CN1705622A - 用于建筑构件的粘合剂组合物及制备构件的方法 - Google Patents

用于建筑构件的粘合剂组合物及制备构件的方法 Download PDF

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CN1705622A
CN1705622A CNA2003801017616A CN200380101761A CN1705622A CN 1705622 A CN1705622 A CN 1705622A CN A2003801017616 A CNA2003801017616 A CN A2003801017616A CN 200380101761 A CN200380101761 A CN 200380101761A CN 1705622 A CN1705622 A CN 1705622A
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C·博内托
M·多梅内克
A·珀蒂
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    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于建筑构件、特别是用于具有纸面涂层的石膏板的粘合涂层组合物。所述组合物包括:a)50至60%的硫酸钙半水合物;b)5至15%的粉末状有机接合剂;和c)0.05至0.2%的防水剂。本发明进一步涉及用于制造例如隔板、墙壁包层或天花板结构的方法。根据所述方法,使建筑构件邻接,将所述涂层组合物与水混合以获得涂层材料,不使用胶带而用上述所得的涂层材料填充建筑构件之间的空隙,并且留置涂层使其硬化。

Description

用于建筑构件的粘合剂组合物及制备构件的方法
本发明涉及用于建筑构件、特别是用于纸面石膏板的粘合剂组合物,以及制造例如隔板、墙面装饰或天花板的建筑构件的方法。
公知使用例如石膏板的建筑护墙板来制造作为垂直的或倾斜的构件的隔板和装饰,或者制造悬挂的或非悬挂的天花板。
通常,这些石膏板是由一个中心部分制成,该中心部分基本上由石膏制成,在其每一面上覆盖有既作为增强件又作为表层的片材,所述片材可由纸或无机纤维制成。
欧洲专利申请No.496 682公开了一种用于填充由两块石膏板相邻的侧边形成的接合,以及用于形成一个无胶带接合的粘合剂。该粘合剂包括以重量百分比计算的所有干燥物料:
-5至30%的半水合石膏;
-7至25%作为含水相的悬浮液和/或作为可再分散性粉末的聚合物;
-如果需要,用于调节固化时间和/或用于调节粘合剂粘贴和/或粘接质量的其它添加剂;
-至少一种使组合物的组成达到100%的内部填料。
该专利申请的实施例15特别地公开了一种组合物,包括,以重量份计的下述组分:
-194份的α石膏(alpha-plaster);
-108份用聚乙烯醇稳定的并具有55%固体含量的乙酸乙烯酯/乙烯共聚物;
-6.6份作为可再分散粉末的乙酸乙烯酯/乙烯共聚物;
-0.67份纤维素醚;
-669.3份石灰石;
-2.25份聚乙烯醇;
-0.027份聚丙烯酰胺;
-2.25份粘土;
-0.045份白色硅酸盐水泥;
-1.12份石膏+淀粉(50/50);
-0.125份水解降解的角蛋白。
美国专利申请No.5 653 797公开了一种用于填充由石膏板形成的护墙板的相邻侧边形成的接合的组合物,该组合物包括:
(a)硫酸钙半水合物;
(b)足以调节组合物粘度的水量;
(c)一种缓凝剂,包括基于包含丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸单体的聚合物的组合物;
(d)一种促凝剂,包括包含酸性阳离子的金属盐。
该专利提及了可能使用例如胶乳或聚乙烯醇的粘合剂。
该专利第8栏的表II列出了一种组合物,包括:
-20至30%的硫酸钙半水合物;
-1至4%的胶乳型粘合剂;
