CN1444215A - 光记录媒体及其制造方法 - Google Patents

光记录媒体及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1444215A
CN1444215A CN03119905A CN03119905A CN1444215A CN 1444215 A CN1444215 A CN 1444215A CN 03119905 A CN03119905 A CN 03119905A CN 03119905 A CN03119905 A CN 03119905A CN 1444215 A CN1444215 A CN 1444215A
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China
Prior art keywords
mentioned
optical recording
recording media
protective seam
reflection horizon
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CN03119905A
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CN1290106C (zh
Inventor
山田胜幸
中村有希
鸣海慎也
加藤将纪
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from JP2002075052A external-priority patent/JP2003272232A/ja
Priority claimed from JP2002089736A external-priority patent/JP4070491B2/ja
Application filed by Ricoh Co Ltd filed Critical Ricoh Co Ltd
Publication of CN1444215A publication Critical patent/CN1444215A/zh
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Publication of CN1290106C publication Critical patent/CN1290106C/zh
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Abstract

本发明涉及通过照射激光可使信息再生或记录的、尤其是能进行高速记录或高速再生的光记录媒体及其制造方法。光记录媒体包括一设有导向槽的基板,一位于基板之上的第1保护层,一位于第1保护层之上的记录层,一位于记录层之上的第2保护层,一位于第2保护层之上、膜厚2-9nm、Si含量不少于35摩尔%的第3保护层,以及一Ag含量不少于95重量%的反射层。最好在该反射层上形成一玻璃化温度为90℃~180℃的外敷层。

Description

光记录媒体及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及通过照射激光可使信息再生或记录的如CD-DA、CD-ROM、VIDEO-CD、CD-R、CD-RW、DVD-VIDEO、DVD-ROM、DVD-R、DVD-RW、DVD+R、DVD+RW、DVD-RAM等光记录媒体及其制造方法,尤其涉及能进行高速记录或高速再生的光记录媒体及其制造方法,特别是能进行12m/sec以上的高速记录或高速再生的光记录媒体及其制造方法。
背景技术
作为通过照射激光能进行再生或记录的光记录媒体,CD-DA、CD-ROM、VIDEO-CD、CD-R、CD-RW、DVD-VIDEO、DVD-ROM、DVD-R、DVD-RW、DVD+R、DVD+RW、DVD-RAM等得到商品化。为了在这些记录媒体上能更快速地记录更多的信息,期待更进一步的高密度化和高线速度化,最近,以Ag为基本成份的反射层(Ag-basedreflection layer,以下简记为“Ag基反射层”)被研究采用,作为高密度和高速度记录媒体。
若利用Ag作为光记录媒体的反射层,可以期待下述优点:
(1)在宽波长区域提高光盘反射率,提高再生能力。
(2)由于Ag具有良好的光学特性,引起信号振幅的增大,提高再生能力。
(3)相变化型光盘的反射层场合,反射层具有相对快的冷却速度,结果,能提高记录媒体的重写次数。
(4)相变化型光盘的反射层场合,反射层具有相对快的冷却速度,结果,能扩大记录媒体的可记录线速度范围。
(5)具有高溅射效率,提高生产性。
(6)缩短溅射制膜时间,降低热应力(改善盘的机械特性)。
但为了确保这些优点,最好使用纯度95重量%以上的Ag。在纯度未满95重量%的Ag场合,Ag特有的高反射率、高热传导率不能得到发挥。
另一方面,利用Ag作为光记录媒体的反射层场合,存在下述课题:
(1)高温高湿下易腐蚀。
(2)易因硫或氯而腐蚀。
(3)反射层与基底层的密接力小。
(4)Ag是贵金属,与Al等比较,价格贵。
作为抑制Ag腐蚀的方法可以使用Ag合金,如特开昭57-186244号公报中公开的AgCu,特开平7-3363号公报中公开的AgMg,特开平9-156224号公报中公开的AgOM(M表示Sb,Pd,Pt),特开2000-285517号公报中公开的AgPdCu。
另外,在专利2749080号中公开了一种反射层,其包含Ag以及其他元素如Ti,V,Fe,Co,Ni,Zn,Zr,Nb,Mo,Rh,Pd,Sn,Sb,Te,Ta,W,Ir,Pt,Pb,Bi,C,以便控制反射层的热传导率。
但是,当将这些材料实际用于反射层制作DVD+R盘、DVD+RW盘,评价这些记录媒体的记录信号,不能得到充分的反射率以及信号振幅。将制作成的记录媒体在80℃、85%RH环境下进行高温保存可靠性试验,保存300小时后,错误(error)激增,上述公开文献所公开的技术方案不能得到充分的保存可靠性。
以往,通过在反射层表面形成紫外线硬化树脂层,作为抑制反射层腐蚀的手段。例如,在特开2001-222842号公报中公开了通过使得树脂的玻璃化温度为45℃以上,以便防止树脂层吸水,结果,能防止树脂层的褶皱,能避免Al反射层的腐蚀。但是,在本发明人等试验中,即使使用上述公报中公开的玻璃化温度80℃的树脂层形成在一Ag基反射层场合,仍会发生该记录媒体的反射层被腐蚀,且因此再生错误增多。
另外,在相变化型光记录媒体中,在记录层的上下形成ZnS·SiO2(80/20mole)膜,用于防止反射层的腐蚀很有效。关于其材料,使用具有最适热膨胀系数、光学常数、弹性率的ZnS·SiO2层。
但是,当为了相变化型光记录媒体的高速记录使用Ag基反射层场合,若在ZnS·SiO2上直接形成Ag基反射层,Ag会与ZnS·SiO2中的S反应,腐蚀反射层。
作为其对策,在特开平11-238253号公报中,公开了以下技术:为了防止相变化型光记录媒体保护层中的硫原子与Ag基反射层的化学反应,设置使用Ta,Ni,Co,Cr,Si,W,V,C,Au,Pd,Ag氧化物,Al氧化物,Ta氧化物的中间层,为了保持耐蚀性,有效利用Ag基反射层的高热传导率,其膜厚最好设为40nm。另外,公开了当中间层膜厚为10~50nm时,成品记录媒体具有良好的信号特性,以及在80℃、85%RH环境下具有良好的高温保存可靠性。
但是,当本发明人将这些材料作为中间层制作相变化型光记录媒体时,在中间层膜厚10~50nm状态下,信号特性对中间层膜厚依存性大,不能得到实用的信号质量。另外,对记录媒体进行六次热周期试验,先将其置于25℃、95%RH环境下12小时,再将其置于40℃、95%RH环境下12小时,反复上述过程,同时,当记录媒体温度被升高或降低时,以10℃/小时的升降速度被加热或冷却。结果,发生Ag基反射层从中间层剥离的问题。
即,经本发明人研究结果可知,通过形成中间层,虽然能抑制保护层中的硫原子与Ag的反应,但是,中间层与Ag基反射层的密接力不充分,两层的密接力因高湿度或结露而降低。可以认为,这是由于设置化学惰性的中间层抑制相互扩散,抑制Ag基反射层腐蚀结果,引起中间层与Ag基反射层的膜密接力低下,尤其不能抑制湿度引起的膜密接力的低下。
另外,本发明的申请人在早先申请的特开2000-331378号公报中公开了以下技术:使用AlN,SiNx,SiAlN,TiN,BN,TaN,Al2O3,MgO,SiO,TiO2,B2O3,CeO2,CaO,Ta2O5,ZnO,In2O3,SnO2,WC,MoC,TiC,SiC作为与反射层接触的上部电介质保护层,可以将该上部电介质保护层设为多层,将上部电介质保护层(相当于本发明的第2保护层4,第3保护层5)的合计膜厚设为7~60nm,最好为10~30nm。
但是,没有记载以下实施例:第2上部电介质保护层(即图1中的第3保护层5)的膜厚为9nm,或小于9nm(仅仅只有第2上部电介质保护层的膜厚为10nm的例子)。另外,上述先有申请没有公开以下技术思想:不大幅度改变光记录媒体的基本光学设计、热设计,而能大幅度改善Ag基反射层的可靠性;为了不对第1保护层(即图1中的第2保护层4)的机能带来坏影响,防止Ag腐蚀,形成一膜厚薄的表面改质层作为第2保护层(即图1中的第3保护层5),与反射层相接。
