CN1924400A - 电力可变混合动力的变速器及传动系 - Google Patents

电力可变混合动力的变速器及传动系 Download PDF

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CN1924400A
CN1924400A CNA2006101267208A CN200610126720A CN1924400A CN 1924400 A CN1924400 A CN 1924400A CN A2006101267208 A CNA2006101267208 A CN A2006101267208A CN 200610126720 A CN200610126720 A CN 200610126720A CN 1924400 A CN1924400 A CN 1924400A
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planetary gear
gear system
power
output shaft
power unit
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CN100464090C (zh
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M·R·施密德特
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Motors Liquidation Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/727—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
    • B60K6/10—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel
    • B60K6/105—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel the accumulator being a flywheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/30—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by chargeable mechanical accumulators, e.g. flywheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2097—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion comprising an orbital gear set member permanently connected to the housing, e.g. a sun wheel permanently connected to the housing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/909—Gearing
    • Y10S903/91—Orbital, e.g. planetary gears
    • Y10S903/911—Orbital, e.g. planetary gears with two or more gear sets

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于车辆的利用飞轮存储能量的电力可变混合动力的变速器及传动系。飞轮通过两套行星齿轮装置连接到变速器的输出轴和第一电力单元。还设有第二电力单元，其与变速器的输入轴可选择性地连接，并与机械动力源的输出轴持续地相连。变速器、第一电力单元和第二电力单元、飞轮、机械动力源共同向主减速器提供连续可变的转速以驱动装有混合动力传动系的车辆。

