illustrate Microirrigation belt spilling water micropore size to the impact of each spilling water micropore spilling water uniformity of Microirrigation belt.Shown in Fig. 8 and 9, under the identical laying length, the aperture is less, and the spilling water amount difference of each spilling water micropore is less on the same Microirrigation belt, and uniformity of irrigation water appilcation is higher.Can find out that under the 10% flow deviation rate controlled condition, the Microirrigation belt laying length in 1.5mm aperture can reach 50-70m.2.0mm and the Microirrigation belt laying length in 2.5mm aperture is about 40-50mm.
Figure 10 illustrates head fall and pitch of holes to the impact of the spilling water micropore spilling water uniformity.As shown in figure 10, under the same pitch of holes, head fall is larger, and spilling water micropore spilling water amount is larger.Under the same head fall, pitch of holes is larger, and spilling water micropore spilling water amount is larger, and large aperture spilling water micropore spilling water uniformity is subjected to the restriction of Microirrigation belt length factor unsuitable long.Therefore, at 50～70cm head pressure, under 70 meters Microirrigation belt length, select the pitch of holes of 30～60cm, the difference of single hole spilling water amount all can satisfy all once requirements (namely in the 10% flow deviation rate) of irrigation.
Figure 11-13 illustrates Microirrigation belt length to the impact of the spilling water micropore spilling water uniformity.Figure 11, Figure 12 and Figure 13 test are the spacing 30cm between the spilling water micropore that row is adjacent together, the result of the test under the head fall 50cm situation.As seen from Figure 11,1.5mm under the aperture, Microirrigation belt length 30m spilling water flow deviation rate is 2.88%, low than 50m spilling water flow deviation rate 6.43%, illustrate that Microirrigation belt is shorter, the spilling water uniformity is higher, consider economic rationality, Microirrigation belt can not be too short, considers the requirement of the flow deviation rate of economic rationality that Microirrigation belt is laid and 10%, can lay the above length of 50m.Calculate 70m Microirrigation belt flow deviation rate up to 23.28% according to this test data, wherein the front 30m flow deviation rate of 70m length is 9.12%.Consider the uncertainty of test, in conjunction with Figure 10 result of the test, can determine under the 1.5mm aperture 70 meters of the longest layings of Microirrigation belt.
Figure 13 illustrates the result of the test under the 2.5mm spilling water micro-pore diameter, and the Microirrigation belt flow deviation rate of measuring and calculating 30m and 50m laying length is 13.1% and 35.3%, and the Christian coefficient of uniformity is respectively 95.8% and 88.1%.As seen under the less condition of pitch of holes, the laying length in 2.5mm aperture very short (20m or shorter).According to test data, during pitch of holes 60cm, calculate to such an extent that the flow deviation rate under 30m, 50m, the 70m laying length is respectively 6.95%, 4.16%, 2.49%, illustrate under the 2.5mm aperture that pitch of holes 60cm, laying length can reach 70 meters.
Figure 14-16 illustrates Microirrigation belt gradient (gradient) to the impact of the spilling water micropore spilling water uniformity.Figure 14-16 is depicted as under 1.5mm aperture, 30cm pitch of holes and 30m, 50m, the 70m laying length, the measurement result of spilling water micropore spilling water amount under the different gradient.As seen from the figure, Microirrigation belt gradient (gradient) is larger, and spilling water micropore spilling water amount is larger, and the spilling water amount difference between the spilling water micropore is also larger.Under 70 meters conditions of Microirrigation belt length, Microirrigation belt gradient small (maximum 0.05%), single hole spilling water amount difference less (the flow deviation rate under 0.00% and 0.10% gradient is respectively 6.28% and 14.20%) can satisfy the needs (Figure 14) of vineyard irrigation uniformity substantially.Under 50 meters conditions of Microirrigation belt length, the Microirrigation belt gradient is not more than 0.10%, and single hole spilling water amount difference is less, and the flow deviation rate is 9.53%, substantially can satisfy the needs (Figure 15) of vineyard irrigation uniformity.Under 30 meters conditions of Microirrigation belt length, the Microirrigation belt gradient is not more than 0.7%, and single hole spilling water amount difference is less, and the flow deviation rate all about 10%, also can satisfy the needs (Figure 16) of vineyard irrigation uniformity.