而且,如后所述,当使用包含Si原子35摩尔%以上材料作为与反射层相接的保护层场合(即图1中的第3保护层5),若其膜厚不小于10nm,则成品记录媒体的初始信号特性及95%RH高湿度下的可靠性不充分(这从后面所述比较例3~7的评价结果很容易明白)。另外,当第3保护层使用包含Si 35摩尔%以上材料(如SiO,SiC等)以外的其他材料,具有不大于9nm的膜厚,成品记录媒体不能得到与本发明记录媒体相同的效果(这从后面所述表1试验例1~16的评价结果很容易明白)。
因此,在先有申请中,没有记载也没有暗示,在例示的许多上部保护层的材料之中,仅仅包含Si 35摩尔%以上的材料,具有非常良好的效果。
总之,在上述特开平11-238253号公报及特开2000-331378号公报中,虽然记载了在中间层或电介质保护层使用Si或包含Si的材料,但是,这些材料等同于本发明中的比较材料。即,既没有记载也没有暗示,仅仅包含Si 35摩尔%以上的材料具有非常良好的效果。另外,关于膜厚,比本发明的数值限定范围2~9nm厚,因此,不能达到本发明目的,没有公开本发明的技术思想是很清楚的。
再有,在上述先有技术中,完全没有公开以下内容:向记录媒体提供包含Si的中间层或电介质保护层的较佳溅射条件、受该溅射条件左右的较佳层结构及膜质、以及导致环境可靠性和记录信号特性良好平衡的较佳膜厚。
发明内容
本发明就是为解决上述先有技术所存在的问题而提出来的,本发明的目的在于,提供高温高湿下保存可靠性好、高温动作稳定、机械特性良好、生产效率高、可高速再生或高速记录的光记录媒体及其制作方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提出一种光记录媒体,包括:
设有导向槽的基板;
第1保护层,设于上述基板之上;
记录层,设于上述第1保护层之上;
第2保护层,设于上述记录层之上;
第3保护层,设于上述第2保护层之上,由含有Si原子35%(摩尔)以上的材料组成,该第3保护层的厚度为2~9nm范围;
反射层,由含有Ag 95重量%以上的材料组成。
根据本发明所述的光记录媒体,其特征还在于,进一步包括设于上述反射层之上的外敷层。
根据本发明所述的光记录媒体,其特征还在于,进一步包括:
设于上述反射层之上的粘结层;
设于上述粘结层之上的第2基板或第2光记录媒体。
根据本发明所述的光记录媒体,其特征还在于,上述第3保护层的厚度为3~7nm范围。
根据本发明所述的光记录媒体,其特征还在于,上述第3保护层基本上由Si构成。
根据本发明所述的光记录媒体,其特征还在于,上述第3保护层包含Si,C,O。
根据本发明所述的光记录媒体,其特征还在于,上述第3保护层由SiC和SiOx构成,其中,x表示数1-2。
根据本发明所述的光记录媒体,其特征还在于,上述第3保护层由C,SiC和SiOx构成,其中,x表示数1-2。
根据本发明所述的光记录媒体,其特征还在于,上述第3保护层中的氧为1~20原子%。
根据本发明所述的光记录媒体,其特征还在于,上述光记录媒体满足以下关系:
0.1≤DM/D2≤0.5以及0.01≤DM/DR≤0.1
其中,D2为第2保护层的膜厚,DM为第3保护层的膜厚,DR为反射层的膜厚。
根据本发明所述的光记录媒体,其特征还在于,上述光记录媒体满足以下关系:
0.15≤DM/D2≤0.35以及0.03≤DM/DR≤0.05
根据本发明所述的光记录媒体,其特征还在于,上述第3保护层的平均电负性En(ave)具有以下关系式:
En(ave)≤2.3
该平均电负性En(ave)由下式得到:
En(ave)=(∑mi·Eni)/100
其中,mi和Eni分别表示上述第3保护层的各构成元素的摩尔浓度和电负性。
根据本发明所述的光记录媒体,其特征还在于,上述外敷层的玻璃化温度为90~180℃,更好的是,为100~165℃。
根据本发明所述的光记录媒体,其特征还在于,上述粘结层的玻璃化温度为90~180℃,更好的是,为100~165℃。
根据本发明所述的光记录媒体,其特征还在于:
进一步包括设于粘结层与反射层之间的外敷层;
上述外敷层的玻璃化温度Tg(1)为90~180℃,粘结层的玻璃化温度Tg(2)为90~180℃,上述玻璃化温度Tg(1)与Tg(2)之差不大于50℃,更好的是,上述玻璃化温度Tg(1)与Tg(2)之差不大于30℃。
根据本发明所述的光记录媒体,其特征还在于,上述反射层进一步包括选自Al,Bi,Ca,Cu,Cd,Fe,Mn,Mg,Ni,Pd,Sb,Zn,Nd的至少一种元素。
根据本发明所述的光记录媒体,其特征还在于,上述反射层至少包括Cu和Nd之一。
根据本发明所述的光记录媒体,其特征还在于,上述反射层中Cu含量为0.1~5重量%。
根据本发明所述的光记录媒体,其特征还在于,上述导向槽的槽宽为0.10~0.40μm,其深度为15~45nm,更好的是,上述导向槽的槽宽为0.15~0.35μm,其深度为20~40nm。
根据本发明所述的光记录媒体,其特征还在于,上述导向槽的槽宽为0.25~0.65μm,其深度为20~50nm,更好的是,上述导向槽的槽宽为0.30~0.60μm,其深度为25~45nm。
根据本发明所述的光记录媒体,其特征还在于,上述记录层构成式为:Agα1Geα2Inβ1Gaβ2Biβ3SbγTeδMε,其中,α1,α2,β1,β2,β3,γ,δ,ε为原子%,α1+α2+β1+β2+β3+γ+δ+ε=100,α1,α2,β1,β2,β3,γ,δ,ε满足以下关系式:
0≤α1≤10
0≤α2≤10
0.1≤α1+α2≤10
0≤β1≤15
0≤β2≤15
0≤β3≤15
1≤β1+β2+β3≤15
60≤γ≤90
15≤δ≤30
0≤ε≤10。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提出另一种光记录媒体,包括:
设有导向槽的基板;
记录层,设于上述基板之上;
反射层,由含有Ag 95重量%以上的材料组成,设于上述记录层之上;
外敷层,设于上述反射层之上,该外敷层的玻璃化温度Tg(1)为90~180℃。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提出又一种光记录媒体,包括:
设有导向槽的基板;
记录层,设于上述基板之上;
反射层,由含有Ag 95重量%以上的材料组成,设于上述记录层之上;
粘结层,设于上述反射层之上,该粘结层的玻璃化温度Tg(2)为90~180℃;
第2基板或第2光记录媒体,设于上述粘结层之上。
根据本发明所述的光记录媒体,其特征还在于:
进一步包括设于反射层与粘结层之间的外敷层;
上述外敷层的玻璃化温度为Tg(1),上述玻璃化温度Tg(1)与Tg(2)之差不大于50℃。
根据本发明所述的光记录媒体,其特征还在于,上述反射层中Cu含量为0.1~5重量%。
根据本发明所述的光记录媒体,其特征还在于,上述记录层构成式为:Agα1Geα2Inβ1Gaβ2Biβ3SbγTeδMε,其中,α1,α2,β1,β2,β3,γ,δ,ε为原子%,α1+α2+β1+β2+β3+γ+δ+ε=100,α1,α2,β1,β2,β3,γ,δ,ε满足以下条件:
0≤α1≤10
0≤α2≤10
0.1≤α1+α2≤10
0≤β1≤15
0≤β2≤15
0≤β3≤15
1≤β1+β2+β3≤15
60≤γ≤90
15≤δ≤30
0≤ε≤10。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提出一种光记录媒体制作方法,包括以下步骤:
形成设于基板之上的第1保护层;
形成设于上述第1保护层之上的记录层;
形成设于上述记录层之上的第2保护层;
以制膜速度Rm,形成设于上述第2保护层之上的Si含有量不少于35%(摩尔)的第3保护层;
以制膜速度Rr,形成Ag含有量不少于95重量%的反射层;
其中,上述Rm,Rr满足以下关系式:
0.02≤Rm/Rr≤0.20
0.5nm/sec≤Rm≤5.0nm/sec。
根据本发明的光记录媒体制作方法,其特征还在于,上述第3保护层及反射层用溅射法制作,其满足以下关系式:
1.5×Pm≤Pr
其中,Pm表示形成第3保护层的溅射制膜功率,Pr表示形成反射层的溅射制膜功率。
根据本发明的光记录媒体制作方法,其特征还在于,上述第3保护层使用SiC与SiOx的混合物作为靶材料形成。
根据本发明的光记录媒体制作方法,其特征还在于,上述第3保护层使用SiC作为靶材料,使用Ar与选自O2、CO、CO2的至少一种的混合气体通过反应溅射法形成。
下面说明本发明的效果。
按照本发明的光记录媒体及其制作方法,高温高湿下保存可靠性好,高温动作稳定,机械特性良好,生产效率高,可高速再生或高速记录。
按照本发明的光记录媒体及其制作方法,能防止Ag基反射层中的Ag离子化及生成空隙,且Ag基反射层与相邻层具有良好的密接力,即使在高温高湿条件下进行保存后,仍具有高可靠性,不会对反射层中Ag本来具有的高反射率和高热传导率带来坏影响,不会对记录媒体的光特性及热特性带来大影响。
按照本发明的光记录媒体及其制作方法,通过在Ag基反射层上形成玻璃化温度为90℃-180℃的外敷层和/或粘结层,能制作具有良好的反射率和热传导率、以及良好的高温保存可靠性的光记录媒体。当外敷层和粘结层之间的玻璃化温度之差不大于50℃时,所得记录层即使在高温下也能稳定地工作。
按照本发明的光记录媒体及其制作方法,当记录层由具有特殊构成式的相变化型材料构成时,能进一步提高光记录媒体防止Ag基反射层腐蚀的能力。
附图说明
图1表示本发明的DVD型光记录媒体实施例一例;
图2表示本发明的CD型光记录媒体实施例一例;
图3表示本发明的DVD型光记录媒体实施例另一例;
图4表示本发明的CD型光记录媒体实施例另一例;
