CN1343575A - 具有前悬挂装置的拖拉机 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种具有前轮悬挂装置和机械式前轮驱动的拖拉机,其中前轮驱动差速器壳中包括了一发动机油底壳,因此无需单独的发动机机油盘。悬挂控制臂通过差速器壳上的整体形成的安装结构安装在差速器壳上。这些安装结构减少了前桥上的零件个数,提高了悬挂装置、转向装置和前轮驱动装置的组装性能。无需采用机油盘使得前桥的离地距离提高,从而提高了拖拉机前方越过发动机罩的视野。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有前悬挂装置的拖拉机,尤其是前悬挂装置部件直接安装在机械式前轮驱动的差速器壳上的拖拉机。
背景技术
为了提高拖拉机的性能,越来越普遍地采用前桥悬挂装置。前悬挂装置可以改善驾驶员的舒适度,从而减轻驾驶员的疲劳。另外,拖拉机的车架在操作中也受到较轻的冲击载荷。然而,前悬挂轴增加了前桥的复杂性,并增加了前桥附加零件。
为了进一步提高农业拖拉机的性能,许多拖拉机都设有机械式前轮驱动。尽管前轮及其轮胎通常小于后轮及其轮胎,通过一起驱动后轮和前轮,可以提高牵引效率。和没有前轮驱动的前桥相比,机械式前轮驱动需要前驱动轴具有更多的零件。
许多竞争性的设计要求使得很难在拖拉机内安装前轮驱动和前桥悬挂装置。这些设计要求包括:越过发动机罩的视野;较高的作物间隙;和小的转弯半径。这些要求使得前桥上的空间十分重要,尤其对具有前轮驱动和前轮悬挂的前桥更是如此。
发明内容
通过将发动机机油盘集成到机械式前轮驱动差速器壳上以及将悬挂装置的安装凸台集成到差速器壳的铸件上,本发明的拖拉机可以克服上述的安装困难。将机油盘集成到差速器壳上可以消除需要一单独的机油盘及其所需的垂直安装空间。这就使得作物间隙和越过发动机罩的视野均得到提高。
差速器壳本身是拖拉机车架的一主要部件。如果沿发动机侧面或下面拖拉机没有纵向延伸出的车架部件,那么差速器就是车架。当发动机机油盘已被集成到拖拉机车架上时,前驱动轴具有梁结构,而前差速器成为其中枢轴梁的一部分。前梁式轴安装在车架上,可围绕纵向轴旋转,但它并不从车架上悬挂出来。
将悬挂装置的安装凸台集成在差速器壳铸件上可以减少将悬挂装置控制臂连接在车辆结构上,在此是差速器壳上,所需要的零件个数。通过减少了零件个数,使得悬挂臂、驱动轴、转向助力缸和转向横拉杆有更多的空间。
悬挂装置是一独立的悬挂装置,在其差速器壳的每一侧都具有上控制臂和下控制臂,所述控制臂向外延伸到支撑最终传动组件的转向节上。悬挂装置的左右两侧是机械上相互独立的。所述左右两侧通过一个普通的气体蓄能器联接在一起,蓄能器为悬挂装置每一侧的液压缸都提供了流体压力。
具有气缸杆的转向助力缸设置在差速器壳上。所述气缸杆从差速器壳的两侧延伸。转向横拉杆和气缸杆相连接并延伸到转向节上。上控制臂具有内侧端部,其连接到从差速器壳上侧向向外突出的安装凸台上。上控制臂的内侧端部为叉形,具有两个位于安装凸台相对侧边上的分开的支脚。一单独的枢轴销穿过上控制臂的两个支脚向外延伸出,并穿过安装凸台使上控制臂和差速器壳枢轴旋转相连。下控制臂具有两个单独的差速器壳附件。和上控制臂类似,下控制臂的前分支是叉形,具有从两个隔开的支脚中延伸穿过的枢轴销,所述枢轴销还穿过从差速器壳上侧向伸出的安装凸台。下控制臂的后分支具有一后枢轴销,其从下控制臂上延伸出,并用螺栓直接连接在差速器壳侧边上。无须为连接控制臂而设置单独的连接在差速器壳上的安装支架。
除了控制臂外,悬挂装置还包括其功能相当于弹簧的液压缸。所述液压缸用螺栓连接在差速器壳端面的安装凸台上,液压缸还具有一伸出的横杆,和下控制臂用螺栓连接在一起,以承担拖拉机的悬挂重量。通过将悬挂附件集成到差速器壳上,悬挂装置就只需要较少的零件。因此,这就为设计者在设置轴零件上提供了极大的灵活性。另外,也可通过前桥看到轮胎和拖拉机发动机罩之间更多的地面。
附图说明
图1是本发明拖拉机的左视图;
图2是拖拉机发动机、前轮驱动差速器壳和右前桥的透视图;
图3是前轮驱动差速器壳的右透视图;
图4是前轮驱动差速器壳和右侧悬挂装置的底视图;
图5是前轮驱动差速器壳和右侧悬挂装置的顶视图。
具体实施方式
参考图1,显示了根据本发明的具有前悬挂装置的拖拉机10。拖拉机10包括后胎12和前胎14。前胎是转向胎,可以围绕后文中描述的竖直转向轴旋转,从而将车辆转向。底盘16用来支撑前胎和后胎。在后面的描述和附图中,只显示了悬挂装置的右侧。悬挂装置的左右两侧基本上具有相同的结构。
发动机18(如图2所示)是底盘的一部分,并由发动机罩20所遮盖。发动机18包括具有底部24的气缸体22。气缸体22的底部没有连接传统的机油盘,而是连接了一个前轮驱动差速器壳26。差速器壳的顶部有一很大的凹腔,形成了发动机润滑油的油底壳30(如图3所示)。差速器壳的顶面32围绕油底壳30并和气缸体的底面相接合,通过从差速器壳顶面的孔34中延伸出的螺栓将二者连接起来。箭头17表示了差速器壳向前的纵向方向或方位。
差速器壳26是一铸件,在其两侧各有一个侧向伸出的上安装凸台36。上安装凸台36具有一中心孔38,用来限定一个通常是沿拖拉机前后纵向的轴40,但此轴并不必须是水平的。
上安装凸台36用于安装图2,4和5中所示的上悬挂控制臂42。上控制臂42的内侧端部部分44为叉形,具有两个隔开的支脚46和48。支脚46和48放置在安装凸台36的相对的两侧,上枢轴销50从上控制臂的两个支脚和上安装凸台的中心孔38中延伸穿过,从而可枢轴旋转地安装上控制臂。因此,上控制臂可以围绕轴40旋转,从而可以抬高和降低上控制臂的外侧端部52。
