CN1946906A - 用于墙、护墙和类似物的饰面 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种装饰面板***,用于一墙或一护墙,以提供一天然石材外观和/或改进一现有墙的外观。诸面板可以联锁,来形成一支柱面板结构。该结构通过多种附连装置附连至一墙。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及墙和护墙,尤其涉及一装饰面板***,以在墙的建造期间或在墙已经安装后形成用于这样的墙的一装饰和保护面。
背景技术
护墙用于多种景观美化项目,并可以有很多种风格。存在许多用于护墙建造的方法和材料。这样的方法包括天然石材、灌浇混凝土、预制板、石工和景观木材或铁路枕木的使用。
建造这样的墙的广泛接受的方法是干堆垛混凝土单元或块料。这些块料很受欢迎,因为它们是大规模生产的,因此相对便宜。它们结构坚固,可被容易地和相对便宜地安装。因为它们包括混凝土,它们经久耐用。可以给予它们一所需的外观,例如天然石材。许多块料***还使用适于与相应的销孔配合的销,或可以使用其它机械装置,来增加墙的稳定性。
典型地,护墙块料制造成在前面(即墙的外面)具有所需的外观,因为在墙建造好之后只有前面是可见的。使墙***的前面具有一天然石材外观是非常需要的,在本领域中使用了许多方法来处置或处理混凝土,以再现天然石材的外观,包括***开块料、滚磨块料来风化表面和表面的边缘以及使用处理或加纹理设备来给予混凝土一风化的外表。
取决于墙的位置、土壤类型、可能流经墙的水量以及水的矿物质含量,在一护墙的表面上可能显现出一不希望有的外观。此外,由于暴露于自然环境和冷冻/解冻周期,混凝土护墙可能呈现出散裂,即混凝土的碎裂和破裂,这影响其外观并可能最终影响其效用。当墙面暴露于盐雾时,冷冻/解冻作用会更加严重,这通常发生在铁路上,在那里采用除冰盐来清除铁路的冰和雪。风化泛白就是从水中滤析出矿物盐,这经常发生在与水接触的墙上。在一表面上最终生成的沉淀物在一墙上产生了不美的白色污染外观。
已经有用天然石材或模制成近似于天然石材的混凝土来装饰部分护墙的在先成果。尽管这样的装饰产生美学上合意的墙,但它是一种费力的和非常昂贵的工艺,因为它需要熟练的石工使用传统的灰泥石工建造方法,来将石材或混凝土饰面结合至墙。这种饰面会使装饰完成墙的成本加倍。此外,分段的护墙不是刚性结构,施加一刚性灰泥饰面可能会导致破裂,除非采取适当的步骤来提供滑动结合。
因此,提供易于安装的、拥有近似于天然石材的一外观和会无限期地保持所需外观的一护墙***是需要的。在本领域内的另一需求是改善表面损坏或污染的护墙***的外观。
在本领域内描述的许多护墙***包括增强材料的使用,也称为土工格栅、土工合成增强或土工格栅土壤增强。这些术语可交替使用,在此使用的“土工格栅”趋向于作为一专业术语。增强材料可以是例如钢丝网的不可延伸材料,或例如垫层和定向聚合物材料的可延伸土工合成材料。例如,平坦的聚合物片用于通过在片中形成孔来形成土工格栅,然后拉拔它们,来定向聚合物并增加其模量。这样的聚合物材料包括高密度聚乙烯(HDPE),这些材料形成相对坚固的土工格栅,它们商品品牌为“TENSAR”,且在市场上可购买到。
尽管HDPE材料是相对坚固的,一第二类型的土工合成材料可由一垫层构成,该垫层典型地由机织或编织的聚酯纤维形成。这些可以包括以大(例如1英寸(2.5cm)或更大)开口为特征的直线聚合物结构。在这些开口结构的土工格栅中,聚合绳股在一格栅中机织、编织或“熔接”(通过粘合剂和/或热)在一起。用于制成相对柔性的土工格栅的聚合物包括聚酯纤维。聚酯通常使用一聚氯乙烯(PVC)或一乳胶外涂层来涂敷。涂层可以包含用于紫外线(UV)稳定的碳黑。一些开口结构的土工格栅包括用于弯曲纤维的聚酯纱和作为填充纤维的聚丙烯。
另一柔性增强土工合成材料是织物,即机织或非机织的、没有大开口的结构。这些织物典型地包括聚合物,可以被称为土工纤维。该土工纤维可以被放置在墙中的块料层之间,典型地嵌入墙并保持在那里。当块料构造成具有销连接件时,例如,在建筑工地的土工纤维中形成一孔或切口,且通过将土工纤维配合在销上而将其保持在块料上。