-1至10%的珍珠岩;
-10至50%的石灰石;
-0.5至4%的粘土;
-0.1至1%的增稠剂;
-0.5至3%的滑石;
-1至4%的云母;
-0.01至1%的上述特定的缓凝剂;
-0.01至2%的上述特定的促凝剂;
-0.01至1%的防腐剂;
-20至30%的水。
但是,当该组合物***时,其会出现过度收缩。
国际申请No.99/48833公开了一种可用作填充相邻石膏板之间接合的组合物。当其与有效量的促凝剂混合时,该组合物会在水中固化,而且其包括一种例如石膏的材料和一种基于磺化聚合物或共聚物的特定缓凝剂。
该申请的实施例11公开了一种用于填充接合的组合物,其具有下述组成(以重量%计):
-35.9%的硫酸钙半水合物;
-4.1%的乙酸乙烯酯/乙烯共聚物的50%水溶液;
-7.1%的珍珠岩;
-0.3%的纤维素醚;
-8.1%的石灰石;
-2.6%的硅灰石;
-2.6%的高岭土;
-0.1%的石灰;
-1.0%的缓凝剂;
-38.3%的水。
该组合物也具有产生过度收缩的主要缺陷。
已经描述的这些粘合剂或组合物都具有不令人满意的缺点,是由于其不具有下述所有质量:
-良好的可使用性;
-与将要用于其中的建筑构件一致的颜色;
-获得具有零或几乎为零收缩的接合能力和良好的机械性能(硬度、抗张强度、耐压强度、冲击强度,和轻微的变形或弹性以防止裂缝)。
此外,前述文献US5 653 797和WO 99/48833的组合物具有包含有效缓凝剂的特性,该缓凝剂阻止了硫酸钙半水合物的水解。因此,使用者要加入促凝剂以使水解开始。由于使用者不能加入准确计量的促凝剂,所以当将粘合剂用于所用位置时,必然存有困难。
另外,这些组合物会随着时间而改变。根据由于组合物的制备而流逝的时间,在应用时加入相同量的促凝剂不会具有相同的效果。因此可以断定,在感觉上水解固化具有不确定性,即不能精确地知道该固化将会在何时发生。
此外,当建筑构件为覆盖有纸面的石膏板时,则产生其它问题:
-一方面,粘合剂必须具有与纸面的良好粘接性,另一方面,墙纸与接合的粘接也必须是良好的但不能过度,以便可以一次或多次剥离墙纸而既不会撕破或破坏粘合剂;
-粘合剂必须具有与纸面尽可能接近的吸水或吸收颜料的特性,以避免在贴墙纸或着色之前不得不涂覆一底层。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种无胶带或不使用胶带的粘合剂组合物,该组合物在与水混合后,提供一种具有上述的质量和特性的粘合剂。该目的是基于下述发现,为了使粘合剂令人满意,粘合剂必须含有硫酸钙、接合剂和抗水剂,同时必须使其比例精确。
因此,本发明的主题是一种粘合剂组合物(joint compoundcomposition),包括:
a)50至60%的硫酸钙半水合物;
b)5至15%的粉末状有机接合剂;
c)0.05至0.2%的抗水剂。
在与水混合后,该组合物由此提供了可通过使用其自身而在水中固化的粘合剂,也就是说,其既是一种填充的粘合剂又是一种最终的粘合剂,并且可以产生一种不必使用胶带的接合。
本发明的主题还涉及一种制造构件的方法,其中:
-将建筑构件并列放置;
-将本发明的粘合剂组合物与水混合以获得粘合剂;
-不使用胶带而用上面获得的粘合剂填充建筑构件之间的空间;
-留置粘合剂使其硬化。
最后,本发明涉及一种通过使用该方法而获得的接合。
通过阅读下述说明,本发明的其它特性和优点将变得清晰。
本发明的详细描述
本发明的组合物
以上已给出了本发明的基本组成。
根据本发明的一个优选实施方案,该组合物进一步包括:
d)1至10%的发光剂(轻质量试剂)。
根据本发明一个特别有利的实施方案,该组合物包括:
a)50至60%的硫酸钙半水合物;
b)5至10%的有机接合剂;
c)0.07至0.15%的抗水剂;
d)3至7%的发光剂。
当然,与100%组成相差的余量由一种或多种填料和任选的一种或多种添加剂组成,该添加剂选自保水剂、增稠剂、增塑剂、染料或颜料、缓凝剂或促凝剂。
