CN105706691A - Method for reducing farmland drainage canal nitrogen and phosphorus loss through charcoal - Google Patents
Method for reducing farmland drainage canal nitrogen and phosphorus loss through charcoal Download PDFInfo
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- CN105706691A CN105706691A CN201610090623.1A CN201610090623A CN105706691A CN 105706691 A CN105706691 A CN 105706691A CN 201610090623 A CN201610090623 A CN 201610090623A CN 105706691 A CN105706691 A CN 105706691A
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- charcoal
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reducing farmland drainage canal nitrogen and phosphorus loss through charcoal.By means of the high adsorbability of charcoal for nitrogen and phosphorus, aquatic plants are planted in a soil matrix containing charcoal and placed in a farmland drainage canal in a frame mode, and therefore the distribution layout of aquatic plants in the ecological canal is controlled; by means of the absorption and adsorption effect of the aquatic plants and the charcoal in the soil matrix on nitrogen and phosphorus on canal water, the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in the canal water is lowered, the purpose of reducing the nitrogen and phosphorus loss is achieved, the aquatic plants in the canal can be prevented from growing too densely, and therefore the smooth waterflow in the canal is ensured.The method is low in investment cost, and easy to operate and implement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural nonpoint source pollution control field, more particularly, to a kind of method utilizing charcoal to reduce agriculture drainage ditch nitrogen and phosphorus loss.
Background technology
Soil, Delta of the Pearl River region of no relief is fertile, it it is important agricultural product production base, Guangdong Province, in district, agriculture drainage ditch gathers in length and breadth, under soil multiple crop index height and short-duration rainstorm condition frequently, Soil Nitrogen, phosphorus very easily run off with agricultural drain, eventually enter into river retention of excessive fluid body, cause body eutrophication.There are some researches show, utilize water plant to build ecological canal, it is possible to substantially reduce the nitrogen in irrigation canals and ditches water body, phosphorus concentration.But owing to Delta of the Pearl River region of no relief level of ground water is higher, flood season in rainy season farmland often there is waterlogging problem, if water plant is directly planted in the trench, then through after a while growth after water plant be often covered with whole piece irrigation canals and ditches.And if aquatic plants growth is excessively dense in irrigation canals and ditches, then the problem that impeded drainage, aggravation farmland waterlogging easily occur.And As time goes on, irrigation canals and ditches substrate sludge nitrogen, phosphorus constantly accumulate, the reduction effect of nitrogen, phosphorus is also greatly lowered by ecological ditch.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to and utilize water plant to build the above-mentioned technological deficiency that ecological canal aspect exists, it is provided that a kind of method utilizing charcoal to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus loss, be that a kind of new water plant that utilizes builds ecological canal method.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of method utilizing charcoal to reduce agriculture drainage ditch nitrogen and phosphorus loss is provided, comprises the following steps:
S1. arranging substrate frame, described substrate frame retains one fixed width with at least side in farmland ditch both sides；Described substrate frame arrange be easy to irrigation canals and ditches current normal through hole；
S2. in described substrate frame, gravel (bird's-eye gravel) is laid in bottom, is then filled with the mixed-matrix being made up of soil matrix and charcoal；
S3. in mixed-matrix, transplant water plant Seedling；
S4., substrate frame is placed in agriculture drainage ditch, and substrate frame retains the distance of one fixed width, conventionally draining in agriculture drainage ditch from irrigation canals and ditches both sides, realizes reducing the loss of nitrogen phosphorus in conventional drainage process.
Preferably, described substrate frame and farmland ditch both sides retain one fixed width respectively unobstructed in order to irrigation canals and ditches current.It is further preferred that the width control system of substrate frame described in step S1 is the 2/3～3/4 of agriculture drainage ditch width.Substrate framework is long-pending unsuitable excessive, and to facilitate operation and current by being advisable, the present invention sums up through long-term great many of experiments and finds, by the width control system of frame best results when the 3/4 of furrow width.