图5表示本发明光记录媒体另一实施例;
图6表示本发明光记录媒体又一实施例;
图7表示形成在Ag基反射层上的树脂层的玻璃化温度Tg与该记录媒体的高温高湿保存试验后的时间区段错误率之间关系的图线;
图8表示本发明的DVD+RW型光记录媒体的第3保护层的Si含有率与热周期可靠性之间关系的图线;
图9表示本发明的DVD+RW型光记录媒体的第3保护层的电负性(electronegativity)与热周期可靠性之间关系的图线;
图10表示本发明的第17实施例的光记录媒体的俄歇深度分布图线。
具体实施方式
下面详细说明本发明。
图1-图4表示本发明的光记录媒体实施例的横截面图。作为光记录媒体的基本结构是在基板1上设置第1保护层2,记录层3,第2保护层4,第3保护层5,反射层6,树脂保护层(以下也称为“外敷层”)7。也可以根据需要在记录媒体表面形成印刷层10。另外,也可以在基板1表面形成硬敷层11(参照图3和图4),以提高耐擦伤性,这样,入射的再生激光不会在表面发散。
在DVD型光记录媒体场合,也可以采用通过粘结层8粘合结构。粘合的相对面的盘既可以是同样的单板盘,也可以仅仅是覆盖基板即透明基板(参照图1和图3的符号9)。
另外,当第2单板盘被粘结到无印刷层的记录媒体上之后,在第2单板盘9的表面上形成印刷层。也可以将树脂保护层与粘结层兼用设为一层。
用于基板的材料通常为玻璃,陶瓷,或树脂,从成形性及成本方面考虑,树脂基板很合适。
作为树脂例可以列举聚碳酸酯树脂,丙烯酸树脂树脂,环氧树脂,聚苯乙烯树脂,丙烯腈-苯乙烯共聚物树脂,聚乙烯树脂,聚丙烯树脂,硅系树脂,氟系树脂,ABS树脂,聚氨酯树脂等,从成形性、光学特性及成本方面考虑,最好为聚碳酸酯树脂或丙烯酸类树脂。
但是,将本发明的光记录媒体用于DVD-ROM可互换的重写型光记录媒体场合,希望付与下述特定条件:
形成在基板上的导向槽的宽幅为0.10~0.40μm,较佳的是0.15~0.35μm,导向槽的深度为15~45nm,较佳的是20~40nm。通过设有这样的基板槽,在DVD-ROM驱动器的再生互换性得到提高。
基板厚度较佳的是0.55~0.65mm,粘合后的盘厚度较佳的是1.1~1.3mm。
将本发明的光记录媒体用于CD-RW媒体场合,导向槽的宽幅设为0.25~0.65μm,较佳的是0.30~0.60μm,导向槽的深度设为20~50nm,较佳的是25~45nm。
作为第1保护层及第2保护层的材料,若使用ZnS·SiO2(85/15摩尔)、ZnS·SiO2(80/20摩尔)、ZnS·SiO2(75/25摩尔)等包括ZnS和SiO2的材料很有效。此外,也可以使用SiO,SiO2,ZnO,SnO2,Al2O3,TiO2,In2O3,MgO,ZrO2等氧化物;如Si3N4,AlN,TiN,BN,ZrN等氮化物,如ZnS,TaS4等硫化物,如SiC,TaC,B4C,WC,TiC,ZrC等碳化物,以及金刚石状碳,或这些材料的混合物。
尤其,作为位于相变化型记录层上下的、易受热膨胀变化或高温·室温变化所引起的热损伤的保护层(即图1和图2中的第1保护层2和第2保护层4),最好是光学常数、热膨胀系数、弹性率最佳平衡的ZnS·SiO2(80/20摩尔)。
第1保护层膜厚对反射率、调制度、记录灵敏度影响大,为了得到良好的信号特性,设为60nm~120nm合适。
第2保护层膜厚设为5nm~45nm,较好的是7nm~40nm。当薄于5nm时,难以起到耐热保护层的作用,记录灵敏度低下。与此相反,当该保护层厚于45nm时,易发生界面剥离,反复记录性能低下。
记录层包含SbTe,能发生结晶-非结晶相间的相变化,使得各自处于稳定化或准稳定化状态,其组成为SbxTe100-x(x为原子%,40≤x≤80)的相变化型光记录材料在记录(非结晶化)灵敏度·速度(即在高速场合能从结晶状态变化为非结晶状态),消去(结晶化)灵敏度·速度(即在高速场合能从非结晶状态变化为结晶状态),以及消去比方面良好,非常合适。再有,作为相变化型记录层,不仅要求能记录·消去,同时还要求当在高密度、高线速度区域记录时信号的再生稳定性及信号的寿命(可靠性)。
作为能综合满足上述条件的相变化型记录层,以SbTe为主成份的GeSbTe、AgInSbTe、GeInSbTe等已开始商品化。
但是,为了在10m/sec以上的高速下进行记录,以下面所示构成式,满足以下条件的相变化型光记录材料非常好:
构成式:(Ag和/或Ge)α(In和/或Ga和/或Bi)βSbγTeδMε
其中,M为添加元素,α,β,γ,δ,ε为原子%,α+β+γ+δ+ε=100。
α,β,γ,δ,ε满足以下条件:
0.1≤α≤10
1≤β≤15
60≤γ≤90
15≤δ≤30
0≤ε≤10
在满足上述条件的构成区域,能实行10m/sec以上的高速记录·消去,且能进行CAV记录,所谓CAV记录是指定角速度记录,记录媒体外周的记录速度为内周记录速度的2.4倍。
添加热传导率此金属Sb小的金属作为添加元素M,对高速记录时成为课题的记录功率的降低很有效。作为这种金属的具体例可以列举Sc,Y,La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho等镧系列金属,Ti,Zr,Mn。
添加元素M的添加量最好为10原子%以下。若超过10原子%,对记录消去特性有影响,重写性能变得不充分。
初始化后的未记录状态时的晶体结构设为具有各向同性晶体结构的立方晶格晶体结构,较佳的是,具有NaCl型晶体结构的材料,其非结晶化同样具有良好的各向同性性质,能发生离散少的相变化,能高速且均一进行记录(非结晶化)及消去(结晶化),非常合适。
相变化型记录层的膜厚设为10~50nm,较佳的是12~30nm。若考虑跳动等初始特性、重写特性、量产效率因素,更好的是13~25nm。若薄于10nm的话,光吸收能显著低下,难以发挥其作用,若厚于50nm的话,高速时难以发生均一的相变化。
这种记录层可以用各种气相成长法,例如真空蒸镀法,溅射法,等离子CVD法,光CVD法,离子镀敷法,电子束蒸镀法等形成。其中,溅射法很合适,这是由于采用该方法生产性好,且膜质良好。
在本发明中,染料层也可以用做记录层。这种场合,记录媒体可以具有图5和图6所示结构。在图5和图6中,符号31表示染料记录层。符号1,6,8,9,10分别表示基板,Ag系反射层,外敷层,粘结层,第2基板(或第2记录媒体)及印刷层。关于染料可以列举花青染料,噁英鎓染料,硫噁英鎓染料,azulenium类染料,squarilium类染料,包含Ni或Cr之金属错合物染料,萘醌类染料,蒽醌类染料,靛酚咛染料,靛苯胺类染料,三苯甲烷类染料,三芳基甲烷类染料,胺类染料,diimmonium类染料,亚硝基化合物,偶氮类染料,酞花青染料。这些材料可以单独使用或混合使用。再有,在上述染料类记录层中还可含有粘合剂和/或光稳定剂。
染料类光吸收层的膜厚设为10~500nm,较佳的是50~300nm。若膜厚过薄,记录信号振幅及记录灵敏度低下,若膜厚过厚,反射率低下,考虑上述因素的平衡,决定光吸收层的膜厚。
染料类光吸收层通常是将染料类光吸收材料溶解在有机溶剂中再旋转涂敷而形成的,通过控制旋转涂敷时的转数,控制形成所定膜厚。
此外,还有使用FeTbCo等光磁记录材料作为记录层。
上述各种记录层最好使用单层,但也可使用多层。那种场合,可以将电介体层***多层记录层之间。多层化时,可以是相变化型光吸收层与染料类光吸收层的组合,也可以是相变化型光吸收层与光磁记录层这类异种光吸收层的组合。通过上述光吸收层的多层化,能在异种光记录装置进行记录或再生。
本发明人对于上述Ag基反射层课题进行研究,结果发现,光记录媒体的反射层为了确保作为Ag特征的高光反射率及高热传导率,需要使用纯度95重量%以上的Ag。但是,当将纯度95重量%以上的Ag用于反射层时,所作成的记录媒体在高温高湿条件下保存可靠性差,反射层易从相邻层剥离,且易被腐蚀。
本发明人对上述膜剥离及腐蚀进行研究结果发现,Ag基反射层上的树脂保护层和/或粘结层中的硫、氯在存在水份(H2O)状态下与Ag接触,使得Ag腐蚀。还发现,到达Ag表面的硫、氯以水份为媒介,通过Ag的晶界渗入下去。
作为其对策,在反射层中相对Ag添加与Ag互溶性好的从Al、Bi、Ca、Cu、Cd、Fe、Mn、Mg、Ni、Pd、Pb、Zn、Nd中选取的至少一种元素非常有效,其中,Cu与Nd尤其好。这些添加元素具有防止氧化作用,以及防止Ag粒子凝集时所发生的空隙的作用。
最近,对可靠性要求高,尤其要求确保高温环境下的可靠性。例如,在车用导驶***等车载利用中,考虑夏天环境,要求70℃左右的高温可靠性。通过上述那样的Ag合金化,试图提高Ag反射层的可靠性,但在70℃以上环境下,可靠性不充分。在环境温度70℃状态下,实际的光盘再生或记录装置内部的光盘表面温度达到80℃~90℃。因此,对于光盘温度来说,要求确保在80℃~90℃下的可靠性。
另外,由于使用Ag合金,成本提高,因此,希望开发更好的对策。
如上所述,Ag基反射层的膜剥离及腐蚀与水份关系很密切,受水份影响大,可以认为,Ag基反射层的可靠性受到电化学作用损害。因此,可以推测,由于Ag原子的电偏差、极化、离子化,发生Ag基反射层的劣化。
本发明人认为,为了提高Ag基反射层的可靠性,下面的(1)~(3)是重要的:
(1)防止Ag与水份的接触。
(2)在难以极化·离子化的层上形成Ag基反射层。
(3)相对于上述化学结合方法,通过物理方法提高Ag基反射层与下层(与该反射层相接的层)的密接力。
于是,本发明人提出以下(a)~(b)作为对策:
(a)形成能防止向Ag基反射层透潮的外敷层及/或粘结层。