Above result shows, with the PE plastic film flexible pipe of diameter 5.0cm, perforate is that 30-60cm is made into Microirrigation belt for pitch of holes in the single spilling water micropore of 1.5-2.5mm or double spilling water micropore (spacing between two holes facing mutually in the double spilling water micropore is 2-3cm), the same overflowing water micropore directly.Be lower than in the gradient under 0.3% the condition, can utilize the differential water pressures of the conveyance canal of 30-70cm irrigation water to be overflowed in the distance of 50-70 rice more equably.When the gradient was higher than 0.3%, as long as with Microirrigation belt contraction in length to 30 meter, spillway hole is more equably overflow also.1.5mm the Microirrigation belt in aperture than the overflow uniformity in other apertures to get well, laying length under the same terms is also longer.
This Microirrigation belt for the slight irrigation that contains the silt Huanghe water, can be prevented that silt from stopping up Microirrigation belt spilling water micropore, and the differential water pressures of utilizing conveyance canal to form is flow automatically to Plants such as vines.The spilling water amount deviation ratio of each spilling water micropore can be realized the even water supply of Microirrigation belt about 10%.The results showed, this technology both can avoid silt to stop up spillway hole, the energy consumption that does not need again to pressurize and irrigate, and the soil colloid clay composition of Huanghe water can be flowed to soil losslessly, and the complicated equipment such as do not need to filter, do not need to change original irrigation canal yet, can be in the area applications that does not have electrical network to cover.
In addition, through measuring and calculating, in the market, 1.07 yuan of every meter prices of this gravity flow Microirrigation belt, be that it is below 237.5 yuan that the Microirrigation belt mu that disposable plastic film flexible pipe is made drops under 3 meters the planting density at line-spacing, service life is at least more than 6 years, it is 39.6 yuan by the annual every mu of amortization charge of depreciation in 6 years, every mu of other materials drops into 478.8 yuan, and service life is more than 10 years, 47.8 yuan of the depreciations in every mu of every year, two add up to annual depreciation is 79.2 yuan, and input and use cost are lower.
Below explanation irrigation system of the present utility model combines with plant control root water saving cultivation technique and grape is counted the impact of soil moisture content
Become vine slight irrigation in age to irrigate and control method for root: become 50cm place, tree row both sides in age apart from grape, respectively dig the dark ditch of 50cm, furrow bank separates with Polypropylence Sheet, and vine row both sides spread two Microirrigation belts and pour water.The control root is processed and is established 4 row, every row 132 strains, and each processes about 1.44 mu.
Method for root is irrigate and controlled in the earsh slight irrigation: dig the field planting ditch of wide 80cm, dark 60cm in the experiment plot, bottom of trench and furrow bank spread Polypropylence Sheet, apply stalk and sheep excrement (4 side/mu), then with the table earthen backfill, field planting grape on it, spacing in the rows 80cm is at Microirrigation belt of the capable laying of grape.Earsh control root is processed and is established 4 row, every row 60 strains, and each processes about 0.54 mu.
Adopt the ditch border irrigation in contrast.
The irrigation quantity experimental design
Become the tree in age: the front end at Microirrigation belt fills a water meter, and the each irrigation quantity of control root slight irrigation vine is 41.7m
3/ mu, the each irrigation quantity of ditch border irrigation (contrast) is 83.4m
3/ mu was filled with a water in every 15-20 days, until the grape maturity phase ends.In addition, to earthing, two process irrigation quantity is 83.4m before flowering stage and after gathering
3/ mu.
Earsh: the front end at Microirrigation belt fills a water meter, and the each irrigation quantity of control root slight irrigation is 6.7m
3/ mu, the each irrigation quantity of ditch border irrigation (contrast) is 20m
3/ mu.
Grape becomes to set the soil moisture content test result age
Experiment shows that grape each irrigation quantity from the flowering stage to the fructescence of taking to control the root slight irrigation is 41.7m
3/ mu, and the irrigation quantity of ditch border irrigation (contrast) is always 83.4m
3/ mu is 2 times of control root slight irrigation.Within whole vegetative period, between two kinds of Different Irrigation Methods, 0～20cm and 20～30cm soil layer place, soil moisture content does not have notable difference; Along with the increase of soil depth, when soil depth during at 30～40cm, the soil moisture content that the slight irrigation of control root is processed is a little more than ditch border irrigation (contrast).When soil depth reaches 40～50cm, the soil moisture content that the slight irrigation of control root is processed is in 6.0%～14.0% scope, being significantly higher than ditch border irrigation (contrast), be 1.31～1.46 times of ditch border irrigation (contrast), and this trend is continued until the grape maturity phase.