Description

电力可变混合动力的变速器及传动系
技术领域
本发明涉及混合动力车辆的传动系。
背景技术
为提高车辆燃油经济性并降低排放，在车辆上安装电力可变混合动力的变速器(EVT)***。EVT***通过差速齿轮将变速器输入轴与输出轴之间的机械能分成机械动力支路与电力支路。机械动力支路可以包括转矩传递机构，如离合器，制动器和齿轮。电力支路则可以拥有两套电力单元，每一套都可作为电动机或发电机工作。具有能量储存装置(如化学电池)的EVT***可并入混合动力车辆的混合动力车辆传动系。还可并入另外的的能量储存装置，例如飞轮电池，该飞轮电池可以利用飞轮的旋转惯性存储动能。通过旋转的飞轮带动发电机运转将动能充分地转化为电能。传统上，飞轮电池是远离EVT***安装的。
发明内容
提供的电力可变传动系包括具有输出轴和第一行星齿轮装置的变速器，其中第一行星齿轮装置具有第一元件、第二元件及第三元件。第一行星齿轮装置的第二元件与输出轴持续地相连。还设有第一电力单元，其与第一行星齿轮装置的第一元件持续地相连，该第一电力单元可以是电动机/发电机单元。另外，第二行星齿轮装置，具有第一元件、第二元件及第三元件，其中第二行星齿轮装置的第二元件与第一行星齿轮的第三元件持续地相连。飞轮与第二行星齿轮装置的第一元件持续地相连，且与输出轴同轴布置。
第二行星齿轮的第三元件可以锁止或接机架。本发明中的变速器可以是自动换档动力变速器。本发明中的电力可变传动系还可以包括具有输出轴且能向该输出轴提供机械动力的机械动力源。可设有与变速器相连的输入轴。该输入轴与机械动力源的输出轴可选择性地旋转连接。另外，第二电力单元可以是电动机/发电机单元，它与机械动力源的输出轴持续地相连以随之整体旋转。可设有电子控制单元，其与第一电力单元和第二电力单元电连接。在机械动力源的输出轴与变速器的输入轴之间设有液力驱动装置，其对两者进行可选择性地连接。该液力驱动装置可以是液力变矩器，该液力变矩器具有与机械动力源的输出轴持续地相连的泵、定子以及与变速器输入轴持续地相连的涡轮部分。机械动力源的输出轴与变速器的输入轴之间还设置有锁止离合器。
本发明的另一方面是提供一种电力可变混动力的合变速器***，其包括具有输入轴和输出轴的自动换档动力变速器。还设有与输出轴同轴布置的可旋转的飞轮和至少一个电力单元。还设有第一行星齿轮装置，其具有第一元件、第二元件及第三元件。所述第一元件与所述至少一个电力单元中的第一电力单元持续地相连，所述第二元件与自动换档动力变速器的输出轴持续地相连。设有第二行星齿轮装置，其具有第一元件、第二元件及第三元件。所述第一元件与飞轮持续地相连，第二元件与第一行星齿轮装置的第三元件持续地相连，第三元件可以锁止或接机架。
设有至少一个另外的电力单元，其与自动换档动力变速器的输入轴可选择性地连接以随之整体旋转。可设有液力驱动装置，其将所述另外的电力单元与自动换档动力变速器的输入轴可选择性地连接。
本发明的另一方面是提供一种电力可变混合动力的变速器***，其包括具有输入轴和输出轴的自动换档动力变速器。设有与输出轴同轴布置的可旋转的飞轮。第一电力单元和第二电力单元设有电子控制单元，该电子控制单元与第一电力单元和第二电力单元电连接。第二电力单元通过液力驱动装置与自动换档动力变速器的输入轴可选择性地连接以随之整体旋转。本发明中的电力可变混合动力的变速器***还包括第一行星齿轮装置，其具有第一元件、第二元件及第三元件。所述第一元件与第一电力单元持续地相连，第二元件与自动换档动力变速器的输出轴持续地相连。还设有第二行星齿轮装置，其具有第一元件、第二元件及第三元件。所述第一元件与飞轮持续地相连，所述第二元件与第一行星齿轮装置的第三元件持续地相连，第三元件被锁止或接机架。
结合附图，根据本发明的最佳实施例将容易地理解上述特征和优点及本发明其它特征和优点。
附图说明
图1为本发明电力可变混合动力的传动系的结构简图；
图2为图1所示电力可变混合动力的传动系中各部件转速相对于混合动力车辆车速的曲线图。
具体实施方式
参考附图，在图1中看到电力可变混合动力的传动系10包括发动机12、电力可变混合动力的变速器***14和主减速器16。
该电力可变混合动力的变速器***14包括：自动换档变速器18，液力驱动装置20，一对电力单元22和24，主泵26，第一行星齿轮装置28，第二行星齿轮装置30，飞轮32。液力驱动装置20包括一个液力联接装置，例如液力变矩器34，和锁止离合器36。设置锁止离合器36以通过减小液力变矩器34的内部滑动损失来提高液力驱动装置20的效率。锁止离合器36最好采用电控柔性离合器，即ECCC。ECCC允许锁止离合器36存在少量的滑动以减除发动机12的点火脉冲对电力可变混合传动系10的其余部件的影响。1986年4月15日出版的Grimes等人的美国专利文献US4582185公开了这种***，该专利已转让给本发明的受让人，据此将其全文作为本发明的引证文件。液力变矩器34具有泵部分38、定子40及涡轮部分42。发动机12的输出轴44与泵部分38、电力单元22和主泵26持续地相连，以与之整体旋转。自动变速器18的输入轴46与液力变矩器34的涡轮部分42持续地相连。