优选地,使用α型硫酸钙半水合物,因为这样可以减少用于混合组合物的水的必需量。
有机接合剂具有软化接合中的硫酸钙及获得良好机械性能的作用。作为粘合剂,可以使用乙烯基酯的共聚物和乙烯单体的共聚物,例如增塑的或未增塑的乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)共聚物、乙烯/叔碳酸(versatate)乙烯共聚物和乙酸乙烯酯/叔碳酸乙烯共聚物、聚丙烯酸、乙酸乙烯酯/丙烯酸共聚物、苯乙烯/丙烯酸和苯乙烯/丁二烯共聚物、乙酸乙烯酯/叔碳酸乙烯/丙烯酸和乙酸乙烯酯/叔碳酸乙烯/乙烯马来酸酯三元共聚物、丙烯酸三元共聚物及其混合物。
可以使用聚乙烯醇稳定乙烯基共聚物。
优选地,还可以以可再分散的粉末形式使用有机接合剂。
作为可以在本发明的粘合剂组合物中使用的抗水剂,特别地可选择脂肪酸、脂肪酸盐、蜡或硅树脂衍生物。
优选地,使用油酸或硬脂酸来作为脂肪酸。
作为脂肪酸盐,优选其碱金属或碱土金属盐,特别是其钠、钾、镁、钙盐。
作为硅树脂衍生物,可以提及的是硅酸盐、硅烷、氢化的硅酮油、硅油乳液、氨基硅油乳液、烷基硅氧烷树脂,如氢解的甲基聚硅氧烷和聚二甲基氨基硅氧烷、及其混合物。
最为优选的抗水剂选自油酸、硬脂酸、油酸钠或硬脂酸钠。
作为适用于本发明的发光剂,可以提及的是珍珠岩、玻璃微珠和聚合物微球。
优选地,该发光剂为非抗水膨胀的珍珠岩。
也可以使用至少一种的填料,例如石灰石、碳酸镁、碳酸钙镁(白云石)、氢氧化镁、硅石、天然或合成石膏、或其他磨过的天然或合成硬石膏。优选地,使用石灰石。
本发明的粘合剂组合物还可包括一种或多种保水剂,该保水剂选自纤维素醚、特别是甲基纤维素(MC)、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、羟乙基纤维素(HEC)、乙基羟乙基纤维素(EHEC)、甲基羟丙基纤维素(MHPC)或甲基羟乙基纤维素(MHEC)。
由于这些保水剂还具有改变粘度的作用,因此其对膏状物的质量具有负面影响。
任选地,该纤维素醚可部分地被可参与膏状物流变性的、天然存在的聚碳酸酯衍生物、例如半乳甘露聚糖、聚糖、黄原胶、瓜尔胶衍生物等所取代,或者伴随有这些物质。市场上可购得的“改性”纤维素醚通常为前述的带有其它湿润剂或增稠剂的分子:其非常适用于本发明。但也可以使用其它保水剂或改变粘度的试剂,例如淀粉醚或除了其主要功能以外,还表现出保水作用的试剂,如聚乙烯醇。
本发明的粘合剂组合物可进一步地包括一种或多种增稠剂,其可以是聚丙烯酰胺、CMC、淀粉衍生物或如绿坡缕石、海泡石、蒙脱石和斑脱土的粘土。
优选地,增稠剂为聚丙烯酰胺。
本发明的组合物还可包括一种或多种塑化剂。该塑化剂可以是增塑剂、湿润剂或增滑剂。
作为适用于本发明的增塑剂,可以提及的是磺化的聚合物,优选具有磺化的三聚氰胺-甲醛的试剂。
作为适用于本发明的湿润剂,可以提及的是烷基硫酸盐,例如.十二烷基硫酸钠、烷基芳香基磺酸盐或磷酸盐衍生物。
作为适用于本发明的增滑剂,可以提及的是滑石或云母。由于其薄片状的形态,当粘接和帮助降低收缩时,这些试剂可促进涂步机的滑动。
本发明的组合物还可包含一种或多种着色剂,选自例如二氧化钛或任选的荧光增白剂。
本发明的组合物还可含有用于调节固化时间的添加剂,其为缓凝剂或促凝剂。
通常,加入一对试剂,其中之一为促凝剂,而另一个为缓凝剂。
在可适用于本发明的促凝剂中,可以提及的是硫酸盐。优选地,以粉末状石膏和淀粉的混合物的形式使用石膏,由于含有不会使石膏老化的淀粉,所以石膏总是保持促进石膏板固化的相同能力。因此,使得粘合剂的固化不会受到外部石膏污染物,特别是以石膏板的槽或敷料器中的固化核心形式存在的那些污染物的影响。
在促凝剂中,可以提及的是基于水解降解的角蛋白、羟基羧酸如酒石酸、柠檬酸及这些酸的盐和单磷酸钙的试剂。可以以一定的比例来使用这些制剂,其比例是根据半水合物石膏和促凝剂的比例而变化的。
有利地,以硬化时间足够短而使得粘接在一天内完成的方式来调节促凝剂和缓凝剂的比例。