在通常的使用中,土工格栅在护墙后延伸,并在墙后嵌入地面,从而产生一嵌入墙面而防止翻转的粘性土壤。土工格栅或者机械地、或者依靠由放置土工格栅层于块料层之间产生的摩擦力而连接至一块料层。当连接模式单单是摩擦力时,土工格栅放置于一块料层的顶部上,然后块料的一随后层放置于土工格栅的顶部上。当连接是机械的时,在放置一块料层至所需高度之后,将土工格栅放置于一块料层上,并通过块料中的销装置(它可具有对准和将块料保持在一起的主要功能)或通过特殊的连接装置保持在位。柔性土工格栅通过拉回和在护墙后用桩支撑土工格栅来处于受拉状态。将回填料放置和压实在土工格栅上方。继续墙的建造,并可以包括土工格栅的附加层。
这样的***在许多墙应用中被证明是可靠的。然而对于它们的性能有限制,尤其在墙的上部,在那里在土工格栅层上方的块料的负荷不提供在连接上那么多的负荷,从而减小了摩擦力。摩擦连接的应用迫使设计者和建造者使用更多和更强的土工格栅,因为连接的强度限制了***的强度,这增加了墙的花费。机械连接件旨在通过以一不取决于负荷的方式来机械地连接土工格栅至墙面,从而克服此限制。这种方法的困难是,为了这样的连接提供高程度的有效连接,他们必须添加相当大的费用来支付使用土工格栅增强,并增加安装工艺的复杂性和费用。因此两种方法都有缺点。
在地震区域也有许多墙的应用,在这些应用中提供一种对在地震事件期间、在墙的饰面和增强土工格栅之间连接损失的一额外保护测量,是极其需要的。因此,就需要有一种不取决于负荷的、不增加大的墙建造费用的、高度可靠的并能在地震条件下抵抗失效的一土工格栅***。
发明内容
我们发明了一种可以用于一墙或一护墙的装饰面板***,以提供多种所需外观,包括非常类似一种天然石材类型的一外观,以改善一现有墙的前面的外观。单独的面板形成用于墙的面板;面板较佳地是联锁的,以形成一稳定的面板结构。此结构通过多种附连装置附连至一墙。此***还可在提供所需外观的同时允许一节省成本的、带有包括护墙的块料或单元的土工格栅的最大可靠连接。
附图的简要说明
图1A是本发明的一面板的一前视图,而图1B是本发明的一面板的一后视图。
图2A是带有榫舌和凹槽连接件的、本发明的一面板的一侧视图,而图2B是显示了榫舌和凹槽连接件细节的两面板的一局部侧视图。
图3A是具有一运行结合模式的一装饰面板***的一部分的一前视图,而图3B是具有一堆叠结合模式的一装饰面板***的一部分的一前视图。
图4是一装饰面板***的一部分的一前视图,其中面板具有多种模式。
图5A是本发明的一转接件的一俯视图;图5B是与一轨道联锁的转接件的一俯视图;以及图5C是一轨道及其附件的一局部立体图。
图6A是一吊架的一侧视图,图6B是悬挂元件的一侧视图,而图6C是悬挂自一轨道的一面板的一立体图。
图7A是附连至一墙的一轨道的一局部立体图,而图7B是显示了附连至一墙的吊架的一局部立体图。
图8A是显示了由一L形吊架附连的、一轨道的一立体图,而图8B是具有由一L形吊架附连的一轨道的一墙的一部分的一俯视图。
图9是显示了一层土工格栅的定位的一护墙块料***的一剖视图。
图10是带有包围三层块料的土工格栅的一护墙块料***的一剖视图。
图11是具有两个土工格栅包围层的一完全的护墙的一剖视图。
图12是带有一个土工格栅包围层的、本发明的一装饰面板***的一局部立体图。
图13A是带有土工格栅的一金属丝架护墙的一剖视图,而图13B是一金属丝架的一立体图。
图14是带有具有多个土工格栅包围层的本发明的一装饰面板***的一护墙的一局部剖视图。
图15是带有本发明的装饰面板***的一建筑墙的一立体图。
图16A是显示了由一角撑架附连的、一轨道的一立体图,而图16B是具有由一角支架附连的一轨道的一墙的一部分的一俯视图。
具体实施方式
在应用中,墙涉及包括天然石材、灌浇混凝土、预制板、石工、景观木料或铁路枕木和护墙块料的结构。通过将面板附连至一墙的暴露面,而将具有一所需外观的面板用作为一饰面。
在较佳的实施例中,本发明的面板与护墙一起使用,而在最佳的实施例中,护墙包括块料。块料由粗糙的、抗风化的材料制成,较佳地(且典型地)是零坍落度成型混凝土。其它适当的材料包括塑料、增强纤维、木材、金属和石材。如本领域中已知的,块料可以具有多种形状和特征,并可以将一个堆垛在另一个上面来提供一直立的墙,也可以堆垛成与垂直面成角度。如本领域中已知的,块料可以通过一销附连***将彼此连接,或这块料可以装备有一个或多个突出元件,该一个或多个突出元件与在一邻近块料中的一个或多个相应凹处联锁。
“上部”和“下部”指在一护墙中的块料的定位。下部或底部表面放置成面向地面。在一护墙中,放下一行块料,形成一层。通过将一块料的下部表面定位至另一块料的上部表面上,来在此下层上形成一上层。