(b)形成对Ag基反射层最适的第3保护层(即反射层的表面改质层)。
先详细说明(a)的形成能防止向Ag基反射层透潮的外敷层及/或粘结层。
本发明人研究了在高温高湿下Ag基反射层的膜剥离及腐蚀等原因,结果发现,其与包覆Ag基反射层的外敷层和/或粘结层的玻璃化温度有关。即,当上述层成为玻璃化温度以上,外敷层和/或粘结层的水份透过性及线膨胀系数显著增大。结果,水份很容易到达Ag基反射层的表面,导致发生膜剥离及腐蚀问题,光记录媒体劣化。
因此,希望光盘温度达到90℃时仍能确保Ag基反射层可靠性场合,或为了在记录媒体置于80℃、85%RH一般可靠性试验后仍不发生上述问题,较好的是,外敷层和/或粘结层的玻璃化温度设为90℃以上,更好的是,外敷层和/或粘结层的玻璃化温度为100℃以上,此时,水的透过速度最大。
图7表示形成在Ag基反射层上的树脂层的玻璃化温度与成品光记录媒体在90℃、85%RH下1000小时保存试验後的区段错误率之间关系图线。如图7所示,当玻璃化温度小于90℃时,时间区段错误率急剧增加。
但是,若外敷层和/或粘结层的玻璃化温度过高,则光记录媒体的弯曲强度变小,落下到地上时或从塑料壳体中取出时,光记录媒体易破裂。因此,为了使光记录媒体不易破裂,将外敷层和/或粘结层的玻璃化温度设为180℃以下,最好为165℃以下。
另外,当在Ag基反射层上设置外敷层(树脂保护层)和粘结层时,互相邻接存在场合,若两层的玻璃化温度相差大的话,则热膨胀系数等相差大。结果,发生光记录媒体的变形、翘曲、歪斜,尤其是周向的变形、翘曲、歪斜,在10m/sec以上高速特别是15m/sec以上高速下进行再生或记录时,易发生错误。因此,为了在10m/sec以上高速下实现稳定的再生或记录,需要使得Ag基反射层上的树脂保护层和粘结层的玻璃化温度差异小到50℃以下,最好在30℃以下。
当形成在基板上的导向槽摆动时,这种现象发生显著。尤其,当摆动槽的摆动频率高场合,高速记录及再生变得困难。当摆动槽一周期为10μm以下场合,最好树脂保护层和粘结层的玻璃化温度差异小到30℃以下。
作为该具体策,若使用同一材料制作树脂保护层和粘结层,很有效。
所谓玻璃化温度(Tg)被定义为:因温度上升树脂变化时,比容、比热、屈折率、介电常数、扩散常数、弹性率等激变的温度。树脂的玻璃化温度受构成树脂的单体的分子间力所左右,该力因单体的化学结构及置换基的尺寸而变化。具体地说,树脂的玻璃化温度可以通过控制如单体和低聚物的源材料、源材料的混合比率、聚合活性的密度进行控制。该玻璃化温度可以这样确定:使用粘弹性测定装置得到tanδ曲线,根据上述曲线的拐点,进行确定。
Ag基反射层的膜厚设为50~200nm,较佳的是70~160nm。另外,也可以将Ag基反射层多层化。多层化场合,各层膜厚至少需要10nm以上,多层化膜的合计膜厚以50nm~160nm为好。用作多层记录层的半透明反射层时,上述半透明反射层通常用于具有多层化记录层的记录媒体,这种场合,反射层的膜厚最好为10nm~50nm。
Ag基反射层可以用各种气相成长法,例如真空蒸镀法,溅射法,等离子CVD法,光CVD法,离子镀敷法,电子束蒸镀法等形成。但是,最好采用溅射法作为光记录媒体的制造方法。
为了防止氧化,在反射层上形成树脂保护层(外敷层)。
作为树脂保护层,较佳的是,使用旋转涂敷法形成紫外线硬化型树脂层。该外敷层的膜厚为3μm~15μm是合适的。若薄于3μm时,当在树脂保护层(外敷层)上设有印刷层场合,有时错误率增加,而当该其厚于15μm时,内部应力变大,对盘的机械特性带来很大影响。
较好的是,记录媒体的表面具有比铅笔硬度等级H硬的硬度。再有,较好的是,在记录媒体中添加导电性材料,以防止记录媒体带电,即防止尘埃等附着到记录媒体上。
设置印刷层的目的在于:提高记录媒体的耐擦伤性,用于印刷如商标、牌子名等标记,形成喷墨印刷的墨受纳层等。较好的是,通过网板印刷法由紫外线硬化型树脂形成。
该印刷层的膜厚为3μm~50μm是合适的。当该印刷层薄于3μm时,形成层时发生不匀,而当该印刷层厚于50μm时,内部应力变大,对盘的机械特性带来很大影响。
作为粘结层的材料可以使用紫外线硬化型树脂粘结剂,热熔粘结剂,硅树脂粘结剂等。
根据材料通过例如旋转涂敷,辊涂敷,网板印刷等方法将上述粘结剂材料涂布在外敷层或印刷层上,接着,进行紫外线照射,加热,加压等处理后,第2记录媒体(即第2单板盘)或一透明基板被粘结到该粘结层上。
当第2记录媒体或透明基板被粘结时,粘结剂可以涂布或不涂布在上述第2记录媒体或透明基板的表面上。另外,也可以使用粘结纸作为粘结层。
粘结层的膜厚并没有特别限定,但考虑材料的涂布性,硬化性,以及对盘的机械特性的影响,设为5μm~100μm,较好的是7μm~50μm。
粘结面的范围也并没有特别限定,但当粘结层应用于DVD和/或CD能互换的重写型盘场合,为了确保能实现高速纪录的粘结强度,记录媒体的内周端与记录媒体中心之间距离设为φ15nm~40nm,更好的是φ15nm~30nm,以便记录媒体能实现高速记录。
下面详细说明(b)的形成对Ag基反射层最适的第3保护层(即反射层的表面改质层)。
以往的Ag基反射层是形成在ZnS·SiO2上的。但是,由于在ZnS·SiO2上含有Zn和S,其表面具有电化学活性。另外,SiO2中,微观地看,发生Si为正、O为负的极化,水的浸润性良好,易保持水份,因此,对形成Ag基反射层不合适。
于是,本发明人提出:第2保护层(即ZnS·SiO2层)的表面应被改变,即第3保护层(表面改质层)形成在第2保护层上。
对第3保护层要求如下:
(1)包含与Ag不发生电化学作用的非金属。
(2)包含电负性比Ag小的元素。
(3)为了易进行物理的表面改质,包含具有相对小的结合能的物质。
(4)为了不使水份或杂质通过结晶晶界移动,包含非结晶材料。
本发明人研究结果,发现元素Si满足上述要求,Si具有以下特性:
(a)Si是非金属(半金属),其电负性为1.8,比Ag电负性1.9小。
(b)Si-Si的结合能是76千卡/摩尔,比Si-C的结合能104千卡/摩尔、Si-O的结合能192千卡/摩尔、C-C的结合能144千卡/摩尔小。
接着,本发明人制作具有图1所示结构的各种光记录媒体,可以用作DVD+RW,其具有各种含有Si的第3保护层。
作为样本的记录媒体,是在带导向槽的厚度为0.6mm的聚碳酸酯基板上,通过溅射法顺序叠层形成作为第1保护层的膜厚80nm的ZnS·SiO2(80/20摩尔),作为记录层的膜厚15nm的Ga3Ge3Mn3Sb71Te20,作为第2保护层的膜厚15nm的ZnS·SiO2(80/20摩尔),作为第3保护层的膜厚5nm的由下面表1-1,1-2中所列各材料构成的膜,作为反射层的膜厚140nm的99.99重量%Ag,接着,设置Tg130℃的树脂保护层后,用Tg135℃的粘结剂粘结包覆基板,进行制作。
对记录媒体进行六次热周期试验,先在25℃、95%RH环境下保存12小时,接着在40℃、95%RH环境下保存12小时,反复进行保存试验,同时,当温度改变时,对记录媒体以10℃/小时的温度升降速度加热或冷却。
                                表1-1
 试验号      第3保护层材料                       摩尔浓度%(  )内为电负性
     C(2.5)      O(3.5)      N(3)     Si(1.8)
    1      SiO2      -     66.7      -     33.3
    2      Si60O40      -     40      -     60
    3      Si70O30      -     30      -     70
    4      Si      -     -      -     100
    5      Si70O30      30     -      -     70
    6      Si50O50      50     -      -     50
    7      Si25O75      75     -      -     25
    8      Si15O85      85     -      -     15
    9      Si55C35O10      35     10      -     55
    10      Si45C45O10      45     10      -     45
    11      Si40C50O10      50     10      -     40
    12      Si38N62      -     -      62     38
    13      Si3N4      -     -      57.1     42.9
    14      Si55N45      -     -      45     55
    15      Ti      -     -      -     -
    16      TiO2      -     -      -     -
    17      Mo      -     -      -     -
    18      Ta      -     -      -     -
表1-2
   试验号       第一结合种类       第二结合种类         第三结合种类   结构(结晶/非结晶)   平均电负性   试验后缺陷率