在差速器壳的前端面54设有一侧向伸出的凸缘56,其包括一具有通孔60的前下安装凸台58。下控制臂62可枢轴旋转地安装在前凸台58上。下控制臂具有前分支64和后分支66,前分支64具有叉形内侧端部部分68。叉形前分支64具有支脚70和72,设置于安装凸台58的相对两侧。前下枢轴销74从支脚70和72以及安装凸台的中心孔60中延伸穿过,从而可枢轴旋转地安装下控制臂。
后下枢轴销76从后分支66的内侧端部的孔中延伸穿过,并通过一对螺栓80,82连接在差速器壳上。螺栓80,82分别拧入差速器壳的孔84,86中。前下枢轴销78和后下枢轴销76限定了一下枢轴84(如图4所示),下控制臂62可以绕此枢轴旋转,从而可以抬高和降低下控制臂的外侧端部86。
上、下控制臂的外侧端部52,86通过一球节连接在转向节88上,而转向节88可以绕竖直轴90(如图2所示)旋转,从而将前胎14转向。转向节88支撑了具有轮缘94的最终传动组件92,轮缘94连接了支撑轮胎14的前轮。驱动轴96(如图2所示)从差速器壳26上延伸到最终传动组件,从而带动最终传动组件的旋转。和本发明同日申请、代理人参考号为15286的同时待审的专利申请中详细描述了将转向节和控制臂相连的球节,在此用做参考。
差速器壳46还包括具有一延伸气缸杆100的转向助力缸98。气缸杆100从差速器壳26的两侧横向向外延伸出。转向助力缸通过位于转向节88每一侧的转向横拉杆102相连接,气缸杆100的延伸和退回使得转向节可以绕转向轴90旋转。和本发明同日申请、代理人参考号为15450的同时待审的专利申请中详细描述了转向助力缸,在此用做参考。
再次参考图3,差速器壳26还包括一个从差速器壳每一侧侧向延伸出的弹簧安装凸台104。安装凸台104具有孔106。液压缸108的端部110通过紧固件112安装在弹簧凸台104上,而其伸出杆114通过紧固件116连接在下控制臂62上。液压缸108通过出入口118和液压***相连。液压***包括一个或多个气体蓄能器,使得液压缸108的功能相当于悬挂装置的弹簧。
在左、右上安装凸台36之间设有一在油底壳30上延伸的拉杆120,增强了差速器壳26的强度。在两侧的弹簧安装凸台104之间设有在油底壳上延伸的第二拉杆122。拉杆120和122提高了差速器壳的结构强度。
前悬挂控制臂和弹簧元件通过在差速器壳侧边整体形成的安装凸台安装在差速器壳上。这就减少了用于连接悬挂装置的零件个数,避免了需要用单独的零件连接差速器壳和控制臂及弹簧元件。这就提高了通过前桥区域所能看到的视野,使得驾驶员可以看到地面以及在前轮14和拖拉机罩20之间的庄稼垄。另外,由于消除了附加零件,提供了组装其他必要零件的空间。使用作为发动机润滑机油盘的差速器壳26无需单独油底壳,减小了拖拉机罩的垂直高度,和/或使前桥的作物间隙得以提高。
本发明并不局限于上述实施例,但局限于后文中的权利要求。
Claims (15)
1.一种拖拉机,包括:
后轮;
前轮;
用于安装前后轮的底盘,所述底盘包括铸造的前轮驱动差速器壳,以及从差速器壳每一侧上侧向延伸出的前驱动轴,从而可以驱动前轮;
具有内侧端部的左上、左下、右上、右下控制臂,所述控制臂安装在底盘上,可以分别围绕上、下轴旋转,从而使所述控制臂的外侧端部上下运动;
分别可枢轴旋转地连接在所述左、右控制臂的外侧端部上的左、右转向节,可绕转向轴旋转,所述转向节上设有由各个驱动轴驱动的最终传动组件,前轮即安装在所述最终传动组件上;和,
具有整体铸出的上、下安装凸台的铸造差速器壳,其中所述上、下安装凸台与所述上、下控制臂相连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述拖拉机,其特征在于,上、下安装凸台限定了容纳枢轴销的孔,所述枢轴销将上、下控制臂连接在差速器壳上进行枢轴旋转运动。
3.根据权利要求1所述拖拉机,其特征在于,所述上控制臂具有一叉形内侧端部,所述内侧端部具有两个分开的、并设置在所述差速器壳的所述上安装凸台的相对两侧的支脚,并设有一个通过所述上控制臂和上安装凸台延伸的单独的枢轴销。
4.根据权利要求1所述拖拉机,其特征在于,所述下控制臂的内侧端部具有前分支和后分支,前分支的叉形端部具有两个隔开的、并设置在所述下安装凸台的相对两侧的支脚,并设有一个通过所述下控制臂的前分支和下安装凸台延伸的单独的枢轴销。
5.根据权利要求4所述拖拉机,其特征在于,在差速器壳前端面的侧向伸出的凸缘上设有下安装凸台。
6.根据权利要求4所述拖拉机,其特征在于,所述下控制臂的后分支上设有孔,用于容纳螺纹连接到所述差速器壳的枢轴销。
7.根据权利要求1所述拖拉机,其特征在于,所述拖拉机还包括一整体铸造在差速器壳上的弹簧安装凸台和一弹簧件,所述弹簧件的一端通过所述弹簧安装凸台连接在所述差速器壳上,另一端连接在所述下控制臂上。
8.根据权利要求1所述拖拉机,其特征在于,所述拖拉机还包括一设置在所述差速器壳上的转向助力缸,从所述转向助力缸上的两侧侧向伸出一横杆,所述横杆通过位于每一侧的转向横拉杆连接在转向节上,由此转向助力缸横杆的侧向运动可使转向节转动。
9.根据权利要求1所述拖拉机,其特征在于,所述拖拉机还包括一具有底部的发动机缸体的发动机,所述差速器壳连接在所述发动机缸体的底部,形成一个发动机润滑油的油底壳。
10.一种拖拉机,包括:
后轮;
前轮;
用于安装前后轮的底盘,所述底盘包括具有发动机缸体的发动机,以及连接在所述发动机缸体底部的铸造前轮驱动差速器壳,所述差速器壳的上部形成了一个发动机润滑油的油底壳;