护墙可以是直立的(即,基本直线的以及垂直直立的)、弯曲的(蜿蜒的)或具有尖锐的拐角(即90度角)。这样的墙可以与垂直面成角度。在本发明中,可将增强土工格栅回带或土工合成纤维(也通常称为土工格栅和土工织物)与护墙块料一起使用。无论护墙的类型如何,装饰面板***都易于安装、结构坚固,且达到或超出了所有ASTM、IBC和AASHTO对于护墙结构的要求。
本发明的饰面较佳地包括在玻璃纤维中的一矿质骨料。此材料由混合石颗粒、沙子或具有树脂的矿石注入一模子而产生。典型地,将想要使面板所类似石材类型的颗粒用于树脂混合物中,这些颗粒给面板提供颜色。例如,假如想要使面板类似天然花岗岩,则可将花岗岩用于混合物中。假如石灰石是所需的外表,则可以使用石灰石颗粒。可将多种粉末颜料添加至混合物中,以便产生不同的颜色或色调。模子构造成可对材料施加一类似天然石材纹理的表面纹理。在将矿物树脂混合物添加和分散穿过模子之后,再将一玻璃纤维和树脂的混合物添加入模子。在此阶段,可以添加用于将面板附连至正在装饰的表面的结构部件。这样的部件可以由拉挤玻璃纤维来形成,且可以在处理过程中附连至面板,以便在玻璃纤维面板和结构部件之间产生一结合。在树脂处理之后,面板的前面较佳地是喷砂的,来从表面去除树脂,从而呈现一天然外观的矿物或石材表面。可选择地,可将前面磨光,以便产生一磨光的石材外表。
应该强调,一面板的表面可以具有任何所需的外观。一例如石材的天然外观通常是最需要的。面板可以具有一统一的外观,或者它可以具有形成于其中的一琢石模式。如天然石材行业通常已知的,面板也可以类似于已被处理或处置过的石材。例如,面板可以类似于一风化的石材、磨光的石材或火焰处理过的石材。此外,模子可以构造成产生类似于已用手工或机器铺砌或滚磨的石材的面板,来产生一美学上合意的天然粗石外观。
面板在尺寸方面生产成便于制造和操作。面板可以是平坦的,但较佳的是具有在边缘成型的一轻微的弯曲,从而用于多种连接元件,这将在下面进一步描述。方便的面板尺寸是约8×18英寸(20.5cm×45.7cm)、16×48英寸(40.6×121.9cm)和32×48英寸(81.3×121.9cm)。面板的尺寸可以不同于这些规定的尺寸,以便满足特定应用的审美和功能要求。当与花岗岩面板比较时,这些面板在重量上是相当轻的。例如,一花岗岩面板可以是本发明的一类似尺寸面板的400-500%重。
面板的背面装备有一附连装置,从而面板可以附连至一墙。当一所需的附连装置通过粘合剂或通过例如螺钉和螺栓的机械装置来形成和附连时,面板的树脂/玻璃纤维成分允许它模制到面板中。附连装置包括钩、支架、连接接头、连接槽和类似物。较佳的附连机构将在下面进一步描述。
为了产生一装饰面板,将几个面板在一墙上安装成彼此紧接。在一较佳的实施例中,这些面板装备有榫舌和凹槽附连装置,从而两个邻近的面板可以彼此连接。较佳地,每个面板具有两个带有一凹槽的邻近侧,适于从邻近面板的相应侧接纳一榫舌。较佳地,附连装置提供阻止来自雨水或路面喷雾的水的渗透或使之最小化的一接头。为了将一面板附连至墙,当制造面板时,将一架、钩、连接结构或槽模制到面板的背面中。这就可以用来通过螺钉、螺栓、销、金属丝、尼龙连接件或皮带材料或栏杆来将面板附连至墙。可选择地,且较佳地,当制造面板时,将一联锁元件模制到一面板的背面上。此联锁元件与在墙上的一相应的联锁元件配合。当定位面板离墙的距离时,用于装饰面板的附连装置较佳地提供伸缩性。因为下置墙面的不规则性,以与墙不同的距离来定位面板,并使附连装置的横向定位可适应墙的弯曲,这是必须的和需要的。
本发明的面板是不透水和盐喷洒的、是抵抗冷冻-解冻剥蚀和UV剥蚀的,并且在重量上是较轻的。由于这些性质,本发明的面板不仅仅提供较好的美观,也增强了下置墙结构的耐用性,因为当盐水和冷冻条件都存在时,大多数混凝土产品变成更易受冷冻-解冻剥蚀损坏。在安装了一面板墙之后,假如需要,可以替换单独的面板,假如墙表面的一部分已经损坏,这是一个成本的优点。面板还可由阻碍乱涂乱画的材料制成,因为它具有一不规则的表面,且由此还可以更易于清除乱涂乱画,因为它不像混凝土那样易于吸收喷涂的涂料。面板的使用隐藏了墙的任何审美问题,例如被红粘土或风化所着色。