任选地,可将各种其它的添加剂加入到本发明的组合物中。因此,可以在组合物中加入一种可使粘合剂的pH值为碱性的试剂。主要地当保水剂为纤维素醚时,该碱性试剂使保水剂可更易于溶解并随后有利于粘度的形成。作为碱性试剂,可使用无机试剂,优选“白”硅酸盐水泥,即没有氧化铁或氧化钙的硅酸盐水泥。
同样优选地,在粘合剂中加入使pH值达到大于或等于8所需的碱性试剂量。
本发明组合物的制备
通过以任何的方式混合其组分至获得均匀的粉末,来制备本发明的粘合剂组合物。
尽管本发明组合物的组分不必都是以粉末形式,一旦已将其混合后,本发明的组合物通常且全部都是粉末状。
通常,构成粉末的颗粒可以具有最大200微米的直径。
制造本发明构件的方法
根据本发明,为了制造一个构件,将护墙板或建筑构件并列放置,将本发明的粘合剂组合物与水混合,从而获得粘合剂,随后不使用胶带而用所得粘合剂填充建筑构件之间的空间,留置粘合剂使其硬化。
通常,以40至50%范围内的水与粘合剂组合物的质量比进行混合。
本发明的方法尤为适用于以涂覆有纸面的石膏板为主的构件制造。
根据本发明的接合
通过使用本发明的方法,可以获得令人满意的接合。
这样的接合还具有可利用本领域普通技术人员使用的所有适宜着色技术,特别是利用辊、刷子或利用无空气喷涂来应用颜料的优点。
实施例
下述的实施例用于解释本发明,而不是要限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
制备根据本发明的粘合剂组合物E,以及三种本发明范围以外的粉末状粘合剂组合物A、B和C,来用作对比。
在下面的表中给出了其相应的配方,其中所列出的值为重量份:
                    粘合剂
组合物   E(本发明)   A(对比)   B(对比)   C(对比)
  石膏   α半水合物   500.0   500.0   500.0   500.0
  有机粘接剂   乙酸乙烯酯/乙烯共聚物(1)   -   40.0   40.0   40.0
  乙酸乙烯酯/叔碳酸乙烯共聚物(2)   60.0   -   -   -
  抗水剂   硅树脂粉末   -   -   2.0   -
  硬脂酸钠   1.0   -   -   1.0
  白水泥(3)   -   100.0   -   -
  发光剂   珍珠岩(4)   40.0   40.0   40.0   40.0
  保水剂   MHPC   3.0   3.0   3.0   3.0
  填料   石灰石   370.9   291.9   389.9   390.9
  塑化剂   滑石   20.0   20.0   20.0   20.0
添加剂   增稠剂、缓凝剂、促凝剂、着色剂   qsp1000   qsp1000   qsp1000   qsp1000
(1)用聚乙烯醇稳定;
(2)用聚乙烯醇稳定;
(3)白硅酸盐水泥;
(4)非抗水膨胀的。
实施例2
通过以每100克的组合物中有42克水的量,将水加入到实施例的组合物E、A、B、C中来制备粘合剂。随后对所得粘合剂进行测试以便制造在两个纸面石膏板间的接合。
组合物A未给出满意的结果,特别是因为水泥的使用以使浆状物具有高pH值,因此导致淀粉基壁纸粘合剂的水解,并因此使得壁纸不能粘接。
组合物B对将将颜料加到接合上具有良好应用以及对壁纸好的粘接。但是,很难混合该组合物,可能是因为硅树脂的湿润性很差。因此在所用现场不能进行这种混合。
组合物C具有好的混合。但是,当施加颜料时,接合吸收颜料过快,同时由于接合过大的孔隙度使该组合物吸收过多粘接,壁纸粘接到粘合剂上的粘接是不充分的。
满足所有本发明配方标准的组合物E混合正常,同时产生良好粘接,并且粘接剂产生了足够厚的膜来施加颜料或用于壁纸的粘接。所使用的α型石膏能够减少所需的水,并因此降低了干燥时的收缩。珍珠岩使得粘合剂易于刷平同时也减少了收缩。因此该粘合剂满足了所有观点。