  结合   结合能(kcal/mol)   结合   结合能(kcal/mol)    结合   结合能(kcal/mol)
   1   Si-O    192    -     -     -     -   非结晶   2.93   7.7x10-5
   2   Si-O    192    Si-Si     76     -     -   非结晶   2.48   6.3x10-6
   3   Si-O    192    Si-Si     76     -     -   非结晶   2.31   3.9x10-6
   4   Si-Si    76    -     -     -     -   非结晶   1.80   1.6x10-6
   5   Si-Si    76    Si-C     104     -     -   非结晶   2.01   2.1x10-6
   6   Si-C    104    -     -     -     -   非结晶   2.15   2.0x10-6
   7   C-C    144    Si-C     104     -     -   非结晶   2.33   1.8x10-5
   8   C-C    144    -     -     -     -   非结晶   2.40   5.2x10-4
   9   Si-C    104    Si-O     192     Si-Si     76   非结晶   2.22   1.9x10-6
   10   Si-C    104    C-C     144     Si-O     192   非结晶   2.29   2.3x10-6
   11   C-C    144    Si-C     104     Si-O     192   非结晶   2.32   2.0x10-6
   12   Si-N    105    -     -     -     -   非结晶   2.54   1.0x10-5
   13   Si-N    105    -     -     -     -   非结晶   2.49   8.4x10-6
   14   Si-N    105    Si-Si     76     -     -   非结晶   2.34   5.9x10-6
   15   -    -    -     -     -     -   结晶   1.50   2.3x10-5
   16   -    -    -     -     -     -   非结晶   2.83   8.5x10-5
   17   -    -    -     -     -     -   结晶   1.80   3.3x10-5
   18   -    -    -     -     -     -   结晶   1.50   1.2x10-5
在上述表1-1和表1-2中,材料结合按数顺序列表。第3保护层的结构是结晶还是非结晶,通过电子衍射线进行判别,若出现中空形,判别为非结晶。
上述“缺陷率”按如下方法确定:激光照射处于未记录状态的记录媒体的导向槽,缺陷率用下式表示:
缺陷率=(Ld)/(Lt)
其中,Ld表示反射率偏离预定值的导向槽的长度,Lt表示激光已扫描的导向槽的长度。
图8表示所得DVD+RW型媒体的第3保护层的Si含有量与缺陷率之间关系的图线,图9表示所得DVD+RW型媒体的第3保护层的电负性与缺陷率之间关系的图线。
从图8和图9可知,为了确保所得记录媒体可靠性(即缺陷率不大于1.0×10-5),第3保护层材料的Si的摩尔浓度最好为35%以上,第3保护层材料的平均电负性最好为2.3以下。
这里所说的“平均电负性”是指将构成元素的电负性按照各元素存在比例平均化所得的数,若设第3保护层的平均电负性为En(ave),构成元素的摩尔浓度(%)为mi,构成元素的电负性为Eni,则用下式定义:
En(ave)=∑mi·Eni
根据是否具有本发明效果角度看,该平均电负性并没有特定的下限,但实际上可以认为,表1-2的试验15,18中金属(Ti或Ta)的电负性值即1.5左右为其下限值。
通过上述平均电负性,可以表观Ag与第3保护层的极化状态,若该极化大,则水份(H2O)进入反射层与第3保护层之间的界面,结果,发生反射层从第3保护层剥离。
如上所述,第3保护层最好含有Si,为了确保Ag基反射层的良好可靠性,第3保护层最好含有Si 35原子%以上。若进一步提高Si浓度,则反射层的可靠性更好。但是,从热膨胀系数、弹性率、化学反应性等方面考虑,使得第3保护层适合第2保护层很重要。因此,最好根据包含在第2保护层的材料,将例如C,O,N等添加到第3保护层中。
另外,虽然第3保护层比其他层薄,但是也不能无视第3保护层给予记录媒体光学特性的影响。从可靠性方面看,Si是良好的元素,但Si光吸收能力弱。因此,当第3保护层过厚时,不能向所得记录媒体提供高反射率。
当第2保护层由ZnS·SiO2构成场合,最好使用由Si,SiC或包含Si、C、O的材料构成的第3保护层,上述包含Si、C、O的材料最好为将O添加到SiC中。尤其,材料最好是以SiC为主成份的与SiOx的混合物,或者以SiC为主成份的与C和SiOx的混合物。
SiC熔点非常高,热稳定性好,且精细(即无空隙),即使第3保护层膜层薄,也能防止包含在第2保护层中的硫与反射层Ag起反应。但是,由于SiC硬度高,与Ag不反应,SiC与Ag基反射层密接性差。
与此相对照,当第3保护层使用由Si、C、O构成的材料时,则能显著提高密接性,明显降低腐蚀。
第3保护层的膜厚设定为一合适值,以使所得第3保护层不对Ag基反射层的高反射率、高热传导率带来坏影响。再有,确定膜厚使得所得第3保护层不对第2保护层的良好特性例如在记录或消去时需要的良好的热变形防止特性、良好的记录灵敏度控制功能、良好的相变化控制功能带来坏影响,上述相变化控制功能是指控制记录层从非结晶状态转变为结晶状态的相变化,大口径LD初始化需要该功能。
经本发明人研究得知,考虑上述各因素,当第3保护层的膜厚设定为2~9nm范围,所得记录媒体在记录或消去时具有良好的信号特性,且与第3保护层相接的Ag基反射层具有良好的可靠性。
当第3保护层的膜厚为2nm以上,则能保证连续量产时的重复制膜再现性及面内均一性,发挥表面改质功能。最好为3~7nm范围,若处于该范围,不大幅度改变光记录媒体的基本光学特性、热特性下,能大幅度改善Ag基反射层的可靠性。
具体地说,若以14m/sec线速度,DVD+RW格式重写1000次后,信号具有良好的跳动特性,即为8%以下。另一方面,若超过9nm,虽说是表面改质层,实际上成为特开平11-238253号公报及特开2000-331378号公报所公开的中间层,即该层对光记录媒体特性发生很大影响,需要大幅度改变光记录媒体的设计,以便控制记录媒体的光学特性和热特性。另外,第3保护层(即表面改质层)本身内部发生应力,当进行热周期试验时,该层会发生裂纹而损坏。
本发明人研究发现,将第2保护层膜厚用D2表示,第3保护层膜厚用DM表示,反射层的膜厚用DR表示,若满足下列关系式,能更有效地维持良好的记录或消去信号特性,且能确保Ag基反射层的良好可靠性:
0.1≤DM/D2≤0.5以及0.01≤DM/DR≤0.1
进一步说,若满足下列关系式,以14m/sec线速度,按DVD+RW格式重写1000次后,记录媒体的记录信号具有良好的跳动特性,即为8%以下:
0.15≤DM/D2≤0.35以及0.03≤DM/DR≤0.05
作为第3保护层的制作方法,可以用溅射法,等离子CVD法,等离子处理,离子镀敷法,光CVD法等,在光记录媒体中常用的溅射法很有效。其典型的制作条件如下:
压力:10-2~10-4Pa
溅射功率:0.5~5.0kW/φ200mm
制膜速度:0.5~5.0nm/sec
这里,最好满足下列关系式:
0.02≤Rm/Rr≤0.20以及0.5nm/sec≤Rm≤5.0nm/sec
其中,Rm表示第3保护层的制膜速度,Rr表示反射层的制膜速度。
为了制作由Si、C、O构成的膜,较好的是,使用SiC与SiOx的混合物作为靶(target)进行溅射的方法,或者使用SiC作为靶,以及使用Ar与从O2、CO、CO2中选择的至少一种的混合气体进行反应性溅射的方法。当使用例如Ar与CO2混合气体场合,如表2所示,通过改变Ar与CO2的流量比,能控制包含在第3保护层的含氧量。
最好是当形成Ag基反射层时,Ag的入射频度比形成第3保护层时构成第3保护层的原子的入射频度大5~50倍。这是由于第3保护层的表面温度变高,第3保护层没有结合弱的部分。当第3保护层被冷却时,Ag原子以楔状态残留,能提高Ag基反射层与第3保护层的密接力。
第3保护层的制膜速度最好为0.5~5.0nm/sec。若为0.5nm/sec以上,所得第3保护层含有气体少,成为细密膜,若为5nm/sec以下,光盘之间的第3保护层膜厚偏差小,能稳定地制造薄膜。
另外,当将第3保护层的溅射制膜功率用Pm表示,反射层的溅射制膜功率用Pr表示时,最好满足以下关系式:
1.5×Pm≤Pr
与满足上述制膜速度条件场合理由相同,能提高Ag基反射层与第3保护层的膜密接力。
另外,这种场合,不仅第3保护层的表面温度变高,而且由于形成Ag基反射层时的溅射功率为形成第3保护层时的溅射功率的1.5倍以上,能量大的离子的入射频度变高,因此,能有效除去第3保护层的结合弱的部分,能提高Ag基反射层与第3保护层的膜密接力。