当由护墙块料建造一墙时,面板是有用的,同时需要使用一土工格栅并在土工格栅和墙之间产生一简单的、节省成本的和高度有效的连接。也就是说,因为墙面会被面板所掩盖,土工格栅可以包围块料,在块料后面延伸入墙后的地面。因此,如图9-12所示,土工格栅在邻近块料的整个表面之间接触。较佳地,将织物放置在土工格栅退出和再进入块料的前面处,来消除由混凝土块料的边缘产生的土工格栅的磨损。任何节省成本和适当耐用的织物片材料可用于此目的,包括机织或非机织的聚酯纤维、乙烯基片或塑料片。连接***可以使用用于土壤加固的多种土工格栅或土工纤维。
本发明的土工格栅增强件的安装,通过以所需高度将土工格栅放置在块料层的顶部来完成,但在墙面上以一足够的量提供额外的土工格栅,从而在放置和回填了随后的块料层之后,土工格栅可以越过随后层被拉起,然后放回进入增强区域。在土工格栅层之间的随后层的数量随产品和使用的设计原理而变,但两层或三层的间隔是通常的。将一保护织物或片放置在土工格栅和块料之间以及在土工格栅上方和下方,以便保护土工格栅不被磨损。土工格栅可以统一的长度放置,或者假如墙的设计需要在较长的长度之间使用较短的增强件长度来使用中间增强件,则可以不同的长度放置。
作为本发明的结果,土工格栅完全包围了块料。这提供了一高度有效的连接***,当与现有方法比较时,它使墙结构成本最小化。它给完成的墙提供了更好的结构完整性,这在高要求的应用中,以及当然在地震区域中,是非常需要的。
现在来看附图,显示和描述了本发明的装饰面板***。
图1和2显示了本发明的面板一较佳的实施例,其中面板装备有联锁的榫舌和凹槽元件。榫舌和凹槽元件显示出延伸了它们所附连的侧面的整个长度,然而,应该理解,榫舌和凹槽元件可以延伸越多一面板的侧面的仅仅一部分。榫舌和凹槽元件以及转接件50,通过在其固化前将元件设置进入树脂中,在制造期间模制到面板的背面中。图1A和1B显示了具有曲线边缘的面板10a,带有沿着两个邻近侧面的榫舌11和12以及沿着另外两个侧面的凹槽13和14(以虚线显示)。图2A显示了在一个面板背面上的榫舌元件11和凹槽元件13,而图2B显示了两个面板如何通过这些元件连接在一起。
图3A显示了装饰面板***20a,其中面板10a以一运行结合模式在一墙的表面上方排列。图3B显示了装饰面板***20b,其中面板10a堆叠。图4显示了另一装饰面板***30,其中面板(10b)具有一琢石外观。以虚线所示的附连装置包括模制在面板背面上的转接件50和通过支架附连至墙的轨道100。为了简化,没有显示所有的附连装置。
图5A-5C显示了面板***如何附连至一墙。轨道100具有一带有本体部分101和T截面102的T形。带有槽52的转接件50安装在轨道100上的T截面102上方。本体部分101通过一例如支架的连接件附连至墙W,但本体部分可以通过任何适当的装置来附连。轨道100具有一个或多个狭槽或孔103,支架110附连于此,并通过螺母120和螺栓122穿过小孔112来保持固定。较佳地,轨道与墙的距离可以是不同的。这允许安装者产生墙的一平滑或平直的外观,否则会具有一不规则的表面外观,如同在经历沉陷的旧墙中时而会发生的那样。通过支架100的部分114上的螺钉螺纹115来提供调整离墙距离的较佳的方式,小孔112可调整地安装于此。因此,可将小孔112离开墙一所需的距离而定位。分段116垂直于分段114,并延伸入墙。
图6A-6C显示了带有T截面102的轨道100可与另一类型的支架一起使用。吊架130在轨道100上形成,被设计成它与模制到面板10c的顶部边缘上的悬挂元件140联锁。
图7A显示了一护墙块料墙的一部分,包括例如在普通转让的、待审查的2004年1月9日提交的美国专利申请第10/754,454号中所描述的护墙块料,该专利内容结合于此作为参照。块料70装备有槽72,从而支架110可以在块料之间安装。轨道100装备有一个或多个狭槽103,它们足够长,来在轨道相对于墙的垂直定位中提供相当大的伸缩性。金属丝105连通支架100的小孔112(靠近图7A的顶部)。螺栓120和螺母122将支架附连至轨道(靠近图7A的底部)。
图7B进一步显示了支架110的部分114(局部以虚线显示)如何在槽72中的块料之间安装。支架的部分116延伸进入块料的一空穴或内核(例如内核74),从而定位成紧接于块料并保持固定。
图8A和8B显示了一L形支架适于将一轨道附连至石工墙W。轨道100装备有一个或多个狭槽103(两个狭槽在图8A中显示)。L角支架160具有两个装备有可被螺栓穿过的一钻孔的部分161和162。螺栓165穿过部分162用螺帽166和垫圈167来保持固定。一第二螺栓169螺纹穿过在分段161中的钻孔,从而将轨道螺栓连接入墙。如上所述,可以将一面板附连至轨道。