Equally, grape each irrigation quantity from the flowering stage to the fructescence of taking to control the root slight irrigation is 41.7m
3/ mu, and the irrigation quantity of ditch border irrigation (contrast) is always 83.4m
3/ mu is 2 times of control root slight irrigation.8 years living cabernet sauvignon grapes for the sand ground plantation become the tree in age, and at soil layer 0～20cm, 20～30cm place, between two kinds of Different Irrigation Methods, the soil moisture content otherness is not remarkable; Along with the increase of soil depth, when soil depth during at 30～40cm, the soil moisture content that the slight irrigation of control root is processed is a little more than ditch border irrigation (contrast).When soil depth reaches 40～50cm, the soil moisture content that the slight irrigation of control root is processed is in 5.3%～14.7% scope, being significantly higher than ditch border irrigation (contrast), be 1.26～1.51 times of ditch border irrigation (contrast), and this trend is continued until the grape maturity phase.
The result shows, becomes the tree in age for grape, compares with the ditch border irrigation (flood irrigation) of routine, adopts the slight irrigation of control root to process, and has improved the water content of each layer of soil, and especially the soil moisture content at soil layer 40～50cm place significantly improves, and compares water saving 55.6% with the ditch border irrigation.
Grape earsh soil moisture content test result
The result of the test of grape earsh shows that control root slight irrigation soil moisture content remains on 6.4%～19.8% at soil 0～20cm place; The water content of ditch border irrigation (contrast) remains on 6.8%～22%.Between two kinds of irrigation methods, soil moisture content does not have obvious otherness in grape growth in the phase.
At grape treelet soil 20～30cm place, the soil moisture difference in change opposite sex is not remarkable between two kinds of processing, illustrates that controlling root compares with ditch border irrigation (contrast), under the condition of irrigation quantity minimizing 2/3, can satisfy the water demand of Growth of Grape.At grape treelet soil 30～40cm place, the soil moisture content of control root slight irrigation is compared with ditch border irrigation (contrast), and otherness is remarkable.The soil moisture content of control root slight irrigation changes in 9.5%～20.5% scope, and control root slight irrigation soil moisture content is significantly higher than ditch border irrigation (contrast).The soil moisture that the slight irrigation of control root is described accumulation occurs at this layer, can supply with the growth demand of grape root system.At grape treelet soil 40～50cm place, control root slight irrigation soil moisture content remains on 6.3%～20.4%; The water content of ditch border irrigation (contrast) remains on 5.2%～19.3%.The soil moisture content of control root slight irrigation is higher than ditch border irrigation (contrast), and both othernesses are remarkable.And this trend is continued until the grape maturity phase.Illustrate that control root slight irrigation retention capacity of soil is better than ditch border irrigation (contrast).
At grape treelet soil 30～40cm place, the water content of control root slight irrigation soil with ditch border irrigation compare, otherness is remarkable.Control root slight irrigation soil moisture content changes in 8.8%～21.3% scope; The water content ranges of ditch border irrigation is 5.2%～22.1%.The soil moisture content of control root slight irrigation is significantly higher than the ditch border irrigation.At grape treelet soil 40～50cm place, the soil moisture content otherness of two kinds of irrigation methods is remarkable, and control root slight irrigation soil moisture content remains on 6.5%～22.6%; The water content of ditch border irrigation remains on 4.8～20.1%.The soil moisture content of control root slight irrigation is higher than the ditch border irrigation, and otherness is remarkable between different disposal.Compare with the ditch border irrigation (flood irrigation) of routine, adopt the slight irrigation of control root to process, improved the water content of each layer of soil, especially the soil moisture content at soil layer 30～50cm place significantly improves, and compares with the ditch border irrigation, and water saving is more than 60%.
The utility model has utilized the water levels such as Huanghe water or water channel to be higher than the plantation land used, can form the principle of certain self-pressure, by to can avoid silt to stop up, not need filter plant, the gravity flow hydraulic pressure micro irrigation technologies such as Huanghe water of the pressurization that do not need to consume energy carry out systematic research, determined the technical parameters such as the specification of the used Microirrigation belt of slight irrigation and service condition, realized utilizing and carried out the slight irrigation in botanical garden such as the differential water pressures of the original conveyance canals in plantation such as vineyard.