上述反射层的溅射制膜功率Pr的上限为所使用的溅射装置的溅射功率的上限,即,所使用的溅射装置能稳定地实现溅射的上限功率,根据现在的实际状况,为10kW左右。
下面通过实施例进一步具体说明本发明,但实施例仅仅是例示,并不限定本发明。在下面对实施例的描述中,只要没有特别注明,数字表示重量份。
实施例1
通过射出成形法形成厚度为0.6mm的聚碳酸酯基板,该聚碳酸酯基板上设有槽宽0.25μm,槽深27nm,摆动槽的周期4.26μm的导向槽,通过溅射法在该基板上顺序叠层形成第1保护层,记录层,第2保护层,第3保护层,以及纯度为99.99重量%的Ag反射层。
第1保护层及第2保护层使用ZnS·SiO2(80/20摩尔%),第1保护层膜厚设为80nm,第2保护层膜厚设为14nm。
记录层使用Ga3Ge3Mn4Sb70Te20,膜厚设为16nm。
第3保护层使用厚度为4nm的Si膜。Si的电负性为1.8,选择比Ag的电负性1.9小的材料。
Ag反射层厚度为140nm。
各层的溅射条件如下面表2所示:
                   表2
  层  制膜速度(nm/sec)  溅射功率(kW)
  第1保护层        9.0      4.0
  记录层        5.6      0.4
  第2保护层        4.5      1.5
  第3保护层        1.5      1.5
  反射层        32      3.5
结果制作成具有以下结构的多层板:
聚碳酸酯基板(0.6mm)/ZnS·SiO2(80nm)/Ga3Ge3Mn4Sb70Te20(16nm)/ZnS·SiO2(14nm)/Si(4nm)/99.99重量%的Ag(140nm)
接着,在Ag反射层上采用旋转涂敷法涂敷室温粘度为120cps的紫外线硬化型树脂,使其硬化。该紫外线硬化型树脂的玻璃化温度为149℃。于是,作成单板型光记录媒体。
然后,第2聚碳酸酯基板用室温粘度为580cps的粘结剂粘结到上述单板型光记录媒体上,制作具有图1所示结构的DVD型光记录媒体。上述粘结剂的玻璃化温度为135℃。
光记录媒体通过一设有大口径(光束径200×1μm)激光二极管(laser diode,以下简记为“LD”)的初始化装置,以线速度3.5m/sec,LD功率850mW被初始化,以使记录层晶化。该初始化从记录媒体内周向外周进行,进给节距120μm,并保持一定线速度实现。
然后,在所得相变化型光记录媒体上以记录线速度16.75m/sec,波长650nm,NA(开口率)0.65,记录功率14.5mW,按DVD-ROM再生可能的格式进行光记录。
结果,即使在直接重写(DOW)1000次后,记录信号仍具有良好的数据对时间的跳动(Data-to-Clock-Jitter),即7.5%,状态良好。另外,信号具有良好的反射率(20%),调制度(63%)。于是,能有效利用Ag本来具有的良好的特性即高反射率及高热传导率。
再有,对光记录媒体进行六次热周期试验,先将其置于温度25℃,湿度95%RH环境下12小时,再将其置于温度40℃,湿度95%RH环境下12小时,反复上述过程,同时,当记录媒体温度被升高或降低时,以10℃/小时的加热或冷却速度被加热或冷却。结果,反射率为20%,调制度为63%,从中心起58mm处的倾斜0.4°,与试验前没有变化。另外,缺陷率也没有增大。
实施例2-13
通过射出成形法形成厚度为0.6mm的聚碳酸酯基板,该聚碳酸酯基板上设有槽宽0.25μm,槽深27nm,摆动槽的周期4.26μm的导向槽,通过溅射法在该基板上顺序叠层形成第1保护层,记录层,第2保护层,第3保护层,以及纯度为99.99重量%的Ag反射层。
第1保护层及第2保护层使用ZnS·SiO2(80/20摩尔%),记录层使用Ga3Ge3Mn4Sb70Te20,第3保护层使用下面表3-1所示材料。这时的各层膜厚及制造条件记载在表3-1中。
接着,在Ag反射层上采用旋转涂敷法涂敷室温粘度为120cps的紫外线硬化型树脂,使其硬化。该紫外线硬化型树脂的玻璃化温度为149℃。这样,作成单板型光记录媒体。
然后,第2聚碳酸酯基板用室温粘度为580cps的粘结剂粘结到上述单板型光记录媒体上,制作具有图1所示结构的DVD型光记录媒体。上述硬化型粘结剂的玻璃化温度为135℃。
光记录媒体通过一设有大口径(光束径200×1μm)激光二极管的初始化装置,以线速度3.5m/sec,LD功率850mW被初始化,以使记录层晶化。该初始化从记录媒体内周向外周进行,进给节距120μm,并保持一定线速度实现。
然后,在所得相变化型光记录媒体上以记录线速度16.75m/sec,波长650nm,NA0.65,记录功率14.5mW,按DVD-ROM再生可能的格式进行光记录。
结果,即使在直接重写1000次后,记录信号仍具有良好的数据对时间的跳动,即为8%以下,状态良好。另外,信号具有良好的反射率(20%),和调制度(63%),能有效利用Ag本来具有的高反射率及高热传导率。
接着,对光记录媒体进行在80℃,85%RH环境下500小时的保存试验,以及六次热周期试验,先将其置于温度25℃,湿度95%RH环境下12小时,再将其置于温度40℃,湿度95%RH环境下12小时,反复上述过程,同时,当记录媒体温度被升高或降低时,以10℃/小时的加热或冷却速度被加热或冷却。结果,缺陷率没有增大,且所得记录媒体几乎没有错误。
比较例1-7
除了第3保护层的材料与膜厚改变为下面表3-1和表3-2所记载之外,其他制作与评价的顺序与上述实施例2-13场合相同,制作光记录媒体,进行评价,结果表示在3-1和表3-2中。
从表3-1和表3-2可知,比较例1是没有设第3保护层的例子,比较例2-7中,第3保护层的材料虽然满足本发明的要点即包含Si为35摩尔%以上,但膜厚为1nm或10nm,处于本发明的2~9nm范围外。因此,在直接重写1000次后的跳动,80℃、85%RH环境下500小时保存后的跳动,热周期试验后的跳动数据中,哪一个比较例都至少存在一个跳动问题,因此,比较例1-7的全部光记录媒体的综合判定为不许可。
下面表3-1和3-2中各种符号意义如下:
D1:第1保护层厚度(nm)
DRc:记录层厚度(nm)
D2:第2保护层厚度(nm)
M3:第3保护层材料
DM:第3保护层厚度(nm)
Rm:第1保护层的制膜速度(nm/sec)
Dr:反射层厚度(nm)
Rr:反射层的制膜速度(nm/sec)
跳动1:以记录线速度14m/sec,按DVD+RW格式记录,重写1000次后的跳动。
跳动2:在80℃,85%RH 500小时保存试验后的跳动。
跳动3:在25℃,95%RH 12小时和40℃,95%RH 12小时进行六次热周期试验后的跳动。
OK:许可
NG:不许可
                                           表3-1
    D1(nm)     DRc(nm)     D2(nm)     M3     DM(nm)     Rm(nm/s)   DR(nm)     Rr(nm/s)
 实施例2     80     15     15     SiC     2     0.5   100     30
 实施例3     80     15     15     SiC     4     2   100     30
 实施例4     80     15     15     SiC     6     4   100     30
 实施例5     80     15     15     Si     7     5   100     30
 实施例6     80     15     20     Si     3     0.5   120     30
 实施例7     80     15     20     Si     5     2   120     30
 实施例8     80     15     20     SiC     7     4   120     30
 实施例9     80     15     20     SiC     9     5   120     30
 实施例10     80     15     25     SiC     3     0.5   140     30
 实施例11     80     15     25     Si     5     2   140     30
 实施例12     80     15     25     Si     7     4   140     30
 实施例13     80     15     25     Si     9     5   140     30
 比较例1     80     15     25     -     0     -   100     30
 比较例2     80     15     10     SiC     1     2   100     30
 比较例3     80     15     20     SiC     10     5   100     30
 比较例4     80     15     20     Si     10     5   100     30
 比较例5     80     15     20     SiO     10     5   100     30
 比较例6     80     15     20     Si3N4     10     5   100     30