Preferably, hole described in step S1 is ribbon hole.Described hole can be arranged at framework periphery and/or bottom.So that irrigation canals and ditches current can be normal through.
Further, described ribbon hole is arranged at framework periphery and bottom.
Further, the width of described ribbon hole is determined according to gravel particle size, does not drop as standard with gravel from substrate frame.
Preferably, the particle diameter of described gravel is 1～2cm, and the width of described ribbon hole is 0.8～1.2cm.
Preferably, described gravel lay adopt tiling mode, the thickness of tiling preferably 3～5cm.
Preferably, what the mixed proportion of soil matrix described in step S2 and charcoal accounted for soil matrix weight according to charcoal is 2%～8% determine, it is further preferred that described charcoal accounts for the 8% of soil matrix weight.
Preferably, the filling thickness of mixed-matrix described in step S2 is 15～20cm.
Preferably, water plant Seedling described in step S3 is emergent aquactic plant Seedling, it is preferable that Mugil cephalus grass, Rhizoma Acori Graminei and/or Rhizoma Iridis Tectori.It is possible to further plant Rhizoma Iridis Tectori in the upper semisection substrate frame of irrigation canals and ditches, lower semisection substrate frame is planted Mugil cephalus grass or Rhizoma Acori Graminei.Preferably, the inventive method is transplanted into mixed-matrix in emergent aquactic plant Seedling length in 15cm.
Preferably, the distance that the substrate frame described in step S4 retains one fixed width from irrigation canals and ditches both sides can be 10～30cm, unobstructed in order to irrigation canals and ditches current.
The length of substrate frame of the present invention is depending on the length of irrigation canals and ditches, it is preferable that according to the size of the ratio setting substrate frame of substrate frame length is irrigation canals and ditches length 1/2.
Preferably, described substrate frame system is that several substrate frames arranged according to farmland ditch length direction are constituted；When adopting several substrate frames, it is preferable that the size of the ratio setting substrate frame according to substrate frame system total length is irrigation canals and ditches length 1/2 and quantity.
Width according to farmland ditch and the convenience of operation, it is possible to multiple rows of substrate frame being set up in parallel is set.If arranging multiple rows of substrate frame, the distance that the substrate frame near irrigation canals and ditches both sides retains one fixed width from irrigation canals and ditches both sides is 10～30cm.
It is further preferred that in described some substrate frame systems, between substrate frame and substrate frame, length and/or width is spaced apart 40cm.
In described substrate frame, the water plant of plantation can be gathered in depending on growing state in good time.
Beneficial effects of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention utilizes the charcoal high adsorption to nitrogen, phosphorus, by water plant planting in the soil matrix containing charcoal, and be placed in certain intervals in agriculture drainage ditch with the form of framework, the Distribution Pattern of water plant in ecological canal is controlled with science, on the one hand by the charcoal absorption and sorption effect to irrigation canals and ditches water body nitrogen, phosphorus in water plant and soil matrix, reduce the nitrogen in irrigation canals and ditches water body, phosphorus concentration, thus reaching to reduce the purpose of soil N and P losses；Irrigation canals and ditches aquatic plants growth can be avoided again excessively dense on the other hand, thus keeping irrigation canals and ditches current unobstructed.With the ecological ditch that the method for the invention builds, can comprehensively charcoal and the water plant reduction effect to nitrogen, phosphorus in soil matrix, the Distribution Pattern of ecological ditch water plant can be controlled, be unlikely to again to reduce ecological ditch because water plant area reduces and cut down the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus.The technology of the present invention builds the material of ecological ditch and only needs a small amount of charcoal, substrate frame, water-soil-plant Seedling and bird's-eye gravel etc., and input cost is low, simple to operate, it is easy to implement.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 substrate frame schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 substrate frame schematic diagram (band size design).
Fig. 3 utilizes charcoal to build ecological ditch floor map.