图9显示了使用一销附连装置的三个块料80的一分解侧视图。销85具有直部分或杆86和头部87,该直部分或杆86安装入一销孔(以虚线显示),且该头部87在块料面上方延伸并进入上面块料的一凹处。以此方式,销稳定墙。
使用类似的块料来形成三层块料,彼此稍微后移。图9显示了护墙200的建造,其中块料80放置在一基础水准基座202上。底部块料在地面以下放置。在块料后放置了排水石。当使用带有土工格栅250的护墙块料时,块料边缘可能磨损土工格栅是一个关心的问题。为了防止这一点,一层块料的边缘装备有护甲220,来保护土工格栅不被磨损。护甲220包括任何适当的抗磨损材料,诸如乙烯树脂、铝、不锈钢和类似物,并成形成安装在块料层的边缘上。土工格栅250放置在排水石上方,并越过块料层的顶部。
然后如图10所示,放置三个多层块料。土壤往块料后移动,并被压实。然后将土工格栅放置在块料顶层的上方,在墙后面延伸,包围三层块料,从而形成土工格栅包围层255。在放置了三个多层块料之后,土工格栅牢牢地保持在位。在图10中,将土工格栅包围层255在护墙前的定位放大,以便清晰地看见它。在使用中,它会保持紧邻于墙面。图10还显示了第二土工格栅250在块料的最高层上方的定位。
图11显示了带有本发明的装饰面板***20在位的一完整的护墙的剖视图。护墙具有两个土工格栅包围层255和封顶层212,该封顶层212装备有一悬垂物213,本发明的装饰面板***20安装于其下。通过支架110,面板10被附连至轨道100并保持。这可以在图12中更清晰地看到,其中护墙200具有一土工格栅包围层255。装饰面板***是在一运行结合模式中,并被附连至轨道100。轨道100通过支架100附连至墙。为了简化,仅仅显示了部分墙,且仅仅显示了一个土工格栅包围层,但应该理解,可以使用多于一个土工格栅包围层。
本发明的装饰面板***也适用于其它类型的护墙***。例如,如图13A所示,多个土工格栅可以安装在一***中,该***使用填满土壤的金属丝架作为护墙元件。一墙的一剖视图显示了土工格栅如何在墙400中在每个金属丝架下在位。金属丝架410在图13B中显示。这种类型的护墙经常是临时的。第一金属丝架设置在压实的土壤或基础层402之下,将土工格栅450放置并附连至金属丝架。假如需要的话,用土壤和/或岩石灌过它并压实。将另一金属丝架和土工格栅放置在位,填充土壤,等等。最顶层可以是一覆盖层,例如塑料,或可以是更多的土壤或沙砾。然后,如上所述,通过轨道和支架来安装本发明的装饰面板***。一封顶层420带有凹处422来接纳装饰***20,用于墙的顶部。
对于临时护墙使用的另一选择在图14中显示。在墙500中,将土工格栅550放置在压实的土壤或基础层502之下,在其上放置泥土,并将土工格栅放回越过泥土,来形成土工格栅包围层555。通过在土工格栅包围层之间延伸的支架510附连装饰面板***520。
装饰面板***也可以用于建筑中的墙,如图15所示,其中面板10形成一部分的完工墙面,例如在建筑物表面上的壁板600。附连装置如前所述。
图16A和16B显示了适于将一轨道100附连至一墙的一角支架,例如木框WF。角支架可以安装在一个或多个狭槽上,并可以根据需要定位。角支架170具有基础部分171和垂直部分172,两者都装备有螺纹螺栓或螺钉可穿过的钻孔。螺栓175穿过部分172通过螺帽176和垫圈177来保持固定,从而将支架附连至轨道。木螺钉179螺纹地穿过在分段171中的钻孔,从而将轨道螺栓连接进入墙。然后将一面板以如上所述地附连至轨道。
尽管在此详细描述了特定的诸实施例,这仅仅是为了说明的目的,而并不是要限制下面所附的权利要求书的范围。尤其,发明人预期到,可以作出多种替换、改变和修正,而不脱离如权利要求书所限定的本发明的精神和范围。例如,对于了解了在此公开的实施例的本领域普通技术人员,都会认为材料的选择和形状的变化是一常规问题。
Claims (22)
1.一种墙***,包括:
墙部件,用于建造一护墙;
多个矩形面板,每个面板具有限定一面板厚度的一前表面和一相对的后表面、一组相对的上缘和下缘以及一组相对的第一和第二侧缘,所述前表面包括嵌入一树脂的一矿质骨料;以及
用于连接所述多个面板至由所述墙部件形成的所述护墙的装置。