 比较例7     80     15     20     Si45-C45-O10     10     5   100     30
                                 表3-2
  DM/D2   DM/DR   Rm/Rr   跳动1      跳动2    跳动3   综合判定
 实施例2   0.13   0.02   0.02   8.7%      OK    OK     OK
 实施例3   0.27   0.04   0.07   7.4%      OK    OK     OK
 实施例4   0.40   0.06   0.13   7.2%      OK    OK     OK
 实施例5   0.47   0.07   0.17   7.7%      OK    OK     OK
 实施例6   0.15   0.03   0.02   7.6%      OK    OK     OK
 实施例7   0.25   0.04   0.07   7.7%      OK    OK     OK
 实施例8   0.35   0.06   0.13   7.9%      OK    OK     OK
 实施例9   0.45   0.08   0.17   8.9%      OK    OK     OK
 实施例10   0.12   0.02   0.02   7.9%      OK    OK     OK
 实施例11   0.20   0.04   0.07   7.6%      OK    OK     OK
 实施例12   0.28   0.05   0.13   7.7%      OK    OK     OK
 实施例13   0.36   0.06   0.17   8.9%      OK    OK     OK
 比较例1   0.00   0.00   0.07   8.3%      NG    NG     NG
 比较例2   0.10   0.01   0.07   8.3%      OK    NG     NG
 比较例3   0.50   0.10   0.17   12.0%      OK    OK     NG
 比较例4   0.50   0.10   0.17   13.6%      OK    OK     NG
 比较例5   0.50   0.10   0.17   15.4%      OK    OK     NG
 比较例6   0.50   0.10   0.17   15.4%      OK    OK     NG
 比较例7   0.50   0.10   0.17   13.3%      OK    OK     NG
实施例14~18,比较例8~10
通过射出成形法形成厚度为0.6mm的聚碳酸酯基板,该聚碳酸酯基板上设有槽宽0.25μm,槽深27nm的导向槽,通过溅射法在该基板上顺序叠层形成第1保护层,记录层,第2保护层,第3保护层,以及纯度为99.99重量%的Ag反射层。
第1保护层及第2保护层使用ZnS·SiO2(80/20摩尔%),第1保护层膜厚设为80nm,第2保护层膜厚设为14nm。
记录层使用Ge2.0Ag0.5In5.0Sb68.5Te24.0,膜厚设为16nm。
第3保护层使用SiC作为靶,并使用下面表4所示的混合气体,在压力0.5Pa,功率1kW条件下进行溅射,形成厚度4nm的膜。
Ag反射层厚度为140nm。
结果,形成以下层结构:
聚碳酸酯基板(0.6mm)/ZnS·SiO2(80nm)/Ge2.0Ag0.5In5.0Sb68.5Te24.0(16nm)/ZnS·SiO2(14nm)/SiC(4nm)/Ag(140nm)
接着,在Ag反射层上采用旋转涂敷法涂敷室温粘度为120cps的紫外线硬化型树脂,使其硬化。该紫外线硬化型树脂的玻璃化温度为149℃。这样,作成单板型光记录媒体。
然后,第2聚碳酸酯基板用粘结剂粘结到上述单板型光记录媒体上,制作具有图1所示结构的光记录媒体。
光记录媒体通过一设有大口径(光束径200×1μm)激光二极管的初始化装置,以线速度3.5m/sec,LD功率850mW被初始化,以使记录层晶化。该初始化从记录媒体内周向外周进行,并保持一定线速度实现。
然后,在所得相变化型光记录媒体上以记录线速度8.5m/sec,波长650nm,NA0.65,记录功率14.5mW,按DVD-ROM再生可能的格式进行光记录。
结果,当第3保护层的氧含量为20原子%以下场合,即使在直接重写1000次后,记录信号仍具有良好的数据对时间的跳动,即为9%以下,状态良好。当第3保护层的氧含量大于20原子%场合,该第3保护层会发生裂纹,反射层从该第3保护层剥离。
当氧含量为零场合,在温度80℃,湿度85%RH 300小时保存试验后,错误增加率大大超过10%,因此,一部分数据不能读取;而当氧含量为1原子%以上场合,上述错误增加率成为10%以下,保存试验后记录媒体没有问题。上述错误增加率用下式求得:
(保存后的错误数—初始错误数)/初始错误数
另外,在实施例17中,用俄歇(Auger)电子分光深度器测定光记录媒体的俄歇深度分布,得到图10所示结果,从图10可知,随着膜中Si含量增多,过剩的C包含在膜中。
所谓“俄歇深度分布”是指这样的方法:照射高能量(1-5keV)电子,从材料表面释放出具有材料固有能量的俄歇电子,通过分光测定该俄歇电子,能确定构成材料的元素组成比。
                          表4
 Ar流量(sccm)   CO2流量(sccm) 包含在第3电介质层中的氧量(原子%)  高温高湿保存后的错误增加率(%)  重写次数
 实施例14    10     0.3      1.1      9.5    8000
 实施例15    10     1      3.8      7.6    6000
 实施例16    10     1.5      5.6      6.0    5000
 实施例17    10     3      10.6      4.5    3000
 实施例18    10     6      20      3.0    1500
 比较例8    10     8      24      2.0    500
 比较例9    10     12      32      2.5    100
 比较例10    10     0      0      20    9000
实施例19
通过射出成形法形成厚度为0.6mm的聚碳酸酯基板,该聚碳酸酯基板上设有槽宽0.25μm,槽深27nm,摆动槽的周期4.26μm的导向槽,通过溅射法在该基板上顺序叠层形成第1保护层,记录层,第2保护层,第3保护层,以及纯度为99.99重量%的Ag反射层。
第1保护层及第2保护层使用ZnS·SiO2(80/20摩尔%),第1保护层膜厚设为80nm,第2保护层膜厚设为11nm。
记录层使用Ge2In7Sb70Te20Mn1,膜厚设为16nm。
第3保护层使用厚度为4nm的SiC。
Ag反射层厚度为140nm。
结果制作成具有以下结构的多层板:
聚碳酸酯基板(0.6mm)/ZnS·SiO2(80nm)/Ge2In7Sb70Te20Mn1(16nm)/ZnS·SiO2(11nm)/SiC(4nm)/99.99重量%的Ag(140nm)
接着,在Ag反射层上采用旋转涂敷法涂敷室温粘度为120cps的紫外线硬化型树脂,使其硬化。该紫外线硬化型树脂的玻璃化温度为149℃。于是,作成单板型光记录媒体。
然后,第2聚碳酸酯基板用室温粘度为580cps的粘结剂SD694(大日本油墨化学株式会社制)粘结到上述单板型光记录媒体上,制作具有图1所示结构的DVD型光记录媒体。上述硬化型粘结剂的玻璃化温度为135℃。
光记录媒体通过一设有大口径(光束径200×1μm)激光二极管的初始化装置,以线速度3.0m/sec,LD功率850mW被初始化,以使记录层晶化。该初始化从记录媒体内周向外周进行,进给节距100μm,并保持一定线速度实现。
然后,在所得相变化型光记录媒体上以记录线速度16.75m/sec,波长650nm,NA(开口率)0.65,记录功率14.5mW,按DVD-ROM再生可能的格式进行光记录。
结果,即使在直接重写(DOW)1000次后,记录信号仍具有良好的数据对时间的跳动,即8.5%,状态良好。另外,信号具有良好的反射率(20%),调制度(63%)。于是,能有效利用Ag本来具有的良好的特性即高反射率及高热传导率。
再有,即使对光记录媒体进行90℃,90%RH环境下500小时保存试验后,该记录媒体的反射率为20%,调制度为63%,从中心起58mm处的倾斜0.4°,与试验前没有变化。
当在温度70℃,湿度90%RH环境下,在光盘最外周(从盘中心起离开58mm处)实行重写时,所记录的信号能再生,不会发生磁道对焦偏离。
换言之,通过形成玻璃化温度为149℃的外敷层,以及玻璃化温度为135℃的粘结层(即外敷层与粘结层的玻璃化温度之差为14℃),在温度90℃,湿度90%RH环境下,记录媒体具有高温保存可靠性。
实施例20
通过射出成形法形成厚度为1.2mm的聚碳酸酯基板,该聚碳酸酯基板上设有槽宽0.5μm,槽深30nm的摆动导向槽。通过溅射法在该基板上顺序叠层形成第1保护层,记录层,第2保护层,第3保护层,以及反射层。
第1保护层及第2保护层使用ZnS·SiO2(80/20摩尔%),第1保护层膜厚设为80nm,第2保护层膜厚设为11nm。