当发动机12驱动输出轴44时，转矩变换器34的泵部分38将液体输入涡轮部分42从而推动涡轮部分42及与之相连的输入轴46旋转。定子40通过将液体从涡轮部分42中导入泵部分38中增加转矩。发动机12最好采用内燃机，如点燃式或压燃式发动机。当泵部分38与涡轮部分42之间的相对转速非常接近时，锁止离合器36接合，将发动机12的输出轴44与变速器18的输入轴46连接以使其基本上整体旋转。主泵26工作时可提供压力流体，以影响自动变速器18内的转矩传递机构(未示出)的接合。另外，主泵26为自动变速器18提供润滑油。
自动变速器18在发动机12与主减速器16之间具有多个可选择性建立的传动比。这些传动比一般是通过液力驱动转矩传递机构(未示出)，如离合器和制动器，建立的。这些转矩传递机构的结合与分离由阀门机构(未示出)控制，该阀门机构引导液压流体进出于各装置的控制活塞。变速器18的输出轴48可向主减速器16提供驱动转矩。
电子控制单元50控制电力单元22和24。电子控制单元50通过一对电导体52和54与电力单元22电连接，并通过一对电导体56和58与电力单元24电连接。电力单元22和24最好采用可用作动力供应器(电动机)或电力发生器的电动机/发电机单元。当其用作电动机或者电力供应器时，电力单元22和24向自动变速器18提供动力。当其用作发电机时，电力单元22和24将从自动变速器18获取电力。电子控制单元50从车辆，发动机12及自动变速器18接收许多的输入。这些输入包括发动机转速、车速、进气歧管的气压等。这些输入用作集成在电子控制单元50中的可编程型数字计算机的输入信号。然后电子控制单元50有效地分配控制信号以使电力可变混合变速器***14按控制方式运行。
行星齿轮装置28包括太阳轮60、齿圈62和行星架组件64。行星架组件64包括多个小齿轮66，它们可旋转地安装在行星架68上，并与太阳轮60及齿圈62都构成啮合关系。
行星齿轮装置30包括太阳轮70、齿圈72和行星架组件74。行星架组件74包括多个小齿轮76，它们可旋转地安装在行星架78上，并与太阳轮70及齿圈72都构成啮合关系。
电力单元24与太阳轮60可操作地连接以随之整体旋转。行星架68与输出轴48可操作地连接以随之整体旋转。齿圈62与行星架78可操作地连接以随之整体旋转。太阳轮70与飞轮32可操作地连接以随之整体旋转。齿圈72接机架或固定不动。需要指出的是，权利要求中所述的行星齿轮装置的第一元件、第二元件及第三元件不必限定其具体类型；例如，第一元件可以是齿圈，太阳轮或行星架中的任意一种。同样，权利要求中所述的两个或多个齿轮装置中各自的第一元件、第二元件或第三元件可以是相同类型的元件，也可以是不同类型的元件。
图2是电力可变混合动力的传动系10中各部件转速(RPM)相对于混合动力车辆车速(MPH)的曲线图。现在参照图1和图2，发动机12的转速和电力单元22的转速由曲线80绘出，飞轮32的转速由曲线82绘出，电力单元24的转速由曲线84绘出，自动变速器18的输出轴48的转速由曲线86绘出。发动机12的旋转方向定为前向或正方向，而与发动机12旋转方向相反的方向则定为反向或负方向。图2中所示的曲线对应于流过车辆的最大功率。也就是说，发动机12运行在其最大负荷情况下，每个电力单元22和24都运行在其最大电力生成和/或功率输出的情况下。
当操纵车辆反向运行时，例如车速为负时，发动机12和电力单元22的转速将从如曲线80所示的怠速点开始增加。在反向模式中，输出轴48将以负方向旋转并驱动车辆反向行驶。电力单元24以发电机状态运行，向以电动机状态运行的电力单元22提供电动力。
当操纵车辆以前向模式运行时，发动机12和电力单元22的转速将从如曲线80所示的怠速条件开始增加。曲线80中的阶梯状是由于锁止离合器36在变速器18中各种不同传动比情况下接合的结果。如曲线86所示，输出轴48的转速将增加，从而驱动车辆前进。如曲线82所示，飞轮32的转速将降低，其通过行星齿轮装置28和30将旋转动能传递给电力单元24。电力单元24通过电子控制单元50，以发电机状态运行，向电力单元22提供电动力，此时电力单元22以电动机状态运行。当车辆以图2中点88处的速度运行时，电力单元24从发电机运行状态转换，开始以电动机状态运行。从而，电力单元22从电动机运行状态转换为发电机运行状态。飞轮32将继续向电力可变传动系10提供动力直到图2所示的点90处。在点90处，电力单元22和24均以发电机状态运行。
虽然对实现本发明的最佳实施例已作了详细的描述，但各种在所附权利要求书范围内为实现本发明的等同设计和实施例，对于本发明所属领域的那些技术人员都是显而易见的。