2.如权利要求1所述的墙***,其特征在于,所述墙部件选自天然石材、灌浇混凝土、预制板、石工、景观木材、铁路枕木、墙块料及其组合。
3.如权利要求1所述的墙***,其特征在于,所述墙部件是墙块料。
4.如权利要求1所述的墙***,其特征在于,所述矿质骨料是天然石材骨料。
5.如权利要求1所述的墙***,其特征在于,所述树脂包含玻璃纤维。
6.如权利要求1所述的墙***,其特征在于,用于连接所述多个面板至所述护墙的所述装置选自螺钉和螺栓、钩、支架、连接接头、连接槽及其组合。
7.如权利要求1所述的墙***,其特征在于,每组相对的面板缘分别具有配合的榫舌和凹槽附件,从而邻近两面板各自的榫舌附件和凹槽附件连接所述邻近面板。
8.如权利要求1所述的墙***,其特征在于,用于将所述多个面板连接至所述护墙的所述装置模制到所述面板的背面中。
9.如权利要求1所述的墙***,其特征在于,用于将所述多个面板连接至所述护墙的所述装置包括在所述墙上的一第一联锁部件,该第一联锁部件与模制到所述面板的背面中的一第二联锁部件相配合。
10.如权利要求1所述的墙***,其特征在于,所述第一联锁部件是一轨道。
11.如权利要求10所述的墙***,其特征在于,所述第二联锁部件是附连至所述轨道的一支架。
12.如权利要求11所述的墙***,其特征在于,所述轨道是具有一T形横截面的一纵向本体。
13.如权利要求12所述的墙***,其特征在于,所述纵向本体具有所述支架附连至的狭槽。
14.如权利要求13所述的墙***,其特征在于,所述支架具有与整个所述T形横截面配合地安装的一槽。
15.如权利要求10所述的墙***,其特征在于,所述轨道具有形成于其上的一吊架,所述第二联锁部件具有模制到一面板的一边缘上的一悬挂元件。
16.一种用于制造包括多个墙块料和土工栅格的一护墙***的方法,包括:
以一层或多层方式堆垛墙块料,来形成所述护墙的一第一部分,所述第一部分具有一前表面和形成所述第一部分一上表面的一块料上层;
将所述土工格栅放置在所述护墙的所述第一部分上方,以使所述土工格栅的一第一部分在所述护墙的后面延伸,而所述土工格栅的一第二部分在所述护墙的前面延伸;
以附加的一层或多层方式在所述护墙的所述第一部分的上方堆垛墙块料,来形成所述护墙的一第二部分,所述土工格栅在所述护墙的所述第一部分的所述上表面和所述第二部分的一下表面之间延伸,所述第二墙部分具有一前墙面和形成所述第二部分的一上表面的一块料上层;
将所述土工格栅向后折叠经过在所述第二部分的所述前表面和上表面的上方,从而所述土工格栅的所述第二部分在所述护墙的后面延伸;以及
以附加的一层或多层方式在所述护墙的所述第二部分的上方堆垛墙块料,来形成所述护墙的一第三部分,所述土工格栅在所述护墙的所述第二部分的所述上表面和所述第三部分的一下表面之间延伸,所述第三墙部分具有一前墙面和形成所述第三部分的一上表面的一块料上层。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
提供多个面板;以及
将所述面板连接至所述护墙的所述前表面。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,所述面板由在玻璃纤维中的一矿质骨料形成。
19.如权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,邻近的第一和第二面板中的一个具有榫舌附件装置,而邻近的第一和第二面板中的另一个具有配合的榫舌和凹槽附件装置。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,所述榫舌和凹槽附件装置分别在邻近的第一和第二面板的相对的面板侧面上。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法,其特征在于,包括将在一第一面板上的一榫舌附件装置和在一第二面板上的一凹槽附件装置联锁。
22.如权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,包括在所述土工格栅和一邻近的块料之间放置一保护层。
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US60/566,616 | 2004-04-29 |