记录层使用Ge2Ga7Sb70Te20Ti1,膜厚设为16nm。
第3保护层使用厚度为4nm的Si。
反射层由Ag98Cu1.5Nd0.5构成,厚度为140nm。
结果制作成具有以下结构的多层板:
聚碳酸酯基板(1.2mm)/ZnS·SiO2(80nm)/Ge2Ga7Sb70Te20Ti1(16nm)/ZnS·SiO2(11nm)/Si(4nm)/Ag98Cu1.5Nd0.5(140nm)
接着,在Ag基反射层上采用旋转涂敷法涂敷室温粘度为120cps的紫外线硬化型树脂SD318(大日本油墨化学株式会社制),使其硬化,形成外敷层。该紫外线硬化型树脂的玻璃化温度为149℃,膜厚为7μm。于是,作成单板型光记录媒体。
该光记录媒体通过一设有大口径(光束径200×1μm)激光二极管的初始化装置,以线速度3.0m/sec,LD功率850mW被初始化,以使记录层晶化。该初始化从记录媒体内周向外周进行,进给节距100μm,并保持一定线速度实现。
然后,在所得相变化型光记录媒体上以记录线速度28.8m/sec,波长780nm,NA(开口率)0.65,记录功率25mW,按CD-ROM再生可能的格式进行光记录。
结果,即使在直接重写1000次后,记录信号仍具有良好的数据对时间的跳动,即在1.2m/sec再生时为28ns。另外,信号具有良好的反射率(19%),调制度(60%)。于是,能有效利用Ag本来具有的良好的特性即高反射率及高热传导率。
即使对光记录媒体进行温度90℃,湿度90%RH环境下500小时保存试验后,该记录媒体的反射率为19%,调制度为63%,与试验前几乎没有变化。
保存试验后,C1错误即能订正错误与保存试验前也几乎相同。
换言之,通过形成玻璃化温度为149℃的外敷层,记录媒体具有在温度90℃,湿度90%RH环境下的高温保存可靠性。
上面参照附图说明了本发明的实施例,但本发明并不局限于上述实施例。在本发明技术思想范围内可以作种种变更,它们都属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (35)

1.一种光记录媒体,包括:
设有导向槽的基板;
第1保护层,设于上述基板之上;
记录层,设于上述第1保护层之上;
第2保护层,设于上述记录层之上;
第3保护层,设于上述第2保护层之上,由含有Si原子35摩尔%以上的材料组成,该第3保护层的厚度为2~9nm范围;
反射层,由含有Ag 95重量%以上的材料组成。
2.根据权利要求1中所述的光记录媒体,其特征在于,进一步包括设于上述反射层之上的外敷层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的光记录媒体,其特征在于,进一步包括:
设于上述反射层之上的粘结层;
设于上述粘结层之上的第2基板或第2光记录媒体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的光记录媒体,其特征在于,上述第3保护层的厚度为3~7nm范围。
5.根据权利要求1所述的光记录媒体,其特征在于,上述第3保护层基本上由Si构成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的光记录媒体,其特征在于,上述第3保护层包含Si,C,O。
7.根据权利要求6所述的光记录媒体,其特征在于,上述第3保护层由SiC和SiOx构成,其中,x表示数1-2。
8.根据权利要求6中所述的光记录媒体,其特征在于,上述第3保护层由C,SiC和SiOx构成,其中,x表示数1-2。
9.根据权利要求6中所述的光记录媒体,其特征在于,上述第3保护层中的氧为1~20原子%。
10.根据权利要求1所述的光记录媒体,其特征在于,上述光记录媒体满足以下关系:
0.1≤DM/D2≤0.5以及0.01≤DM/DR≤0.1
其中,D2为第2保护层的膜厚,DM为第3保护层的膜厚,DR为反射层的膜厚。
11.根据权利要求10所述的光记录媒体,其特征在于,上述光记录媒体满足以下关系:
0.15≤DM/D2≤0.35以及0.03≤DM/DR≤0.05
12.根据权利要求1所述的光记录媒体,其特征在于,上述第3保护层的平均电负性En(ave)具有以下关系式:
En(ave)≤2.3
该平均电负性En(ave)由下式得到:
En(ave)=(∑mi·Eni)/100
其中,mi和Eni分别表示上述第3保护层的各构成元素的摩尔浓度和电负性。
13.根据权利要求2所述的光记录媒体,其特征在于,上述外敷层的玻璃化温度为90~180℃。
14.根据权利要求13所述的光记录媒体,其特征在于,上述外敷层的玻璃化温度为100~165℃。
15.根据权利要求3所述的光记录媒体,其特征在于,上述粘结层的玻璃化温度为90~180℃。
16.根据权利要求15所述的光记录媒体,其特征在于,上述粘结层的玻璃化温度为100~165℃。
17.根据权利要求3所述的光记录媒体,其特征在于:
进一步包括设于粘结层与反射层之间的外敷层;
上述外敷层的玻璃化温度Tg(1)为90~180℃,粘结层的玻璃化温度Tg(2)为90~180℃,上述玻璃化温度Tg(1)与Tg(2)之差不大于50℃。
18.根据权利要求17所述的光记录媒体,其特征在于,上述玻璃化温度Tg(1)与Tg(2)之差不大于30℃。
19.根据权利要求1所述的光记录媒体,其特征在于,上述反射层进一步包括选自Al,Bi,Ca,Cu,Cd,Fe,Mn,Mg,Ni,Pd,Sb,Zn,Nd的至少一种元素。
20.根据权利要求19所述的光记录媒体,其特征在于,上述反射层至少包括Cu和Nd之一。
21.根据权利要求20所述的光记录媒体,其特征在于,上述反射层中Cu含量为0.1~5重量%。
22.根据权利要求1所述的光记录媒体,其特征在于,上述导向槽的槽宽为0.10~0.40μm,其深度为15~45nm。
23.根据权利要求22所述的光记录媒体,其特征在于,上述导向槽的槽宽为0.15~0.35μm,其深度为20~40nm。
24.根据权利要求1所述的光记录媒体,其特征在于,上述导向槽的槽宽为0.25~0.65μm,其深度为20~50nm。
25.根据权利要求24所述的光记录媒体,其特征在于,上述导向槽的槽宽为0.30~0.60μm,其深度为25~45nm。
26.根据权利要求1所述的光记录媒体,其特征在于,上述记录层构成式为:Agα1Geα2Inβ1Gaβ2Biβ3SbγTeδMε,其中,α1,α2,β1,β2,β3,γ,δ,ε为原子%,α1+α2+β1+β2+β3+γ+δ+ε=100,α1,α2,β1,β2,β3,γ,δ,ε满足以下条件:
0≤α1≤10
0≤α2≤10
0.1≤α1+α2≤10
0≤β1≤15
0≤β2≤15
0≤β3≤15
1≤β1+β2+β3≤15
60≤γ≤90
15≤δ≤30
0≤ε≤10。
27.一种光记录媒体,包括:
设有导向槽的基板;
记录层,设于上述基板之上;
反射层,由含有Ag 95重量%以上的材料组成,设于上述记录层之上;
外敷层,设于上述反射层之上,该外敷层的玻璃化温度Tg(1)为90~180℃。
28.一种光记录媒体,包括:
设有导向槽的基板;
记录层,设于上述基板之上;
反射层,由含有Ag 95重量%以上的材料组成,设于上述记录层之上;
粘结层,设于上述反射层之上,该粘结层的玻璃化温度Tg(2)为90~180℃;
第2基板或第2光记录媒体,设于上述粘结层之上。
29.根据权利要求28所述的光记录媒体,其特征在于:
进一步包括设于反射层与粘结层之间的外敷层;
上述外敷层的玻璃化温度为Tg(1),上述玻璃化温度Tg(1)与Tg(2)之差不大于50℃。
30.根据权利要求27或28所述的光记录媒体,其特征在于,上述反射层中Cu含量为0.1~5重量%。
31.根据权利要求27或28所述的光记录媒体,其特征在于,上述记录层构成式为:Agα1Geα2Inβ1Gaβ2Biβ3SbγTeδMε,其中,α1,α2,β1,β2,β3,γ,δ,ε为原子%,α1+α2+β1+β2+β3+γ+δ+ε=100,α1,α2,β1,β2,β3,γ,δ,ε满足以下条件:
0≤α1≤10
0≤α2≤10
0.1≤α1+α2≤10
0≤β1≤15
0≤β2≤15
0≤β3≤15
1≤β1+β2+β3≤15
60≤γ≤90
15≤δ≤30
0≤ε≤10。
32.一种光记录媒体制作方法,包括以下步骤:
形成设于基板之上的第1保护层;
形成设于上述第1保护层之上的记录层;
形成设于上述记录层之上的第2保护层;
以制膜速度Rm,形成设于上述第2保护层之上的Si含有量不少于35%(摩尔)的第3保护层;
以制膜速度Rr,形成Ag含有量不少于95重量%的反射层;
其中,上述Rm,Rr满足以下关系式:
0.02≤Rm/Rr≤0.20
0.5nm/sec≤Rm≤5.0nm/sec。
33.根据权利要求32所述的光记录媒体制作方法,其特征在于,上述第3保护层及反射层用溅射法制作,其满足以下关系式:
1.5×Pm≤Pr
其中,Pm表示形成第3保护层的溅射制膜功率,Pr表示形成反射层的溅射制膜功率。
34.根据权利要求33所述的光记录媒体制作方法,其特征在于,上述第3保护层使用SiC与SiOx的混合物作为靶材料形成。
35.根据权利要求33所述的光记录媒体制作方法,其特征在于,上述第3保护层使用SiC作为靶材料,使用Ar与选自O2、CO、CO2的至少一种的混合气体通过反应溅射法形成。
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