从所述差速器壳侧向延伸到左、右最终驱动组件上的左、右前驱动轴,所述左、右前驱动轴和左、右前轮连接在一起,对前轮进行驱动;
具有内侧端部的左上、左下、右上、右下控制臂,所述控制臂安装在所述差速器壳上,可以分别围绕上、下轴旋转,从而使所述控制臂的外侧端部上下运动;和,
分别可枢轴旋转地连接在所述左、右控制臂的外侧端部上的左、右转向节,可绕转向轴旋转,所述转向节上设有最终传动组件。
11.根据权利要求10所述拖拉机,其特征在于,所述差速器壳和上安装凸台一起整体铸造出,并限定了一个容纳上枢轴销的孔,所述上枢轴销用来连接所述上控制臂。
12.根据权利要求10所述拖拉机,其特征在于,所述差速器壳和下安装凸台一起整体铸造出,并限定了一个容纳下枢轴销的孔,所述下枢轴销用来连接所述下控制臂。
13.根据权利要求12所述拖拉机,其特征在于,所述差速器壳具有一对螺栓孔,用于容纳固定后枢轴销的螺栓,以连接所述下控制臂。
14.根据权利要求10所述拖拉机,其特征在于,所述拖拉机还包括一整体铸造在差速器壳上的弹簧安装凸台和一弹簧件,所述弹簧件的一端通过所述弹簧安装凸台连接在所述差速器壳上,另一端连接在所述下控制臂上。
15.一种拖拉机,包括:
后轮;
前轮;
用于安装前后轮的底盘;
具有内侧端部的左上、左下、右上、右下控制臂,所述控制臂安装在底盘上,可以分别围绕上、下轴旋转,从而使控制臂的外侧端部上下运动;和,
分别可枢轴旋转地连接在左、右控制臂的外侧端部上的左、右转向节,可绕转向轴旋转,所述转向节上设有最终传动组件。
具有通过转向横拉杆而连接在所述转向节上的可延伸杆的转向助力缸;
延伸到由所述转向节支撑的最终传动组件上的左、右驱动轴。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/661,855 US6470991B1 (en) | 2000-09-14 | 2000-09-14 | Tractor with front suspension |
US09/661855 | 2000-09-14 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1343575A true CN1343575A (zh) | 2002-04-10 |
CN1318250C CN1318250C (zh) | 2007-05-30 |
Family
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CNB011330899A Expired - Fee Related CN1318250C (zh) | 2000-09-14 | 2001-09-14 | 具有前悬挂装置的拖拉机 |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6470991B1 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP1650108B2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2002137613A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1318250C (zh) |
AR (1) | AR037075A1 (zh) |
AT (2) | ATE423053T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU781378B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0103991B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2344139A1 (zh) |
DE (2) | DE60122906T2 (zh) |
MX (1) | MXPA01009118A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2255869C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2002022427A2 (zh) |
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CN104228507A (zh) * | 2014-07-31 | 2014-12-24 | 管中林 | 一种底盘高度可调的的越野车 |
CN107042757A (zh) * | 2016-01-19 | 2017-08-15 | 福特全球技术公司 | 差速器安装*** |
