CN1990231B - 切削刀具刀片 - Google Patents

切削刀具刀片 Download PDF

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CN1990231B
CN1990231B CN2006101720857A CN200610172085A CN1990231B CN 1990231 B CN1990231 B CN 1990231B CN 2006101720857 A CN2006101720857 A CN 2006101720857A CN 200610172085 A CN200610172085 A CN 200610172085A CN 1990231 B CN1990231 B CN 1990231B
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layer
coating
cutting edge
tool insert
cutting tool
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CN1990231A (zh
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安德斯·强森
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Sandvik Intellectual Property AB
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/141—Specially shaped plate-like cutting inserts, i.e. length greater or equal to width, width greater than or equal to thickness
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    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
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    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
    • C23C28/044—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material coatings specially adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2224/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of a compound including a metal
    • B23B2224/04—Aluminium oxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2224/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of a compound including a metal
    • B23B2224/24—Titanium aluminium nitride
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2224/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of a compound including a metal
    • B23B2224/28—Titanium carbide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2224/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of a compound including a metal
    • B23B2224/32—Titanium carbide nitride (TiCN)
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    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2224/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of a compound including a metal
    • B23B2224/36—Titanium nitride
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
    • B23B2228/08—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner applied by physical vapour deposition [PVD]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
    • B23B2228/10—Coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
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    • B23B2228/105—Coatings with specified thickness
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/27—Cutters, for shaping comprising tool of specific chemical composition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于金属机械加工的切削刀具刀片，其包括第一涂层和最外面的PVD-层和基材，所述刀片进一步包括交叉形成基本上没有棱角半径的切削刃的间隙面和前刀面。除去第一涂层，使得最外面的PVD-层是在至少靠近切削刃的间隙面上的唯一层。本发明也涉及制造所述刀片的方法。本发明的刀片具有增加的刀具使用寿命。