Claims (13)

1.一种粘合剂组合物,包括:
a)50至60%的硫酸钙半水合物;
b)5至15%的粉末状有机接合剂;
c)0.05至0.2%的抗水剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的粘合剂组合物,其特征在于所述组合物进一步包括:
d)1至10%的发光剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的粘合剂组合物,其特征在于所述组合物包括:
a)50至60%的硫酸钙半水合物;
b)5至10%的有机接合剂;
c)0.07至0.15%的抗水剂;
d)3至7%的发光剂。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一所述的粘合剂组合物,其特征在于所述硫酸钙半水合物为α型。
5.根据权利要求1至4任一所述的粘合剂组合物,其特征在于所述有机粘接剂选自乙烯基酯的共聚物和乙烯单体的共聚物、聚丙烯酸、乙酸乙烯酯/丙烯酸共聚物、苯乙烯/丙烯酸和苯乙烯/丁二烯共聚物、乙酸乙烯酯/叔碳酸乙烯/丙烯酸和乙酸乙烯酯/叔碳酸乙烯/乙烯马来酸酯三元共聚物、丙烯酸三元共聚物或其混合物。
6.根据权利要求1至5任一所述的粘合剂组合物,其特征在于所述抗水剂选自脂肪酸、脂肪酸盐、蜡或硅树脂衍生物。
7.根据权利要求1至5任一所述的粘合剂组合物,其特征在于所述抗水剂选自油酸、硬脂酸或其碱金属或碱土金属盐。
8.根据权利要求2至7任一所述的粘合剂组合物,其特征在于所述发光剂为珍珠岩,特别是非抗水膨胀的珍珠岩。
9.根据权利要求1至8任一所述的粘合剂组合物,其特征在于所述组合物是粉末状的。
10.根据权利要求9所述的粘合剂组合物,其特征在于所述粉末是由具有最大为200微米直径的颗粒构成。
11.一种制造构件的方法,其中:
-将建筑构件并列放置;
-将权利要求1至10任一所述的粘合剂组合物与水混合以获得接缝粘接剂;
-不使用胶带而用上述所得粘合剂填充建筑构件之间的空间;
-留置粘合剂使其硬化。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于所述建筑构件为涂覆有纸的石膏板。
13.通过使用根据权利要求11或权利要求12所述的方法来实现的两个建筑构件之间的粘合结构。
CNB2003801017616A 2002-11-08 2003-11-07 用于建筑构件的粘合剂组合物及制备构件的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN100379703C (zh)

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CN102644334A (zh) * 2011-02-21 2012-08-22 环球水泥股份有限公司 石膏板芯材接着表层的制法及其构造
CN107129254A (zh) * 2017-06-15 2017-09-05 海宁永欣科技咨询有限公司 一种石膏板及其制作方法
CN108951980A (zh) * 2018-07-23 2018-12-07 温州中海建设有限公司 一种预应力混凝土双t板拼缝处理方法
CN114007996A (zh) * 2019-06-12 2022-02-01 亚地斯集团有限公司 将含铝酸钙的水硬粘合剂用于制造建材的用途

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FR2846961B1 (fr) 2005-02-11
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US7594963B2 (en) 2009-09-29
NO20052705D0 (no) 2005-06-06
RU2005117637A (ru) 2006-02-27
FR2846961A1 (fr) 2004-05-14
NO20052705L (no) 2005-06-06
AU2003295011B2 (en) 2008-10-16
WO2004043874A3 (fr) 2004-06-24
ES2548852T3 (es) 2015-10-21
PL210591B1 (pl) 2012-02-29
CA2504923A1 (en) 2004-05-27
EP1562874B1 (fr) 2015-07-01
AU2003295011A1 (en) 2004-06-03
JP2006505481A (ja) 2006-02-16
AR041831A1 (es) 2005-06-01
CN100379703C (zh) 2008-04-09
KR101018732B1 (ko) 2011-03-04
US20060048684A1 (en) 2006-03-09
KR20050072460A (ko) 2005-07-11
BR0315440A (pt) 2005-08-16
ZA200503581B (en) 2006-05-31
EP1562874A2 (fr) 2005-08-17
IL167760A0 (en) 2009-02-11
DK1562874T3 (en) 2015-10-05
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CA2504923C (en) 2011-11-01
US20090229736A1 (en) 2009-09-17
US7842218B2 (en) 2010-11-30

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