Fig. 4 different proportion charcoal reduction effect to Soil Nitrogen.
Fig. 5 different proportion charcoal reduction effect to soil phophorus.
Fig. 6 difference aquatic plant species reduction effect to nitrogen, phosphorus.
The ecological ditch that Fig. 7 the technology of the present invention the builds reduction effect to nitrogen.
The ecological ditch that Fig. 8 the technology of the present invention the builds reduction effect to phosphorus.
Fig. 9 soil matrix does not add the ecological ditch of the charcoal structure reduction effect to nitrogen.
Figure 10 soil matrix does not add the ecological ditch of the charcoal structure reduction effect to phosphorus.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with specific embodiment.Following embodiment being merely cited for property explanation, it is impossible to be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Randomly choose one section of farmland drainage ditch at Suburbs of Guangzhou vegetable field, carry out building charcoal substrate frame system according to following steps.
S1., substrate frame is set, as shown in Figure 1, the width control system of described substrate frame the 3/4 or following of agriculture drainage ditch width, described substrate frame arrange be easy to irrigation canals and ditches current normal through hole；
S2. one layer of bird's-eye gravel of bottom tiling in described substrate frame, is then filled with the mixed-matrix being made up of soil matrix and charcoal；
S3. in mixed-matrix, transplant water plant Seedling；
S4. substrate frame is placed in agriculture drainage ditch, and substrate frame retains the distance of one fixed width from irrigation canals and ditches both sides.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, farmland drainage ditch furrow width 0.8～1.2m, mean breadth 1.0m.According to furrow width preparation long (m), wide (1.0m), high (m) respectively 60cm, 40cm, 20cm frame of plastic as substrate frame, framework periphery and bottom all with the ribbon hole of width about 1cm, porous, as shown in Figure 2.Water plant selects Mugil cephalus grass and two kinds of Rhizoma Iridis Tectori, and the present embodiment is standby at a collection of Potted orchard of market bulk purchase, separately purchases the bird's-eye gravel that a collection of particle diameter is 1～2cm standby.First at substrate frame bottom one layer of bird's-eye gravel of tiling during water plant planting, water plant is removed flowerpot again and is transplanted in substrate frame together with soil, and add charcoal, every frame substrate presses soil weight than the charcoal adding 8%, surface and periphery bird's-eye gravel are fixed, and are sequentially placed in gutter by the substrate frame of planting aquatic plants afterwards, retain the interval of 40cm between substrate frame, distance 10～the 30cm of substrate frame and both sides, gutter, as shown in Figure 3.Can ensure that gutter current are unobstructed, current can also pass through framework space through substrate frame to be passed through.Placing 50 substrate frames altogether, form the water plant ecology ditch of 50m, wherein upper semisection water plant is Rhizoma Iridis Tectori, and lower semisection water plant is Mugil cephalus grass.The material cost building ecological ditch input is about 45 yuan/m.The ecological aquatic plant roots of ditch carries out harvesting management according to growing way situation.
Embodiment 2
Implement step referring to embodiment 1.Implementing to test and implement in August, 2015, specific implementation method is ibid.
The method adopting the test of lab simulation native fish, the impact on soil N and P losses of the test organism charcoal, charcoal is added the ratio in soil respectively 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%, separately setting without processing as comparison, result is shown in shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 (in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, right column of figure 1～10 represents that test adds water leaching number of times).Result of the test shows, charcoal process with compare between there is significant difference (p < 0.05), charcoal addition is more big, and soil TN, TP leaching loss amount is more little.Therefore, charcoal can effectively reduce the leaching loss amount of soil TN, TP.