Claims (18)

1.一种电力可变传动系，包括：
变速器，其具有输出轴；
第一行星齿轮装置，其具有第一元件、第二元件及第三元件，所述第二元件与所述输出轴持续地相连；
第一电力单元，其与所述第一行星齿轮装置的所述第一元件持续地相连；
第二行星齿轮装置，其具有第一元件、第二元件及第三元件，所述第二元件与所述第一行星齿轮装置的所述第三元件持续地相连；
飞轮，其与所述第二行星齿轮装置的第一元件持续地相连，并与所述输出轴同轴布置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电力可变传动系，其中所述第二行星齿轮装置的所述第三元件被锁止或与机架相接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电力可变传动系，其中所述变速器是自动换档动力变速器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电力可变传动系，还包括：
机械动力源，其具有输出轴，所述机械动力源可操作地向所述输出轴提供机械动力；
输入轴，其与所述变速器相连，所述输入轴与所述机械动力源的所述输出轴可选择性地旋转连接；及
第二电力单元，其与所述机械动力源的所述输出轴持续地相连，以随之整体旋转。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电力可变传动系，还包括：
电子控制单元；并且
其中所述第一电力单元和第二电力单元与所述的电子控制单元电连接。
6.根据权利要求4所述的电力可变传动系，其中所述的第一电力单元与第二电力单元中至少有一个是电动机/发电机单元。
7.根据权利要求4所述的电力可变传动系，还包括：
液力驱动装置，其布置于所述机械动力源的所述输出轴与所述变速器的所述输入轴之间，可选择性地连接两者。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电力可变传动系，还包括：
所述液力驱动装置为液力变矩器，其具有泵、定子及涡轮，其中所述泵与所述机械动力源的所述输出轴持续地相连，所述涡轮与所述变速器的所述输入轴持续地相连；及
锁止离合器，其布置在所述机械动力源的所述输出轴与所述变速器的所述输入轴之间。
9.根据权利要求1所述的电力可变传动系，其中所述第一行星齿轮装置及第二行星齿轮装置的所述第一元件是太阳轮，所述第一行星齿轮装置及第二行星齿轮装置的所述第二元件是行星架组件，所述第一行星齿轮装置及第二行星齿轮装置的所述第三元件是齿圈。
10.一种电力可变混合动力的变速器***，包括：
自动换档动力变速器，其具有输入轴和输出轴；
可旋转的飞轮，其与所述输出轴同轴布置；
至少一个电力单元；
第一行星齿轮装置，其具有第一元件、第二元件及第三元件，所述第一元件与所述至少一个电力单元中的第一电力单元持续地相连，所述第二元件与所述自动换档动力变速器的所述输出轴持续地相连；及
第二行星齿轮装置，其具有第一元件、第二元件及第三元件，所述第一元件与所述飞轮持续地连接，所述第二元件与所述第一行星齿轮装置的所述第三元件持续地相连，所述第三元件被锁止或接机架。
11.根据权利要求10所述的电力可变混合动力的变速器***，还包括：
至少另一个电力单元，其与所述自动换档动力变速器的所述输入轴可选择性地连接以随之整体旋转。
12.根据权利要求11所述的电力可变混合动力的变速器***，还包括：
液力驱动装置，其将所述另一个电力单元与所述自动换档动力变速器的所述输入轴可选择性地连接。
13.根据权利要求10所述的电力可变混合动力的变速器***，其中所述的至少一个电力单元是电动机/发电机单元。
14.根据权利要求11所述的电力可变混合动力的变速器***，还包括：
电子控制单元，其与所述的至少一个电力单元电连接。
15.根据权利要求10所述的电力可变混合动力的变速器***，其中所述第一行星齿轮装置及第二行星齿轮装置的所述第一元件是太阳轮，所述第一行星齿轮装置及第二行星齿轮装置的所述第二元件是行星架组件，所述第一行星齿轮装置及第二行星齿轮装置的所述第三元件是齿圈。
16.一种电力可变混合动力的变速器***，包括：
自动换档动力变速器，其具有输入轴和输出轴；
可旋转的飞轮，其与所述输出轴同轴布置；
第一电力单元和第二电力单元；
电子控制单元，其与所述第一电力单元和第二电力单元电连接；
其中所述第二电力单元通过液力驱动装置与自动换档动力变速器的输入轴可选择性地连接以基本上随之整体旋转；
第一行星齿轮装置，其具有第一元件、第二元件及第三元件，所述第一元件与所述第一电力单元持续地相连，所述第二元件与所述自动换档动力变速器的所述输出轴持续地相连；及
第二行星齿轮装置，其具有第一元件、第二元件及第三元件，所述第一元件与所述飞轮持续相连，所述第二元件与所述第一行星齿轮的所述第三元件持续地相连，所述第三元件被锁止或接机架。
17.根据权利要求16所述的电力可变混合动力的变速器***，其中所述第一电力单元和第二电力单元是电动机/发电机单元。
18.根据权利要求16所述的电力可变混合动力的变速器***，其中所述第一行星齿轮装置及第二行星齿轮装置的所述第一元件是太阳轮，所述第一行星齿轮装置及第二行星齿轮装置的所述第二元件是行星架组件，所述第一行星齿轮装置及第二行星齿轮装置的所述第三元件是齿圈。
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US20070049443A1 (en) 2007-03-01

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