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- 2000-09-14 US US09/661,855 patent/US6470991B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-04-17 CA CA002344139A patent/CA2344139A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-08-29 AU AU65531/01A patent/AU781378B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-08-30 EP EP06100904.9A patent/EP1650108B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-30 DE DE60122906T patent/DE60122906T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-30 WO PCT/EP2001/009993 patent/WO2002022427A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-08-30 RU RU2003110436/11A patent/RU2255869C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-08-30 EP EP01978321A patent/EP1318938B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-30 AT AT06100904T patent/ATE423053T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-08-30 AT AT01978321T patent/ATE338671T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-08-30 DE DE60137731T patent/DE60137731D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-09-10 MX MXPA01009118A patent/MXPA01009118A/es unknown
- 2001-09-11 JP JP2001274678A patent/JP2002137613A/ja active Pending
- 2001-09-12 BR BRPI0103991-1A patent/BR0103991B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-09-13 AR ARP010104342A patent/AR037075A1/es unknown
- 2001-09-14 CN CNB011330899A patent/CN1318250C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104175874A (zh) * | 2014-07-29 | 2014-12-03 | 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 | 一种前差速器安装结构 |
CN104228507A (zh) * | 2014-07-31 | 2014-12-24 | 管中林 | 一种底盘高度可调的的越野车 |
CN107042757A (zh) * | 2016-01-19 | 2017-08-15 | 福特全球技术公司 | 差速器安装*** |
CN107042757B (zh) * | 2016-01-19 | 2021-11-05 | 福特全球技术公司 | 差速器安装*** |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2344139A1 (en) | 2002-03-14 |
EP1650108B2 (en) | 2015-09-23 |
WO2002022427A2 (en) | 2002-03-21 |
US6470991B1 (en) | 2002-10-29 |
ATE423053T1 (de) | 2009-03-15 |
ATE338671T1 (de) | 2006-09-15 |
DE60122906D1 (de) | 2006-10-19 |
BR0103991B1 (pt) | 2011-12-27 |
EP1318938B1 (en) | 2006-09-06 |
WO2002022427A3 (en) | 2002-08-08 |
BR0103991A (pt) | 2002-05-21 |
RU2255869C2 (ru) | 2005-07-10 |
AU781378B2 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
JP2002137613A (ja) | 2002-05-14 |
EP1650108A1 (en) | 2006-04-26 |
AU6553101A (en) | 2002-03-21 |
EP1650108B1 (en) | 2009-02-18 |
DE60122906T2 (de) | 2006-12-21 |
DE60137731D1 (de) | 2009-04-02 |
AR037075A1 (es) | 2004-10-20 |
CN1318250C (zh) | 2007-05-30 |
MXPA01009118A (es) | 2002-04-12 |
EP1318938A2 (en) | 2003-06-18 |
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