The method adopting indoor water culture experiment, the test water plant reduction effect to nitrogen, phosphorus, it is Hydrocotyle vulgaris L., sleeping beauty, Mugil cephalus grass, Rhizoma Iridis Tectori, swamp cabbage and totally 6 kinds of phragmites communis for examination aquatic plant species, result is as shown in Figure 6, wherein, in the every prescription block diagram of Fig. 6, left side square frame is TN, and the right square frame is TP.Result of the test shows, the reduction rate of TN, TP is all remarkably higher than comparison (p < 0.05) by different water plants, TN, TP are all had certain absorption consumption by different water plants, average reduction rate respectively 29.0%～31.0%, 53.0%～55.3%, wherein the removal effect of TN, TP is all significantly better than other plant by Mugil cephalus grass and Rhizoma Acori Graminei.
For testing the implementation result of this technology, the ecological ditch upstream (before Rhizoma Iridis Tectori), middle reaches (Rhizoma Iridis Tectori and Mugil cephalus grass intersection) and the downstream end (after Mugil cephalus grass) that build in the technology of the present invention are respectively provided with sampling section, ecological ditch both sides are avoided to have lateral sulcus draining to import during testing, the change of continuous sampling monitoring water body nitrogen, phosphorus concentration after a rainfall, result is shown in shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, wherein in the every prescription block diagram in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, respectively after rain after the same day, rain 3 days, after rain 7 days, after rain 40 days from left to right.From Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, ecological ditch middle reaches and downstream section water body TN, TP concentration, in being decreased obviously trend, are computed, compared with the section of upstream, downstream section water body TN, TP concentration reduces 47.5%, 35.7% respectively, and middle reaches section water body TN, TP concentration reduces 35.5%, 24.3% respectively.Separately set one section in kind to build but the soil matrix ecological ditch that do not add charcoal is monitored as comparison, result is shown in Fig. 9 and Figure 10, wherein in the every prescription block diagram in Fig. 9 and Figure 10, respectively after rain after the same day, rain 3 days, after rain 7 days, after rain 40 days from left to right.Compared with the section of upstream, substrate does not add ecological ditch downstream section TN, TP concentration of charcoal and reduces 31.9%, 10.2% respectively, and middle reaches section TN, TP then do not show obvious reduction.Contrast test monitoring result shows, ecological ditch reduction nitrogen, phosphorus concentration effect that the technology of the present invention builds are better.
Embodiment 3
Implement test with in April, 2015 implement, specific implementation method ibid, test enforcement charcoal and water plant to nitrogen, phosphorus reduction effect with embodiment 1.For testing the implementation result of the technology of the present invention, ecological ditch upstream (before Rhizoma Iridis Tectori) and downstream end (after Mugil cephalus grass) at the technology of the present invention structure are respectively provided with sampling section, the change of continuous sampling monitoring nitrogen, phosphorus concentration after a rainfall, alternative natural drainage-channel, 50m farmland (ditch both sides nature growth of weeds) carries out the monitoring same period as comparison, and result is in Table 1.The self-purification capacity of nitrogen, phosphorus, it is shown that TN, TP clearance average respectively 27.3%, 20% after the rainfall of ecological ditch that builds of the technology of the present invention, is on average improve 7.3%, 6.0% than natural ditch by table 1.
1 technique construction ecology ditch of table compares (%) with the nitrogen of different times, tp removal rate after natural ditch rain
| Project | Monitoring section | 2015.8.16 | 2015.8.19 | 2015.8.23 | 2015.9.24 | On average |
| TN | Ecological ditch | 20.4 | 23.9 | 31.6 | 33.3 | 27.3 |
| Natural ditch | 13.8 | 9.7 | 0 | 49.8 | 16.5 | |
| TP | Ecological ditch | 11.7 | 49.7 | 0.0 | 18.7 | 20.0 |
| Natural ditch | 0 | 10.3 | 6.8 | 27.3 | 10.5 |
Claims (10)
1. one kind utilizes the method that charcoal reduces agriculture drainage ditch nitrogen and phosphorus loss, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
S1. arranging substrate frame, described substrate frame retains one fixed width with at least side in farmland ditch both sides, described substrate frame arrange be easy to irrigation canals and ditches current normal through hole；
S2. bottom tiling gravel in described substrate frame, is then filled with the mixed-matrix being made up of soil matrix and charcoal；
S3. in mixed-matrix, transplant water plant Seedling；
S4., substrate frame is placed in agriculture drainage ditch, and substrate frame retains the distance of one fixed width from irrigation canals and ditches both sides；Conventionally draining in agriculture drainage ditch, realizes reducing the loss of nitrogen phosphorus in conventional drainage process.