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CNA2005800133869A Pending CN1946906A (zh) | 2004-04-29 | 2005-04-28 | 用于墙、护墙和类似物的饰面 |
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EP (1) | EP1745180A1 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20070004036A (zh) |
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AU (1) | AU2005241023A1 (zh) |
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-
2005
- 2005-04-28 AU AU2005241023A patent/AU2005241023A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-04-28 CN CNA2005800133869A patent/CN1946906A/zh active Pending
- 2005-04-28 WO PCT/US2005/014769 patent/WO2005108683A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-04-28 KR KR1020067021253A patent/KR20070004036A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-04-28 EP EP05742129A patent/EP1745180A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-04-28 MX MXPA06012165A patent/MXPA06012165A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-04-28 US US11/117,077 patent/US20050252144A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2009
- 2009-08-19 US US12/543,893 patent/US20090304459A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-08-31 US US12/551,070 patent/US8511024B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104685133A (zh) * | 2012-08-08 | 2015-06-03 | 汤田晋市 | 壁面构筑方法以及壁面构造 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20090304459A1 (en) | 2009-12-10 |
MXPA06012165A (es) | 2007-01-17 |
US8511024B2 (en) | 2013-08-20 |
KR20070004036A (ko) | 2007-01-05 |
EP1745180A1 (en) | 2007-01-24 |
WO2005108683A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
US20050252144A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
AU2005241023A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
US20090313936A1 (en) | 2009-12-24 |
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