By the utility model, neither have silt and stop up the spilling water micropore, the energy consumption of the drip irrigation of not pressurizeing again, and the soil colloid clay composition of Huanghe water etc. can be flowed to soil losslessly, and the complicated equipment such as do not need to filter, invest cheap.Therefore, the utility model provide water sources such as containing the silt Huanghe water need not filter, need not precipitate, need not change original conveyance canal, without power consumption (energy), only utilize the own hydraulic pressure of conveyance canal will be rich in the little micro irrigation technology that is sprayed onto crop root of Huanghe water of silt, it is simple and easy to have operation, without specialized company install, the characteristics such as equipment investment is few, the operation and maintenance cost is low.
The utility model is particularly suited for arid area, NW China desert, particularly the water-saving irrigation in the agricultural land at the Yellow River bank and other water source.As long as the agricultural land has the gravity flow canal for water conveyance, just can use the utility model to realize slight irrigation.Perhaps, also can contain the silt irrigation water via after the pressurized equipment pressurization with what do not possess self-pressure, by irrigation system of the present utility model Plants be carried out slight irrigation and irrigate.
Below described preferred embodiment of the present utility model in detail, but it will be appreciated that, after having read above-mentioned instruction content of the present utility model, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the utility model.These equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims limited range equally.
Claims (10)
1. an irrigation system is used for will containing silt water or not containing silt water draining into the plantation and the plant in the plantation being carried out slight irrigation, it is characterized in that:
Described irrigation system comprises water source and Microirrigation belt, and described Microirrigation belt is provided with a plurality of spilling water micropores along the length direction of Microirrigation belt;
Described Microirrigation belt is arranged on the ground in plantation, and an end of described Microirrigation belt is communicated to the water source, other end sealing; And
Can in Microirrigation belt, trickle and spilling water micropore from Microirrigation belt overflows that plant is carried out slight irrigation from the water at described water source.
2. irrigation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Microirrigation belt is the PE plastic tube, and when described Microirrigation belt was arranged on the plantation, described Microirrigation belt formed the gradient of 0-0.7% along its length with ground level.
3. irrigation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Microirrigation belt diameter is 5.0cm-15.0cm.
4. irrigation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the length of described Microirrigation belt is 30m-100m.
5. irrigation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be provided with along its length 1 row or 2 overflowing water micropores on the described Microirrigation belt, the distance in the same overflowing water micropore between adjacent two spilling water micropores is 30cm-60cm.
6. irrigation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the diameter of the spilling water micropore on the described Microirrigation belt is 1.5mm-2.5mm.
7. irrigation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described irrigation system also comprises aqueduct and water main, and described aqueduct one end is connected with the water source, and the other end is connected with described water main; And
Be provided with along its length a plurality of openings on the described water main, each described open communication connects a described Microirrigation belt.
8. irrigation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described silt water that contains is Huanghe water, utilize the Huanghe water gravity flow hydraulic pressure of field conveyance canal that driving force is provided, so that the Huanghe water that contains silt overflows from the spilling water micropore of described Microirrigation belt, and do not stop up described spilling water micropore.
9. a Plants water-saving culture system is characterized in that, comprising:
The field planting ditch that is used for planting plants on the plantation;
Cover the plastic foil on furrow bank and the bottom of trench, wherein, only staying along its length width in the middle of the bottom of trench is the zone plastic covering film not of 10cm-20cm, open so that the soil outside field planting ditch and the ditch is completely cut off, prevent that the water in the ditch from unnecessarily infiltrating in the outer soil of ditch and so that the root of plant does not extend outside the ditch; And
Each described irrigation system among the claim 1-8 is to irrigate the plant in the described field planting ditch.
10. plant water-saving culture according to claim 9 system, it is characterized in that: described plant is by the grape of a line spacing succeeding planting or matrimony vine or willow.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201220576358 CN202857458U (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2012-11-02 | Micro-irrigation system utilizing water from Yellow River and other water containing silt and water-saving plant cultivation system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201220576358 CN202857458U (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2012-11-02 | Micro-irrigation system utilizing water from Yellow River and other water containing silt and water-saving plant cultivation system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103782872A (en) * | 2012-11-02 | 2014-05-14 | 上海交通大学 | Micro-irrigation system using Yellow River water and other sediment water and plant water-saving cultivation method |
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2012
- 2012-11-02 CN CN 201220576358 patent/CN202857458U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103782872A (en) * | 2012-11-02 | 2014-05-14 | 上海交通大学 | Micro-irrigation system using Yellow River water and other sediment water and plant water-saving cultivation method |
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