2. utilize the method that charcoal reduces agriculture drainage ditch nitrogen and phosphorus loss according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the width control system of substrate frame described in step S1 is the 2/3～3/4 of agriculture drainage ditch width.
3. utilize the method that charcoal reduces agriculture drainage ditch nitrogen and phosphorus loss according to claim 1, it is characterised in that hole described in step S1 is the ribbon hole of one fixed width, and the width of described ribbon hole is determined according to gravel particle size；Described hole is arranged at framework periphery and/or bottom.
4. according to claim 1 or 3, utilize the method that charcoal reduces agriculture drainage ditch nitrogen and phosphorus loss, it is characterised in that the particle diameter of described gravel is 1.5～2cm；The width of described ribbon hole is 0.8～1.2cm.
5. according to any one of claim 1,3 or 4, utilize the method that charcoal reduces agriculture drainage ditch nitrogen and phosphorus loss, it is characterised in that the thickness that described gravel is laid is 3～5cm.
6. utilize the method that charcoal reduces agriculture drainage ditch nitrogen and phosphorus loss according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the mixed proportion of soil matrix described in step S2 and charcoal 2%～8% is determined according to what charcoal accounted for soil matrix weight, it is preferable that described charcoal accounts for the 8% of soil matrix weight.
7. utilize the method that charcoal reduces agriculture drainage ditch nitrogen and phosphorus loss according to claim 1, it is characterised in that water plant Seedling described in step S3 is emergent aquactic plant Seedling, it is preferable that Mugil cephalus grass, Rhizoma Acori Graminei and/or Rhizoma Iridis Tectori.
8. utilize the method that charcoal reduces agriculture drainage ditch nitrogen and phosphorus loss according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the upper semisection substrate frame of irrigation canals and ditches is planted Rhizoma Iridis Tectori, lower semisection substrate frame is planted Mugil cephalus grass or Rhizoma Acori Graminei.
9. utilize the method that charcoal reduces agriculture drainage ditch nitrogen and phosphorus loss according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the distance that the substrate frame described in step S4 retains one fixed width from irrigation canals and ditches both sides is 10～30cm.
10. utilize the method that charcoal reduces agriculture drainage ditch nitrogen and phosphorus loss according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the quantity of described substrate frame is according to the quantity of the ratio setting substrate frame of irrigation canals and ditches length 1/2；It is spaced apart 40cm between substrate frame and substrate frame.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610090623.1A CN105706691A (en) | 2016-02-18 | 2016-02-18 | Method for reducing farmland drainage canal nitrogen and phosphorus loss through charcoal |
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| CN201610090623.1A CN105706691A (en) | 2016-02-18 | 2016-02-18 | Method for reducing farmland drainage canal nitrogen and phosphorus loss through charcoal |
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| CN107500471A (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2017-12-22 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of method for hindering control sloping upland nitrogen and phosphorus loss |
| CN111978115A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-11-24 | 南开大学 | Farmland soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss biochar interception and recycling system and method |
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Address after: Tianhe District Tianyuan road Guangzhou City, Guangdong province 510650 No. 808 Applicant after: Guangdong Institute of eco environmental technology Address before: Tianhe District Tianyuan road Guangzhou City, Guangdong province 510650 No. 808 Applicant before: Guangdong Prov. Inst. of Ecological Environment & Soil Science |
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Application publication date: 20160629 |