Description

切削刀具刀片
本发明涉及一种具有锋利切削刃的涂覆的切削刀具刀片，该刀片尤其适用于非铁材料的机械加工以及在钢和不锈钢中的小件机械加工，所述非铁材料如钛、铝、黄铜、青铜、耐热的和超耐热合金、塑料。
对于使用如钻孔、研磨和车削对金属进行的机械加工，使用硬质合金的切削刀具刀片，其具有交叉形成切削刃的前刀面和间隙面。切削刃应该是锋利的以提供低的切削力和低的能量消耗。然而，硬质合金是脆性材料，因此锋利的切削刃通常不是足够坚固的。如果它破裂了，切削力增大并且所机械加工的材料的表面光洁度会是差的。为了加强切削刃，它可能被圆化成通常为10-50μm的半径，或者提供倒角或刃带。切削刃的精确设计取决于要机械加工的材料，并且兼顾了可接受的切削力和切削刃的强度。一些如铝等的工件材料需要具有最小边角修圆的非常锋利的刀刃。过度圆化的刀刃可以在这种材料中导致刀刃磨损，并且会影响随后的磨损发展。对于这种材料的机械加工，通常使用未涂覆的硬质合金刀片。如果对刀片施加了涂层，特别是用CVD-或MTCVD-技术涂覆的刀刃将会变钝。此外，涂覆的切削刃需要一定程度的圆化来确保涂层令人满意的应用。然而，想要的是能够使涂覆的刀片也能用于机械加工需要锋利切削刃的材料。
美国专利申请2006/0019120A1公开了一种用于金属机械加工的切削刀具刀片，其包括包含至少一个耐磨涂层的涂层和基材，所述刀片进一步包括交叉形成切削刃的间隙面和前刀面。切削刃基本上没有棱角半径。通过磨削从至少靠近切削刃的间隙面除去涂层。然而已经发现这样的刀片在某些应用中具有不足的耐磨性。
因此本发明的一个目的是提供一种制备具有锋利的切削刃和长的刀具使用寿命的涂覆的硬质合金切削刀片的方法。
本发明提供了一种具有锋利的切削刃的刀片，其具有包括一层或多层的第一涂层和最外面的PVD-层和基材，所述刀片进一步包括交叉形成基本上没有棱角半径的切削刃的间隙面和前刀面。除去第一涂层，使得最外面的PVD-层是在至少靠近切削刃的间隙面上的唯一层。
在本发明的一个实施例中，在喷砂和磨削之前，第一涂层是氧化铝层，优选是α-氧化铝层，其厚度为1-10μm，优选3-6μm。
在本发明的另一个实施例中，第一涂层进一步包括在氧化铝层和基材之间具有柱状晶粒的Ti(C，N)内层，其厚度为1-10μm，优选4-7μm。
因此，该最外面的PVD-层是在至少靠近切削刃的间隙面上的唯一层。优选它是间隙面上的唯一层。PVD-层优选为1-6μm，优选为2-3μm，并且优选包括Ti(C，N)、TiN或(Ti，Al)N中的一种或多种。
本发明也涉及一种制备具有极锋利切削刃的涂覆的切削刀具刀片的方法，其通过如下步骤：
-提供具有包括一层或多层的第一涂层的切削刀具刀片；
-至少对所述刀片的前刀面进行喷砂操作，以在0.25mm的测量长度上获得表面粗糙度(Ra)小于0.3μm的光滑表面，
-用细砂轮对刀片进行圆周磨削操作，或者在切削刃周围或在整个间隙面上，以获得基本上没有棱角半径的切削刃，并从至少靠近切削刃的间隙面除去所述的第一涂层，
-使用PVD-技术沉积1-6μm，优选2-3μm的耐磨层。耐磨层优选是Ti(C，N)、TiN或(Ti，Al)N。
在本发明的一个实施方式中第一涂层是氧化铝层，优选是α-氧化铝层，其厚度为1-10μm，优选3-6μm。
在本发明方法的另一个实施方式中，第一涂层进一步包括在氧化铝层和基材之间具有柱状晶粒的Ti(C，N)内层，其厚度为1-10μm，优选4-7μm。
本发明的刀片能够用在各种切削操作中。这类操作的例子是钻孔、车削和研磨。
本发明结合下述的实施例进行附加说明，这些实施例被认为是用作说明本发明的。但应该理解的是，本发明不限于这些实施例的具体细节。
实施例1
对6％的Co和余量的WC组成的VCEX110301R-F型硬质合金刀片涂覆0.5μm的等轴TiCN-层，然后通过使用MTCVD-技术(加工温度：850℃)涂覆具有柱状晶粒的5μm厚TiCN层。在同一涂覆循环过程中的后续步骤，沉积具有1μm厚的TiCxNyOz(大约：x＝0.6，y＝0.2和z＝0.2)等轴晶粒的涂层，随后沉积4μm厚的α-Al2O3层。在涂覆之后，通过湿喷砂法使刀片平滑，以在0.25mm的测量长度上得到0.2μm的表面粗糙度。然后通过具有25μm粒度的金刚石砂轮对刀片进行圆周磨削操作，通过除去在齿腹面上的涂层获得锋利的切削刃。
实施例2
使用PVD-技术将实施例1的刀片的一半涂覆2-3μm的(Ti，Al)N层。
实施例3
在下述条件下测试本发明实施例1、现有技术和实施例2的刀片：
不锈钢SS2346的纵向车削
切削速度：  150m/min
进料：      0.1mm/rev
切削深度：  1mm
油冷却剂
作为进一步的参考，使用Sandvik Coromant商品等级GC1020。
刀具使用寿命标准是齿腹磨损>0.08mm或过度的凹痕磨损。
结果，三次测试的平均数：
切削时间，min            记录
本发明            288            齿腹磨损>0.08mm
现有技术          147            齿腹磨损>0.08mm
参考              183            过度的凹痕磨损
尽管本发明已经结合其优选的实施例进行了描述，但是对本领域的技术人员来说，能够理解的是可以做出没有特别说明的附加、删除、修改和替换，而不会偏离如在附加权利要求书中定义的本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于金属机械加工的切削刀具刀片，其具有第一涂层和最外面的PVD-层以及硬质合金基材，第一涂层包括氧化铝层和在氧化铝层和基材之间的厚度为2-10μm的Ti(C，N)内层，所述刀片进一步包括交叉形成基本上没有棱角半径的切削刃的间隙面和前刀面，其特征在于第一涂层被去除，使得最外面的PVD-层是在至少靠近切削刃的间隙面上的唯一层。
2.根据权利要求1的切削刀具刀片，其特征在于最外面的PVD-层是在间隙面上的唯一层。
3.根据权利要求1或2的切削刀具刀片，其特征在于所述氧化铝层是α-氧化铝层。
4.根据权利要求1或2的切削刀具刀片，其特征在于所述Ti(C，N)内层具有柱状晶粒，其厚度为4-7μm。
5.一种制造用于金属机械加工的切削刀具刀片的方法，该刀片包括第一涂层和最外面的PVD层和硬质合金基材，第一涂层包括氧化铝层和在氧化铝层和基材之间的厚度为2-10μm的Ti(C，N)内层，所述刀片进一步包括交叉形成切削刃的间隙面和前刀面，该方法包括如下步骤：
-提供具有包括一层或多层的第一涂层的切削刀具刀片；
-至少对所述刀片的前刀面进行喷砂操作，以在0.25mm的测量长度上获得表面粗糙度(Ra)小于0.3μm的光滑表面，和
-用细砂轮对刀片进行圆周磨削操作，或者在切削刃周围或在整个间隙面上，以获得基本上没有棱角半径的切削刃，和从至少靠近切削刃的间隙面除去所述的第一涂层，
其特征在于使用PVD-技术沉积最外面的耐磨层。
CN2006101720857A 2005-12-30 2006-12-29 切削刀具刀片 Expired - Fee Related CN1990231B (zh)

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